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Liadi Y, Campbell T, Dike P, Harlemon M, Elliott B, Odero-Marah V. Prostate cancer metastasis and health disparities: a systematic review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:183-191. [PMID: 37046071 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting men, significantly contributes to increased mortality rates worldwide. While the causative death is due to advanced metastatic disease, this occurrence disproportionately impacts men of African descent compared to men of European descent. In this review, we describe potential mechanisms underlying PCa metastases disparities and current treatments for metastatic disease among these populations, differences in treatment outcomes, and survival rates, in hopes of highlighting a need to address disparities in PCa metastases. METHODS We reviewed existing literature using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using the following keywords: "prostate cancer metastases", "metastatic prostate cancer disparity", "metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment", "prostate cancer genetic differences and mechanisms", "genetic differences and prostate tumor microenvironment", and "men of African descent and access to clinical treatments". The inclusion criteria for literature usage were original research articles and review articles. RESULTS Studies indicate unique genetic signatures and molecular mechanisms such as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), inflammation, and growth hormone signaling involved in metastatic PCa disparities. Clinical studies also demonstrate differences in treatment outcomes that are race-specific, for example, patients of African descent have a better response to enzalutamide and immunotherapy yet have less access to these drugs as compared to patients of European descent. CONCLUSIONS Growing evidence suggests a connection between a patient's genetic profile, the prostate tumor microenvironment, and social determinants of health that contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic disease and treatment outcomes. With several potential pathways highlighted, the limitations in current diagnostic and therapeutic applications that target disparity in PCa metastases warrant rigorous research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Liadi
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Taaliah Campbell
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Precious Dike
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Maxine Harlemon
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Bethtrice Elliott
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
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Al Shareef Z, Hachim MY, Bouzid A, Talaat IM, Al-Rawi N, Hamoudi R, Hachim IY. The prognostic value of Dickkopf-3 (Dkk3), TGFB1 and ECM-1 in prostate cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1351888. [PMID: 38855324 PMCID: PMC11157039 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1351888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite advances in patient diagnosis, management, and risk stratification, 10%-20% of patients progress to castration-resistant disease. Our previous report highlighted a protective role of Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) in PCa stroma. This role was proposed to be mediated through opposing extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM-1) and TGF-β signalling activity. However, a detailed analysis of the prognostic value of DKK3, ECM-1 and members of the TGF-β signalling pathway in PCa was not thoroughly investigated. In this study, we explored the prognostic value of DKK3, ECM-1 and TGFB1 using a bioinformatical approach through analysis of large publicly available datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TGCA) and Pan-Cancer Atlas databases. Our results showed a significant gradual loss of DKK3 expression with PCa progression (p < 0.0001) associated with increased DNA methylation in its promoter region (p < 1.63E-12). In contrast, patients with metastatic lesions showed significantly higher levels of TGFB1 expression compared to primary tumours (p < 0.00001). Our results also showed a marginal association between more advanced tumour stage presented as positive lymph node involvement and low DKK3 mRNA expression (p = 0.082). However, while ECM1 showed no association with tumour stage (p = 0.773), high TGFB1 expression showed a significant association with more advanced stage presented as advanced T3 stage compared to patients with low TGFB1 mRNA expression (p < 0.001). Interestingly, while ECM1 showed no significant association with patient outcome, patients with high DKK3 mRNA expression showed a significant association with favourable outcomes presented as prolonged disease-specific (p = 0.0266), progression-free survival (p = 0.047) and disease-free (p = 0.05). In contrast, high TGFB1 mRNA expression showed a significant association with poor patient outcomes presented as shortened progression-free (p = 0.00032) and disease-free survival (p = 0.0433). Moreover, DKK3, TGFB1 and ECM1 have acted as immune-associated genes in the PCa tumour microenvironment. In conclusion, our findings showed a distinct prognostic value for this three-gene signature in PCa. While both DKK3 and TGFB1 showed a potential role as a clinical marker for PCa stratification, ECM1 showed no significant association with the majority of clinicopathological parameters, which reduce its clinical significance as a reliable prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Natheer Al-Rawi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Fan S, Chen Z, Zhou F, Lv Q, Wang D, Ren S, Tian X. Comparison of perioperative and functional outcomes of single-incision versus standard multi-incision robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a prospective, controlled, nonrandomized trial. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:195. [PMID: 38700764 PMCID: PMC11068665 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
To compare perioperative and functional outcomes between improved (port-free) single-site robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (pf-ssRARP) and standard multi-port robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (MPRARP). A total of 372 consecutive patients underwent RARAP using the da Vinci Si® robotic surgical system. Group I (n = 210) included patients undergoing pf-ssRARP and Group II (n = 162) included patients undergoing MPRARP. Demographics and perioperative data including postoperative recovery outcomes were recorded and compared between the two groups. Overall mean operative time was significantly shorter with the pf-ssRARP compared to the MPRARP (p < 0.05). The length of hospitalization after the pf-ssRARP was shorter (p < 0.05). In Group I, the positive surgical margin rate was 15.2%; while in Group II, the positive margin rate was 33.3% (p < 0.05). The rate of instant urinary continence was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (p < 0.05). The percentage of urinary continence was higher in the pf-ssRARP than in the MPRARP, at 6 months post-surgery (p < 0.05) and 9 months post-surgery (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of erectile function in the pf-ssRARP and MPRARP groups at the time of reaching the endpoint of this study (p > 0.05). The two groups were comparable in terms of total hospitalization costs (p < 0.05). The improved (port-free) single-site robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a practical and easy technique to implement in clinical practice. Extraperitoneal implementation of the modified technique requires only a small incision, no special PORT, no additional auxiliary foramen creation, increased postoperative aesthetics and reduced hospitalization costs, and a high percentage of early postoperative urinary control recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Fan
- Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangqing Ren
- Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Tian
- Centre for Surgical Anaesthesia, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Jeganathan T, Salgues E, Schick U, Tissot V, Fournier G, Valéri A, Nguyen TA, Bourbonne V. Inter-Rater Variability of Prostate Lesion Segmentation on Multiparametric Prostate MRI. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3309. [PMID: 38137530 PMCID: PMC10741937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External radiotherapy is a major treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Dose escalation to the whole prostate gland increases biochemical relapse-free survival but also acute and late toxicities. Dose escalation to the dominant index lesion (DIL) only is of growing interest. It requires a robust delineation of the DIL. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the inter-observer variability of DIL delineation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two junior radiologists and a senior radiation oncologist delineated DILs on 64 mpMRIs of patients with histologically confirmed PCa. For each mpMRI and each reader, eight individual DIL segmentations were delineated. These delineations were blindly performed from one another and resulted from the individual analysis of the T2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), b2000, and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) sequences, as well as the analysis of combined sequences (T2ADC, T2ADCb2000, T2ADCDCE, and T2ADCb2000DCE). Delineation variability was assessed using the DICE coefficient, Jaccard index, Hausdorff distance measure, and mean distance to agreement. RESULTS T2, ADC, T2ADC, b2000, T2 + ADC + b2000, T2 + ADC + DCE, and T2 + ADC + b2000 + DCE sequences obtained DICE coefficients of 0.51, 0.50, 0.54, 0.52, 0.54, 0.55, 0.53, respectively, which are significantly higher than the perfusion sequence alone (0.35, p < 0.001). The analysis of other similarity metrics lead to similar results. The tumor volume and PI-RADS classification were positively correlated with the DICE scores. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the contours of prostatic lesions were more reproducible on certain sequences but confirmed the great variability of prostatic contours with a maximum DICE coefficient calculated at 0.55 (joint analysis of T2, ADC, and perfusion sequences).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Jeganathan
- Radiology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (T.J.); (E.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Emile Salgues
- Radiology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (T.J.); (E.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Ulrike Schick
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France;
- INSERM, LaTIM UMR 1101, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France; (G.F.); (A.V.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Valentin Tissot
- Radiology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France; (T.J.); (E.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Georges Fournier
- INSERM, LaTIM UMR 1101, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France; (G.F.); (A.V.); (T.-A.N.)
- Urology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Antoine Valéri
- INSERM, LaTIM UMR 1101, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France; (G.F.); (A.V.); (T.-A.N.)
- Urology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Truong-An Nguyen
- INSERM, LaTIM UMR 1101, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France; (G.F.); (A.V.); (T.-A.N.)
- Urology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Vincent Bourbonne
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France;
- INSERM, LaTIM UMR 1101, University of Western Brittany, 29238 Brest, France; (G.F.); (A.V.); (T.-A.N.)
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Spadarotto N, Sauck A, Hainc N, Keller I, John H, Hohmann J. Quantitative Evaluation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values, ISUP Grades and Prostate-Specific Antigen Density Values of Potentially Malignant PI-RADS Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5183. [PMID: 37958357 PMCID: PMC10648562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the correlation between ADC values and the ADC/PSAD ratio for potentially malignant prostate lesions classified into ISUP grades and to determine threshold values to differentiate benign lesions (noPCa), clinically insignificant (nsPCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). We enrolled a total of 403 patients with 468 prostate lesions, of which 46 patients with 50 lesions were excluded for different reasons. Therefore, 357 patients with a total of 418 prostate lesions remained for the final evaluation. For all lesions, ADC values were measured; they demonstrated a negative correlation with ISUP grades (p < 0.001), with a significant difference between csPCa and a combined group of nsPCa and noPCa (ns-noPCa, p < 0.001). The same was true for the ADC/PSAD ratio, but only the ADC/PSAD ratio proved to be a significant discriminator between nsPCa and noPCa (p = 0.0051). Using the calculated threshold values, up to 31.6% of biopsies could have been avoided. Furthermore, the ADC/PSAD ratio, with the ability to distinguish between nsPCa and noPCa, offers possible active surveillance without prior biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Spadarotto
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Anja Sauck
- Clinic of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.S.); (I.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Nicolin Hainc
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Isabelle Keller
- Clinic of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.S.); (I.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Hubert John
- Clinic of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.S.); (I.K.); (H.J.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Hohmann
- Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland;
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Longoria-García S, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Sánchez-Domínguez M, Delgado-Balderas JR, Islas-Cisneros JF, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Gallardo-Blanco HL. Design and Characterization of pMyc/pMax Peptide-Coupled Gold Nanosystems for Targeting Myc in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2802. [PMID: 37887952 PMCID: PMC10609645 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Myc and Max are essential proteins in the development of prostate cancer. They act by dimerizing and binding to E-box sequences. Disrupting the Myc:Max heterodimer interaction or its binding to E-box sequences to interrupt gene transcription represent promising strategies for treating cancer. We designed novel pMyc and pMax peptides from reference sequences, and we evaluated their ability to bind specifically to E-box sequences using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Then, we assembled nanosystems (NSs) by coupling pMyc and pMax peptides to AuNPs, and determined peptide conjugation using UV-Vis spectroscopy. After that, we characterized the NS to obtain the nanoparticle's size, hydrodynamic diameter, and zeta potential. Finally, we evaluated hemocompatibility and cytotoxic effects in three different prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines (LNCaP, PC-3, and DU145) and a non-cancerous cell line (Vero CCL-81). EMSA results suggests peptide-nucleic acid interactions between the pMyc:pMax dimer and the E-box. The hemolysis test showed little hemolytic activity for the NS at the concentrations (5, 0.5, and 0.05 ng/µL) we evaluated. Cell viability assays showed NS cytotoxicity. Overall, results suggest that the NS with pMyc and pMax peptides might be suitable for further research regarding Myc-driven prostate adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Longoria-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV, S.C.), Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca 66628, Mexico
| | - Jesús R. Delgado-Balderas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - José F. Islas-Cisneros
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66451, Mexico
| | - Hugo L. Gallardo-Blanco
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66451, Mexico
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Thakur N, Quazi S, Naik B, Jha SK, Singh P. New insights into molecular signaling pathways and current advancements in prostate cancer diagnostics & therapeutics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193736. [PMID: 37664036 PMCID: PMC10469924 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 20% of deaths among males due to cancer. It is the fifth-leading cancer diagnosed in males across the globe. The mortality rate is quite high due to prostate cancer. Despite the fact that advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics have been made, there is a lack of effective drugs. Metabolic pathways are altered due to the triggering of androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways, and elevated levels of dihydrotestosterone are produced due to defects in AR signaling that accelerate the growth of prostate cancer cells. Further, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways interact with AR signaling pathway and act as precursors to promote prostate cancer. Prostate cancer therapy has been classified into luminal A, luminal B, and basal subtypes. Therapeutic drugs inhibiting dihydrotestosterone and PI3K have shown to give promising results to combat prostate cancer. Many second-generation Androgen receptor signaling antagonists are given either as single agent or with the combination of other drugs. In order to develop a cure for metastasized prostate cancer cells, Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is applied by using surgical or chemical methods. In many cases, Prostatectomy or local radiotherapy are used to control metastasized prostate cancer. However, it has been observed that after 1.5 years to 2 years of Prostatectomy or castration, there is reoccurrence of prostate cancer and high incidence of castration resistant prostate cancer is seen in population undergone ADT. It has been observed that Androgen derivation therapy combined with drugs like abiraterone acetate or docetaxel improve overall survival rate in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients. Scientific investigations have revealed that drugs inhibiting poly ADP Ribose polymerase (PARP) are showing promising results in clinical trials in the prostate cancer population with mCRPC and DNA repair abnormalities. Recently, RISUG adv (reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance) has shown significant results against prostate cancer cell lines and MTT assay has validated substantial effects of this drug against PC3 cell lines. Current review paper highlights the advancements in prostate cancer therapeutics and new drug molecules against prostate cancer. It will provide detailed insights on the signaling pathways which need to be targeted to combat metastasized prostate cancer and castration resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sameer Quazi
- Department of Chemistry, Akshara First Grade College, Bengaluru, India
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies (SCAMT) Institute, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Hinojosa J, Vega SLH, De Oca RHM, Bayardo LH. Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in prostate cancer in México, survey of SOMERA (Sociedad Mexicana de Radioterapeutas/Mexican Society of Radiation Oncologists) with recommendations on its implementation and process. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:198-206. [PMID: 37456698 PMCID: PMC10348338 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is one of the main tumors worldwide, its treatment is multidisciplinary, includes radiotherapy in all stages: curative, radical, adjuvant, salvage and palliative. Technological advances in planning systems, image acquisition and treatment equipment have allowed the delivery of higher doses limiting toxicity in healthy tissues, distributing radiation optimally and ensuring reproducibility of conditions. Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is not standard in guidelines, only recommended with heterogeneity in its own process. Materials and methods A survey was conducted to members of the Mexican Society of Radiation Oncologists (SOMERA), to know the current status and make recommendations about its implementation and use, taking into account existing resources. Results Responses of 541 patients were evaluated, 85% belonged to the intermediate-high risk group, 65% received adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy (RT), 80% received intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using doses up to 80 Gy/2 Gy. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed on 506 (93.5%), (100% IMRT) and 90% at a periodicity of 3-5/week. 3D treatment with 42% portal images 1/week. Online correction strategies (36% changes before treatment), following a diet and bladder and rectal control. Evidence and recommendations are reviewed. Conclusions IGRT should be performed in patients with prostate cancer. In Mexico, despite limitations in the distribution of human and technological resources, it is routinely applied. More information is still needed on clinical evidence of its benefits and the process should be implemented according to infrastructure, following institutional guidelines, recommending to report the initial experience that helps to standardize national conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Hinojosa
- American British Cowdray Medical Center IAP, Radiation Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Radioterapia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luis Hector Bayardo
- Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Shoeleh C, Graff J, Patel T. A Case Report of a Patient With Prostate Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to the Posterior Peritoneum Despite the Negative Preoperative Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Scan. Cureus 2023; 15:e39948. [PMID: 37416002 PMCID: PMC10319601 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the multitude of therapies available, prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. For many patients diagnosed with PCa, clinical and radiographic staging are critical components for management decisions. PCa staging with the use of imaging modalities such as MRI and bone scintigraphy is recommended in patients with newly diagnosed intermediate or high-risk PCa and in patients with biochemical recurrence; it is also recommended for monitoring the patient's response to treatment for diagnosed PCa. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), recently approved in 2021, is an imaging modality that has been shown to have a greater sensitivity, specificity, and negative likelihood ratio than conventional imaging modalities such as CT, bone scintigraphy, and MRI in prostate cancer staging. Despite the improvement in staging that PSMA-PET/CT can provide, our current report details a false-negative result in detecting a rare PCa metastasis to the peritoneum, which was found at the time of an attempted radical prostatectomy. Although the patient had a negative preoperative PSMA-PET/CT and was presumed to be non-metastatic, the prostatectomy was aborted because the patient was unexpectedly found to have peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Shoeleh
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, USF (University of South Florida) Health, Tampa, USA
| | - John Graff
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Trushar Patel
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
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10
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Torabinejad S, Miro C, Barone B, Imbimbo C, Crocetto F, Dentice M. The androgen-thyroid hormone crosstalk in prostate cancer and the clinical implications. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e220228. [PMID: 36930264 PMCID: PMC10160561 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that thyroid hormones (THs) work in an integrative fashion with androgen receptors (ARs) to regulate gonadal differentiation and reproductive function. Studies reveal that THs have interactions with the AR promoter region and increase AR expression. THs also have a role in the regulation of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of androgens, such as 5α-reductase, which is essential in the conversion of testosterone into its active form, 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Additionally, the presence of androgen response elements in the promoter regions of TH-related genes, such as deiodinases and TH receptor isoforms, has been identified in some vertebrates, indicating a mutual interaction between THs and ARs. Since the androgen signaling pathway, mediated by ARs, plays a key role in the formation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), the existence of crosstalk between THs and ARs supports the epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicating a relationship between the high incidence of PCa and hyperthyroidism. This article aims to review the role of androgen-TH crosstalk in PCa and its implication in clinical management. As life expectancy is growing these days, it can increase the number of patients with PCa and the critical relevance of the disease. In order to gain better knowledge about PCa and to improve clinical management, it is essential to get better insight into the key factors related to the formation and progression of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Torabinejad
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples ’Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples ’Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples ’Federico II’, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE – Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
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11
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Silva J, Tavares V, Afonso A, Garcia J, Cerqueira F, Medeiros R. Plasmatic MicroRNAs and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study and In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109101. [PMID: 37240449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide. Inevitably, all advanced PCa patients develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), an aggressive phase of the disease. Treating mCRPC is challenging, and prognostic tools are needed for disease management. MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation has been reported in PCa, constituting potential non-invasive prognostic biomarkers. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic potential of nine miRNAs in the liquid biopsies (plasma) of mCRPC patients treated with second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents, abiraterone acetate (AbA) and enzalutamide (ENZ). Low expression levels of miR-16-5p and miR-145-5p in mCRPC patients treated with AbA were significantly associated with lower progression-free survival (PFS). The two miRNAs were the only predictors of the risk of disease progression in AbA-stratified analyses. Low miR-20a-5p levels in mCRPC patients with Gleason scores of <8 were associated with worse overall survival (OS). The transcript seems to predict the risk of death regardless of the ARAT agent. According to the in silico analyses, miR-16-5p, miR-145-5p, and miR-20a-5p seem to be implicated in several processes, namely, cell cycle, proliferation, migration, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism related to treatment outcome. These miRNAs may represent attractive prognostic tools to be used in mCRPC management, as well as a step further in the identification of new potential therapeutic targets, to use in combination with ARAT for an improved treatment outcome. Despite the promising results, real-world validation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- AquaValor-Centro de Valorização e Transferência de Tecnologia da Água, Rua Dr. Júlio Martins, nº1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Afonso
- Department of Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Garcia
- AquaValor-Centro de Valorização e Transferência de Tecnologia da Água, Rua Dr. Júlio Martins, nº1, 5400-342 Chaves, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa (FP-I3ID), Biomedical and Health Sciences (FP-BHS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa (FP-I3ID), Biomedical and Health Sciences (FP-BHS), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Lahnif H, Grus T, Salvanou EA, Deligianni E, Stellas D, Bouziotis P, Rösch F. Old Drug, New Delivery Strategy: MMAE Repackaged. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108543. [PMID: 37239890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting therapy is a concept that has gained significant importance in recent years, especially in oncology. The severe dose-limiting side effects of chemotherapy necessitate the development of novel, efficient and tolerable therapy approaches. In this regard, the prostate specific membrane antigene (PSMA) has been well established as a molecular target for diagnosis of, as well as therapy for, prostate cancer. Although most PSMA-targeting ligands are radiopharmaceuticals used in imaging or radioligand therapy, this article evaluates a PSMA-targeting small molecule-drug conjugate, and, thus, addresses a hitherto little-explored field. PSMA binding affinity and cytotoxicity were determined in vitro using cell-based assays. Enzyme-specific cleavage of the active drug was quantified via an enzyme-based assay. Efficacy and tolerability in vivo were assessed using an LNCaP xenograft model. Histopathological characterization of the tumor in terms of apoptotic status and proliferation rate was carried out using caspase-3 and Ki67 staining. The binding affinity of the Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) conjugate was moderate, compared to the drug-free PSMA ligand. Cytotoxicity in vitro was in the nanomolar range. Both binding and cytotoxicity were found to be PSMA-specific. Additionally, complete MMAE release could be reached after incubation with cathepsin B. In vivo, the MMAE conjugate displayed good tolerability and dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. Immunohistochemical and histological studies revealed the antitumor effect of MMAE.VC.SA.617, resulting in the inhibition of proliferation and the enhancement of apoptosis. The developed MMAE conjugate showed good properties in vitro, as well as in vivo, and should, therefore, be considered a promising candidate for a translational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Lahnif
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilmann Grus
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Elisavet Deligianni
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Radiochemical Studies Laboratory, INRASTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Javed A, Özduman G, Altun S, Duran D, Yerli D, Özar T, Şimşek F, Sami Korkmaz K. Mitotic kinase inhibitors as Therapeutic Interventions for Prostate Cancer: Evidence from In vitro Studies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:EMIDDT-EPUB-129979. [PMID: 36872354 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230303092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the devastating diseases characterized by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled growth and metastasis of the cells of the prostate gland and affects men worldwide. Conventional hormonal and chemotherapeutic agents are effective in mitigating the disease if diagnosed at an early stage. All dividing eukaryotic cells require mitotic progression for the maintenance of genomic integrity in progeny populations. The protein kinases, upon activation and de-activation in an ordered fashion, lead to spatial and temporal regulation of the cell division process. The entry into mitosis along with the progression into sub-phases of mitosis is ensured due to the activity of mitotic kinases. These kinases include Polo-Like-Kinase 1 (PLK1), Aurora kinases, and Cyclin-Dependent-Kinase 1 (CDK1), among others. The mitotic kinases, among others, are usually overexpressed in many cancers and can be targeted using small molecule inhibitors to reduce the effects of these regulators on mechanisms, such as regulation of genomic integrity and mitotic fidelity. In this review, we attempted to discuss the appropriate functions of mitotic kinases revealed through cell culture studies and the impact of their respective inhibitors derived in pre-clinical studies. The review is designed to elucidate the growing field of small molecule inhibitors and their functional screening or mode of action at the cellular and molecular level in the context of Prostate Cancer. Therefore, studies performed specifically on cells of Prostatic-origin are narrated in this review, culminating in a comprehensive view of the specific field of mitotic kinases that can be targeted for therapy of Prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Javed
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülseren Özduman
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Altun
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Doğan Duran
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilan Yerli
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tilbe Özar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Faruk Şimşek
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Shareef ZA, Hachim MY, Talaat IM, Bhamidimarri PM, Ershaid MNA, Ilce BY, Venkatachalam T, Eltayeb A, Hamoudi R, Hachim IY. DKK3's protective role in prostate cancer is partly due to the modulation of immune-related pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:978236. [PMID: 36845147 PMCID: PMC9947504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.978236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is considered one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of death in men worldwide, prognostic stratification and treatment modalities are still limited for patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, the introduction of genomic profiling and the use of new techniques like next-generation sequencing (NGS) in many cancers provide novel tools for the discovery of new molecular targets that might improve our understanding of the genomic aberrations in PCa and the discovery of novel prognostic and therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms through which Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) produces its possible protective role in PCa using NGS in both the DKK3 overexpression PCa cell line (PC3) model and our patient cohort consisting of nine PCa and five benign prostatic hyperplasia. Interestingly, our results have shown that DKK3 transfection-modulated genes are involved in the regulation of cell motility, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and cytokine signaling in the immune system, as well as in the regulation of adaptive immune response. Further analysis of our NGS using our in vitro model revealed the presence of 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DKK3 transfected cells and PC3 empty vector. In addition, both CP and ACE2 genes were differentially expressed not only between the transfected and empty groups but also between the transfected and Mock cells. The top common DEGs between the DKK3 overexpression cell line and our patient cohort are the following: IL32, IRAK1, RIOK1, HIST1H2BB, SNORA31, AKR1B1, ACE2, and CP. The upregulated genes including IL32, HIST1H2BB, and SNORA31 showed tumor suppressor functions in various cancers including PCa. On the other hand, both IRAK1 and RIOK1 were downregulated and involved in tumor initiation, tumor progression, poor outcome, and radiotherapy resistance. Together, our results highlighted the possible role of the DKK3-related genes in protecting against PCa initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Nidal Asad Ershaid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Burcu Yener Ilce
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Eltayeb
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Evaluation of a Developed MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound System in 7 T Small Animal MRI and Proof-of-Concept in a Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model to Improve Radiation Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030481. [PMID: 36766824 PMCID: PMC9914251 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) can be used to physiologically change or destroy tissue in a non-invasive way. A few commercial systems have clinical approval for the thermal ablation of solid tumors for the treatment of neurological diseases and palliative pain management of bone metastases. However, the thermal effects of FUS are known to lead to various biological effects, such as inhibition of repair of DNA damage, reduction in tumor hypoxia, and induction of apoptosis. Here, we studied radiosensitization as a combination therapy of FUS and RT in a xenograft mouse model using newly developed MRI-compatible FUS equipment. Xenograft tumor-bearing mice were produced by subcutaneous injection of the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Animals were treated with FUS in 7 T MRI at 4.8 W/cm2 to reach ~45 °C and held for 30 min. The temperature was controlled via fiber optics and proton resonance frequency shift (PRF) MR thermometry in parallel. In the combination group, animals were treated with FUS followed by X-ray at a single dose of 10 Gy. The effects of FUS and RT were assessed via hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Tumor proliferation was detected by the immunohistochemistry of Ki67 and apoptosis was measured by a TUNEL assay. At 40 days follow-up, the impact of RT on cancer cells was significantly improved by FUS as demonstrated by a reduction in cell nucleoli from 189 to 237 compared to RT alone. Inhibition of tumor growth by 4.6 times was observed in vivo in the FUS + RT group (85.3%) in contrast to the tumor volume of 393% in the untreated control. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of combined MRI-guided FUS and RT for the treatment of prostate cancer in a xenograft mouse model and may provide a chance for less invasive cancer therapy through radiosensitization.
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16
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Heydari Z, Moudi E, Sadeghi F, Hajiahmadi M, Rezatabar S, Neamati N, Parsian H. Circulating plasma miR222-3P status and its potential diagnostic performance in prostate cancer. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3459. [PMID: 36279183 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies suggest that miR222-3p is dysregulated in prostate cancer (PC) cells and tissues, the possible changes in the level of miR222-3p in the plasma samples of PC patients remained unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the plasma miR222-3p expression level as a potential biomarker in PC, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy people. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 100 adult males (54 patients with PC, 27 patients with BPH and 19 healthy individuals) referred to our affiliated hospital. The expression level of miR222-3p was evaluated using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate miR222-3p diagnostic accuracy for discriminating between the PC, BPH and healthy individuals. RESULTS The expression level of miR222-3p was significantly higher in PC patients compared to healthy individuals as a fold change of 5.3 (p = 0.009), but not for BPH individuals. The diagnostic value of the plasma miR222-3p for discrimination of the PC patients from healthy individuals was reasonable [cut-off value (fold change relative to miR16-5p) = 1.69, area under the curve = 0.73, sensitivity = 0.75 and specificity = 0.74]. CONCLUSIONS Circulating plasma miR-222-3p significantly upregulated in PC patients, but not in BPH ones. Besides these preliminary results showed that miR222-3p has the potential to discriminate PC patients from healthy ones. Addittional studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Emadoddin Moudi
- Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol Univbersity of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hajiahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Setareh Rezatabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nahid Neamati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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17
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Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225595. [PMID: 36428686 PMCID: PMC9688370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As medical science and technology progress towards the era of "big data", a multi-dimensional dataset pertaining to medical diagnosis and treatment is becoming accessible for mathematical modelling. However, these datasets are frequently inconsistent, noisy, and often characterized by a significant degree of redundancy. Thus, extensive data processing is widely advised to clean the dataset before feeding it into the mathematical model. In this context, Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) and their types, are being used to produce a precise and cross-sectional illustration of clinical data. For prostate cancer patients, datasets derived from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), MRI-guided biopsies, genetic biomarkers, and the Gleason grading are primarily used for diagnosis, risk stratification, and patient monitoring. However, recording diagnoses and further stratifying risks based on such diagnostic data frequently involves much subjectivity. Thus, implementing an AI algorithm on a PC's diagnostic data can reduce the subjectivity of the process and assist in decision making. In addition, AI is used to cut down the processing time and help with early detection, which provides a superior outcome in critical cases of prostate cancer. Furthermore, this also facilitates offering the service at a lower cost by reducing the amount of human labor. Herein, the prime objective of this review is to provide a deep analysis encompassing the existing AI algorithms that are being deployed in the field of prostate cancer (PC) for diagnosis and treatment. Based on the available literature, AI-powered technology has the potential for extensive growth and penetration in PC diagnosis and treatment to ease and expedite the existing medical process.
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18
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Kandasamy S, Ramesh T, Gopalakrishnan AV. The Cellular and Molecular Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081370. [PMID: 36016257 PMCID: PMC9416492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent history, immunotherapy has become a viable cancer therapeutic option. However, over many years, its tenets have changed, and it now comprises a range of cancer-focused immunotherapies. Clinical trials are currently looking into monotherapies or combinations of medicines that include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), CART cells, DNA vaccines targeting viruses, and adoptive cellular therapy. According to ongoing studies, the discipline should progress by incorporating patient-tailored immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockers, other immunotherapeutic medications, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite significantly increasing morbidity, immunotherapy can intensify the therapeutic effect and enhance immune responses. The findings for the immunotherapy treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) are compiled in this study, showing that is possible to investigate the current state of immunotherapy, covering new findings, PCa treatment techniques, and research perspectives in the field’s unceasing evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
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19
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Mirzaei S, Paskeh MDA, Okina E, Gholami MH, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Kalu A, Zarrabi A, Nabavi N, Rabiee N, Sharifi E, Karimi-Maleh H, Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Molecular Landscape of LncRNAs in Prostate Cancer: A focus on pathways and therapeutic targets for intervention. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:214. [PMID: 35773731 PMCID: PMC9248128 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background One of the most malignant tumors in men is prostate cancer that is still incurable due to its heterogenous and progressive natures. Genetic and epigenetic changes play significant roles in its development. The RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length are known as lncRNAs and these epigenetic factors do not encode protein. They regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. LncRNAs play vital biological functions in cells and in pathological events, hence their expression undergoes dysregulation. Aim of review The role of epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer development are emphasized here. Therefore, lncRNAs were chosen for this purpose and their expression level and interaction with other signaling networks in prostate cancer progression were examined. Key scientific concepts of review The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in prostate cancer has been well-documented and progression rate of tumor cells are regulated via affecting STAT3, NF-κB, Wnt, PI3K/Akt and PTEN, among other molecular pathways. Furthermore, lncRNAs regulate radio-resistance and chemo-resistance features of prostate tumor cells. Overexpression of tumor-promoting lncRNAs such as HOXD-AS1 and CCAT1 can result in drug resistance. Besides, lncRNAs can induce immune evasion of prostate cancer via upregulating PD-1. Pharmacological compounds such as quercetin and curcumin have been applied for targeting lncRNAs. Furthermore, siRNA tool can reduce expression of lncRNAs thereby suppressing prostate cancer progression. Prognosis and diagnosis of prostate tumor at clinical course can be evaluated by lncRNAs. The expression level of exosomal lncRNAs such as lncRNA-p21 can be investigated in serum of prostate cancer patients as a reliable biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 180554, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azuma Kalu
- School of Life, Health & Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.,Pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 180554, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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20
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Yehya A, Ghamlouche F, Zahwe A, Zeid Y, Wakimian K, Mukherji D, Abou-Kheir W. Drug resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: an update on the status quo. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:667-690. [PMID: 36176747 PMCID: PMC9511807 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men globally. Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, a significant proportion of patients with high-risk localized disease and all patients with advanced disease at diagnosis will experience progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Multiple drugs are now approved as the standard of care treatments for patients with mCRPC that have been shown to prolong survival. Although the majority of patients will respond initially, primary and secondary resistance to these therapies make mCRPC an incurable disease. Several molecular mechanisms underlie the development of mCRPC, with the androgen receptor (AR) axis being the main driver as well as the key drug target. Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for discovering novel therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse the progression of the disease. In this review, we address the diverse mechanisms of drug resistance in mCRPC. In addition, we shed light on emerging targeted therapies currently being tested in clinical trials with promising potential to overcome mCRPC-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Yehya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Fatima Ghamlouche
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Amin Zahwe
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Yousef Zeid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Kevork Wakimian
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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21
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Tarrar TA, Anwar MY, Ali MA, Saeed M, Rehman S, Bajwa SF, Ayub T, Javid H, Ali R, Irshad A, Aiman W. Current Status of Monoclonal Antibodies-Based Therapies in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Cureus 2022; 14:e22942. [PMID: 35411277 PMCID: PMC8989703 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple patients with prostate cancer become resistant to castration therapies, which is termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Purpose The purpose of this review is to assess the status of efficacy (≥50% decline in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS)) and safety (grade 3-4 adverse effects) of monoclonal antibodies in CRPC. Data source We searched databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results Hazard ratios of PFS and OS were 0.77 (95% CI = 0.69-0.87, I2 = 53%) and 0.98 (95% CI = 0.86-1.11, I2 = 40%), respectively, in the favor of monoclonal antibodies as compared to placebo. Risk ratio (RR) of >50% decline in PSA was 1.99 (95% CI = 0.97-4.08, I2 = 53%) in favor of monoclonal antibodies. Pooled incidence of >50% decline in PSA levels was 15% (95% CI = 0.1-0.23, I2 = 83%), 29% (95% CI = 0.14-0.51, I2 = 93%), 63% (95% CI = 0.49-0.76, I2 = 77%), and 88% (95% CI = 0.81-0.93, I2 = 0%) in single, two, three, and four-drug regimens, respectively. Conclusion Monoclonal antibodies are well tolerated and showed better PFS as compared to placebo. However, OS was only improved with ipilimumab. Denosumab delayed skeletal-related adverse events as compared to zoledronic acid. More multicenter double-blind clinical trials may be needed to confirm these results.
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22
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Estrogen Receptors-Mediated Apoptosis in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031242. [PMID: 35163166 PMCID: PMC8835409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor(ER)-mediated mechanisms in many cancer cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogens can also induce apoptosis, activating different ER isoforms in cancer cells. It has been observed that E2/ERα complex activates multiple pathways involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptotic cascade prevention, while E2/ERβ complex in many cases directs the cells to apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of estrogen-induced tumor regression is not completely known. Nevertheless, ERs expression levels of specific splice variants and their cellular localization differentially affect outcome of estrogen-dependent tumors. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on ERs-mediated apoptosis that occurs in main hormone dependent-cancers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of ER-mediated cell death will be useful for the development of specific ligands capable of triggering apoptosis to counteract estrogen-dependent tumor growth.
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23
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van der Kamp J, Betten AW, Krabbenborg L. In their own words: A narrative analysis of illness memoirs written by men with prostate cancer. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2022; 44:236-252. [PMID: 34855224 PMCID: PMC9300072 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
By drawing on a narrative analysis of 11 autobiographical illness memoirs, this article investigates the complexities of what it means to live with prostate cancer over a period of time. Acknowledging how cancer disrupts everyday life, we focus on the day-to-day experiences and struggles that take place inside and outside the hospital. By building on illustrative quotes from the memoirs, we discuss different facets of cancer as a lived experience. Our findings show that men reconstruct their identity in the memoirs in response to the disruptive nature of cancer by including various identities from previous times. They describe a relationship with their cancer that is fluid and fitful and often depends on place, time and circumstances. We also found that the 'not knowing' of prostate cancer creates uncertainty, which can take different forms, transcends time and is shaped through medical technologies, continual testing and disagreeing doctors. Prostate cancer is often seen as easily treatable, but our findings call for a different way of looking at its impact. We argue that memoirs, written by men themselves, make it palpable what it means to live with cancer. As such, illness memoirs offer a way to advance our sociological understanding of cancer-as-a-lived experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill van der Kamp
- Institute for Science in SocietyRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Afke Wieke Betten
- Institute for Science in SocietyRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Krabbenborg
- Institute for Science in SocietyRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
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24
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Lübeck Christiansen R, Dysager L, Rønn Hansen C, Robenhagen Jensen H, Schytte T, Junker Nyborg C, Smedegaard Bertelsen A, Nielsen Agergaard S, Mahmood F, Hansen S, Hansen O, Brink C, Bernchou U. Online adaptive radiotherapy potentially reduces toxicity for high-risk prostate cancer treatment. Radiother Oncol 2021; 167:165-171. [PMID: 34923034 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE With daily, MR-guided online adapted radiotherapy (MRgART) it may be possible to reduce the PTV in pelvic RT. This study investigated the potential reduction in normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of MRgART compared to standard radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients treated with 78 Gy to the prostate and 56 Gy to elective pelvic lymph nodes were included. VMAT plans were generated with standard clinical PTV margins. Additionally to the planning MR, patients had three MRI scans during treatment to simulate an MRgART. A reference plan with PTV margins determined for MRgART was created per patient and adapted to each of the following MRs. Adapted plans were warped to the planning MR for dose accumulation. The standard plan was rigidly registered to each adaptation MR before it was warped to the planning MR for dose accumulation. Dosimetric impact was compared by DVH analysis and potential clinical effects were assessed by NTCP modeling. RESULTS MRgART yielded statistically significant lower doses for the bladder wall, rectum and peritoneal cavity, compared to the standard RT, which translated into reduced median risks of urine incontinence (ΔNTCP 2.8%), urine voiding pain (ΔNTCP 2.8%) and acute gastrointestinal toxicity (ΔNTCP 17.4%). Mean population accumulated doses were as good or better for all investigated OAR when planned for MRgART as standard RT. CONCLUSION Online adapted radiotherapy may reduce the dose to organs at risk in high-risk prostate cancer patients, due to reduced PTV margins. This potentially translates to significant reductions in the risks of acute and late adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Lübeck Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital.
| | - Lars Dysager
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital
| | - Christian Rønn Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital
| | | | - Tine Schytte
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Faisal Mahmood
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital
| | | | - Olfred Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital
| | - Carsten Brink
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital
| | - Uffe Bernchou
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark; Laboratory of Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital
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25
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Tamihardja J, Lutyj P, Kraft J, Lisowski D, Weick S, Flentje M, Polat B. Two-Weekly High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost After External Beam Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Outcome and Toxicity Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:764536. [PMID: 34900712 PMCID: PMC8660669 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.764536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evaluation of clinical outcome of two-weekly high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localized prostate cancer. Methods 338 patients with localized prostate cancer receiving definitive EBRT followed by a two-weekly high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost (HDR-BT boost) in the period of 2002 to 2019 were analyzed. EBRT, delivered in 46 Gy (DMean) in conventional fractionation, was followed by two fractions HDR-BT boost with 9 Gy (D90%) two and four weeks after EBRT. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was added in 176 (52.1%) patients. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was evaluated utilizing the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0) and biochemical failure was defined according to the Phoenix definition. Results Median follow-up was 101.8 months. 15 (4.4%)/115 (34.0%)/208 (61.5%) patients had low-/intermediate-/high-risk cancer according to the D`Amico risk classification. Estimated 5-year and 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) was 84.7% and 75.9% for all patients. The estimated 5-year bRFS was 93.3%, 93.4% and 79.5% for low-, intermediate- and high-risk disease, respectively. The estimated 10-year freedom from distant metastasis (FFM) and overall survival (OS) rates were 86.5% and 70.0%. Cumulative 5-year late GU toxicity and late GI toxicity grade ≥ 2 was observed in 19.3% and 5.0% of the patients, respectively. Cumulative 5-year late grade 3 GU/GI toxicity occurred in 3.6%/0.3%. Conclusions Two-weekly HDR-BT boost after EBRT for localized prostate cancer showed an excellent toxicity profile with low GU/GI toxicity rates and effective long-term biochemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Tamihardja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Lutyj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kraft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Lisowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Fraser B, Peters AE, Sutherland JM, Liang M, Rebourcet D, Nixon B, Aitken RJ. Biocompatible Nanomaterials as an Emerging Technology in Reproductive Health; a Focus on the Male. Front Physiol 2021; 12:753686. [PMID: 34858208 PMCID: PMC8632065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.753686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has confirmed that nanoparticle (NP) systems can enhance delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents as well as prevent potentially damaging systemic exposure to these agents by modifying the kinetics of their release. With a wide choice of NP materials possessing different properties and surface modification options with unique targeting agents, bespoke nanosystems have been developed for applications varying from cancer therapeutics and genetic modification to cell imaging. Although there remain many challenges for the clinical application of nanoparticles, including toxicity within the reproductive system, some of these may be overcome with the recent development of biodegradable nanoparticles that offer increased biocompatibility. In recognition of this potential, this review seeks to present recent NP research with a focus on the exciting possibilities posed by the application of biocompatible nanomaterials within the fields of male reproductive medicine, health, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fraser
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra E Peters
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessie M Sutherland
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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27
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Montiel Ishino FA, Odame EA, Villalobos K, Rowan C, Whiteside M, Mamudu H, Williams F. Sociodemographic and Geographic Disparities of Prostate Cancer Treatment Delay in Tennessee: A Population-Based Study. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211057990. [PMID: 34836465 PMCID: PMC8646205 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211057990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of social determinants of health, Appalachian residence, and prostate cancer treatment delay among Tennessee adults is relatively unknown. We used multivariate logistic regression on 2005–2015 Tennessee Cancer Registry data of adults aged ≥18 diagnosed with prostate cancer. The outcome of treatment delay was more than 90 days without surgical or nonsurgical intervention from date of diagnosis. Social determinants in the population-based registry were race (White, Black, Other) and marital status (single, married, divorced/separated, widow/widower). Tennessee residence was classified as Appalachian versus non-Appalachian (urban/rural). Covariates include age at diagnosis (18–54, 54–69, ≥70), health insurance type (none, public, private), derived staging of cancer (localized, regional, distant), and treatment type (non-surgical/surgical). We found that Black and divorced/separated patients had 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.42) and 15% (95% CI: 1.01–1.31) increased odds to delay prostate cancer treatment. Patients were at decreased odds of treatment delay when living in an Appalachian county, both urban (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.95) and rural (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.78–0.89), diagnosed at ≥70 (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.53–0.66), and received surgical intervention (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68–0.76). Our study was among the first to comprehensively examine prostate cancer treatment delay in Tennessee, and while we do not make clinical recommendations, there is a critical need to further explore the unique factors that may propagate disparities. Prostate cancer treatment delay in Black patients may be indicative of ongoing health and access disparities in Tennessee, which may further affect quality of life and survivorship among this racial group. Divorced/separated patients may need tailored interventions to improve social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Montiel Ishino
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Odame
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin Villalobos
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Claire Rowan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin Whiteside
- Tennessee Cancer Registry, Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hadii Mamudu
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Cholesterol-Based Nanovesicles Enhance the In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Ex Vivo Intestinal Absorption, and In Vivo Bioavailability of Flutamide. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111741. [PMID: 34834155 PMCID: PMC8623090 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical adverse effects and frequent administration, three times per day, limit the use of flutamide (FLT) as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, our research aimed to develop new cholesterol-based nanovesicles for delivering FLT to malignant cells in an endeavor to maximize its therapeutic efficacy and minimize undesired adverse effects. Draper–Lin small composite design was used to optimize the critical quality attributes of FLT-loaded niosomes and ensure the desired product quality. The influence of the selected four independent variables on mean particle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), drug entrapment efficiency (Y3), and the cumulative drug release after 24 h (Y4) was examined. The optimized nanovesicles were assessed for their in vitro cytotoxicity, ex-vivo absorption via freshly excised rabbit intestine as well as in vivo pharmacokinetics on male rats. TEM confirmed nanovescicles’ spherical shape with bilayer structure. Values of dependent variables were 748.6 nm, −48.60 mV, 72.8% and 72.2% for Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4, respectively. The optimized FLT-loaded niosomes exerted high cytotoxic efficacy against human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) with an IC50 value of 0.64 ± 0.04 µg/mL whilst, it was 1.88 ± 0.16 µg/mL for free FLT. Moreover, the IC50 values on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were 0.27 ± 0.07 µg/mL and 4.07 ± 0.74 µg/mL for FLT-loaded niosomes and free FLT, respectively. The permeation of the optimized FLT-loaded niosomes through the rabbit intestine showed an enhancement ratio of about 1.5 times that of the free FLT suspension. In vivo pharmacokinetic study displayed an improvement in oral bioavailability of the optimized niosomal formulation with AUC and Cmax values of 741.583 ± 33.557 μg/mL × min and 6.950 ± 0.45 μg/mL compared to 364.536 ± 45.215 μg/mL × min and 2.650 ± 0.55 μg/mL for the oral FLT suspension. With these promising findings, we conclude that encapsulation of FLT in cholesterol-loaded nanovesicles enhanced its anticancer activity and oral bioavailability which endorse its use in the management of prostate cancer.
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29
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Rii J, Sakamoto S, Sugiura M, Kanesaka M, Fujimoto A, Yamada Y, Maimaiti M, Ando K, Wakai K, Xu M, Imamura Y, Shindo N, Hirota T, Kaneda A, Kanai Y, Ikehara Y, Anzai N, Ichikawa T. Functional analysis of LAT3 in prostate cancer: Its downstream target and relationship with androgen receptor. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3871-3883. [PMID: 34050700 PMCID: PMC8409400 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
L‐type amino acid transporter 3 (LAT3, SLC43A1) is abundantly expressed in prostate cancer (PC) and is thought to play an essential role in PC progression through the cellular uptake of essential amino acids. Here, we analyzed the expression, function, and downstream target of LAT3 in PC. LAT3 was highly expressed in PC cells expressing androgen receptor (AR), and its expression was increased by dihydrotestosterone treatment and decreased by bicalutamide treatment. In chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of AR, binding of AR to the SLC43A1 region was increased by dihydrotestosterone stimulation. Knockdown of LAT3 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4EBP‐1. Separase (ESPL1) was identified as a downstream target of LAT3 by RNA sequencing analysis. In addition, immunostaining of prostatectomy specimens was performed. In the multivariate analysis, high expression of LAT3 was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio: 3.24; P = .0018). High LAT3 expression was correlated with the pathological T stage and a high International Society of Urological Pathology grade. In summary, our results suggest that LAT3 plays an important role in the progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junryo Rii
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manato Kanesaka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumu Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maihulan Maimaiti
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ando
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Wakai
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norihisa Shindo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Yang X, Yan J, Jiang Y, Wang Y. An immune-related model based on INHBA, JAG2 and CCL19 to predict the prognoses of colon cancer patients. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:299. [PMID: 34103052 PMCID: PMC8186192 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths and most common malignant tumors worldwide. Immune-related genes (IRGs) can predict prognoses of patients and the effects of immunotherapy. A series of colon cancer (CCa) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to provide a new perspective into this field. Methods Differential IRGs and IRGs with significant clinical outcomes (sIRGs) were calculated by the limma algorithm and univariate COX regression analysis. The potential molecular mechanisms of IRGs were detected by PPI, KEGG and GO analysis. Immune-related risk score model (IRRSM) was established based on multivariate COX regression analysis. Based on the median risk score of IRRSM, the high-risk group and low-risk group were distinguished. The expression levels of IHNBA and JAG2 and relationships between IHNBA and clinical features were verified by RT-qPCR. Results 6 differential sIRGs of patients with CCa were selected by univariate COX regression analysis. Based on the sIRGs (INHBA, JAG2 and CCL19), the IRRSM was established to predict survival probability of CCa patients and to explore the potential correlations with clinical features. Furthermore, IRRSM reflected the infiltration status of 22 types of immune cells. The expression levels of IHNBA and JAG2 were higher in CCa tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. The expression levels of IHNBA and JAG2 were increased in advanced T stages. Conclusion Our results illustrated that some sIRGs showed the latent value of predicting the prognoses of CCa patients and the clinical features. This study could provide a new insight for immune research and treatment strategies in CCa patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02000-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing, 401336, China.,Department of General Surgery, Hechuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing, 401336, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Road, Nanan District, Chongqing, 401336, China.
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Zhang X, Landgraf L, Bailis N, Unger M, Jochimsen TH, Melzer A. Image-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, A Novel Application for Interventional Nuclear Medicine? J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1181-1188. [PMID: 34088775 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.256230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been increasingly used in medicine over the past few decades, and several systems for such have become commercially available. HIFU has passed regulatory approval around the world for the ablation of various solid tumors, the treatment of neurologic diseases, and the palliative management of bone metastases. The mechanical and thermal effects of focused ultrasound provide a possibility for histotripsy, supportive radiation therapy, and targeted drug delivery. The integration of imaging modalities into HIFU systems allows for precise temperature monitoring and accurate treatment planning, increasing the safety and efficiency of treatment. Preclinical and clinical results have demonstrated the potential of image-guided HIFU to reduce adverse effects and increase the quality of life postoperatively. Interventional nuclear image-guided HIFU is an attractive noninvasive option for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Landgraf
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Bailis
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Unger
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thies H Jochimsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Andreas Melzer
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; .,Institute of Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
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Xue P, Yan M, Wang K, Gu J, Zhong B, Tu C. Up-Regulation of LINC00665 Facilitates the Malignant Progression of Prostate Cancer by Epigenetically Silencing KLF2 Through EZH2 and LSD1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:639060. [PMID: 34094920 PMCID: PMC8173224 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.639060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the function of LINC00665 on the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa), and the potential regulatory mechanisms were also investigated. The expression level of LINC00665 in 50 pairs of PCa tissues and adjacent ones was studied by qRT-PCR, and the associations between LINC00665 and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa patients were analyzed. Control group (sh-NC) and LINC00665 knock-down group (sh-LINC00665) were set in 22RV1 and DU145 cells, respectively. The biological functions of LINC00665 in PCa cell lines were assessed by CCK-8, EdU, Transwell assays, and the nude mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the tumorigenicity in vivo. In addition, qRT-PCR, Western Blot, RIP and ChIP assays were also used to determine the regulation mechanism of LINC00665 in PCa cell lines. In this study, our results showed that LINC00665 expression level in PCa cancer tissues was significantly up-regulated, compared with that in adjacent ones. Besides, similar results were found in PCa cell lines. Knock-down of LINC00665 significantly attenuated the proliferation and migration ability in 22RV1 and DU145 cells, compared to sh-NC. Mechanically, LINC00665 could interact with EZH2 and LSD1, recruiting them to KLF2 promoter region to inhibit its transcription. Moreover, the tumor-suppressive effects mediated by sh-LINC00665 were significantly reversed through the down-regulation of KLF2. Also, the suppression of LINC00665 impaired tumor growth of PCa in vivo. In summary, LINC00665 exerted the oncogenic functions in PCa cell lines by epigenetically silencing KLF2 expression by binding to EZH2 and LSD1, illuminating a novel mechanism of LINC00665 in the malignant progression of PCa and furnishing a prospective therapeutic biomarker to combat PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chuanquan Tu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
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Yan Y, Mao X, Zhang Q, Ye Y, Dai Y, Bao M, Zeng Y, Huang R, Mo Z. Molecular mechanisms, immune cell infiltration, and potential drugs for prostate cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:87-96. [PMID: 33780364 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms involved in the prostate cancer and their relationship with immune cell infiltration are not fully understood. The prostate cancer patients undergoing standard androgen deprivation therapy eventually develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for which there is no effective treatment currently available, and the hub genes involved in this process remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To study prostate cancer systematically and comprehensively. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of prostate cancer were screened in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Connectivity Map (Cmap) software was applied to discover potential treatment drugs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to obtained the hub genes, and the relationship between hub genes and immune cell infiltration was investigated. Next, RNAseq data of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer samples and CRPC samples obtained from TCGA database was further analyzed to identify DEGs. Finally, a PPI analysis was performed to obtain the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 319 DEGs were identified between prostate cancer samples and normal adjacent samples from TCGA database using comparative analysis. The KEGG pathway analysis showed significant correlations with drug metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and chemical carcinogenesis. AMACR, FOLH1 and NPY, three hub genes, were found to be upregulated. FOLH1 was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. FOLH1, AMACR, and NPY were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell infiltration. A total of 426 DEGs were identified from RNAseq data of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer samples and CRPC samples using further comparative analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed significant correlations with arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and metabolic pathways. The top 10 hub genes in PPI network were screened out, including PPARG, SREBF1, SCD, HMGCR, FASN, PTGS2, HMGCS2, SREBF2, FDFT1, and INSIG1. Among them, SCD and FASN are expected to be the potential therapeutic targets for CRPC. CONCLUSIONS AMACR, FOLH1 and NPY may be effective therapeutic targets and specific diagnostic markers for prostate cancer. AMACR, FOLH1, and NPY are also closely associated with immune cell infiltration in prostate cancer. Moreover, aminoglutethimide and resveratrol were found to be the promising drugs for treating prostate cancer. The progression of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to CRPC may be related to arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and other metabolic pathways. SCD and FASN are expected to be the potential therapeutic targets for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Yan
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingning Mao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengying Bao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Ding H, Ning Z, Ma H. Pelvic Plexus Block Versus Periprostatic Nerve Block for Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655906. [PMID: 34055622 PMCID: PMC8155474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To relieve prostate biopsy-related pain, various local anesthetic methods have been used. The best approach was periprostatic nerve block (PNB) in the past decade. Recently, pelvic plexus block (PPB) was employed to ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Compared with the PNB, the PPB may block a more extensive area. Therefore, PPB may be more effective in relieving prostate biopsy-related pain. However, several prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PPB and PNB drew conflicting conclusions, so we compared the difference of pain control between PPB and PNB for prostate biopsy. Methods The following databases were retrieved up to October 2020: PubMed, Chinese biomedicine literature database, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet databases, Wan fang databases and Google Scholar. Only the RCTs were included. The main outcome measures were Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and complications. The literature quality and extracted data were evaluated by two authors independently. The software Review Manager (version 5.3) was used to perform the data analysis that comparing the difference of VAS score and complications between PPB and PNB. Results After screening, six articles including 336 patients from PPB group and 337 patients from PNB group were performed meta-analysis in this study. The results showed that there were no significant difference of pain control in probe insertion and local anesthetic injection between PPB and PNB, while compared with PNB, patients with PPB experienced less pain during biopsy and 30 min after biopsy, respectively(MD = −0.57, 95% CI: −1.11 to −0.03, Z = 2.06, P = 0.04; MD = −0.21, 95% CI: −0.40 to −0.02, Z = 2.15, P = 0.03). In subgroup analysis, the pooled results showed that PPB was superior to PNB in 12-cores biopsy (pooled MD = −1.16, 95% CI: −1.61 to −0.71, P < 0.00001), and more than 40-ml prostate size, regardless of transrectal or transperineal prostate biopsy. The reported major complications were urinary retention, hematuria, infection and hemospermia. The pooled results showed that there were no obvious difference in complications between PPB group and PNB group. Conclusions Overall, this meta-analysis suggests that PPB provides safe and effective pain control of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, and PPB is superior to PNB. In future, it also needs more high quality, large samples RCTs to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongyun Ning
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Molecular Aspects and Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249511. [PMID: 33327545 PMCID: PMC7765031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone receptors (GnRH-R) mediate the activity of the hypothalamic decapeptide GnRH, thus playing a key role in the regulation of the reproductive axis. Early-stage prostate cancer (PCa) is dependent on serum androgen levels, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), based on GnRH agonists and antagonists, represents the standard therapeutic approach for PCa patients. Unfortunately, the tumor often progresses towards the more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage. GnRH receptors are also expressed in CRPC tissues, where their binding to both GnRH agonists and antagonists is associated with significant antiproliferative/proapoptotic, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects, mediated by the Gαi/cAMP signaling cascade. GnRH agonists and antagonists are now considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for CRPC patients with many clinical trials demonstrating that the combined use of these drugs with standard therapies (i.e., docetaxel, enzalutamide, abiraterone) significantly improves disease-free survival. In this context, GnRH-based bioconjugates (cytotoxic drugs covalently linked to a GnRH-based decapeptide) have been recently developed. The rationale of this treatment is that the GnRH peptide selectively binds to its receptors, delivering the cytotoxic drug to CRPC cells while sparing nontumor cells. Some of these compounds have already entered clinical trials.
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A solitary hypothalamic metastasis from prostatic cancer mimicking a giant thrombotic aneurysm and presenting with intraventricular hemorrhage and acute hydrocephalus: a case report. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7729140 DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high prevalence of prostate cancer, its brain parenchymal metastasis is not common and intracranial hemorrhage due to such a metastasis is even less common. This report presents a challenging case of solitary brain metastasis secondary to prostate cancer that gave rise to intraventricular hemorrhage and acute hydrocephalus mimicking a giant aneurysm. Case presentation A 77-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer, hypertension, and morbid obesity presented to the emergency room with a severe headache. He was afebrile with a blood pressure of 144/79 mmHg, alert, without any sign of sensory or motor deficit. Shortly after admission, he became unresponsive and was immediately intubated. His blood tests revealed hypernatremia at 154 mmol/L; otherwise, the lab data including the COVID-19 screening proved normal. The cerebral CT and MR images, with and without contrast, were interpreted as a giant thrombotic aneurysm extending to the suprasellar region by the emergency radiologist. Also, moderate intraventricular hemorrhage, acute hydrocephalus, and sub-ependymal interstitial edema were observed. Upon further evaluation of the images, the lesion was determined to be an exophytic hemorrhagic hypothalamic mass, and the subsequent biopsy was consistent with prostate cancer metastasis. Conclusions The exophytic hemorrhagic hypothalamic metastasis can mimic a ruptured aneurysm on imaging. Given the improved survival of patients with prostate cancer, radiologists may encounter such unusual cerebral metastases from prostate cancers more frequently in the future.
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Kaler J, Hussain A, Haque A, Naveed H, Patel S. A Comprehensive Review of Pharmaceutical and Surgical Interventions of Prostate Cancer. Cureus 2020; 12:e11617. [PMID: 33240734 PMCID: PMC7681941 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most common cause of death amongst men in the United States, prostate cancer is a type of cancer that is known to develop and originate in the prostate gland. The main function of the prostate gland is to produce seminal fluid in which the sperm bathes. The seminal fluids are necessary for allowing the sperm to move easily through the urethra and also allows successful fertilization by providing an alkaline environment for the sperm in the acidic nature of the vagina. The seminal vesicles are two smaller glands that are attached to either side of the prostate gland and in radical prostatectomies, can get removed. In the event that the seminal vesicles are removed during a radical prostatectomy, the individual is unable to produce any seminal fluids and thus, becoming infertile. Prostate cancer is most commonly seen in patients over the age of 66 years, however, in the presence of predisposing risk factors, may occur as early as in the late 40s. Certain risk factors may speed the presentation of prostate cancer in individuals and thus, mandatory screening is recommended around the age of 45. If no risk factors are present, screening is recommended to begin after the age of 50 years. Screening for prostate cancer is focused on looking for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a blood test, though this may not be the most reliable method. The method of diagnosis stems from further testing done following an abnormal PSA test. A digital rectal examination and ultrasonography may also be used to assist with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Though there are several different types of pharmaceutical interventions currently present in the eradication of prostate cancer, with androgen deprivation therapy being the most commonly used, surgical interventions may be utilized to completely resect cancer from an individual. Different radical prostatectomies are used; the appropriate approach utilized is dependent on the extensiveness of cancer and the type of cancer that is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasndeep Kaler
- Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Healthcare Administration, Franklin University, Columbus, USA
- Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Ayema Haque
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Hassan Naveed
- Internal Medicine, St. Matthew's University School of Medicine, Grand Cayman, CYM
| | - Sundip Patel
- Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, KNA
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Munteanu VC, Munteanu RA, Gulei D, Schitcu VH, Petrut B, Berindan Neagoe I, Achimas Cadariu P, Coman I. PSA Based Biomarkers, Imagistic Techniques and Combined Tests for a Better Diagnostic of Localized Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E806. [PMID: 33050493 PMCID: PMC7601671 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents the most encountered urinary malignancy in males over 50 years old, and the second most diagnosed after lung cancer globally. Digital rectal examination and prostatic specific antigen were the long-time standard tools for diagnosis but with a significant risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Magnetic resonance imaging recently entered the diagnosis process, but to this date, there is no specific biomarker that accurately indicates whether to proceed with the prostate biopsy. Research in this area has gone towards this direction, and recently, serum, urine, imagistic, tissue biomarkers, and Risk Calculators promise to help better diagnose and stratify prostate cancer. In order to eliminate the comorbidities that appear along with the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, there is a constant need to implement new diagnostic strategies. Important uro-oncology associations recommend the use of novel biomarkers in the grey area of prostate cancer, to better distinguish the next step in the diagnostic process. Although it is not that simple, they should be integrated according to the clinical policies, and it should be considered that statistical significance does not always equal clinical significance. In this review, we analyzed the contribution of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based biomarkers (PHI, PHID, 4Kscore, STHLM3), imagistic techniques (mp-MRI and mp-US), and combined tests in the early diagnosis process of localized prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.H.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Urology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Andrada Munteanu
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Vlad Horia Schitcu
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.H.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bogdan Petrut
- Department of Urology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.H.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Urology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Patriciu Achimas Cadariu
- Surgery Department, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Coman
- Department of Urology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Fan H, Hou J, Liu S, Xiao Z, Cui J. Long Non-Coding RNA DARS-AS1 Contributes to Prostate Cancer Progression Through Regulating the MicroRNA-628-5p/MTDH Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8363-8377. [PMID: 32982430 PMCID: PMC7490096 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s271021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose DARS antisense RNA 1 (DARS-AS1) is a long non-coding RNA that has been validated as a critical regulator in several human cancer types. Our study aimed to determine the expression profile of DARS-AS1 in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and cell lines. Functional experiments were conducted to explore the detailed roles of DARS-AS1 in regulating PCa carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the detailed mechanisms by which DARS-AS1 regulates the oncogenicity of PCa cells were uncovered. Methods Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze DARS-AS1 expression in PCa tissues and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, flow cytometry analyses, Transwell assays, and tumor xenograft experiments were conducted to determine the regulatory effects of DARS-AS1 knockdown on the malignant phenotype of PCa cells. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify putative microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting DARS-AS1, and the direct interaction between DARS-AS1 and miR-628-5p was verified using RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Results DARS-AS1 was highly expressed in PCa tissues and cell lines. In vitro functional experiments demonstrated that DARS-AS1 depletion suppressed PCa cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and restricted cell migration and invasion. In vivo studies revealed that the downregulation of DARS-AS1 inhibited PCa tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistic investigation verified that DARS-AS1 functioned as an endogenous miR-628-5p sponge in PCa cells and consequently promoted the expression of metadherin (MTDH). Furthermore, the involvement of miR-628-5p/MTDH axis in DARS-AS1-mediated regulatory actions in PCa cells was verified using rescue experiments. Conclusion DARS-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA in PCa by adsorbing miR-628-5p and thereby increasing the expression of MTDH, resulting in enhanced PCa progression. The identification of a novel DARS-AS1/miR-628-5p/MTDH regulatory network in PCa cells may offer a new theoretical basis for the development of promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Fan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Hou
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Qingdao Central Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqing Liu
- Department of Outpatient, Qingdao Special Service Sanatorium of PLA Navy, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuomin Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Jigang Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People's Republic of China
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