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Trivedi A, Bose D, Moffat K, Pearson E, Walsh D, Cohen D, Skupsky J, Chao L, Golier J, Janulewicz P, Sullivan K, Krengel M, Tuteja A, Klimas N, Chatterjee S. Gulf War Illness Is Associated with Host Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Is Linked to Altered Species Abundance in Veterans from the BBRAIN Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1102. [PMID: 39200711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a debilitating condition marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive problems, pain, and gastrointestinal (GI) complaints in veterans who were deployed to the 1990-1991 Gulf War. Fatigue, GI complaints, and other chronic symptoms continue to persist more than 30 years post-deployment. Several potential mechanisms for the persistent illness have been identified and our prior pilot study linked an altered gut microbiome with the disorder. This study further validates and builds on our prior preliminary findings of host gut microbiome dysbiosis in veterans with GWI. Using stool samples and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) data from 89 GW veteran participants (63 GWI cases and 26 controls) from the Boston biorepository, recruitment, and integrative network (BBRAIN) for Gulf War Illness, we found that the host gut bacterial signature of veterans with GWI showed significantly different Bray-Curtis beta diversity than control veterans. Specifically, a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, decrease in Akkermansia sp., Bacteroides thetaiotamicron, Bacteroides fragilis, and Lachnospiraceae genera and increase in Blautia, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, and Clostridium genera, that are associated with gut, immune, and brain health, were shown. Further, using MaAsLin and Boruta algorithms, Coprococcus and Eisenbergiella were identified as important predictors of GWI with an area under the curve ROC predictive value of 74.8%. Higher self-reported MFI scores in veterans with GWI were also significantly associated with an altered gut bacterial diversity and species abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Blautia. These results suggest potential therapeutic targets for veterans with GWI that target the gut microbiome and specific symptoms of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Trivedi
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | - Devra Cohen
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Jonathan Skupsky
- VA Research and Development, VA Long Beach Health Care, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Linda Chao
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julia Golier
- J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Psychiatry Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patricia Janulewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St. T4W, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St. T4W, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Maxine Krengel
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Ashok Tuteja
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Miami VA Heathcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease, UCI School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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2
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Wu PN, Liu JL, Fang MJ, Fu XS, Wei JL, Wang Y, Qian HH, Zhang D. Global trends in colorectal cancer and metabolic syndrome research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:3723-3733. [PMID: 38498393 PMCID: PMC11175816 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated a robust correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, no systematic analysis or visualization of relevant publications has been conducted via bibliometrics. This research, centred on 616 publications obtainable through the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), employed CiteSpace software and VOSviewer software for correlation analyses of authors, journals, institutions, countries, keywords, and citations. The findings indicate that the Public Library of Science had the highest number of publications, while the United States, China, and South Korea were the most contributory nations. Recent years have seen the mechanisms linking Metabolic Syndrome with Colorectal Cancer, including diet, obesity, insulin resistance, and intestinal flora, remain a burgeoning research area. Furthermore, bariatric surgery appears to be a promising new area of study. This paper presents the initial bibliometric and visualization analysis of research literature concerning CRC and MetS which examines research trends and hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai-Hua Qian
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Wu T, Zeng Z, Yu Y. Role of Probiotics in Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model: A Comparative Study. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1020. [PMID: 38792849 PMCID: PMC11124503 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide. Numerous studies conducted recently have demonstrated a connection between the dysbiosis of the development of NAFLD and gut microbiota. Rebuilding a healthy gut ecology has been proposed as a strategy involving the use of probiotics. The purpose of this work is to investigate and compare the function of probiotics Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and VSL#3 in NAFLD mice. Rodent NAFLD was modeled using a methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) with/without oral probiotic delivery. Subsequently, qPCR, histological staining, and liver function tests were conducted. Mass spectrometry-based analysis and 16S rDNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the liver metabolome and gut microbiota. We found that while both A. muciniphila and VSL#3 reduced hepatic fat content, A. muciniphila outperformed VSL#3. Furthermore, probiotic treatment restored the β diversity of the gut flora and A. muciniphila decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Ileibacterium valens. These probiotics altered the metabolism in MCD mice, especially the glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, our findings distinguished the role of A. muciniphila and VSL#3 in NAFLD and indicated that oral-gavage probiotics remodel gut microbiota and improve metabolism, raising the possibility of using probiotics in the cure of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;
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Qiu XX, Cheng SL, Liu YH, Li Y, Zhang R, Li NN, Li Z. Fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mechanism, clinical evidence, and prospect. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:833-842. [PMID: 38516241 PMCID: PMC10950639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The population of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients along with relevant advanced liver disease is projected to continue growing, because currently no medications are approved for treatment. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is believed a novel and promising therapeutic approach based on the concept of the gut-liver axis in liver disease. There has been an increase in the number of pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating FMT in NAFLD treatment, however, existing findings diverge on its effects. Herein, we briefly summarized the mechanism of FMT for NAFLD treatment, reviewed randomized controlled trials for evaluating its efficacy in NAFLD, and proposed the prospect of future trials on FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Qiu
- Research and Education Department, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng-Li Cheng
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe County People’s Hospital of Anhui Province, Fuyang 236600, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Nan-Nan Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Fortunato IM, Pereira QC, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Metabolic Insights into Caffeine's Anti-Adipogenic Effects: An Exploration through Intestinal Microbiota Modulation in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1803. [PMID: 38339081 PMCID: PMC10855966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic condition marked by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, not only affects individual well-being but also significantly inflates healthcare costs. The physiological excess of fat manifests as triglyceride (TG) deposition within adipose tissue, with white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion via adipocyte hyperplasia being a key adipogenesis mechanism. As efforts intensify to address this global health crisis, understanding the complex interplay of contributing factors becomes critical for effective public health interventions and improved patient outcomes. In this context, gut microbiota-derived metabolites play an important role in orchestrating obesity modulation. Microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), secondary bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and trimethylamine (TMA) are the main intestinal metabolites in dyslipidemic states. Emerging evidence highlights the microbiota's substantial role in influencing host metabolism and subsequent health outcomes, presenting new avenues for therapeutic strategies, including polyphenol-based manipulations of these microbial populations. Among various agents, caffeine emerges as a potent modulator of metabolic pathways, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and obesity-mitigating properties. Notably, caffeine's anti-adipogenic potential, attributed to the downregulation of key adipogenesis regulators, has been established. Recent findings further indicate that caffeine's influence on obesity may be mediated through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolic byproducts. Therefore, the present review summarizes the anti-adipogenic effect of caffeine in modulating obesity through the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
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Zhao S, Hörkkö S, Savolainen MJ, Koivukangas V, Mäkinen VP, Ala-Korpela M, Hukkanen J. Short-Term Metabolic Changes and Their Physiological Mediators in the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2024; 34:625-634. [PMID: 38191968 PMCID: PMC10810963 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a common bariatric surgery to treat obesity. Its metabolic consequences are favourable and long-term clinical corollaries beneficial. However, detailed assessments of various affected metabolic pathways and their mediating physiological factors are scarce. METHODS We performed a clinical study with 30 RYGB patients in preoperative and 6-month postoperative visits. NMR metabolomics was applied to profiling of systemic metabolism via 80 molecular traits, representing core cardiometabolic pathways. Glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and apolipoprotein B-48 were measured with standard assays. Logistic regression models of the surgery effect were used for each metabolic measure and assessed individually for multiple mediating physiological factors. RESULTS Changes in insulin concentrations reflected those of BMI with robust decreases due to the surgery. Six months after the surgery, triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B-100 were decreased -24%, -18%, and -14%, respectively. Lactate and glycoprotein acetyls, a systemic inflammation biomarker, decreased -16% and -9%, respectively. The concentrations of branched-chain (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and aromatic (phenylalanine and tyrosine) amino acids decreased after the surgery between -17% for tyrosine and -23% for leucine. Except for the most prominent metabolic changes observed for the BCAAs, all changes were almost completely mediated by weight change and insulin. Glucose and type 2 diabetes had clearly weaker effects on the metabolic changes. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive metabolic analyses indicate that weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity during the 6 months after the RYGB surgery are the key physiological outcomes mediating the short-term advantageous metabolic effects of RYGB. The clinical study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01330251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhao
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Yarahmadi A, Afkhami H. The role of microbiomes in gastrointestinal cancers: new insights. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1344328. [PMID: 38361500 PMCID: PMC10867565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1344328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute more than 33% of new cancer cases worldwide and pose a considerable burden on public health. There exists a growing body of evidence that has systematically recorded an upward trajectory in GI malignancies within the last 5 to 10 years, thus presenting a formidable menace to the health of the human population. The perturbations in GI microbiota may have a noteworthy influence on the advancement of GI cancers; however, the precise mechanisms behind this association are still not comprehensively understood. Some bacteria have been observed to support cancer development, while others seem to provide a safeguard against it. Recent studies have indicated that alterations in the composition and abundance of microbiomes could be associated with the progression of various GI cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, hepatic, and esophageal cancers. Within this comprehensive analysis, we examine the significance of microbiomes, particularly those located in the intestines, in GI cancers. Furthermore, we explore the impact of microbiomes on various treatment modalities for GI cancer, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Additionally, we delve into the intricate mechanisms through which intestinal microbes influence the efficacy of GI cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Tan Y, Huang Z, Liu Y, Li X, Stalin A, Fan X, Wu Z, Wu C, Lu S, Zhang F, Chen M, Huang J, Cheng G, Li B, Guo S, Yang Y, Zhang S, Wu J. Integrated serum pharmacochemistry, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics to reveal the material basis and mechanism of Yinzhihuang granule against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116418. [PMID: 36990301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yinzhihuang granule (YZHG) has liver protective effect and can be used for clinical treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its material basis and mechanism need to be further clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to reveal the material basis and mechanism of YZHG treating NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum pharmacochemistry were employed to identify the components from YZHG. The potential targets of YZHG against NAFLD were predicted by system biology and then preliminarily verified by molecular docking. Furthermore, the functional mechanism of YZHG in NAFLD mice was elucidated by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS From YZHG, 52 compounds were identified, of which 42 were absorbed into the blood. Network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that YZHG treats NAFLD with multi-components and multi-targets. YZHG can improve the levels of blood lipids, liver enzymes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors in NAFLD mice. YZHG can also significantly improve the diversity and richness of intestinal flora and regulate glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. Moreover, Western Blot experiment showed that YZHG can regulate liver lipid metabolism and enhance intestinal barrier function. CONCLUSIONS YZHG may treat NAFLD by improving the disruption of intestinal flora and enhancing the intestinal barrier. This will reduce the invasion of LPS into the liver subsequently regulate liver lipid metabolism and reduce liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhishan Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Meilin Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, 276017, China.
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, 276017, China.
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Wang M, Huang Y, Xin M, Li T, Wang X, Fang Y, Liang S, Cai T, Xu X, Dong L, Wang C, Xu Z, Song X, Li J, Zheng Y, Sun W, Li L. The impact of microbially modified metabolites associated with obesity and bariatric surgery on antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156471. [PMID: 37266441 PMCID: PMC10230250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of many types of cancers. Patients with obesity and cancer present with features of a disordered gut microbiota and metabolism, which may inhibit the physiological immune response to tumors and possibly damage immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, bariatric surgery has become increasingly common and is recognized as an effective strategy for long-term weight loss; furthermore, bariatric surgery can induce favorable changes in the gut microbiota. Some studies have found that microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inosine bile acids and spermidine, play an important role in anticancer immunity. In this review, we describe the changes in microbial metabolites initiated by bariatric surgery and discuss the effects of these metabolites on anticancer immunity. This review attempts to clarify the relationship between alterations in microbial metabolites due to bariatric surgery and the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Furthermore, this review seeks to provide strategies for the development of microbial metabolites mimicking the benefits of bariatric surgery with the aim of improving therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients who have not received bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Tianxing Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yini Fang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengbao Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Laferrère B. Determination of autoantibodies in type 2 diabetes: one simple way to improve classification. Reply by Laferrère to Ludvigsson J [letter]. Diabetologia 2023; 66:960-961. [PMID: 36717406 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Laferrère
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Albaugh VL, He Y, Münzberg H, Morrison CD, Yu S, Berthoud HR. Regulation of body weight: Lessons learned from bariatric surgery. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101517. [PMID: 35644477 PMCID: PMC9938317 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric or weight loss surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Unlike dieting and pharmacology, its beneficial effects are sustained over decades in most patients, and mortality is among the lowest for major surgery. Because there are not nearly enough surgeons to implement bariatric surgery on a global scale, intensive research efforts have begun to identify its mechanisms of action on a molecular level in order to replace surgery with targeted behavioral or pharmacological treatments. To date, however, there is no consensus as to the critical mechanisms involved. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of this non-systematic review is to evaluate the existing evidence for specific molecular and inter-organ signaling pathways that play major roles in bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and metabolic benefits, with a focus on Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), in both humans and rodents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Gut-brain communication and its brain targets of food intake control and energy balance regulation are complex and redundant. Although the relatively young science of bariatric surgery has generated a number of hypotheses, no clear and unique mechanism has yet emerged. It seems increasingly likely that the broad physiological and behavioral effects produced by bariatric surgery do not involve a single mechanism, but rather multiple signaling pathways. Besides a need to improve and better validate surgeries in animals, advanced techniques, including inducible, tissue-specific knockout models, and the use of humanized physiological traits will be necessary. State-of-the-art genetically-guided neural identification techniques should be used to more selectively manipulate function-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Translational and Integrative Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Research Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sangho Yu
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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12
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Wang G, Wang Y, Bai J, Li G, Liu Y, Deng S, Zhou R, Tao K, Xia Z. Increased plasma genistein after bariatric surgery could promote remission of NAFLD in patients with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1024769. [PMID: 36686492 PMCID: PMC9846086 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1024769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery is associated with a positive effect on the progress of non-alcoholic associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although weight loss is the obvious mechanism, there are also weight-independent mechanisms. Methods We collected blood samples from 5 patients with obesity before and 3 months after surgery and performed an LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics test to detect potential systemic changes. We also constructed sleeve gastrectomy (SG) mice models. The plasma, liver and intestine samples were collected and analyzed by qPCR, ELISA and HPLC. Cohousing experiments and feces transplantation experiments were performed on mice to study the effect of gut microbiota. Genistein administration experiments were used to study the in vivo function of the metabolites. Results Plasma genistein (GE) was identified to be elevated after surgery. Both clinical data and rodent models suggested that plasma GE is negatively related to the degree of NAFLD. We fed diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with GE, and we found that there was significant remission of NAFLD. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that GE could restrict the inflammation state in the liver and thus relieve NAFLD. Finally, we used co-housing experiments to alter the gut microbiota in mice, and it was identified that sleeve gastrectomy (SG) mice had a special gut microbiota phenotype, which could result in higher plasma GE levels. By feces transplantation experiment (FMT), we found that only feces from the SG mice (and not from other lean mice) could induce higher plasma GE levels. Conclusion Our studies showed that SG but not calorie restriction could induce higher plasma GE levels by altering the gut microbiota. This change could promote NAFLD remission. Our study provides new insights into the systemic effects of bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery could affect remote organs via altered metabolites from the gut microbiota. Our study also identified that additional supplement of GE after surgery could be a therapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichang Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zefeng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Association between Fecal Microbiota, SCFA, Gut Integrity Markers and Depressive Symptoms in Patients Treated in the Past with Bariatric Surgery-The Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245372. [PMID: 36558532 PMCID: PMC9781380 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Depressive symptoms often appear after surgical treatment. (2) Methods: We involved 41 adults who underwent bariatric surgery a minimum of 6 months before the study and had the Beck scale ≥12. We analysed patients' mental state, gut barrier markers, faecal short chain fatty acids, and microbiota. (3) Results: Gut microbiota composition differed significantly among patients undergoing two different types of surgery (F = 1.64, p = 0.00002). Additionally, we discovered an association between short chain fatty acids and the Beck scale (F = 1.22, p = 0.058). The rearrangement of bacterial metabolites may be due to the patients' use of increased dietary protein, with insufficient intake of products containing vegetable fiber (Diet Quality Index (DQI-I )adequacy 22.55 (±3.46) points). (4) Conclusions: Bariatric surgery affects the gut microbiota, which may play an important role in the development of depressive and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients after bariatric surgery. Low fiber consumption and increased levels of faecal isobutyric acid may lead to intestinal inflammation. There is a need for further research on this topic including a larger sample size.
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14
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Xia Y, Ren M, Yang J, Cai C, Cheng W, Zhou X, Lu D, Ji F. Gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in NAFLD and after bariatric surgery: Correlation and causality. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003755. [PMID: 36204626 PMCID: PMC9531827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently related to a heavy socioeconomic burden and increased incidence. Since obesity is the most prevalent risk factor for NAFLD, weight loss is an effective therapeutic solution. Bariatric surgery (BS), which can achieve long-term weight loss, improves the overall health of patients with NAFLD. The two most common surgeries are the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. The gut-liver axis is the complex network of cross-talking between the gut, its microbiome, and the liver. The gut microbiome, involved in the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis, is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic improvement after BS. Alterations in the gut microbiome in NAFLD have been confirmed compared to that in healthy individuals. The mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to NAFLD have been proposed, including increased intestinal permeability, higher energy intake, and other pathophysiological alterations. Interestingly, several correlation studies suggested that the gut microbial signatures after BS become more similar to those of lean, healthy controls than that of patients with NAFLD. The resolution of NAFLD after BS is related to changes in the gut microbiome and its metabolites. However, confirming a causal link remains challenging. This review summarizes characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with NAFLD before and after BS and accumulates existing evidence about the underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinpu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changzhou Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Ji,
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health issue and has ultimately progressed to an end-stage renal disease that requires life-long dialysis or renal transplantation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of these pathological development and progression remains to be fully understood. The human gut microbiota is made up of approximately 100 trillion microbial cells including anaerobic and aerobic species. In recent years, more and more evidence has indicated a clear association between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and CKD including immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease. The current review describes gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolites in patients with CKD thus helping to understand human disease. Treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and natural products can attenuate CKD through improving dysbiosis of gut microbiota, indicating a novel intervention strategy in patients with CKD. This review also discusses therapeutic options, such as prebiotics, probiotics and natural products, for targeting dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients to provide more specific concept-driven therapy strategy for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Thalla S, Kamaraj R, Kavitha A. Increasing risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a look into chronic periodontitis and insulin resistance. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:807-814. [PMID: 34983354 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220104095534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is marked by the excessive intrusion of triglycerides into hepatocytes without any role of alcohol consumption. Various risk factors have been attributed to this disease pathogenesis which involves metabolic disorders, immune response, and even an intricate relationship between the two. The role of insulin resistance (IR) in NAFLD has long been known; however, the molecular basis of disease progression under this metabolic backdrop is still being investigated. Similarly, the periodontitis-mediated immune response is another major factor involved in NAFLD manifestation which has generated huge interest. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria elicits a strong immune response which according to studies shows a strong correlation with NAFLD state. Such pre-existing conditions have a strong probability of explaining the disease onset. Additionally, increasing reports of inflammatory response and its links to insulin resistance have further increased the scope of understanding NAFLD. Through this review, we aim to elaborate on these factors explaining their role in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenu Thalla
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankalathur, Tamil Nadu - 603203
| | - Kamaraj R
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankalathur, Tamil Nadu - 603203
| | - Kavitha A
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guntur Medical College & Government General Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh - 522004
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Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010056. [PMID: 35053205 PMCID: PMC8774162 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD begins as a relatively benign hepatic steatosis which can evolve to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases when fibrosis is present. NAFLD represents a complex process implicating numerous factors—genetic, metabolic, and dietary—intertwined in a multi-hit etiopathogenetic model. Recent data have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis, which may render the bowel more permeable, leading to increased free fatty acid absorption, bacterial migration, and a parallel release of toxic bacterial products, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proinflammatory cytokines that initiate and sustain inflammation. Although gut dysbiosis is present in each disease stage, there is currently no single microbial signature to distinguish or predict which patients will evolve from NAFLD to NASH and HCC. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the majority of patients with NAFLD/NASH exhibit increased numbers of Bacteroidetes and differences in the presence of Firmicutes, resulting in a decreased F/B ratio in most studies. They also present an increased proportion of species belonging to Clostridium, Anaerobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Lactobacillus, whereas Oscillibacter, Flavonifaractor, Odoribacter, and Alistipes spp. are less prominent. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with NASH show a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia spp., while Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila are diminished. Children with NAFLD/NASH have a decreased proportion of Oscillospira spp. accompanied by an elevated proportion of Dorea, Blautia, Prevotella copri, and Ruminococcus spp. Gut microbiota composition may vary between population groups and different stages of NAFLD, making any conclusive or causative claims about gut microbiota profiles in NAFLD patients challenging. Moreover, various metabolites may be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, bile acids, choline and trimethylamine-N-oxide, and ammonia. In this review, we summarize the role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis, and we discuss potential preventive and therapeutic interventions related to the gut microbiome, such as the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and bacteriophages, as well as the contribution of bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation in the therapeutic armamentarium against NAFLD. Larger and longer-term prospective studies, including well-defined cohorts as well as a multi-omics approach, are required to better identify the associations between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and NAFLD occurrence and progression.
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Robinson EJ, Taddeo MC, Chu X, Shi W, Wood C, Still C, Rovnyak VG, Rovnyak D. Aqueous Metabolite Trends for the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Female Bariatric Surgery Patients by Targeted 1H-NMR Metabolomics. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110737. [PMID: 34822395 PMCID: PMC8619318 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining biomarkers and better characterizing the biochemical progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a clinical challenge. A targeted 1H-NMR study of serum, combined with clinical variables, detected and localized biomarkers to stages of NAFLD in morbidly obese females. Pre-surgery serum samples from 100 middle-aged, morbidly obese female subjects, grouped on gold-standard liver wedge biopsies (non-NAFLD; steatosis; and fibrosis) were collected, extracted, and analyzed in aqueous (D2O) buffer (1H, 600 MHz). Profiled concentrations were subjected to exploratory statistical analysis. Metabolites varying significantly between the non-NAFLD and steatosis groups included the ketone bodies 3-hydroxybutyrate (↓; p = 0.035) and acetone (↓; p = 0.012), and also alanine (↑; p = 0.004) and a putative pyruvate signal (↑; p = 0.003). In contrast, the steatosis and fibrosis groups were characterized by 2-hydroxyisovalerate (↑; p = 0.023), betaine (↓; p = 0.008), hypoxanthine (↓; p = 0.003), taurine (↓; p = 0.001), 2-hydroxybutyrate (↑; p = 0.045), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (↑; p = 0.046), and increasing medium chain fatty acids. Exploratory classification models with and without clinical variables exhibited overall success rates ca. 75–85%. In the study conditions, inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and disruption of the hepatic urea cycle are supported as early features of NAFLD that continue in fibrosis. In fibrosis, markers support inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and decreased liver function. Complementarity of NMR concentrations and clinical information in classification models is shown. A broader hypothesis that standard-of-care sera can yield metabolomic information is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA; (E.J.R.); (M.C.T.)
| | - Matthew C. Taddeo
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA; (E.J.R.); (M.C.T.)
| | - Xin Chu
- The Obesity Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (X.C.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Weixing Shi
- The Obesity Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (X.C.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Craig Wood
- The Obesity Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (X.C.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Christopher Still
- The Obesity Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA; (X.C.); (W.S.); (C.W.); (C.S.)
| | | | - David Rovnyak
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA; (E.J.R.); (M.C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Zwartjes MSZ, Gerdes VEA, Nieuwdorp M. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Produced Metabolites in Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Its Interventions. Metabolites 2021; 11:531. [PMID: 34436472 PMCID: PMC8398981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an increasing problem worldwide and is often, but not invariably, associated with dyslipidemia. The gut microbiota is increasingly linked to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, relatively little focus has been attributed to the role of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of dyslipidemia and alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss current data involved in these processes and point out the therapeutic potentials. We cover the ability of gut microbiota metabolites to alter lipoprotein lipase action, VLDL secretion, and plasma triglyceride levels, and its effects on reverse cholesterol transport, adipocyte dysfunction, and adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, the current intervention strategies for treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia is addressed with emphasis on the role of gut microbiota metabolites and its ability to predict treatment efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max S. Z. Zwartjes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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