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Al Qutami F, AlHalabi W, Vijayakumar A, Rawat SS, Mossa AH, Jayakumar MN, Samreen B, Hachim MY. Characterizing the Inflammatory Profile of Neutrophil-Rich Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:747. [PMID: 38398138 PMCID: PMC10886617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancer in women in the United Arab Emirates. Immunogenic tumours, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), show increased neutrophil infiltration, which is associated with poor prognosis and limited efficacy of immunotherapy. This study aims to investigate in vitro the bidirectional effect of neutrophils on metastatic TNBC (MDA-MB-231) compared to less-metastatic luminal breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. We found that BC cells or their conditioned medium (CM) reduced the viability of neutrophil-like cells (HL60). This was supported by increased cellular stress and NETosis in differentiated HL60 cells (dHL60) upon exposure to MDA-MB-231 compared to MCF-7-CM using nucleic acid staining essays. Flow cytometry showed comparable expression of inflammatory markers by polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) when treated with MDA-MB-231-CM and standard polarizing cocktails. Furthermore, MDA-MB-231-CM triggered an inflammatory pattern with evidence of stronger adhesion (CD62L) and degranulation (CD11b and CD66b) phenotypes. The proinflammatory polarization of dHL60 by MDA-MB-231-CM was additionally confirmed by the elevated CD54 expression, myeloperoxidase, and CD11b protein levels, which matched an increased transwell migratory capacity. In conclusion, BC might use neutrophils to their benefit through NETosis and complement system activation, which makes this crosstalk a potential mechanism for understanding tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Al Qutami
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.); (W.A.); (A.V.); (S.S.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Walaa AlHalabi
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.); (W.A.); (A.V.); (S.S.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Aswathy Vijayakumar
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.); (W.A.); (A.V.); (S.S.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Surendra Singh Rawat
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.); (W.A.); (A.V.); (S.S.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Abubakr H. Mossa
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.H.M.); (M.N.J.)
| | - Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.H.M.); (M.N.J.)
| | - Baila Samreen
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.); (W.A.); (A.V.); (S.S.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.); (W.A.); (A.V.); (S.S.R.); (B.S.)
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Al Qutami F, Al Halabi W, Hachim MY. Identification of Breast Cancer LCK Proto-Oncogene as a Master Regulator of TNBC Neutrophil Enrichment and Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13269. [PMID: 37686072 PMCID: PMC10487917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in breast cancer shows that the N1 proinflammatory subtype can suppress and attack the tumor. In contrast, the N2 pro-tumor subtype aids the tumor in its survival, progression, and metastasis. Recently, more focus has been directed to the role of innate myeloid cells, specifically neutrophils, in regulating the responses of lymphoid populations both in the progression of cancer and in response to therapy. However, the exact crosstalk between breast cancer cells and neutrophils is poorly understood. In this work, we used in-silico assays to investigate the role of the bidirectional effect of neutrophils on metastatic TNBC. Our reanalysis of publicly available data reveals that most TNBC's classified within the CE2 subtype are leukocyte-poor and have four major cell types in their ecotypes: dendritic cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. Further immune deconvolution of these patients revealed that a few cells significantly differed between groups, including macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells. All BC showed lower infiltrating neutrophils compared to healthy surrounding tissue. Treated TNBCs improved the count of infiltrating neutrophils in TNBC. Most TNBC patients have a unique CE2 ecotype, characterized by more basal-like epithelial cells, more neutrophils, and fewer mononuclear lymphocytes (B cells, macrophages M1, T cell CD4+ (non-regulatory), and T cell CD8+ and T regs). This can be related to our finding that CE2 TNBCs are characterized by a lower LCK and higher ERBB2, and their top DEGs are related to leukocyte activation and NFKB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (F.A.Q.)
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Al-Rawi NH, Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Salmeh A, Uthman AT, Marei H. Anatomical landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A single cancer center study in UAE. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15884. [PMID: 37206025 PMCID: PMC10189390 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to present demographic and clinicopathological aspects of OSCC identified in Pathology service in the UAE over a 13-year period and compare these findings to a cohort of 523 cases of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the Cancer Genome Atlas's cBioPortal database (http://cbioportal.org). Material and methods Histological examination of all hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides and assessment of all demographic and clinical information from laboratory records were performed on all OSCC diagnosed between 2005 and 2018. Results Males made up 71.4% of the sample of 231 OSCCs that were evaluated. The patients' average age was 55.38 years. The two most prevalent afflicted sites were the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (57.6%) and the cheek (28.1%). The most prevalent site among smokers were the floor of mouth, cheek, and jaw bones. There was a link between tumor size and numerous anatomical subsites that was shown to be highly significant. OSCC in the FOM was associated with a 25% mortality rate. Patients with OSCC of the anterior tongue and cheek had the best prognosis, with only 15.7% and 15.3% of patients dying during follow-up. Conclusion The present investigation found a correlation between the diverse clinicopathological characteristics of the various anatomical subsites in OSCC. Different anatomical subsites also displayed varying degrees of gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer H. Al-Rawi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Corresponding author. Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Asmaa T. Uthman
- College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hesham Marei
- College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Shareef ZA, Hachim MY, Talaat IM, Bhamidimarri PM, Ershaid MNA, Ilce BY, Venkatachalam T, Eltayeb A, Hamoudi R, Hachim IY. DKK3's protective role in prostate cancer is partly due to the modulation of immune-related pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:978236. [PMID: 36845147 PMCID: PMC9947504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.978236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is considered one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of death in men worldwide, prognostic stratification and treatment modalities are still limited for patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, the introduction of genomic profiling and the use of new techniques like next-generation sequencing (NGS) in many cancers provide novel tools for the discovery of new molecular targets that might improve our understanding of the genomic aberrations in PCa and the discovery of novel prognostic and therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms through which Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) produces its possible protective role in PCa using NGS in both the DKK3 overexpression PCa cell line (PC3) model and our patient cohort consisting of nine PCa and five benign prostatic hyperplasia. Interestingly, our results have shown that DKK3 transfection-modulated genes are involved in the regulation of cell motility, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and cytokine signaling in the immune system, as well as in the regulation of adaptive immune response. Further analysis of our NGS using our in vitro model revealed the presence of 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DKK3 transfected cells and PC3 empty vector. In addition, both CP and ACE2 genes were differentially expressed not only between the transfected and empty groups but also between the transfected and Mock cells. The top common DEGs between the DKK3 overexpression cell line and our patient cohort are the following: IL32, IRAK1, RIOK1, HIST1H2BB, SNORA31, AKR1B1, ACE2, and CP. The upregulated genes including IL32, HIST1H2BB, and SNORA31 showed tumor suppressor functions in various cancers including PCa. On the other hand, both IRAK1 and RIOK1 were downregulated and involved in tumor initiation, tumor progression, poor outcome, and radiotherapy resistance. Together, our results highlighted the possible role of the DKK3-related genes in protecting against PCa initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Nidal Asad Ershaid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Burcu Yener Ilce
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Eltayeb
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Tabbal M, Hachim MY, Jan RK, Adrian TE. Using publicly available datasets to identify population-based transcriptomic landscape contributing to the aggressiveness of breast cancer in young women. Front Genet 2023; 13:1039037. [PMID: 36685821 PMCID: PMC9845274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1039037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although the risk of breast cancer increases with advancing age, some regions have larger number of young breast cancer patients (≤45 years-old), such as the Middle East, Eastern Asia, and North Africa, with more aggressive and poorly differentiated tumors. We aimed to conduct an in-silico analysis in an attempt to understand the aggressive nature of early-onset breast cancer, and to identify potential drivers of early-onset breast cancer using gene expression profiling datasets in a population-dependent manner. Methods: Functional genomics experiments data were acquired from cBioPortal database for cancer genomics, followed by the stratification of patients based on the age at representation of breast cancer and race. Differential gene expression analysis and gene amplification status analysis were carried out, followed by hub gene, transcription factor, and signalling pathway identification. Results: PAM50 subtype analysis revealed that young patients (≤45 years-old) had four-fold more basal tumors and worst progression-free survival (median of 101 months), compared with the 45-65 years group (median of 168 months). Fourteen genes were amplified in more than 14% of patients with an early-onset breast cancer. Interestingly, FREM2, LINC00332, and LINC00366 were exclusively amplified in younger patients. Gene expression data from three different populations (Asian, White, and African) revealed a unique transcriptomic profile of young patients, which was also reflected on the PAM50 subtype analysis. Our data indicates a higher tendency of young African patients to develop basal tumors, while young Asian patients are more prone to developing Luminal A tumors. Most genes that were found to be upregulated in younger patients are involved in important signaling pathways that promote cancer progression and metastasis, such as MAPK pathway, Reelin pathway and the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence that the molecular profile of tumors derived from young breast cancer patients of different populations is unique and may explain the aggressiveness of these tumors, stressing the need to conduct population- based multi-omic analyses to identify the potential drivers for tumorigenesis and molecular profiles of young breast cancer patients.
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Hachim IY, Villatoro M, Canaff L, Hachim MY, Boudreault J, Haiub H, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. Author Correction: Transforming Growth Factor-beta Regulation of Ephrin Type-A Receptor 4 Signaling in Breast Cancer Cellular Migration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21613. [PMID: 36517495 PMCID: PMC9750963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Manuel Villatoro
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Lucie Canaff
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada ,grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Julien Boudreault
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Halema Haiub
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
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Ramakrishnan RK, Bajbouj K, Guimei M, Rawat SS, Kalaji Z, Hachim MY, Mahboub B, Ibrahim SM, Hamoudi R, Halwani R, Hamid Q. Bcl10 Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pro-Fibrotic Signaling in Bronchial Fibroblasts from Severe Asthma Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071716. [PMID: 35885021 PMCID: PMC9312497 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subepithelial fibrosis is a characteristic hallmark of airway remodeling in asthma. Current asthma medications have limited efficacy in treating fibrosis, particularly in patients with severe asthma, necessitating a deeper understanding of the fibrotic mechanisms. The NF-κB pathway is key to airway inflammation in asthma, as it regulates the activity of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to airway pathology. Bcl10 is a well-known upstream mediator of the NF-κB pathway that has been linked to fibrosis in other disease models. Therefore, we investigated Bcl10-mediated NF-κB activation as a potential pathway regulating fibrotic signaling in severe asthmatic fibroblasts. We demonstrate here the elevated protein expression of Bcl10 in bronchial fibroblasts and bronchial biopsies from severe asthmatic patients when compared to non-asthmatic individuals. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the increased expression of the pro-fibrotic cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β1 in bronchial fibroblasts, and this induction was associated with the activation of Bcl10. Inhibition of the Bcl10-mediated NF-κB pathway using an IRAK1/4 selective inhibitor abrogated the pro-fibrotic signaling induced by LPS. Thus, our study indicates that Bcl10-mediated NF-κB activation signals increased pro-fibrotic cytokine expression in severe asthmatic airways. This reveals the therapeutic potential of targeting Bcl10 signaling in ameliorating inflammation and fibrosis, particularly in severe asthmatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Maha Guimei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Surendra Singh Rawat
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.R.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Zaina Kalaji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.R.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
- Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai P.O. Box 4545, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (R.H.); (Q.H.)
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
- Immunology Research Lab, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (R.H.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.K.R.); (K.B.); (Z.K.); (B.M.); (S.M.I.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (R.H.); (Q.H.)
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Ali Alghamdi M, Benabdelkamel H, Masood A, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Hachim MY, Alsheikh H, Hamad MH, Salih MA, Bashiri FA, Alhasan K, Kashour T, Guatibonza Moreno P, Schröder S, Karageorgou V, Bertoli-Avella AM, Alkhalidi H, Jamjoom DZ, Alorainy IA, Alfadda AA, Halwani R. Genomic, Proteomic, and Phenotypic Spectrum of Novel O-Sialoglycoprotein Endopeptidase Variant in Four Affected Individuals With Galloway-Mowat Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:806190. [PMID: 35812735 PMCID: PMC9259880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.806190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a unique combination of renal and neurological manifestations, including early-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, microcephaly, psychomotor delay, and gyral abnormalities of the brain. Most patients die during early childhood. Here, we identified a novel homozygous O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (OSGEP) variant, NM_017807.3:c.973C>G (p.Arg325Gly), in four affected individuals in an extended consanguineous family from Saudi Arabia. We have described the detailed clinical characterization, brain imaging results, and muscle biopsy findings. The described phenotype varied from embryonic lethality to early pregnancy loss or death at the age of 9. Renal disease is often the cause of death. Protein modeling of this OSGEP variant confirmed its pathogenicity. In addition, proteomic analysis of the affected patients proposed a link between the KEOPS complex function and human pathology and suggested potential pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Ali Alghamdi
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Malak Ali Alghamdi,
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Alsheikh
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir H. Hamad
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A. Salih
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Bashiri
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nephology Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Kidney Transplant Division,Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Kashour
- Cardiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Hisham Alkhalidi
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dima Z. Jamjoom
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alorainy
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Hamad M, Mohammed AK, Hachim MY, Mukhopadhy D, Khalique A, Laham A, Dhaiban S, Bajbouj K, Taneera J. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) and inhibitor of differentiation proteins (ID1, ID3) are key response mechanisms against iron-overload in pancreatic β-cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111462. [PMID: 34547407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pancreatic β-cells can counter oxidative stress through multiple anti-oxidant responses. Herein, RNA-sequencing was used to describe the expression profile of iron regulatory genes in human islets with or without diabetes. Functional experiments including siRNA silencing, qPCR, western blotting, cell viability, ELISA and RNA-sequencing were performed as means of identifying the genetic signature of the protective response following iron overload-induced stress in human islets and INS-1. FTH1 and FTL genes were highly expressed in human islets and INS-1 cells, while hepcidin (HAMP) was low. FXN, DMT1 and FTHL1 genes were differentially expressed in diabetic islets compared to control. Silencing of Hamp in INS-1 cells impaired insulin secretion and influenced the expression of β-cell key genes. RNA-sequencing analysis in iron overloaded INS-1 cells identified Id1 and Id3 as the top down-regulated genes, while Hmox1 was the top upregulated. Expression of ID1, ID3 and HMOX1 was validated at the protein level in INS-1 cells and human islets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched for TGF-β, regulating stem cells, ferroptosis, and HIF-1 signaling. Hmox1-silenced cells treated with FAC elevated the expression of Id1 and Id3 expression than untreated cells. Our findings suggest that HMOX1, ID1 and ID3 define the response mechanism against iron-overload-induced stress in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawieh Hamad
- Department of Medical Lab. Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Debasmita Mukhopadhy
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anila Khalique
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amina Laham
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Dhaiban
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Talaat IM, López-Ozuna VM, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Al Heialy S, Halwani R, Hamid Q. The Molecular Basis of Gender Variations in Mortality Rates Associated With the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:728409. [PMID: 34604307 PMCID: PMC8484873 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.728409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the end of 2019, the clinical presentation of the disease showed a great heterogeneity with a diverse impact among different subpopulations. Emerging evidence from different parts of the world showed that male patients usually had a longer disease course as well as worse outcome compared to female patients. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind this difference might be a fundamental step for more effective and personalized response to this disease outbreak. For that reason, here we investigate the molecular basis of gender variations in mortality rates related to COVID-19 infection. To achieve this, we used publicly available lung transcriptomic data from 141 females and compare it to 286 male lung tissues. After excluding Y specific genes, our results showed a shortlist of 73 genes that are differentially expressed between the two groups. Further analysis using pathway enrichment analysis revealed downregulation of a group of genes that are involved in the regulation of hydrolase activity including (CHM, DDX3X, FGFR3, SFRP2, and NLRP2) in males lungs compared to females. This pathway is believed to be essential for immune response and antimicrobial activity in the lung tissues. In contrast, our results showed an increased upregulation of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that plays a role in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity modulation in male lungs compared to females. Finally, our results showed a differential expression of genes involved in the immune response including the NLRP2 and PTGDR2 in lung tissues of both genders, further supporting the notion of the sex-based immunological differences. Taken together, our results provide an initial evidence of the molecular mechanisms that might be involved in the differential outcomes observed in both genders during the COVID-19 outbreak. This maybe essential for the discovery of new targets and more precise therapeutic options to treat COVID-19 patients from different clinical and epidemiological characteristics with the aim of improving their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Mamdouh Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Woman's Breast Health Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Zaher DM, Talaat IM, Hussein A, Hachim MY, Omar HA. Differential expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1A and its inactive phosphorylated form among breast cancer subtypes. Life Sci 2021; 284:119885. [PMID: 34384830 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1A (PDH-E1A) is one of the key regulators of metabolic pathways that determines pyruvate entry into the citric acid cycle or glycolysis. When PDH-E1A is phosphorylated (P-PDH-E1A), it loses its activity, shifting the metabolism towards glycolysis. Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease by which different breast cancer subtypes acquire distinct metabolic profiles. Assessing PDH-E1A and P-PDH-E1A expressions among BC subtypes might reveal their association with the distinct molecular profiles of BCs. METHODS The expressions of PDH-E1A and P-PDH-E1A were investigated in BC cell lines and 115 BC tissues using Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Besides, PDHE1A mRNA expression was assessed in 1084 BCE patients' transcriptomics data retrieved from Cancer Genome Atlas database. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the correlation of PDH-E1A and P-PDH-E1A expressions with patients' clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate their prognostic value. KEY FINDINGS Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between PDH-E1A/P-PDH-E1A expressions and the molecular subtype, histological type, and tumor size of breast cancer tissues. The hormonal receptors (ER and PR), HER-2, and Ki67 protein expressions were significantly associated with PDH-E1A and P-PDH-E1A protein expressions. Similar findings were observed when PDHA1 mRNA expression was assessed. The increased protein expression of PDH-E1A could be an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable overall survival (OS). In contrast, high PDHA1 mRNA expression had better OS. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed the differential expression of PDH-E1A and P-PDH-E1A among breast cancer subtypes and suggested PDH-E1A expression as a prognostic factor for BC patients' OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M Talaat
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Amal Hussein
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
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12
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López-Ozuna VM, Kogan L, Hachim MY, Matanes E, Hachim IY, Mitric C, Kiow LLC, Lau S, Salvador S, Yasmeen A, Gotlieb WH. Identification of Predictive Biomarkers for Lymph Node Involvement in Obese Women With Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695404. [PMID: 34307159 PMCID: PMC8292832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, an established risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), is also associated to increased risks of intraoperative and postoperative complications. A reliable tool to identify patients at low risk for lymph node (LN) metastasis may allow minimizing the surgical staging and omit lymphadenectomy in obese patients. To identify molecular biomarkers that could predict LN involvement in obese patients with EC we performed gene expression analysis in 549 EC patients using publicly available transcriptomic datasets. Patients were filtrated according to cancer subtype, weight (>30 kg/m2) and LN status. While in the LN+ group, NEB, ANK1, AMIGO2, LZTS1, FKBP5, CHGA, USP32P1, CLIC6, CEMIP, HMCN1 and TNFRSF10C genes were highly expressed; in the LN- group CXCL14, FCN1, EPHX3, DDX11L2, TMEM254, RNF207, LTK, RPL36A, HGAL, B4GALNT4, KLRG1 genes were up-regulated. As a second step, we investigated these genes in our patient cohort of 35 patients (15 LN+ and 20 LN-) and found the same correlation with the in-silico analysis. In addition, immunohistochemical expression was confirmed in the tumor tissue. Altogether, our findings propose a novel panel of genes able to predict LN involvement in obese patients with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liron Kogan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, affiliated with Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emad Matanes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cristina Mitric
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lauren Liu Chen Kiow
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susie Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shannon Salvador
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Al-Ani M, Elemam NM, Hachim IY, Raju TK, Muhammad JS, Hachim MY, Bendardaf R, Maghazachi AA. Molecular Examination of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Brains of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice Post Herceptin Treatment. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2601-2617. [PMID: 34168483 PMCID: PMC8216756 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s310535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Herceptin (trastuzumab) is an approved drug for treating HER2+ breast cancer patients, but its use for other diseases is not established. We sought to investigate the effects of Herceptin on ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to examine its effects on the expression of various genes. Methods We used in-silico analysis of publicly available data, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the expression of HER2+ cells in the brains of EAE mice. IHC was also utilized to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Herceptin. The ability of Herceptin to alleviate the EAE clinical score was measured in these mice. Bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the differentially expressed genes that were either up-regulated or down-regulated during the high clinical score (HCS) of the disease. Results We observed that HER2/Erbb2, the receptor for Herceptin is upregulated in the brains of EAE mice when the brains were examined at the HCS stage. Further, we demonstrated that Herceptin ameliorates the EAE disease, increasing re-myelination, reducing brain inflammation, CD3+ T cell accumulation, and HER2+ cells in the brains of these mice. Molecular analysis demonstrated the expression of different genes that were either up-regulated or down-regulated during the HCS of the disease. Our combined bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analyses show increased mRNA expression of Atp6v0d2, C3, C3ar1, Ccl3, Ccl6, Cd74, Clec7a, Cybb, H2-Aa, Hspb1, Lilr4b, Lilrb4a, Mpeg1, Ms4a4a, Ms4a6c, Saa3, Serpina3n and Timp1, at HCS. Except for the mRNA levels of Cd74 and Clec7a which were increased at HCS when Herceptin was used in both prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, the levels of other described mRNAs were reduced. Conclusion These novel findings show that Herceptin ameliorates the clinical score in EAE mice and are the first to investigate in detail the differential gene expression post-treatment with the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Al-Ani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,The Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,The Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tom K Raju
- The Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,The Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riyad Bendardaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,The Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Ramadan WS, Talaat IM, Hachim MY, Lischka A, Gemoll T, El-Awady R. The impact of CBP expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:72. [PMID: 33827682 PMCID: PMC8028106 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of new biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic prominence will greatly enhance the management of breast cancer (BC). Several reports suggest the involvement of the histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein (CBP) and general control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) in tumor formation; however, their clinical significance in BC remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the value of CBP and GCN5 as markers and/or targets for BC prognosis and therapy. Expression of CBP, GCN5, estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in BC was analyzed in cell lines by western blot and in patients’ tissues by immunohistochemistry. The gene amplification data were also analyzed for CBP and GCN5 using the publicly available data from BC patients. Results Elevated expression of CBP and GCN5 was detected in BC tissues from patients and cell lines more than normal ones. In particular, CBP was more expressed in luminal A and B subtypes. Using chemical and biological inhibitors for CBP, ERα and HER2 showed a strong association between CBP and the expression of ERα and HER2. Moreover, analysis of the CREBBP (for CBP) and KAT2A (for GCN5) genes in a larger number of patients in publicly available databases showed amplification of both genes in BC patients. Amplification of CREBBP gene was observed in luminal A, luminal B and triple-negative but not in HER2 overexpressing subtypes. Furthermore, patients with high CREBBP or KAT2A gene expression had better 5-year disease-free survival than the low gene expression group (p = 0.0018 and p < 0.00001, respectively). Conclusions We conclude that the persistent amplification and overexpression of CBP in ERα- and PR-positive BC highlights the significance of CBP as a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in hormone-positive BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01060-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M Talaat
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annette Lischka
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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15
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Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Naeem KB, Hannawi H, Al Salmi I, Al-Zakwani I, Hannawi S. Kidney Dysfunction among COVID-19 Patients in the United Arab Emirates. Oman Med J 2021; 36:e221. [PMID: 33585042 PMCID: PMC7868039 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among patients with COVID-19 and to examine its correlation with different demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Methods This study examined patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and enrolled at Al Kuwait Hospital, Dubai, UAE. eGFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, 186 × (SCr mg/dL)-1.154 × (age)-0203 × 0.742 [if female] × 1.212 [if black], and compared for 250 COVID-19 cases and 153 non-COVID-19 controls. Analysis were performed using univariate statistics. Results The overall mean age of the cohort was 47.2±14.0 years, and 54.6% (n = 220) were males. The results showed that 45.3% of COVID-19 patients had mild-severe renal impairment, as reflected in the eGFR. When compared to patients with normal eGFR, those with severe renal impairment were older (62.5 vs. 40.2 years; p < 0.001), more likely to be male (100% vs. 71.1%; p = 0.016), and have comorbidities (90.9% vs. 40.0%; p < 0.001) including diabetes mellitus (72.7% vs. 21.5%; p < 0.001) and hypertension (72.7% vs. 25.2%; p = 0.003). They were also more likely to be associated with those that had severe (36.4% vs. 25.9%; p < 0.001) and critical (63.6% vs. 16.3%; p < 0.001) COVID-19 infection as well as intensive care unit admission (72.7% vs. 16.3%; p < 0.001). Correlational analysis showed a significant association between renal function indicators and different laboratory markers, including hematological indices and different liver enzymes. Conclusions This is the first study to examine the renal function among COVID-19 cases in the Middle East. Nearly half of COVID-19 patients had moderate to severe renal impairment. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common underlying comorbidities associated with moderate-severe renal function impairment among COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Haifa Hannawi
- Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.,Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Zakwani
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
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16
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Hannawi S, Hannawi H, Naeem KB, Elemam NM, Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Darwish AS, Al Salmi I. Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Hospitalized Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Case Series Study From the First COVID-19 Center in the UAE. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:632965. [PMID: 33718282 PMCID: PMC7952884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.632965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is raising with a second wave threatening many countries. Therefore, it is important to understand COVID-19 characteristics across different countries. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 525 hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients, from the central federal hospital in Dubai-UAE during period of March to August 2020. RESULTS UAE's COVID-19 patients were relatively young; mean (SD) of the age 49(15) years, 130 (25%) were older than 60 and 4 (<1%) were younger than 18 years old. Majority were male(47; 78%). The mean (SD) BMI was 29 (6) kg/m2. While the source of contracting COVID-19 was not known in 369 (70%) of patients, 29 (6%) reported travel to overseas-country and 127 (24%) reported contact with another COVID-19 case/s. At least one comorbidity was present in 284 (54%) of patients and 241 (46%) had none. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (177; 34%) and hypertension (166; 32%). The mean (SD) of symptoms duration was 6 (3) days. The most common symptoms at hospitalization were fever (340; 65%), cough (296; 56%), and shortness of breath (SOB) (243; 46%). Most of the laboratory values were within normal range, but (184; 35%) of patients had lymphopenia, 43 (8%) had neutrophilia, and 116 (22%) had prolong international normalized ratio (INR), and 317 (60%) had high D-dimer. Chest x ray findings of consolidation was present in 334 (64%) of patients and CT scan ground glass appearance was present in 354 (68%). Acute cardiac injury occurred in 124 (24%), acute kidney injury in 111 (21%), liver injury in 101 (19%), ARDS in 155 (30%), acidosis in 118 (22%), and septic shock in 93 (18%). Consequently, 150 (29%) required ICU admission with 103 (20%) needed mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the special profile of COVID-19 in UAE. Patients were young with diabetes and/or hypertension and associated with severe infection as shown by various clinical and laboratory data necessitating ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Hannawi
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haifa Hannawi
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reserach, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kashif Bin Naeem
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Issa Al Salmi
- Department of Medicine, Oman Medical Specialty Board, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- The Research Section, Oman Medical Speciality Board, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Ramakrishnan RK, Bajbouj K, Hachim MY, Mogas AK, Mahboub B, Olivenstein R, Hamoudi R, Halwani R, Hamid Q. Enhanced mitophagy in bronchial fibroblasts from severe asthmatic patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242695. [PMID: 33253229 PMCID: PMC7704010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-epithelial fibrosis is a characteristic feature of airway remodeling in asthma which correlates with disease severity. Current asthma medications are ineffective in treating fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mitochondrial phenotype in fibroblasts isolated from airway biopsies of non-asthmatic and severe asthmatic subjects by examining mitophagy as a mechanism contributing to fibroblast persistence and thereby, fibrosis in severe asthma. Methods Bioinformatics analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data was performed to identify the top enriched pathways in asthmatic fibroblasts. Endogenous expression of mitophagy markers in severe asthmatic and non-asthmatic fibroblasts was determined using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. Mitophagy flux was examined by using lysosomal protease inhibitors, E64d and pepstatin A. Mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity were also evaluated using JC-1 assay and MTT assay, respectively. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed the enrichment of Pink/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in asthmatic fibroblasts compared to healthy controls. In severe asthmatic fibroblasts, the differential expression of mitophagy genes, PINK1 and PRKN, was accompanied by the accumulation of PINK1, Parkin and other mitophagy proteins at baseline. The further accumulation of endogenous LC3BII, p62 and PINK1 in the presence of E64d and pepstatin A in severe asthmatic fibroblasts reinforced their enhanced mitophagy flux. Significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity were also demonstrated at baseline confirming the impairment in mitochondrial function in severe asthmatic fibroblasts. Interestingly, these fibroblasts displayed neither an apoptotic nor senescent phenotype but a pro-fibrotic phenotype with an adaptive survival mechanism triggered by increased AMPKα phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusions Our results demonstrated a role for mitophagy in the pathogenesis of severe asthma where the enhanced turnover of damaged mitochondria may contribute to fibrosis in severe asthma by promoting the persistence and pro-fibrotic phenotype of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrea K. Mogas
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rifat Hamoudi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Naeem KB, Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Chkhis A, Quadros R, Hannawi H, Al Salmi I, Alokaily F, Hannawi S. Acute cardiac injury is associated with adverse outcomes, including mortality in COVID-19 patients. A single-center experience. Saudi Med J 2020; 41:1204-1210. [PMID: 33130840 PMCID: PMC7804230 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.11.25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate acute cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients and its association with adverse outcomes including mortality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population. METHODS A retrospective study conducted between February and June 2020 in Dubai, UAE, for all laboratory-confirmed Coronavirus disease-19 patients. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without acute cardiac injury. RESULTS During the study period, 203 patients were included, of which, 44 (21.7%) had evidence of acute cardiac injury. Compared with patients without acute cardiac injury, patients with acute cardiac injury were: older, had more shortness of breath, diabetes, hypertension, and more bilateral airspace shadowing on admission chest radiography. These patients also had a higher neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimers and lactate dehydrogenase but lower lymphocyte count. Regarding outcomes, these patients had higher intensive care admissions; a higher rate of complications including acute kidney and liver injury, acidosis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, needed more mechanical ventilation, and had a significantly higher risk of death. CONCLUSION Acute cardiac injury is common among Coronavirus disease-19 patients. These patients present with higher comorbidities, have high inflammatory markers and have greater risk for in-hospital multi-organ damage, need for mechanical ventilation, and death. Prompt full assessment and intervention are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif B Naeem
- Ministry of Health and Prevention, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. E-mail.
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19
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Al-Rawi NH, Al-Marzooq F, Al-Nuaimi AS, Hachim MY, Hamoudi R. Salivary microRNA 155, 146a/b and 203: A pilot study for potentially non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237004. [PMID: 32756589 PMCID: PMC7406085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) plays substantial role in the initiation and progression of both diabetes and periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to validate four miRNAs in saliva as potential predictive biomarkers of periodontal disease among patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). MiRNAs were extracted from the saliva of 24 adult subjects with DM and 29 healthy controls. Each group was subdivided into periodontally healthy or having periodontitis. In silico analysis identified 4 miRNAs (miRNA 155, 146 a/b and 203) as immune modulators. The expression of miRNAs-146a/b, 155, and 203 was tested using quantitative PCR. The expression levels in the study groups were compared to explore the effect of diabetes on periodontal status and vice versa. In our cohort, the four miRNAs expression were higher in patients with periodontitis and/or diabetes. miRNA-155 was the most reliable predictors of periodontitis among non-diabetics with an optimum cut-off value of < 8.97 with accuracy = 82.6%. MiRNA 146a, on the other hand, was the only reliable predictor of periodontitis among subjects with diabetes with optimum cut-off value of ≥11.04 with accuracy = 86.1%. The results of the present study concluded that MiRNA-146a and miRNA155 in saliva provide reliable, non-invasive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that can be used to monitor periodontal health status among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer H. Al-Rawi
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Ramakrishnan RK, Bajbouj K, Al Heialy S, Mahboub B, Ansari AW, Hachim IY, Rawat S, Salameh L, Hachim MY, Olivenstein R, Halwani R, Hamoudi R, Hamid Q. IL-17 Induced Autophagy Regulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Fibrosis in Severe Asthmatic Bronchial Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1002. [PMID: 32670268 PMCID: PMC7326148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibroblasts, their synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their innate resistance to apoptosis are characteristics of subepithelial fibrosis observed in severe asthma. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is an important regulator of airway remodeling in asthma. However, the contribution of IL-17 to the pro-fibrotic phenotype of bronchial fibroblasts is not well-characterized. In this study, we investigated whether IL-17 induced autophagy regulates mitochondrial and pro-fibrotic function in bronchial fibroblasts. The primary cultured bronchial fibroblasts isolated from non-asthmatic (NHBF) and severe asthmatic (DHBF) subjects were treated with IL-17 in order to ascertain its effect on mitochondrial function, mitochondrial quality control, and apoptosis using immunoblotting and flow cytometric analyses. At baseline, DHBF exhibited higher levels of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis compared to NHBF. Immunohistochemical evaluation of bronchial biopsies showed intense PINK1 immunoreactivity in severe asthma than in control. IL-17 intensified the mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired the mitochondrial quality control machinery in NHBF and DHBF. Moreover, IL-17 augmented a pro-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic response in both group of fibroblasts. Inhibition of autophagy using bafilomycin-A1 reduced PINK1 expression in NHBF and restored the IL-17 mediated changes in PINK1 to their basal levels in DHBF. Bafilomycin-A1 also reversed the IL-17 associated fibrotic response in these fibroblasts, suggesting a role for IL-17 induced autophagy in the induction of fibrosis in bronchial fibroblasts. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-17 induced autophagy promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis in bronchial fibroblasts from both non-asthmatic and severe asthmatic subjects. Our study provides insights into the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy in ameliorating fibrosis, particularly in severe asthmatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Wahid Ansari
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Surendra Rawat
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laila Salameh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research - College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Hachim MY, Aljaibeji H, Hamoudi RA, Hachim IY, Elemam NM, Mohammed AK, Salehi A, Taneera J, Sulaiman N. An Integrative Phenotype-Genotype Approach Using Phenotypic Characteristics from the UAE National Diabetes Study Identifies HSD17B12 as a Candidate Gene for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040461. [PMID: 32340285 PMCID: PMC7230604 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB) has identified obesity, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and dyslipidemia as common phenotypic characteristics correlated with diabetes mellitus status. As these phenotypes are usually linked with genetic variants, we hypothesized that these phenotypes share single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-clusters that can be used to identify causal genes for diabetes. We explored the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies (NHGRI-EBI GWAS) to list SNPs with documented association with the UAEDIAB-phenotypes as well as diabetes. The shared chromosomal regions affected by SNPs were identified, intersected, and searched for Enriched Ontology Clustering. The potential SNP-clusters were validated using targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) in two Emirati diabetic patients. RNA sequencing from human pancreatic islets was used to study the expression of identified genes in diabetic and non-diabetic donors. Eight chromosomal regions containing 46 SNPs were identified in at least four out of the five UAEDIAB-phenotypes. A list of 34 genes was shown to be affected by those SNPs. Targeted NGS from two Emirati patients confirmed that the identified genes have similar SNP-clusters. ASAH1, LRP4, FES, and HSD17B12 genes showed the highest SNPs rate among the identified genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed high expression levels of HSD17B12 in human islets and to be upregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) donors. Our integrative phenotype-genotype approach is a novel, simple, and powerful tool to identify clinically relevant potential biomarkers in diabetes. HSD17B12 is a novel candidate gene for pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Hayat Aljaibeji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Rifat A. Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Islets Cell Pathology, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27273, UAE; (M.Y.H.); (H.A.); (R.A.H.); (N.M.E.); (A.K.M.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (N.S.)
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22
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Talaat IM, Ramadan WS, Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Yakout NS, AlNusairat DM, Abdel-Rahman WM. Differential Expression of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐1 Receptor in Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Marker of Early Metastasis in HER‐2 Subtype. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Al-Ani MR, Raju TK, Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Elemam NM, Guimei M, Bendardaf R, Maghazachi AA. Rituximab Prevents the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE): Comparison with Prophylactic, Therapeutic or Combinational Regimens. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:151-164. [PMID: 32214838 PMCID: PMC7082624 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s243514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate, in detail, the effects of rituximab (RTX), an off-label drug for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) disease on preventing and/or ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods Using bioinformatics analysis of publicly available transcriptomics data, we determined the accumulation of B cells, plasma cells and T cells in different compartments of multiple sclerosis patients (MS) and healthy individual brains. Based on these observations and on the literature search, we dosed RTX in EAE mice either orally, or injected intraperitoneally (IP). The latter route was used either prophylactically (asymptomatic stage; upon the induction of the disease), or therapeutically (acute stage; upon the appearance of the first sign of the disease). Further, we used RTX as a preventive drug either as a single agent or in combination with other routes of administration. Results Because no complete recovery was observed when RTX was used prophylactically or therapeutically, we devised another protocol of injecting this drug before the onset of the disease and designated this regiment as prevention. We demonstrated that the 20 μg/mouse prevention completely reduced the EAE clinical score, impaired infiltration of T and B cells into the perivascular space of mice brains, along with inhibiting the inflammation and demyelination. However, the 5 and 10 μg/mouse doses although reduced all aspects of inflammation in these mice, their effects were not as potent as the 20 μg/mouse RTX dose. Finally, we combined the 5 μg/mouse prevention treatment with either the prophylactic or therapeutic regimen and observed a robust effect. Conclusion We observed that combinatorial regimens resulted in further reduction of inflammation, T and B cell extravasation into the brains of EAE mice and improved the re-myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena R Al-Ani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arabs Emirates
| | - Tom K Raju
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arabs Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arabs Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arabs Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arabs Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arabs Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arabs Emirates
| | - Maha Guimei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arabs Emirates.,Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arabs Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arabs Emirates
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Hachim MY, Khalil BA, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. Pyroptosis: The missing puzzle among innate and adaptive immunity crosstalk. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:323-338. [PMID: 32083338 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0120-625r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death with inflammasome formation. Pattern recognition receptors that identify repetitive motifs of prospective pathogens such as LPS of gram-negative bacteria are crucial to pyroptosis. Upon stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns, proinflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1 family members IL-1β and IL-18, are released through pyroptosis specific pore-forming protein, gasdermin D. Even though IL-1 family members are mainly involved in innate immunity, they can be factors in adaptive immunity. Given the importance of IL-1 family members in health and diseases, deciphering the role of pyroptosis in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity is of great importance, especially with the recent progress in identifying the exact mechanism of such a pathway. In this review, we will focus on how the innate inflammatory mediators can regulate the adaptive immune system and vice versa via pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bariaa A Khalil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Naeem KB, Hannawi H, Salmi IA, Hannawi S. D-dimer, Troponin, and Urea Level at Presentation With COVID-19 can Predict ICU Admission: A Single Centered Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:585003. [PMID: 33363185 PMCID: PMC7756124 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.585003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Identifying clinical-features or a scoring-system to predict a benefit from hospital admission for patients with COVID-19 can be of great value for the decision-makers in the health sector. We aimed to identify differences in patients' demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of COVID-19 positive cases to develop and validate a diagnostic-model predicting who will develop severe-form and who will need critical-care in the future. Methods: In this observational retrospective study, COVID-19 positive cases (total 417) diagnosed in Al Kuwait Hospital, Dubai, UAE were recruited, and their prognosis in terms of admission to the hospital and the need for intensive care was reviewed until their tests turned negative. Patients were classified according to their clinical state into mild, moderate, severe, and critical. We retrieved all the baseline clinical data, laboratory, and radiological results and used them to identify parameters that can predict admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Results: Patients with ICU admission showed a distinct clinical, demographic as well as laboratory features when compared to patients who did not need ICU admission. This includes the elder age group, male gender, and presence of comorbidities like diabetes and history of hypertension. ROC and Precision-Recall curves showed that among all variables, D dimers (>1.5 mg/dl), Urea (>6.5 mmol/L), and Troponin (>13.5 ng/ml) could positively predict the admission to ICU in patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, decreased Lymphocyte count and albumin can predict admission to ICU in patients with COVID-19 with acceptable sensitivity (59.32, 95% CI [49.89-68.27]) and specificity (79.31, 95% CI [72.53-85.07]). Conclusion: Using these three predictors with their cut of values can identify patients who are at risk of developing critical COVID-19 and might need aggressive intervention earlier in the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kashif Bin Naeem
- Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haifa Hannawi
- Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Suad Hannawi
- Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Suad Hannawi
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26
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Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Naeem KB, Hannawi H, Al Salmi I, Hannawi S. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 links COVID-19, rheumatoid arthritis, and Hydroxychloroquine: in silico analysis. Transl Med Commun 2020; 5:14. [PMID: 32923679 PMCID: PMC7479747 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-020-00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent one of the fragile patient groups that might be susceptible to the critical form of the coronavirus disease - 19 (COVID-19). On the other side, RA patients have been found not to have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, some of the Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS) commonly used to treat rheumatic diseases like Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were proposed as a potential therapy for COVID-19 with a lack of full understanding of their molecular mechanisms. This highlights the need for the discovery of common pathways that may link both diseases at the molecular side. In this research, we used the in silico approach to investigate the transcriptomic profile of RA synovium to identify shared molecular pathways with that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infected lung tissue. Our results showed upregulation of chemotactic factors, including CCL4, CCL8, and CCL11, that all shared CCR5 as their receptor, as a common derangement observed in both diseases; RA and COVID-19. Moreover, our results also highlighted a possible mechanism through which HCQ, which can be used as a monotherapy in mild RA or as one of the triple-DMARDs therapy (tDMARDs; methotrexate, sulphasalazine, and HCQ), might interfere with the COVID-19 infection. This might be achieved through the ability of HCQ to upregulate specific immune cell populations like activated natural killer (NK) cells, which were found to be significantly reduced in COVID-19 infection. In addition to its ability to block CCR5 rich immune cell recruitment that also was upregulated in the SARS-COV-2 infected lungs. This might explain some of the reports that showed beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y. Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Kashif Bin Naeem
- grid.415786.90000 0004 1773 3198Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
| | - Haifa Hannawi
- grid.415786.90000 0004 1773 3198Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
| | - Issa Al Salmi
- grid.416132.30000 0004 1772 5665The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Suad Hannawi
- grid.415786.90000 0004 1773 3198Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), Dubai, UAE
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Hachim IY, López-Ozuna VM, Hachim MY, Lebrun JJ, Ali S. Prolactin hormone exerts anti-tumorigenic effects in HER-2 overexpressing breast cancer cells through regulation of stemness. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101538. [PMID: 31450192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancers characterized by HER2 overexpression, belong to HER-2 enriched or luminal B subtypes, are frequently associated with higher incidence of tumor recurrence and therapeutic failure. These aggressive features have been attributed to the presence of cancer stem-like cell subpopulations known to have high tumor initiation, self -renewal capacities and high metastatic potential. Depleting these stem-like cells in these tumors therefore might help in improving therapeutic response and patient outcome. METHODS Here we used human breast cancer cells representative of HER2- enriched and luminal B subtypes as well as purified ALDH-positive stem-like cell subpopulation for in vitro cell viability, proliferation, tumorshpere formation analyses and gene expression studies. In addition, we used a pre-clinical xenograft HER2 mouse model (NOD/SCID mice) for in vivo tumorigenesis assessment. Furthermore, patient survival outcomes were evaluated using in silico bioinformatics analyses of publicly available datasets. RESULTS Our results indicate that prolactin (PRL) exerts anti-tumorigenic effects in HER-2 positive breast cancer cells. Importantly, PRL caused a significant reduction in ALDHhi stem-like subpopulation, as well as their viability and tumorsphere formation capacity. Molecularly we found PRL to suppress gene expression of markers involved in stemness, tumor initiation, drug resistance and poor patient outcome found to be enriched in the ALDHhi stem-like subpopulation. Furthermore, we show PRL to impede tumor growth of HER-2 xenografts and to suppress expression of Ki67 proliferative marker. Finally, we found PRL pathway gene signature to correlate with favorable patient outcomes in HER-2 and luminal B breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION Together these results emphasize an anti-tumorigenic role with a potential therapeutic value for PRL in HER-2 and luminal B breast cancer subtypes targeting the cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Hachim MY, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. The Beneficial and Debilitating Effects of Environmental and Microbial Toxins, Drugs, Organic Solvents and Heavy Metals on the Onset and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E147. [PMID: 30841532 PMCID: PMC6468554 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system is common amongst young adults, leading to major personal and socioeconomic burdens. However, it is still considered complex and challenging to understand and treat, in spite of the efforts made to explain its etiopathology. Despite the discovery of many genetic and environmental factors that might be related to its etiology, no clear answer was found about the causes of the illness and neither about the detailed mechanism of these environmental triggers that make individuals susceptible to MS. In this review, we will attempt to explore the major contributors to MS autoimmunity including genetic, epigenetic and ecological factors with a particular focus on toxins, chemicals or drugs that may trigger, modify or prevent MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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López-Ozuna VM, Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Lebrun JJ, Ali S. Prolactin modulates TNBC aggressive phenotype limiting tumorigenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:321-337. [PMID: 30640712 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for ~20% of all breast cancer cases. The management of TNBC represents a challenge due to its aggressive phenotype, heterogeneity and lack of targeted therapy. Loss of cell differentiation and enrichment with breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC) are features of TNBC contributing to its aggressive nature. Here, we found that treatment of TNBC cells with PRL significantly depletes the highly tumorigenic BCSC subpopulations CD44+/CD24- and ALDH+ and differentiates them to the least tumorigenic CD44-/CD24- and ALDH- phenotype with limited tumorsphere formation and self-renewal capacities. Importantly, we found PRL to induce a heterochromatin phenotype marked by histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and accompanied by ultra-structural cellular architecture associated with differentiation and senescence rendering the cells refractory to growth signals. Crucially, we found PRL to mediate these effects in vivo in a pre-clinical animal xenograft of TNBC controlling tumor growth. These results reveal that the lactogenic hormone PRL may exert its anti-tumorigenic effects on TNBC through cellular reprogramming indicative of differentiation resulting in the depletion of BCSCs and restricting tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Sami MM, Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Elbarkouky AH, López-Ozuna VM. Nucleostemin expression in breast cancer is a marker of more aggressive phenotype and unfavorable patients' outcome: A STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14744. [PMID: 30817632 PMCID: PMC6831441 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are postulated to play significant role in the pathogenesis, progression as well as drug resistance of breast cancer. Nucleostemin (NS) is thought to be a key molecule for stemness, and the clinical impact of NS immunoreactivity in breast cancer can indicate its actual role and future therapeutic potentials.The current study is an observational study with an attempt to evaluate the correlation between NS expression (protein and gene expression levels) and different clinicopathological attributes of invasive breast cancer. For that reason, we investigated NS immunohistochemistry expression on commercial tissue microarray (TMA) of 102 patients and 51 archival specimens from patients admitted to Saqr Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah and diagnosed in Al Baraha Hospital, Dubai, UAE. In addition, the association between NS (GNL3) gene expression and different prognostic parameters as well as patient outcome was also evaluated using 2 large publicly available databases.Interestingly, we found NS expression to be associated with less differentiated and more advance stage. In addition, NS expression was significantly higher in larger size (P = .001) and LN-positive tumors (P = .007). Notably, NS expression was significantly correlated to P53 positive (P = .037) status. Furthermore, NS was found to be more expressed in the highly aggressive breast cancer subtypes including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. Moreover, our results also showed that high GNL3 gene expression to be associated with poor patient outcome and higher chances of tumor recurrence.Our results highlight NS expression as a marker of aggressive phenotype and poor outcome and indicate its possible use as a potential target for CSC-associated breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M. Sami
- Department of Pathology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, Egypt
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ahmed H. Elbarkouky
- Department of Pathology, Al Baraha Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Vanessa M. López-Ozuna
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Aljaibeji H, Mukhopadhyay D, Mohammed AK, Dhaiban S, Hachim MY, Elemam NM, Sulaiman N, Salehi A, Taneera J. Reduced Expression of PLCXD3 Associates With Disruption of Glucose Sensing and Insulin Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31781030 PMCID: PMC6851018 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that reduced expression of PLCXD3, a member of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases (PI-PLC) family, impaired insulin secretion with an unclear mechanism. In the current study, we aim to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect using human islets and rat INS-1 (832/13) cells. Microarray and RNA sequencing data showed that PLCXD3 is among the highly expressed PI-PLCs in human islets and INS-1 (832/13) cells. Expression of PLCXD3 was reduced in human diabetic islets, correlated positively with Insulin and GLP1R expression and inversely with the donor's body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Expression silencing of PLCXD3 in INS-1 (832/13) cells was found to reduce glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin content. In addition, the expression of Insulin, NEUROD1, GLUT2, GCK, INSR, IRS2, and AKT was downregulated. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were unaffected. In conclusion, our data suggest that low expression of PLCXD3 in pancreatic β-cells associates with downregulation of the key insulin signaling and insulin biosynthesis genes as well as reduction in glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Aljaibeji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Debasmita Mukhopadhyay
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Dhaiban
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Jalal Taneera
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Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Dai M, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. Differential expression of TGFβ isoforms in breast cancer highlights different roles during breast cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428317748254. [PMID: 29320969 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317748254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While TGFβ plays a critical role in tumor formation and progression, the role and contribution of its three different isoforms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the prognostic value of the TGFβ isoforms and assessed their expression levels in breast cancer patients at different stages of the disease. We found higher levels of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 in cancer patients compared to normal tissues, with no significant changes in TGFβ2 expression. Similarly, TGFβ1 and TGFβ3, but not TGFβ2, showed higher expression levels in advanced lymph node-positive and metastatic tumors, suggesting different roles for the different isoforms in tumor progression and the metastatic process, while in the least aggressive molecular subtype (luminal A), expression of the three TGFβ isoforms significantly correlated with expression of both TGFβ receptors, such correlation only occurred between TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 and the TGFβ type II receptor (TβRII) in the highly aggressive basal-like subtype. Interestingly, a distinct and somehow opposite pattern was observed in HER-2 tumors, only showing significant association pattern between TGFβ2 and the TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI). Finally, the three TGFβ isoforms showed distinct association patterns with patient outcome depending on the different molecular subtype, highlighting context-dependent, differential prognostic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,2 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meiou Dai
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hachim IY, Villatoro M, Canaff L, Hachim MY, Boudreault J, Haiub H, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. Transforming Growth Factor-beta Regulation of Ephrin Type-A Receptor 4 Signaling in Breast Cancer Cellular Migration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14976. [PMID: 29101386 PMCID: PMC5670207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer consists of a range of tumor subtypes with different clinical characteristics, disease prognosis, and treatment-response. Luminal breast cancer has the best prognosis while basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) represents the worst subtype. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) plays a prominent role in stimulating the migration and invasion of malignant breast cancer cells contributing to tumor progression. In this study, we identified the Ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EPHA4) as a novel target of TGFβ in breast cancer. Moreover, we show that TGFβ induction of EPHA4 gene expression is specific to basal-like tumors and is required for TGFβ-mediated cell migration. We further addressed the mechanism and found EPHA4 to be required for TGFβ-mediated cell migration in breast cancer through TGFβ-induced short term and long term activation of RhoGTPases. Finally, our data revealed a strong association between high EPHA4 expression and advanced tumor stage, aggressive BLBC molecular subtype and poor prognosis. Importantly, we found significant co-expression of EPHA4 and the TGFβ receptor type-2 (TGFβR2) in breast cancer subtypes associated with increased tumor relapse and drug resistance. Together, this study highlight the important role of the TGFβ/EPHA4 signaling axis in mediating tumor aggressiveness and poor patient survival in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Manuel Villatoro
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Lucie Canaff
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada ,grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Julien Boudreault
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Halema Haiub
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- 0000 0000 9064 4811grid.63984.30Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
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Tian J, Hachim MY, Hachim IY, Dai M, Lo C, Raffa FA, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates TGFβ-induced cancer stemness in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40258. [PMID: 28054666 PMCID: PMC5215509 DOI: 10.1038/srep40258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, display poor prognosis and exhibit resistance to conventional therapies, partly due to an enrichment in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Here, we investigated the role of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a downstream target of TGFβ, in regulating BCSCs in TNBC. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COX-2 is highly expressed in TNBC and that its expression correlated with poor survival outcome in basal subtype of breast cancer. We also found TGFβ-mediated COX-2 expression to be Smad3-dependent and to be required for BCSC self-renewal and expansion in TNBCs. Knocking down COX-2 expression strikingly blocked TGFβ-induced tumorsphere formation and TGFβ-induced enrichment of the two stem-like cell populations, CD24lowCD44high and ALDH+ BCSCs. Blocking COX-2 activity, using a pharmacological inhibitor also prevented TGFβ-induced BCSC self-renewal. Moreover, we found COX-2 to be required for TGFβ-induced expression of mesenchymal and basal breast cancer markers. In particular, we found that TGFβ-induced expression of fibronectin plays a central role in TGFβ-mediated breast cancer stemness. Together, our results describe a novel role for COX-2 in mediating the TGFβ effects on BCSC properties and imply that targeting the COX-2 pathway may prove useful for the treatment of TNBC by eliminating BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Meiou Dai
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Chieh Lo
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fatmah Al Raffa
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
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López-Ozuna VM, Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Lebrun JJ, Ali S. Prolactin Pro-Differentiation Pathway in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Impact on Prognosis and Potential Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30934. [PMID: 27480353 PMCID: PMC4969612 DOI: 10.1038/srep30934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease associated with poor clinical outcome and lack of targeted therapy. Here we show that prolactin (PRL) and its signaling pathway serve as a sub-classifier and predictor of pro-differentiation therapy in TNBC. Using immunohistochemistry and various gene expression in silica analyses we observed that prolactin receptor (PRLR) protein and mRNA levels are down regulated in TNBC cases. In addition, examining correlation of PRLR gene expression with metagenes of TNBC subtypes (580 cases), we found that PRLR gene expression sub-classifies TNBC patients into a new subgroup (TNBC-PRLR) characterized by epithelial-luminal differentiation. Importantly, gene expression of PRL signaling pathway components individually (PRL, PRLR, Jak2 and Stat5a), or as a gene signature is able to predict TNBC patients with significantly better survival outcomes. As PRL hormone is a druggable target we determined the biological role of PRL in TNBC biology. Significantly, restoration/activation of PRL pathway in TNBC cells representative of mesenchymal or TNBC-PRLR subgroups led to induction of epithelial phenotype and suppression of tumorigenesis. Altogether, these results offer potential new modalities for TNBC stratification and development of personalized therapy based on PRL pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Medical Microbiology Department, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, UAE
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hachim IY, Hachim MY, López-Ozuna VM, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. A dual prognostic role for the TGFβ receptors in human breast cancer. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:140-151. [PMID: 27445263 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) plays a dual role in breast cancer, acting as a tumor suppressor in early carcinomas while promoting tumor metastasis in more advanced breast carcinoma. As a result, the prognostic role of TGFβ and its signaling components in breast cancer remains unclear. Here we evaluated the expression levels of TGFβ signaling receptors TβRII and TβRI using human breast cancer tissue microarrays and a large publicly available gene profiling database in relation to various clinicopathological parameters. Our results indicate that breast cancer tissues express lower TβRII and TβRI protein levels compared with normal breast tissue. In contrast to TβRI expression, TβRII mRNA expression levels were also significantly downregulated in invasive breast cancer compared with normal breast tissue (4.18-fold downregulation, P=9.3×10-115). Interestingly, within the cancer cases analyzed, our results revealed a direct correlation between high TβRII and TβRI expression levels and classic poor prognostic clinicopathological parameters, including larger tumor size, advanced tumor stage, and poorly differentiated tumors. Next, we examined TGFβ receptors' expression in relation to breast cancer molecular subtypes. Importantly, our results revealed that whereas expression of TGFβ receptors in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer showed no correlation with patient outcome, their expression in luminal B and HER2 subtypes showed significant association with favorable patient outcome. Together, these results indicate that although TGFβ receptors are downregulated in breast cancer, their expression in tumors is an indicator of aggressive breast cancer phenotype. Moreover, the relation between TGFβ pathway and patient outcome is breast cancer subtype dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Hachim
- Division of Hematology, Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Division of Hematology, Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Suhad Ali
- Division of Hematology, Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Division of Hematology, Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Hachim MY, Ahmed AH. The role of the cytokines and cell-adhesion molecules on the immunopathology of acute appendicitis. Saudi Med J 2006; 27:1815-21. [PMID: 17143355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the local expression of the proinflammatory cytokine such as interferon gamma and anti-inflammatory cytokine like interleukin-10 (IL-10) and their role in cell adhesion molecules (CAM) expression on the surface of endothelial cell at the site of inflammation in acute appendicitis. The local expression of these cytokines and CAM was correlated with clinical findings to shed light on their role in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis. METHODS Thirty-five patients with acute appendicitis and 6 apparently normal appendices were removed incidentally from individuals presented with problems other than appendicitis, were included in this prospective study. They were attendant of the emergency room in Al-Khadhumiyah Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, from October 2003 to September 2004. Cell adhesion molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-l], ICAM-3 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) were detected by immunohistochemistry while IL-10 and interferon gamma were detected by in situ hybridization. The specimens were classified into 5 groups; early acute appendicitis, phlegmonous appendicitis, ulcero-phlegmonous appendicitis, and gangrenous appendicitis, and the fifth group included specimens that showed no histopathological changes, defined as histologically normal appendix. RESULTS Intracellular adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-I, IL-10 and interferon gamma were expressed weakly in the control group, while ICAM-3 was not detected in the control group. The average score for ICAM-I, VCAM-1 and the percentage of cells expressing IL-l0 and interferon gamma were significantly higher in the patient groups when compared with the control group. Intracellular adhesion molecule-3 was expressed in the patient group. CONCLUSION The kinetics of CAM expression were tightly correlated to the balance between IL-10 and interferon gamma especially after 12.5 hours from the first symptoms experienced by the patients. The interferon gamma was the main player and the most significant factor that leads to shifting of cases towards gangrenous appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
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