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Zheng H, Sechi LA, Navarese EP, Casu G, Vidili G. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive review. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:346. [PMID: 39342178 PMCID: PMC11439309 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), poses a significant global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence and strong association with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the MASLD-CVD relationship, compares analysis of how different terminologies for fatty liver disease affect cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment using different diagnostic criteria, explores the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting MASLD to CVD, the influence of MASLD on traditional CV risk factors, the role of noninvasive imaging techniques and biomarkers in the assessment of CV risk in patients with MASLD, and the implications for clinical management and prevention strategies. By incorporating current research and clinical guidelines, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between MASLD and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Complex Structure of Microbiology and Virology, AOU Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eliano Pio Navarese
- Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Clinical and Interventional Cardiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gavino Casu
- Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Clinical and Interventional Cardiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Azienda Ospedaliero, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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Sato S, Iino C, Sasada T, Soma G, Furusawa K, Yoshida K, Sawada K, Mikami T, Nakaji S, Sakuraba H, Fukuda S. Epidemiological Study on the Interaction between the PNPLA3 (rs738409) and Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1172. [PMID: 39336763 PMCID: PMC11430940 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many factors are associated with the development and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); however, genetics and gut microbiota are representative factors. Recent studies have highlighted the link between host genes and the gut microbiota. Although there have been many studies on the separate effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gut bacteria on MASLD, few epidemiological studies have examined how SNPs and gut bacteria interact in the development and progression of MASLD. This study aimed to investigate the association between PNPLA3 rs738409, a representative MASLD-related SNP, and gut bacteria in MASLD using a cross-sectional study of the general population. The 526 participants (318 normal and 208 MASLD groups) were grouped into the PNPLA3 rs738409 SNP, CC, CG, and GG genotypes, and the differences in the gut microbiota were investigated in each group. The PNPLA3 rs738409 CC and CG genotypes were associated with decreased Blautia and Ruminococcaceae in the MASLD group. They were negatively correlated with controlled attenuation parameter levels, body mass index, serum blood glucose, and triglycerides. In contrast, there was no association between the normal and MASLD groups and the gut bacteria in the PNPLA3 rs738409, the GG genotype group. This finding implies that dietary interventions and probiotics may be more effective in preventing and treating MASLD in individuals with the PNPLA3 rs738409 CC and CG genotypes. In contrast, their efficacy may be limited in those with the GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Chikara Iino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sasada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Go Soma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keisuke Furusawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Bouare N, Delwaide J. Interleukin-mediated therapies in liver diseases and comorbidity effects. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:980-989. [PMID: 39086534 PMCID: PMC11287617 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i7.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines like interleukins (ILs) play important roles in inflammation and innate immune. Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases. They described the role of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of hepatic disorders. The authors summarized alcohol-related liver disease and virus-induced hepatitis, as far as clinical studies a fortiori carried out on IL-mediated treatments pertaining to these dysfunctions. This editorial contributes to the review by Yang and Zhang titled, "Interleukins in liver disease treatment", and focuses on therapies mediated by ILs in comorbid liver diseases. The documentary search was conducted on recent pertinent literature, primarily using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhoum Bouare
- Department of Quality, Hygien, Biosafety/Biosecurity and Pharmacovigilence, National Institute of Public Health, Bamako 1771, Mali.
| | - Jean Delwaide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHULiege, Liege 4000, Belgium
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Sandireddy R, Sakthivel S, Gupta P, Behari J, Tripathi M, Singh BK. Systemic impacts of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on heart, muscle, and kidney related diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1433857. [PMID: 39086662 PMCID: PMC11289778 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1433857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common liver disorder worldwide, with an estimated global prevalence of more than 31%. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a progressive form of MASLD characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the extrahepatic manifestations of MASH, focusing on chronic diseases related to the cardiovascular, muscular, and renal systems. A systematic review of published studies and literature was conducted to summarize the findings related to the systemic impacts of MASLD and MASH. The review focused on the association of MASLD and MASH with metabolic comorbidities, cardiovascular mortality, sarcopenia, and chronic kidney disease. Mechanistic insights into the concept of lipotoxic inflammatory "spill over" from the MASH-affected liver were also explored. MASLD and MASH are highly associated (50%-80%) with other metabolic comorbidities such as impaired insulin response, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Furthermore, more than 90% of obese patients with type 2 diabetes have MASH. Data suggest that in middle-aged individuals (especially those aged 45-54), MASLD is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, sarcopenia, and chronic kidney disease. The concept of lipotoxic inflammatory "spill over" from the MASH-affected liver plays a crucial role in mediating the systemic pathological effects observed. Understanding the multifaceted impact of MASH on the heart, muscle, and kidney is crucial for early detection and risk stratification. This knowledge is also timely for implementing comprehensive disease management strategies addressing multi-organ involvement in MASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Klisic A, Patoulias D, Isenovic ER. Editorial: Oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiometabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1397836. [PMID: 38586462 PMCID: PMC10995309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1397836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klisic
- Department for Biochemistry, University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “Hippokration”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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