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Domić A, Pilipović-Broćeta N, Grabež M, Divac N, Igić R, Škrbić R. Intensive Intervention on Smoking Cessation in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: The Role of Family Physicians. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:965. [PMID: 38929582 PMCID: PMC11205568 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the role of physicians in the intensive intervention and education regarding the smoking cessation of patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A randomised prospective study was conducted in family physicians' clinics in which smokers of both sexes, aged 21-65 years, without cognitive impairments, and who were not addicted to psychoactive substances voluntarily participated. Four weeks preoperatively, 120 smokers were randomised into two equal groups; the intervention group (IG) underwent an intervention for the purpose of smoking cessation and the control group (CG) underwent no intervention. Biochemical tests were performed in order to determine the smoking status of the participants in the phase of randomisation, one week preoperatively, as well as 40, 120, and 180 days and 12 months postoperatively. The examinees of the IG talked to the physician five times and received 140 telephone messages, leaflets, and motivational letters along with the pharmacotherapy, while the participants in the CG received little or no advice on smoking cessation. Results: The results of this study confirmed a significant influence of the intervention and education on the smoking abstinence in the IG compared to the CG (p < 0.001). The smokers in the IG had 7.31 (95% CI: 2.32-23.04) times greater odds of abstinence upon the 12-month follow-up than the smokers in the CG. The smokers in the IG who did not stop smoking had a lower degree of dependence and smoked fewer cigarettes (p < 0.0001) compared to those in the CG, as well as a multiple times higher prevalence of short- and long-term abstinence. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the intensive intervention and education can motivate patients preparing for elective surgery to stop smoking in the short- and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto Domić
- Primary Health Care Centre, 76100 Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nataša Pilipović-Broćeta
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Milkica Grabež
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nevena Divac
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Rajko Igić
- The Academy of Sciences and Arts of The Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- The Academy of Sciences and Arts of The Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Abdelraouf MM, Abdalla RA, Mohamed DM, Ahmed AK, Abuzaid MA, Issak MA, Eljack IA, Saeed E, Abdelaziz MO. Prevalence of smoking and its associated factors among students of the University of Dongola, Northern State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2543-2548. [PMID: 38694294 PMCID: PMC11060252 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its prevalence has increased globally, particularly among university students. Objective The study aimed to assess the smoking prevalence and its associated factors among students at University of Dongola, Northern State, Sudan. Methods A multi-centred cross-sectional study was conducted among students of University of Dongola. Data was collected via an online Google form questionnaire. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using SPSS, version 26. Statistical significance was considered at p less than or equal to 0.05. Results A total of 642 students participated in the study, of which 51.9% were females. Most of the students (73.6%) were aged 20-25 years and came from health & medical faculties (60.7%). The overall prevalence of smoking was 11.7%. The determined risk factors for smoking included male gender (P≤0.001), older age (P≤0.001), non-health and non-medical faculties (P≤0.001), uneducated fathers (P=0.032), and low socio-economic status (P=0.001). The most common reason for smoking was stress (36%), with cigarettes being the most commonly used type (88%). Personal savings were the main source of smoking expenses (73.3%). Most smokers (88%) were aware of the harmful effects of smoking. Conclusion The overall smoking prevalence was relatively low among students at University of Dongola. Male gender, older age, non-health and non-medical faculties, uneducated fathers, and low socio-economic status were significant risk factors for smoking. The majority of smokers were aware of the harmful effects of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ibrahim A. Eljack
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Bisha College of Medicine, Bisha
| | - Elshazaly Saeed
- Prince Abdullah bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed O. Abdelaziz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, University of Dongola, Northern State
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Neddermann-Carrillo S, Abidi L, Gea A, Bes-Rastrollo M, de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Lahortiga-Ramos F, Martínez-González MÁ, Pardavila-Belio MI, Ruiz-Canela M. Tobacco and alcohol co-use: Lifestyle and sociodemographic factors, and personality aspects as potential predictors in the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" cohort. Res Nurs Health 2024; 47:251-265. [PMID: 38217468 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol co-use are two major lifestyle modifiable risk factors. Understanding the determinants of both behaviors helps to develop interventions to prevent these exposures. However, previous studies have focused on predictors of individual tobacco or alcohol use. This study aims to explore the potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co-use among Spanish university graduates from the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) cohort study. A total of 7175 participants who were co-users of tobacco and alcohol were selected for this cross-sectional analysis. Their mean age was 39.1 years (12.04 SD) and 57.3% were women. Univariate regression models were used to select the potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co-use, and the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to create a predictive model. Baseline potential predictors included sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and perceived personality aspects. In the multivariable model, the main significant potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co-use were driving under the influence of alcohol (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65 [1.43-1.90]), drinking 1-2 cups of coffee daily (OR = 1.50 [1.24-1.84]), drinking three or more cups of coffee daily (OR = 1.61 [1.35-1.91]), and doing more physical activity than recommended (OR = 1.18 [1.02-1.34]) when compared with the reference group. Conversely, those who were married (OR = 0.87 [0.75-0.99], ate at home 7 days a week (OR = 0.69 [0.60-0.80]), or had a high perceived level of competitiveness (OR = 0.83 [0.72-0.95]) had a lower risk of co-use (AUC 0.61 [confidence interval 95% 0.59-0.63]), compared to the reference group. These results could be used by healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to effectively assess patients at higher risk of tobacco and alcohol co-use. [Correction added on 16 February 2024, after first online publication: The abstract section has been revised to provide more clarity in this version.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Neddermann-Carrillo
- Department of Community Nursing and Maternal & Child Health Care, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Latifa Abidi
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Gea
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Lahortiga-Ramos
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psycology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miren Idoia Pardavila-Belio
- Department of Community Nursing and Maternal & Child Health Care, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Purevdorj B, Suh E, Petersen AB, Kuwabara Y, Kinjo A, Osaki Y, Narmandakh A, Dambardarjaa D, Singh P. Spatial and Economic Proximity of Cigarette Sales to School Children in Mongolia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4088408. [PMID: 38562754 PMCID: PMC10984032 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4088408/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The Western Pacific Region has the highest rate of cigarette smoking in the world. In this region, Mongolia has ratified the WHO FCTC treaty and, as part of treaty implementation, has monitored school tobacco use in children using the 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and 2019 GYTS. Our objective was to examine the spatial and economic factors associated with cigarette use in schoolchildren of Mongolia. Methods The 2014 and 2019 GYTS are the most recent and comprehensive national surveys of tobacco use in schoolchildren in Mongolia and are cross-sectional, stratified, multi-stage cluster surveys of 13-15 year-old schoolchildren (7,298 in 2014, 4,146 in 2019) selected from urban and rural schools. For each survey, we conducted logistic regression modelling to examine whether spatial (proximity of cigarette sales to schools), economic (pocket money available to school children), and other environmental/contextual factors were predictors of cigarette use (all, single sticks) in schoolchildren. Results We found that 1)the prevalence of vendors selling cigarettes near schools increased from 65% in the 2014 GYTS to 94% in the 2019 GYTS, 2) sales of cigarettes near schools were associated with increased current smoking of all cigarettes and this effect increased from a marginal 31% increase in odds in 2014 (OR [95% confidence interval(CI)]=1.31 [0.99, 1.73]) to a 416% increase in odds in 2019 (OR [95% CI]=5.16[3.31, 8.05]), 3) sales of cigarettes near schools were associated with a substantial increase in odds of smoking single cigarettes in 2014 (OR [95% CI]=1.87 [1.14,3.06]) and in 2019 (OR[95% CI]=2.70 [1.42, 5.12]). We also found that smoking of all cigarettes was higher when student pocket money exceeded the price of the cigarette pack (approximately 1.8 USD) and also when parents and/or peers were smokers. Conclusions Despite the 2012 National Tobacco Laws banning sales of cigarettes and single cigarettes to schoolchildren near schools, the most recent national surveys (2014-2019) have shown that these sales are increasing. We provide new findings indicating that despite the higher pricing of cigarette packs (relative to the region), illicit sales of single cigarettes are targeting schoolchildren near their schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Suh
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center
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Boxer DJM, Sung YH, Nunez NA, Fitzgerald CE, Renshaw PF, Kondo DG. Exploring the Link between Altitude of Residence and Smoking Patterns in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:226. [PMID: 38397715 PMCID: PMC10887906 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking-related diseases affect 16 million Americans, causing approximately 480,000 deaths annually. The prevalence of cigarette smoking varies regionally across the United States, and previous research indicates that regional rates of smoking-related diseases demonstrate a negative association with altitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between altitude and the prevalence of cigarette smoking by county (N = 3106) in the United States. We hypothesized that smoking prevalence among adults would be negatively associated with mean county altitude. METHODS A multivariate linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between county-level mean altitude and county smoking rate. Covariates were individually correlated with 2020 smoking data, and significant associations were included in the final model. RESULTS The multivariate linear regression indicated that the county-level smoking rates are significantly reduced at high altitudes (p < 0.001). The model accounted for 89.5% of the variance in smoking prevalence, and for each 1000-foot increase in altitude above sea level, smoking rates decreased by 0.143%. Based on multivariate linear regression, the following variables remained independently and significantly associated: race, sex, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, unemployment, physical inactivity, drinking behavior, mental distress, and tobacco taxation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that smoking rates are negatively associated with altitude, which may suggest that altitude affects the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanistic pathways involved in cigarette use. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between altitude and smoking and how altitude may serve as a protective factor in the acquisition and maintenance of tobacco use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Jeanne-Marie Boxer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
| | - Young-Hoon Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
| | - Nicolas A. Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Colleen Elizabeth Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Intermountain Health, Oncology Clinical Trials, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Perry Franklin Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Douglas Gavin Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (Y.-H.S.); (N.A.N.); (C.E.F.); (P.F.R.); (D.G.K.)
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
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Arabzadeh E, Shirvani H, Masjedi MR, Ghanei M, Hofmeister M, Rostamkhani F. Treadmill exercise with nanoselenium supplementation affects the expression of Irisin/FNDC5 and semaphorin 3A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke extract. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38058362 PMCID: PMC10695908 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the impacts of 6 weeks of aerobic interval training (AIT) with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on muscle, serum, and lung irisin (FNDC5) and Sema3A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). To this end, 49 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into seven groups: control, SeNPs (2.5 mg/kg b.w by oral gavage, 3 days/week, 6 weeks), AIT (49 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks, interval), SeNPs + AIT, CSE (150 µL by IP injection, 1 day/week for 6 weeks), CSE + AIT, and CSE + SeNPs + AIT. The CSE group showed a significant reduction in irisin and Sema3A serum levels, as well as a decrease in FNDC5 and Sema3A gene expression in lung tissue (p < 0.05). A combined treatment (AIT with SeNPs) significantly increased the serum level and the expression of muscle and lung irisin (FNDC5) and Sema3A in CSE received groups (p < 0.05). There was a positive and significant correlation between muscle FNDC5 and lung FNDC5 in the CSE + SeNPs + AIT group (r = 0.92, p = 0.025). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between serum Sema3A and lung Sema3A of CSE + SeNPs + AIT group (r = 0.97, p = 0.004). Seemingly, performing aerobic exercises with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplement nano-selenium in the model of lung damage (similar to COPD) can boost myokine irisin and Sema3A, especially in serum and lung tissue. These results displayed the paracrine/endocrine regulatory function of these myokines on other tissues. In other words, these interventions emphasized the creation of crosstalk between skeletal muscles and damaged lung, focusing on its recovery; however, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Masjedi
- Tobacco Control Research Center (TCRC), Iranian Anti-Tobacco Association, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Hofmeister
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Consumer Centre of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Rostamkhani
- Department of Biology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Jarelnape AA, Ahmed W, Omer S, Fadlala A, Ali Z, Hassan M, Ahmed R, Hakami M, Ali M, Mohammed K, Sagiron E, Abdalla YH, Osman A, Abdelazeem E, Balola H. Prevalence of smoking cigarettes and beliefs regarding smoking habits among medical students: a cross-sectional study in Sudan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193475. [PMID: 37427282 PMCID: PMC10325783 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a common problem in university students worldwide. Smoking is one of the most dangerous social phenomena and has a significant impact on public health. This study investigated the beliefs and attitudes of medical students toward smoking in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Al Neelain University, Sudan, from March to June 2022 using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of eight items on demographic characteristics and 13 on the beliefs and attitudes toward smoking. Other data included smoking status, smoking habits, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking duration. Data analysis was performed descriptively, and chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted using SPSS version 24. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results A total of 336 students participated in this study, and the smoking prevalence was 48.8% (41.1% in men and 7.7% in women). In total, 76.8% reported smoking daily at a rate of 5-10 cigarettes per day. In terms of students' beliefs about smoking, 86.8% disagreed with selling cigarettes at the university. Of the respondents, 68.4% did not approve smoking on campus. There was a relationship between smoking habits and the age group of 22-25 years, which was the highest smoking category among students (p-value = 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of cigarette smoking among medical students is disturbing, particularly as they are future doctors. There is a need to include plans to reduce smoking among students that can be incorporated into courses and special programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waled Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suaad Omer
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Fadlala
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab Ali
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ragaa Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Hakami
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujtaba Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elwaleed Sagiron
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdalla Osman
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamza Balola
- Department of Community, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
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Štěpánek L, Ševčíková J, Horáková D, Patel MS, Durďáková R. Public Health Burden of Secondhand Smoking: Case Reports of Lung Cancer and a Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13152. [PMID: 36293731 PMCID: PMC9603183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS), composed of mainstream and sidestream smoke, is a known human carcinogen. It contains a variety of harmful substances at even higher concentrations than mainstream smoke itself, which is inhaled during firsthand smoking. Exposure to SHS, affecting more than a third of the worldwide population, increases the likelihood of lung cancer by roughly 30%, with specific contributions depending on the histological type of cancer. This study aimed to present the harmful potential of SHS through case reports and describe the burden of SHS via a literature review. From a collection of lung cancer case reports occurring in never smokers from the Olomouc district over the last 10 years, 2 cases with no risk factors for lung cancer except for significant exposure to SHS were identified. Both cases were of young women who lived in households where their parents smoked during childhood. They suffered from rarer histological types of lung cancer in which the association with SHS has not yet been analyzed. As the literature confirms, SHS has the most adverse effects in individuals exposed during childhood. It is necessary to both take measures to reduce the prevalence of SHS, especially among children in households and pay due attention to the smoking history of patients, including current and previous exposure to SHS, when obtaining anamnestic data. Furthermore, the effect of SHS on rarer histological types of lung cancer should be studied.
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