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Liu J, Yan W, Ma Y, Li X, Zhong J, Zheng X, Liu Z. Improving Proton-Conducting Stability by Regulating Pore Size of MOF Materials through Mixed Grinding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34240-34253. [PMID: 38914052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An effective strategy to improve the proton conductivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is to regulate the pore size of composite materials. In this work, composite materials of MOF-808@MOG-808-X (X is the mass ratios of MOF-808 to MOG-808) was successfully prepared by grinding and blending. MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2 was optimal for its suitable pore structure, which facilitates the practical construction of hydrogen bonding networks, promotes rapid and stable proton conduction, and enables the proton conductivity, achieving a 1 + 1 > 2 effect. At 353 K and 93% relative humidity (RH), the maximum proton conductivity of MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2 reaches 1.08 × 10-1 S·cm-1. Next, MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2 was blended with chitosan (CS) to obtain composite proton exchange membranes (PEMs), namely, CS@MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2-Y (Y = 5%, 10%, or 15%) with the maximum proton conductivity reaching 1.19 × 10-2 S·cm-1 at 353 K and 93% RH for CS@MOF-808@MOG-808-1:2-10% with additional stability. The conductive mechanisms of the composite materials were revealed by activation energy calculation. This investigation not only proposes a simple grinding-blending method for the development of MOF-doped composite materials for proton conductivity but also provides a producting material basis for future applications of MOFs in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 PR China
| | - Wenxuan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 PR China
| | - Yingying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 PR China
| | - Xinran Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 PR China
| | - Jiajun Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165 PR China
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Brza MA, Aziz SB, Abdulwahid RT, Tahir HB, F. Z. Kadir M. Ion Transport and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting SPE for EDLC with Constant Specific Capacitance and Energy Density. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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M. Hizam SM, Al-Dhahebi AM, Mohamed Saheed MS. Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Ammonia Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5125. [PMID: 36501520 PMCID: PMC9739373 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand to mitigate the alarming effects of the emission of ammonia (NH3) on human health and the environment has highlighted the growing attention to the design of reliable and effective sensing technologies using novel materials and unique nanocomposites with tunable functionalities. Among the state-of-the-art ammonia detection materials, graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites have gained significant attention. Despite the ever-increasing number of publications on graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites for ammonia detection, various understandings and information regarding the process, mechanisms, and new material components have not been fully explored. Therefore, this review summarises the recent progress of graphene-based polymeric nanocomposites for ammonia detection. A comprehensive discussion is provided on the various gas sensor designs, including chemiresistive, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), and Field-Effect Transistor (FET), as well as gas sensors utilising the graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, in addition to highlighting the pros and cons of graphene to enhance the performance of gas sensors. Moreover, the various techniques used to fabricate graphene-based nanocomposites and the numerous polymer electrolytes (e.g., conductive polymeric electrolytes), the ion transport models, and the fabrication and detection mechanisms of ammonia are critically addressed. Finally, a brief outlook on the significant progress, future opportunities, and challenges of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites for the application of ammonia detection are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Maira M. Hizam
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Adel Mohammed Al-Dhahebi
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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Electrochemical and Ion Transport Studies of Li+ Ion-Conducting MC-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169152. [PMID: 36012415 PMCID: PMC9409367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile methodology system for synthesizing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on methylcellulose, dextran, lithium perchlorate (as ionic sources), and glycerol (such as a plasticizer) (MC:Dex:LiClO4:Glycerol) has been implemented. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and two imperative electrochemical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were performed on the films to analyze their structural and electrical properties. The FTIR spectra verify the interactions between the electrolyte components. Following this, a further calculation was performed to determine free ions (FI) and contact ion pairs (CIP) from the deconvolution of the peak associated with the anion. It is verified that the electrolyte containing the highest amount of glycerol plasticizer (MDLG3) has shown a maximum conductivity of 1.45 × 10−3 S cm−1. Moreover, for other transport parameters, the mobility (μ), number density (n), and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions were enhanced effectively. The transference number measurement (TNM) of electrons (tel) was 0.024 and 0.976 corresponding to ions (tion). One of the prepared samples (MDLG3) had 3.0 V as the voltage stability of the electrolyte.
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Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Abdalrahman AA, Abdulwahid RT, Al-Saeedi SI, Brza MA, Nofal MM, Abdullah RM, Hadi JM, Karim WO. Characteristics of Methyl Cellulose Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte Inserted with Potassium Thiocyanate as K + Cation Provider: Structural and Electrical Studies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5579. [PMID: 36013716 PMCID: PMC9414175 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The attention to a stable and ionic conductive electrolyte is driven by the limitations of liquid electrolytes, particularly evaporation and leakage, which restrain their widespread use for electrochemical device applications. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is considered to be a potential alternative since it possesses high safety compared to its counterparts. However, it still suffers from low device efficiency due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of ion transport parameters. Here, we present a simple in situ solution casting method for the production of polymer-based electrolytes using abundantly available methylcellulose (MC) doped at different weight percentages of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) salt. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were used to characterize the prepared samples. Based on EIS simulation and FTIR deconvolution associated with the SCN anion peak, various ion transport parameters were determined. The host MC medium and KSCN salt have a strong interaction, which was evident from both peak shifting and intensity alteration of FTIR spectra. From the EIS modeling, desired electric circuits correlated with ion movement and chain polarization were drawn. The highest ionic conductivity of 1.54 × 10-7 S cm-1 is determined from the fitted EIS curve for the film doped with 30 wt.% of KSCN salt. From the FTIR deconvoluted peak, free ions, ions in contact with one another, and ion aggregates were separated. The extracted ion transport parameters from the EIS method and FTIR spectra of the SCN anion band confirm that both increased carrier concentration and their mobility were crucial in improving the overall conductivity of the electrolyte. The dielectric investigations were further used to understand the conductivity of the films. High dielectric constants were observed at low frequencies for all MC:KSCN systems. The dispersion with a high dielectric constant in the low-frequency band is ascribed to the dielectric polarization. The wide shift of M″ peak towards the high frequency was evidenced by the MC-based electrolyte impregnated with 30 wt.% of KSCN salt, revealing the improved ionic movement assisted with chain segmental motion. The AC conductivity pattern was influenced by salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ari A. Abdalrahman
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Old Campus, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Medical Physics Department, College of Medicals and Applied Science, Charmo University, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjdar M. Abdullah
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Wrya O. Karim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Dannoun EMA, Aziz SB, Abdulwahid RT, Al-Saeedi SI, Nofal MM, Sadiq NM, Hadi JM. Study of MC:DN-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes with Inserted Zn-Metal Complex for Energy Storage Devices with Improved Electrochemical Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:769. [PMID: 36005684 PMCID: PMC9412581 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stable and ionic conducting electrolytes are needed to make supercapacitors more feasible, because liquid electrolytes have leakage problems and easily undergo solvent evaporation. Polymer-based electrolytes meet the criteria, yet they lack good efficiency due to limited segmental motion. Since metal complexes have crosslinking centers that can be coordinated with the polymer segments, they are regarded as an adequate method to improve the performance of the polymer-based electrolytes. To prepare plasticized proton conducting polymer composite (PPC), a simple and successful process was used. Using a solution casting process, methylcellulose and dextran were blended and impregnated with ammonium thiocyanate and zinc metal complex. A range of electrochemical techniques were used to analyze the PPC, including transference number measurement (TNM), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity of the prepared system was found to be 3.59 × 10-3 S/cm using the EIS method. The use of glycerol plasticizer improves the transport characteristics, according to the findings. The carrier species is found to have ionic mobility of 5.77 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and diffusion coefficient of 1.48 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 for the carrier density 3.4 × 1020 cm-3. The TNM revealed that anions and cations were the predominant carriers in electrolyte systems, with an ionic transference value of 0.972. The LSV approach demonstrated that, up to 2.05 V, the film was stable, which is sufficient for energy device applications. The prepared PPC was used to create an electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) device. The CV plot exhibited the absence of Faradaic peaks in the CV plot, making it practically have a rectangular form. Using the GCD experiment, the EDLC exhibited low equivalence series resistance of only 65 Ω at the first cycle. The average energy density, power density, and specific capacitance values were determined to be 15 Wh/kg, 350 W/kg, and 128 F/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Kurdistan Region, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Old Campus, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niyaz M. Sadiq
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Studies of Circuit Design, Structural, Relaxation and Potential Stability of Polymer Blend Electrolyte Membranes Based on PVA:MC Impregnated with NH4I Salt. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030284. [PMID: 35323759 PMCID: PMC8955814 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the fabrication of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) that are made of polyvinyl alcohol-methylcellulose (PVA-MC) doped with various amounts of ammonium iodide (NH4I). The structural and electrical properties of the polymer blend electrolyte were performed via the acquisition of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. The interaction among the components of the electrolyte was confirmed via the FTIR approach. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the whole conductivity of complexes of PVA-MC was increased beyond the addition of NH4I. The application of EEC modeling on experimental data of EIS was helpful to calculate the ion transport parameters and detect the circuit elements of the films. The sample containing 40 wt.% of NH4I salt exhibited maximum ionic conductivity (7.01 × 10−8) S cm−1 at room temperature. The conductivity behaviors were further emphasized from the dielectric study. The dielectric constant, ε’ and loss, ε’’ values were recorded at high values within the low-frequency region. The peak appearance of the dielectric relaxation analysis verified the non-Debye type of relaxation mechanism was clarified via the peak appearance of the dielectric relaxation. For further confirmation, the transference number measurement (TNM) of the PVA-MC-NH4I electrolyte was analyzed in which ions were primarily entities for the charge transfer process. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) shows a relatively electrochemically stable electrolyte where the voltage was swept linearly up to 1.6 V. Finally, the sample with maximum conductivity, ion dominance of tion and relatively wide breakdown voltage were found to be 0.88 and 1.6 V, respectively. As the ions are the majority charge carrier, this polymer electrolyte could be considered as a promising candidate to be used in electrochemical energy storage devices for example electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) device.
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Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Brza MA, Sadiq NM, Nofal MM, Karim WO, Al-Saeedi SI, Kadir MFZ. An Investigation into the PVA:MC:NH 4Cl-Based Proton-Conducting Polymer-Blend Electrolytes for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) Device Application: The FTIR, Circuit Design and Electrochemical Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:1011. [PMID: 35164273 PMCID: PMC8839426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, the preparation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is performed from polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose (PVA-MC), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) using solution casting methodology for its use in electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The characterizations of the prepared electrolyte are conducted using a variety of techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The interaction between the polymers and NH4Cl salt are assured via FTIR. EIS confirms the possibility of obtaining a reasonably high conductance of the electrolyte of 1.99 × 10-3 S/cm at room temperature. The dielectric response technique is applied to determine the extent of the ion dissociation of the NH4Cl in the PVA-MC-NH4Cl systems. The appearance of a peak in the imaginary part of the modulus study recognizes the contribution of chain dynamics and ion mobility. Transference number measurement (TNM) is specified and is found to be (tion) = 0.933 for the uppermost conducting sample. This verifies that ions are the predominant charge carriers. From the LSV study, 1.4 V are recorded for the relatively high-conducting sample. The CV curve response is far from the rectangular shape. The maximum specific capacitance of 20.6 F/g is recorded at 10 mV/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Medical Physics Department, College of Medicals & Applied Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimania 46023, Iraq;
| | - Niyaz M. Sadiq
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wrya O. Karim
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Sameerahl I. Al-Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nuourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd F. Z. Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Abdulwahid RT, Kadir MFZ, Nofal MM, Al-Saeedi SI, Murad AR. The Study of Ion Transport Parameters in MC-Based Electrolyte Membranes Using EIS and Their Applications for EDLC Devices. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020139. [PMID: 35207061 PMCID: PMC8877585 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A solution cast technique was utilized to create a plasticized biopolymer-based electrolyte system. The system was prepared from methylcellulose (MC) polymer as the hosting material and potassium iodide (KI) salt as the ionic source. The electrolyte produced with sufficient conductivity was evaluated in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). Electrolyte systems’ electrical, structural, and electrochemical properties have been examined using various electrochemical and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a maximum ionic conductivity of 5.14 × 10−4 S cm−1 for the system with 50% plasticizer was recorded. From the EEC modeling, the ion transport parameters were evaluated. The extent of interaction between the components of the prepared electrolyte was investigated using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For the electrolyte system (MC-KI-glycerol), the tion and electrochemical windows were 0.964 and 2.2 V, respectively. Another electrochemical property of electrolytes is transference number measurement (TNM), in which the ion predominantly responsibility was examined in an attempt to track the transport mechanism. The non-Faradaic nature of charge storing was proved from the absence of a redox peak in the cyclic voltammetry profile (CV). Several decisive parameters have been specified, such as specific capacitance (Cs), coulombic efficiency (η), energy density (Ed), and power density (Pd) at the first cycle, which were 68 F g−1, 67%, 7.88 Wh kg−1, and 1360 Wh kg−1, respectively. Ultimately, during the 400th cycle, the series resistance ESR varied from 70 to 310 ohms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence:
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Old Campus, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Mohd F. Z. Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nuourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq;
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High Cyclability Energy Storage Device with Optimized Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-Dextran-Based Polymer Electrolytes: Structural, Electrical and Electrochemical Investigations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203602. [PMID: 34685361 PMCID: PMC8540470 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of a dextran (Dex)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) blend impregnated with ammonium bromide (NH4Br) is done via the solution cast method. The phases due to crystalline and amorphous regions were separated and used to estimate the degree of crystallinity. The most amorphous blend was discovered to be a blend of 40 wt% Dex and 60 wt% HEC. This polymer blend serves as the channel for ions to be conducted and electrodes separator. The conductivity has been optimized at (1.47 ± 0.12) × 10−4 S cm−1 with 20 wt% NH4Br. The EIS plots were fitted with EEC circuits. The DC conductivity against 1000/T follows the Arrhenius model. The highest conducting electrolyte possesses an ionic number density and mobility of 1.58 × 1021 cm−3 and 6.27 × 10−7 V−1s−1 cm2, respectively. The TNM and LSV investigations were carried out on the highest conducting system. A non-Faradic behavior was predicted from the CV pattern. The fabricated electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) achieved 8000 cycles, with a specific capacitance, internal resistance, energy density, and power density of 31.7 F g−1, 80 Ω, 3.18 Wh kg−1, and 922.22 W kg−1, respectively.
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Nofal MM, Hadi JM, Aziz SB, Brza MA, Asnawi ASFM, Dannoun EMA, Abdullah AM, Kadir MFZ. A Study of Methylcellulose Based Polymer Electrolyte Impregnated with Potassium Ion Conducting Carrier: Impedance, EEC Modeling, FTIR, Dielectric, and Device Characteristics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4859. [PMID: 34500952 PMCID: PMC8432717 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a biopolymer-based electrolyte system involving methylcellulose (MC) as a host polymeric material and potassium iodide (KI) salt as the ionic source was prepared by solution cast technique. The electrolyte with the highest conductivity was used for device application of electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) with high specific capacitance. The electrical, structural, and electrochemical characteristics of the electrolyte systems were investigated using various techniques. According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the bulk resistance (Rb) decreased from 3.3 × 105 to 8 × 102 Ω with the increase of salt concentration from 10 wt % to 40 wt % and the ionic conductivity was found to be 1.93 ×10-5 S/cm. The dielectric analysis further verified the conductivity trends. Low-frequency regions showed high dielectric constant, ε' and loss, ε″ values. The polymer-salt complexation between (MC) and (KI) was shown through a Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The analysis of transference number measurement (TNM) supported ions were predominantly responsible for the transport process in the MC-KI electrolyte. The highest conducting sample was observed to be electrochemically constant as the potential was swept linearly up to 1.8 V using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) profile reveals the absence of a redox peak, indicating the presence of a charge double-layer between the surface of activated carbon electrodes and electrolytes. The maximum specific capacitance, Cs value was obtained as 118.4 F/g at the sweep rate of 10 mV/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq;
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi
- Chemical Engineering Section, Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), University Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia;
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- General Science Department, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aziz M. Abdullah
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq;
| | - Mohd F. Z. Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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12
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Azmana M, Mahmood S, Hilles AR, Rahman A, Arifin MAB, Ahmed S. A review on chitosan and chitosan-based bionanocomposites: Promising material for combatting global issues and its applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:832-848. [PMID: 34237361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, several attempts have been made to replace petrochemical products with renewable and biodegradable components. The most challenging part of this approach is to obtain bio-based materials with properties and functions equivalent to those of synthetic products. Various naturally occurring polymers such as starch, collagen, alginate, cellulose, and chitin represent attractive candidates as they could reduce dependence on synthetic products and consequently positively impact the environment. Chitosan is also a unique bio-based polymer with excellent intrinsic properties. It is known for its anti-bacterial and film-forming properties, has high mechanical strength and good thermal stability. Nanotechnology has also applied chitosan-based materials in its most recent achievements. Therefore, numerous chitosan-based bionanocomposites with improved physical and chemical characteristics have been developed in an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. This review discusses various sources of chitosan, its properties and methods of modification. Also, this work focuses on diverse preparation techniques of chitosan-based bionanocomposites and their emerging application in various sectors. Additionally, this review sheds light on future research scope with some drawbacks and challenges to motivate the researchers for future outstanding research works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motia Azmana
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Science and Technology, PICOMS International University College of Medical Sciences, 68100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmir Bin Arifin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shakeeb Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
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13
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Nofal MM, Aziz SB, Hadi JM, Karim WO, Dannoun EMA, Hussein AM, Hussen SA. Polymer Composites with 0.98 Transparencies and Small Optical Energy Band Gap Using a Promising Green Methodology: Structural and Optical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1648. [PMID: 34069445 PMCID: PMC8159149 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a green approach was implemented to prepare polymer composites using polyvinyl alcohol polymer and the extract of black tea leaves (polyphenols) in a complex form with Co2+ ions. A range of techniques was used to characterize the Co2+ complex and polymer composite, such as Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical parameters of absorption edge, refractive index (n), dielectric properties including real and imaginary parts (εr, and εi) were also investigated. The FRIR and XRD spectra were used to examine the compatibility between the PVA polymer and Co2+-polyphenol complex. The extent of interaction was evidenced from the shifts and change in the intensity of the peaks. The relatively wide amorphous phase in PVA polymer increased upon insertion of the Co2+-polyphenol complex. The amorphous character of the Co2+ complex was emphasized with the appearance of a hump in the XRD pattern. From UV-Visible spectroscopy, the optical properties, such as absorption edge, refractive index (n), (εr), (εi), and bandgap energy (Eg) of parent PVA and composite films were specified. The Eg of PVA was lowered from 5.8 to 1.82 eV upon addition of 45 mL of Co2+-polyphenol complex. The N/m* was calculated from the optical dielectric function. Ultimately, various types of electronic transitions within the polymer composites were specified using Tauc's method. The direct bandgap (DBG) treatment of polymer composites with a developed amorphous phase is fundamental for commercialization in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq; (A.M.H.); (S.A.H.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq;
| | - Wrya O. Karim
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq;
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Director of General Science Department, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahang M. Hussein
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq; (A.M.H.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Sarkawt A. Hussen
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq; (A.M.H.); (S.A.H.)
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14
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Brza MA, Aziz SB, Anuar H, Alshehri SM, Ali F, Ahamad T, Hadi JM. Characteristics of a Plasticized PVA-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and H + Conductor for an Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor: Structural, Morphological, and Ion Transport Properties. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 33923927 PMCID: PMC8073918 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based solid polymer electrolytes doped with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) and glycerol were fabricated using a solution casting method. Lithium-based energy storage devices are not environmentally friendly materials, and they are toxic. Thus, proton-conducting materials were used in this work as they are harmless and are smaller than lithium. The interaction between PVA and the electrolyte elements was shown by FTIR analysis. The highest conductivity of 1.82 × 10-5 S cm-1 was obtained by the highest-conducting plasticized system (PSP_2) at room temperature. The mobility, diffusion coefficient, and number density of anions and cations were found to increase with increasing glycerol. FESEM was used to investigate the influence of glycerol on film morphology. TNM showed that the cations and anions were the main charge carriers. LSV showed that the electrochemical stability window of the PSP_2 system was 1.99 V. The PSP_2 system was applied in the preparation of an electrical double layer capacitor device. The shape of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve was nearly rectangular with no Faradaic peaks. From the galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis, the power density, energy density, and specific capacitance values were nearly constant beyond the first cycle at 318.73 W/Kg, 2.06 Wh/Kg, and 18.30 F g-1, respectively, for 450 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad A. Brza
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia; (M.A.B.); (H.A.)
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Hazleen Anuar
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia; (M.A.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Fathilah Ali
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 4600, Iraq;
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15
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Bio-Based Plasticized PVA Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes for Energy Storage EDLC Devices: Ion Transport Parameters and Electrochemical Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081994. [PMID: 33923484 PMCID: PMC8074153 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This report shows a simple solution cast methodology to prepare plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/methylcellulose (MC)-ammonium iodide (NH4I) electrolyte at room temperature. The maximum conducting membrane has a conductivity of 3.21 × 10-3 S/cm. It is shown that the number density, mobility and diffusion coefficient of ions are enhanced by increasing the glycerol. A number of electric and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte-impedance, dielectric properties, transference numbers, potential window, energy density, specific capacitance (Cs) and power density-were determined. From the determined electric and electrochemical properties, it is shown that PVA: MC-NH4I proton conducting polymer electrolyte (PE) is adequate for utilization in energy storage device (ESD). The decrease of charge transfer resistance with increasing plasticizer was observed from Bode plot. The analysis of dielectric properties has indicated that the plasticizer is a novel approach to increase the number of charge carriers. The electron and ion transference numbers were found. From the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) response, the breakdown voltage of the electrolyte is determined. From Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurement, the calculated Cs values are found to drop with increasing the number of cycles. The increment of internal resistance is shown by equivalent series resistance (ESR) plot. The energy and power density were studied over 250 cycles that results to the value of 5.38-3.59 Wh/kg and 757.58-347.22 W/kg, respectively.
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16
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Aziz SB, Nofal MM, Ghareeb HO, Dannoun EMA, Hussen SA, Hadi JM, Ahmed KK, Hussein AM. Characteristics of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) Based Composites Integrated with Green Synthesized Al 3+-Metal Complex: Structural, Optical, and Localized Density of State Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081316. [PMID: 33923856 PMCID: PMC8073073 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of dispersing Al-metal complex on the optical properties of PVA was investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy. Polymer composite films with various Al3+-complex amounts in the PVA matrix were arranged by solution casting technique by means of distilled water as a widespread solvent. The formation of Al3+-metal complex was verified through Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) examinations. The addition of Al-complex into the polymer matrix led to the recovery of the optical parameters such as dielectric constant (εr and εi) and refractive index (n). The variations of real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant as a function of photon wavelength were studied to calculate localized charge density values (N/m*), high-frequency dielectric constant, relaxation time, optical mobility, optical resistivity, and plasma angular frequency (ωp) of electrons. In proportion with Al3+-complex content, the N/m* values were amplified from 3.68 × 1055 kg−1 m−3 to 109 × 1055 kg−1 m−3. The study of optical parameters may find applications within optical instrument manufacturing. The optical band gap was determined from Tauc’s equation, and the type of electronic transition was specified. A remarkable drop in the optical band gap was observed. The dispersion of static refractive index (no) of the prepared composites was analyzed using the theoretical Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator model. The average oscillator energy (Eo) and oscillator dispersion energy (Ed) parameters were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (S.A.H.); (K.K.A.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence:
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hewa O. Ghareeb
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Director of General Science Department, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarkawt A. Hussen
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (S.A.H.); (K.K.A.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Khayal K. Ahmed
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (S.A.H.); (K.K.A.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Ahang M. Hussein
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (S.A.H.); (K.K.A.); (A.M.H.)
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17
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Plasticized Polymer Blend Electrolyte Based on Chitosan for Energy Storage Application: Structural, Circuit Modeling, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081233. [PMID: 33920346 PMCID: PMC8069213 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS)-dextran (DN) biopolymer electrolytes doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I) and plasticized with glycerol (GL), then dispersed with Zn(II)-metal complex were fabricated for energy device application. The CS:DN:NH4I:Zn(II)-complex was plasticized with various amounts of GL and the impact of used metal complex and GL on the properties of the formed electrolyte were investigated.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements have shown that the highest conductivity for the plasticized system was 3.44 × 10−4 S/cm. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the plasticized electrolyte with minimum degree of crystallinity has shown the maximum conductivity. The effect of (GL) plasticizer on the film morphology was studied using FESEM. It has been confirmed via transference number analysis (TNM) that the transport mechanism in the prepared electrolyte is predominantly ionic in nature with a high transference number of ion (ti)of 0.983. From a linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study, the electrolyte was found to be electrochemically constant as the voltage sweeps linearly up to 1.25 V. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve covered most of the area of the current–potential plot with no redox peaks and the sweep rate was found to be affecting the capacitance. The electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has shown a great performance of specific capacitance (108.3 F/g), ESR(47.8 ohm), energy density (12.2 W/kg) and power density (1743.4 W/kg) for complete 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2.
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18
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Aziz SB, Asnawi ASFM, Kadir MFZ, Alshehri SM, Ahamad T, Yusof YM, Hadi JM. Structural, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Glycerolized Biopolymers Based on Chitosan (CS): Methylcellulose (MC) for Energy Storage Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081183. [PMID: 33916979 PMCID: PMC8067534 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a pair of biopolymer materials has been used to prepare high ion-conducting electrolytes for energy storage application (ESA). The chitosan:methylcellulose (CS:MC) blend was selected as a host for the ammonium thiocyanate NH4SCN dopant salt. Three different concentrations of glycerol was successfully incorporated as a plasticizer into the CS–MC–NH4SCN electrolyte system. The structural, electrical, and ion transport properties were investigated. The highest conductivity of 2.29 × 10−4 S cm−1 is recorded for the electrolyte incorporated 42 wt.% of plasticizer. The complexation and interaction of polymer electrolyte components are studied using the FTIR spectra. The deconvolution (DVN) of FTIR peaks as a sensitive method was used to calculate ion transport parameters. The percentage of free ions is found to influence the transport parameters of number density (n), ionic mobility (µ), and diffusion coefficient (D). All electrolytes in this work obey the non-Debye behavior. The highest conductivity electrolyte exhibits the dominancy of ions, where the ionic transference number, tion value of (0.976) is near to infinity with a voltage of breakdown of 2.11 V. The fabricated electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) achieves the highest specific capacitance, Cs of 98.08 F/g at 10 mV/s by using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia; (A.S.F.M.A.); (Y.M.Y.)
| | | | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Yuhanees M. Yusof
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia; (A.S.F.M.A.); (Y.M.Y.)
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
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19
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Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Hamsan MH, Ghareeb HO, Nofal MM, Karim WO, Asnawi ASFM, Hadi JM, Kadir MFZA. A Polymer Blend Electrolyte Based on CS with Enhanced Ion Transport and Electrochemical Properties for Electrical Double Layer Capacitor Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060930. [PMID: 33803001 PMCID: PMC8002724 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of energy storage EDLC in this work is achieved with the implementation of a conducting chitosan–methylcellulose–NH4NO3–glycerol polymer electrolyte system. The simple solution cast method has been used to prepare the electrolyte. The impedance of the samples was fitted with equivalent circuits to design the circuit diagram. The parameters associated with ion transport are well studied at various plasticizer concentrations. The FTIR investigation has been done on the films to detect the interaction that occurs among plasticizer and polymer electrolyte. To get more insights into ion transport parameters, the FTIR was deconvoluted. The transport properties achieved from both impedance and FTIR are discussed in detail. It was discovered that the transport parameter findings are in good agreement with both impedance and FTIR studies. A sample with high transport properties was characterized for ion dominancy and stability through the TNM and LSV investigations. The dominancy of ions in the electrolyte verified as the tion of the electrolyte is established to be 0.933 whereas it is potentially stable up to 1.87 V. The rechargeability of the EDLC is steady up to 500 cycles. The internal resistance, energy density, and power density of the EDLC at the 1st cycle are 53 ohms, 6.97 Wh/kg, and 1941 W/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence:
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- General Science Department, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhamad H. Hamsan
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.H.H.); (M.F.Z.A.K.)
| | - Hewa O. Ghareeb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (H.O.G.); (W.O.K.)
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and General Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wrya O. Karim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (H.O.G.); (W.O.K.)
| | - Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Alor Gajah, Malacca 78000, Malaysia;
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
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