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Turner N, Aminisani N, Huang S, O'Donnell J, Trenholme A, Broderick D, Paynter J, Castelino L, Grant C, McIntyre P. Comparison of the Burden and Temporal Pattern of Hospitalisations Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Before and After COVID-19 in New Zealand. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13346. [PMID: 38980967 PMCID: PMC11232889 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the epidemiology of illnesses caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection following the COVID-19 pandemic are reported. The New Zealand (NZ) COVID-19 situation was unique; RSV community transmission was eliminated with the 2020 border closure, with a rapid and large increase in hospitalizations following the relaxation of social isolation measures and the opening of an exclusive border with Australia. METHODS This active population-based surveillance compared the age-specific incidence and seasonality of RSV-associated hospitalizations in Auckland, NZ, for 2 years before and after the 2020 border closures. Hospitalisation rates between years were compared by age, ethnicity (European/other, Māori, Pacific and Asian) and socioeconomic group (1 = least, 5 = most deprived). RESULTS There was no RSV transmission in 2020. In all other years, hospitalisation rates were highest for people of Pacific versus other ethnic groups and for people living in the most deprived quintile of households. RSV hospitalisation rates were higher in 2021 and 2022 than in 2018-19. The epidemic peak was higher in 2021, but not 2022, and the duration was shorter than in 2018-19. In 2021, the increase in RSV hospitalisation rates was significant across all age, sex, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. In 2022, the increase in hospitalisation rates was only significant in one age (1- < 3 years), one ethnic (Asian) and one socioeconomic group (quintile 2). CONCLUSIONS COVID pandemic responses altered RSV-related hospitalisation seasonal patterns. Atypical features of RSV hospitalisation epidemiology were the increase in rates in older children and young adults, which lessened in 2022. Despite these variations, RSV hospitalisations in NZ continue to disproportionately affect individuals of Pacific ethnicity and those living in more socioeconomically deprived households. Whilst future public health strategies focused on RSV disease mitigation need to consider the potential shifts in epidemiological patterns when the transmission is disrupted, these variances must be considered in the context of longer-standing patterns of unequal disease distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Turner
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, ESR, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nayyereh Aminisani
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, ESR, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, ESR, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jane O'Donnell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Trenholme
- Kidz First Childrens Hopsital, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Broderick
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Paynter
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lorraine Castelino
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron Grant
- Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Starship Children's Hospital, Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter McIntyre
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Gashgarey D, Alsuhaibani M, Alhuthil R, Alhabshan H, Alabdulqader A, Badran R, Balhmar A, Aldawood H, AlBanyan EA, AlGhamdi S, AlJumaah S, AlYabes O, Al-Hajjar S. Evolving Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Cases Around COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Clinical Insights, Retrospective Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:319-326. [PMID: 38573464 PMCID: PMC11176150 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk pediatric patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to characterize pediatric RSV cases from January 2019 to December 2022 and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV burden and RSV-related outcomes. In addition, examining factors influencing RSV-related hospitalization. METHODS This is a retrospective study that included pediatric patients (aged 14 and below) who presented at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with RSV infection identified using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA. RESULTS A total of 885 RSV cases were reported; (56.05%) were males and (43.95%) were females with a median age of 24 months [interquartile range (IQR): 11-60]. 534 (60.34%) required hospitalization. As for RSV seasonality, there was a significant increase in RSV prevalence following the COVID-19 pandemic, escalating from 205 cases in 2019 to 425 cases in 2022. The increase in 2022 was evident in January and persisted from September to December, reaching its peak during the months of October (20.70% - 88 cases) and November (32.00% - 136 cases). About (27.12%) of RSV infected children were medically free patients. Symptomatic patients exhibited various clinical manifestations, with ventilation necessary in (13.11%) of cases. Further analysis revealed significant changes in RSV-related outcomes post-COVID-19, including a decrease in hospitalization rates, an increase in medically free patients, and a lower need for ventilation (p < 0.05). Notably, a significant proportion of RSV admissions occurred within the first 6 months of life, with (77.69%) in the age group of 0 to 5 months. In addition, previous RSV infection, prematurity, low birth weight, renal disease, congenital heart disease, endocrine/metabolic disease, neuro/neuromuscular diseases, and genetic disorders were positively associated with hospitalization (P < 0.05). Interestingly, asthma and bone marrow transplantation were negatively associated with hospitalization (P < 0.05). The mortality rate in this study is (2.37%) (21/885). CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the demographic and clinical factors influencing RSV outcomes, highlighting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and shedding light on potential risk factors for RSV-related hospitalization. The highest prevalence of RSV during (September to January), aligning with global patterns and emphasizing the importance of timing in preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Gashgarey
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Alhuthil
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan Alhabshan
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam Alabdulqader
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Badran
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Balhmar
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Aldawood
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam A AlBanyan
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem AlGhamdi
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman AlJumaah
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud AlYabes
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Al-Hajjar
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang Y, Song L, Ma N, Li H, Hu S, Feng Z. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spectrum of neonatal disease in a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective analysis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1928. [PMID: 38410493 PMCID: PMC10895153 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Neonatal diseases are a significant threat to global public health, affecting the homeostasis and well-being of patients and reflecting the status of, and challenges to, regional, national, and global healthcare systems. This study sought to investigate how the disease spectrum observed among neonatal inpatients changed after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods The present hospital-based retrospective study analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of 19,943 hospitalized newborns from January 2018 to December 2022 using data derived from pediatric department registers. Results According to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) classification criteria, the two most common neonatal disorders during this study period were "Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period" and "Disease of the respiratory system." Following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 onwards), the number of neonatal patients declined markedly (5742 per year vs. 2820 per year), and the incidence of "Disease of the respiratory system" was significantly lower than in 2018-2019 (25.72% vs. 17.46%). Conclusion The study offers detailed insights into the shifts in neonatal disease patterns at the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a foundation for future research and policymaking efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Faculty of PediatricsThe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of PediatricsThe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ FailureBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Linhong Song
- Faculty of PediatricsThe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ FailureBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key TechnologyBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac SurgeryThe Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of PediatricsThe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of PediatricsThe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ FailureBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of PediatricsThe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of PediatricsThe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ FailureBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Siqi Hu
- Faculty of PediatricsThe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of PediatricsThe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ FailureBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Faculty of PediatricsThe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of PediatricsThe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ FailureBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Prevention and Control of Key TechnologyBeijingChina
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Treggiari D, Pomari C, Zavarise G, Piubelli C, Formenti F, Perandin F. Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Children in the Post-COVID Seasons: A Northern Italy Hospital Experience. Viruses 2024; 16:126. [PMID: 38257826 PMCID: PMC10820224 DOI: 10.3390/v16010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health measures for COVID-19 mitigation influenced the circulation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) during the 2020-2021 winter season. In the following autumn, an unprecedented resurgence of RSV occurred. Our study monitored RSV pediatric infections one and two years after the relaxation of containment measures for the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We analyzed diagnostic molecular data for SARS-CoV-2, flu, and RSV infections and clinical data from children with respiratory symptoms referring to our hospital during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 seasons. RESULTS In the 2021-2022 season, the number of RSV-affected children was very high, especially for babies <1 year. The outbreak appeared in a shorter interval of time, with a high clinical severity. In the 2022-23 season, a reduced number of infected pediatric patients were detected, with a similar hospitalization rate (46% vs. 40%), and RSV accounted for 12% of the infections. Coinfections were observed in age <2 years. In RSV patients, symptoms were similar across the two seasons. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation of RSV in the two post-COVID seasons suggests that the pathophysiology of the virus did not change across these two years. Further studies are needed to continuously monitor RSV to support an effective prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Treggiari
- Department of Tropical, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Pomari
- Andrus Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Giorgio Zavarise
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy;
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Tropical, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabio Formenti
- Department of Tropical, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Perandin
- Department of Tropical, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy; (F.F.); (F.P.)
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