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Urzì C, Meyer C, Mathis D, Vermathen P, Nuoffer JM. Intra- and extracellular real-time analysis of perfused fibroblasts using an NMR bioreactor: A pilot study. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 39233469 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomic discrimination of different mitochondrial defects is challenging. We describe an NMR-based bioreactor allowing real-time intra- and extracellular metabolic investigation of perfused fibroblasts. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is (I) determining whether metabolic investigations of perfused fibroblasts overall and separated for intra- and extracellular contributions by real-time NMR allows for discrimination of different representative mitochondrial defects in a feasibility study and (II) gaining insight into physiological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in basal condition and during glycolysis inhibition. METHODS Overall, intra- and extracellular metabolomes of malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), complex I (CI) deficient fibroblasts, and control fibroblasts were investigated under standard culture conditions and under glycolysis inhibition. In addition to "overall" metabolite quantification, intra- and extracellular metabolic contributions were separated based on diffusion rate differences. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overall metabolites: Chemometric analysis of the entire metabolome revealed good separation between control, PDH and MDH2, while CI was less well separated. However, mixed intra- and extracellular changes complicated interpretation of the cellular metabolism. Intra- and extracellular metabolites: Compartment specific chemometrics revealed possibly augmenting metabolomic separation between control and deficient cell lines under basal and inhibition condition. All mitochondrial defects exhibited upregulation of glycolytic metabolism compared to controls. Inhibition of glycolysis resulted in perturbations of other metabolic pathways such as glutaminolysis, alanine, arginine, glutamate, and proline metabolism. MDH2 showed upregulation of alanine and glutamate metabolism, while the CI defect revealed lower intracellular arginine and downregulation of glutamate and arginine-dependent proline synthesis. CONCLUSION Discrimination of intra- and extracellular metabolic contributions helps understanding the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders, uncovers potential metabolic biomarkers, and unravels metabolic pathway-specific adaptations in response to metabolic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Urzì
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Meyer
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Li M, Lin L, Xue F, Gao W, Xu X, Huang H. Metabolomics of Mice with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treated by Acupuncture. Int J Endocrinol 2024; 2024:5568337. [PMID: 38633528 PMCID: PMC11023731 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5568337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the effects of acupuncture on endogenous metabolites in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice-based metabolomics. Methods Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites in the liver of mice in each group and to provide new clinical ideas for acupuncture in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by T2DM and NAFLD. Results After 4 weeks of continuous treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly in mice in the acupuncture treatment group (ATG), and the content of liver glycogen increased significantly. Based on 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis, a total of 47 metabolites were identified in the liver of T2DM with NAFLD mice, of which eight metabolites: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, adenosine, glutamate, isoleucine, ATP, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, NADP+, and leucine were significantly altered by acupuncture treatment. Through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it is found that acupuncture has an intervention effect on five metabolic pathways, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Conclusion Our study shows that acupuncture can regulate the liver metabolism mode of T2DM in NAFLD mice. It can reduce blood glucose and lipid accumulation in the liver, and these findings provide a new idea and theoretical basis for acupuncture in the treatment of diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Guo
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Linan Lin
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyu Xue
- Acupuncture and Massage Treatment Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Wanning Gao
- Encephalopathy Center, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
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Nagarajan M, Maadurshni GB, Manivannan J. Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure aggravates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response under hypertensive milieu - Impact of low dose on hepatocytes and influence of MAPK and ER stress pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114197. [PMID: 38029875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to the hazardous chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA), is almost ubiquitous. Due to the prevalence of hypertension (CVD risk factor) in the aged human population, it is necessary to explore its adverse effect in hypertensive subjects. The current study exposed the Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive Wistar rats to human exposure relevant low dose of BPA (50 μg/kg) for 30 days period. The liver biochemical parameters, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression (RT-qPCR), trace elements (ICP-MS), primary rat hepatocytes cell culture and metabolomic (1H NMR) assessments were performed. Results illustrate that BPA exposure potentiates/aggravates hypertension induced tissue abnormalities (hepatic fibrosis), oxidative stress, ACE activity, malfunction of the antioxidant system, lipid abnormalities and inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-6) expression. Also, in cells, BPA increased ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation without any impact on cytotoxicity and caspase 3 and 9 activation. Notably, BPA exposure modulate lipid metabolism (cholesterol and fatty acid) in primary hepatocytes. Finally, the influence of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, ER stress and oxidative stress during relatively high dose of BPA elicited cytotoxicity was observed. Therefore, a precise hazardous risk investigation of BPA exposure in hypertensive populations is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Fabrile MP, Ghidini S, Caligiani A, Scali F, Varrà MO, Lolli V, Alborali GL, Ianieri A, Zanardi E. 1H NMR Metabolomics on Pigs' Liver Exposed to Antibiotics Administration: An Explorative Study. Foods 2023; 12:4259. [PMID: 38231703 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
An untargeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics approach was applied as a first attempt to explore the metabolome of pigs treated with antibiotics. The final goal was to investigate the possibility of discriminating between antibiotic-treated (TX group) and untreated pigs (CTRL group), with the further perspective of identifying the authentication tools for antibiotic-free pork supply chains. In particular, 41 samples of pig liver were subjected to a biphasic extraction to recover both the polar and the non-polar metabolites, and the 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis was performed on the two separate extracts. Unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) multivariate statistical analysis of 1H NMR spectra data in the range 0-9 ppm provided metabolomic fingerprinting useful for the discrimination of pig livers based on the antibiotic treatment to which they were exposed. Moreover, within the signature patterns, significant discriminating metabolites were identified among carbohydrates, choline and derivatives, amino acids and some lipid-class molecules. The encouraging findings of this exploratory study showed the feasibility of the untargeted metabolomic approach as a novel strategy in the authentication framework of pork supply chains and open a new horizon for a more in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Fabrile
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Olga Varrà
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Veronica Lolli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Madsen S, Bak SY, Yde CC, Jensen HM, Knudsen TA, Bæch-Laursen C, Holst JJ, Laustsen C, Hedemann MS. Unravelling Effects of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract on Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Plasma Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fat Western-Style Diet. Metabolites 2023; 13:974. [PMID: 37755254 PMCID: PMC10534343 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the preventive effect on obesity-related conditions of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract (RE) in young, healthy rats fed a high-fat Western-style diet to complement the existing knowledge gap concerning the anti-obesity effects of RE in vivo. Sprague Dawley rats (71.3 ± 0.46 g) were fed a high-fat Western-style diet (WD) or WD containing either 1 g/kg feed or 4 g/kg feed RE for six weeks. A group fed standard chow served as a negative control. The treatments did not affect body weight; however, the liver fat percentage was reduced in rats fed RE, and NMR analyses of liver tissue indicated that total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver were reduced. In plasma, HDL cholesterol was increased while triglycerides were decreased. Rats fed high RE had significantly increased fasting plasma concentrations of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Proteomics analyses of liver tissue showed that RE increased enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, possibly associated with the higher fasting GLP-1 levels, which may explain the improvement of the overall lipid profile and hepatic fat accumulation. Furthermore, high levels of succinic acid in the cecal content of RE-treated animals suggested a modulation of the microbiota composition. In conclusion, our results suggest that RE may alleviate the effects of consuming a high-fat diet through increased GLP-1 secretion and changes in microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Madsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Steffen Yde Bak
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Christian Clement Yde
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Henrik Max Jensen
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Tine Ahrendt Knudsen
- IFF—Nutrition Biosciences Aps, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark; (S.Y.B.); (C.C.Y.); (H.M.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Cecilie Bæch-Laursen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.-L.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.-L.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Mette Skou Hedemann
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Titcomb TJ, Fathi F, Kaeppler MS, Beatriz Sandoval Cates S, Falco Cobra P, Markley JL, Gregory JF, Tanumihardjo SA. Inadequate Niacin Intake Disrupts Growth and Retinol Homeostasis Resulting in Higher Liver and Lower Serum Retinol Concentrations in Male Rats. J Nutr 2023; 153:2263-2273. [PMID: 37354977 PMCID: PMC10493434 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niacin-derived nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an essential cofactor for many dehydrogenase enzymes involved in vitamin A (VA) metabolism. Several countries with high prevalence of VA deficiency rely on maize, a poor source of available niacin, as a dietary staple. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the interaction of dietary niacin on VA homeostasis using male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 21 d (baseline body weight 88.3 ± 6.6 g). METHODS After 1 wk of acclimation, baseline samples were collected (n = 4). Remaining rats (n = 54) were split into 9 groups to receive low tryptophan, VA-deficient feed with 3 different amounts of niacin (0, 15, or 30 mg/kg) and 3 different oral VA doses (50, 350, or 3500 nmol/d) in a 3 × 3 design. After 4 wk, the study was terminated. Serum, livers, and small intestine were analyzed for retinoids using high-performance liquid chromatography. Niacin and metabolites were evaluated with nuclear magnetic resonance. Plasma pyridoxal-P (PLP) was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Niacin intake correlated with serum retinol concentrations (r = 0.853, P < 0.001). For rats receiving the highest VA dose, liver retinol concentrations were lower in the 30-mg/kg niacin group (5.39 ± 0.27 μmol/g) than those in the 0-mg/kg and 15-mg/kg groups (9.18 ± 0.62 and 8.75 ± 0.07 μmol/g, respectively; P ≤ 0.05 for both). This phenomenon also occurred in the lower VA doses (P ≤ 0.05 for all). Growth and tissue weight at endline were associated with niacin intake (P ≤ 0.001 for all). Plasma PLP correlated with estimated niacin intake (r = 0.814, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Optimal niacin intake is associated with lower liver VA and higher serum retinol and plasma PLP concentrations. The extent to which vitamin B intake affects VA homeostasis requires further investigation to determine if the effects are maintained in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Titcomb
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mikayla S Kaeppler
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sofía Beatriz Sandoval Cates
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paulo Falco Cobra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John L Markley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
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Urzì C, Hertig D, Meyer C, Maddah S, Nuoffer JM, Vermathen P. Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Metabolic Adaptations of 3D Cell Cultures upon Challenges in Real-Time by NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126555. [PMID: 35743000 PMCID: PMC9223855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NMR flow devices provide longitudinal real-time quantitative metabolome characterisation of living cells. However, discrimination of intra- and extracellular contributions to the spectra represents a major challenge in metabolomic NMR studies. The present NMR study demonstrates the possibility to quantitatively measure both metabolic intracellular fingerprints and extracellular footprints on human control fibroblasts by using a commercially available flow tube system with a standard 5 mm NMR probe. We performed a comprehensive 3D cell culture system characterisation. Diffusion NMR was employed for intra- and extracellular metabolites separation. In addition, complementary extracellular footprints were determined. The implemented perfused NMR bioreactor system allowed the determination of 35 metabolites and intra- and extracellular separation of 19 metabolites based on diffusion rate differences. We show the reliability and sensitivity of NMR diffusion measurements to detect metabolite concentration changes in both intra- and extracellular compartments during perfusion with different selective culture media, and upon complex I inhibition with rotenone. We also demonstrate the sensitivity of extracellular footprints to determine metabolic variations at different flow rates. The current method is of potential use for the metabolomic characterisation of defect fibroblasts and for improving physiological comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Urzì
- Departments of Biomedical Research and Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.U.); (D.H.); (C.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damian Hertig
- Departments of Biomedical Research and Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.U.); (D.H.); (C.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Meyer
- Departments of Biomedical Research and Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.U.); (D.H.); (C.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sally Maddah
- Departments of Biomedical Research and Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.U.); (D.H.); (C.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children’s Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Departments of Biomedical Research and Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (C.U.); (D.H.); (C.M.); (S.M.)
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Newton JM, Betts EL, Yiangou L, Ortega Roldan J, Tsaousis AD, Thompson GS. Establishing a Metabolite Extraction Method to Study the Metabolome of Blastocystis Using NMR. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113285. [PMID: 34072445 PMCID: PMC8199492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is an opportunistic parasite commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals. Despite its high prevalence, knowledge regarding Blastocystis biology within and outside the host is limited. Analysis of the metabolites produced by this anaerobe could provide insights that can help map its metabolism and determine its role in both health and disease. Due to its controversial pathogenicity, these metabolites could define its deterministic role in microbiome's "health" and/or subsequently resolve Blastocystis' potential impact in gastrointestinal health. A common method for elucidating the presence of these metabolites is through 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, there are currently no described benchmarked methods available to extract metabolites from Blastocystis for 1H NMR analysis. Herein, several extraction solvents, lysis methods and incubation temperatures were compared for their usefulness as an extraction protocol for this protozoan. Following extraction, the samples were freeze-dried, re-solubilized and analysed with 1H NMR. The results demonstrate that carrying out the procedure at room temperature using methanol as an extraction solvent and bead bashing as a lysis technique provides a consistent, reproducible and efficient method to extract metabolites from Blastocystis for NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Newton
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.M.N.); (E.L.B.); (L.Y.)
- Wellcome Trust Biomolecular NMR Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Emma L. Betts
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.M.N.); (E.L.B.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lyto Yiangou
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.M.N.); (E.L.B.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jose Ortega Roldan
- Wellcome Trust Biomolecular NMR Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Anastasios D. Tsaousis
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (J.M.N.); (E.L.B.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.T.); (G.S.T.)
| | - Gary S. Thompson
- Wellcome Trust Biomolecular NMR Facility, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
- Correspondence: (A.D.T.); (G.S.T.)
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Charoensin S, Laopaiboon B, Boonkum W, Phetcharaburanin J, Villareal MO, Isoda H, Duangjinda M. Thai Native Chicken as a Potential Functional Meat Source Rich in Anserine, Anserine/Carnosine, and Antioxidant Substances. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:902. [PMID: 33809894 PMCID: PMC8004088 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identified anserine and anserine/carnosine in chicken breast of Thai native chicken (TNC; 100% Thai native), Thai synthetic chicken (TSC; 50% Thai native), and Thai native crossbred chicken (TNC crossbred; 25% Thai native) compared with commercial broiler chicken (BR; 0% Thai native) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the effect on antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). We conducted experiments with a completely randomized design and explored principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify the distinguishing metabolites and relative concentrations from 1H NMR spectra among the groups. The relative concentrations and antioxidant properties among the groups were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM). This study revealed seven metabolites alanine, inositol monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and anserine/carnosine, lactate, anserine, and creatine. Lactate, anserine, and creatine were major components. In terms of PCA, the plots can distinguish BR from other groups. OPLS-DA revealed that anserine and anserine/carnosine in the chicken breast were significantly higher in TNC, TSC, and TNC crossbred than BR according to their relative concentrations and antioxidant properties (p < 0.01). Therefore, TNCs and their crossbreeds might have the potential to be functional meat sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Charoensin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.C.); (B.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Banyat Laopaiboon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.C.); (B.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.C.); (B.L.); (W.B.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Myra O. Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City 305-8572, Japan
| | - Monchai Duangjinda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.C.); (B.L.); (W.B.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
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10
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Planktonic- and Biofilm-Conditioned Media Elicit Discrete Metabolic Responses in Human Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102260. [PMID: 33050176 PMCID: PMC7650675 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) are prevalent innate immune cells, present throughout human bodily tissues where they orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses to maintain cellular homeostasis. MΦs have the capacity to display a wide array of functional phenotypes due to different microenvironmental cues, particularly soluble bacterial secretory products. Recent evidence has emerged demonstrating that metabolism supports MΦ function and plasticity, in addition to energy and biomolecular precursor production. In this study, 1D 1H-NMR-based metabolomics was used to identify the metabolic pathways that are differentially altered following primary human monocyte-derived MΦ exposure to P. aeruginosa planktonic- and biofilm-conditioned media (PCM and BCM). Metabolic profiling of PCM- and BCM-exposed MΦs indicated a significant increase in glycolytic metabolism, purine biosynthesis, and inositol phosphate metabolism. In addition, these metabolic patterns suggested that BCM-exposed MΦs exhibit a hyperinflammatory metabolic profile with reduced glycerol metabolism and elevated catabolism of lactate and amino acids, relative to PCM-exposed MΦs. Altogether, our study reveals novel findings concerning the metabolic modulation of human MΦs after exposure to secretory microbial products and contributes additional knowledge to the field of immunometabolism in MΦs.
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11
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Drabińska N, Młynarz P, de Lacy Costello B, Jones P, Mielko K, Mielnik J, Persad R, Ratcliffe NM. An Optimization of Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Urinary Volatile and Semi-Volatile Compounds and Its Application for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020; 25:E3651. [PMID: 32796601 PMCID: PMC7463579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary volatile compounds (VCs) have been recently assessed for disease diagnoses. They belong to very diverse chemical classes, and they are characterized by different volatilities, polarities and concentrations, complicating their analysis via a single analytical procedure. There remains a need for better, lower-cost methods for VC biomarker discovery. Thus, there is a strong need for alternative methods, enabling the detection of a broader range of VCs. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to optimize a simple and reliable liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedure for the analysis of VCs in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in order to obtain the maximum number of responses. Extraction parameters such as pH, type of solvent and ionic strength were optimized. Moreover, the same extracts were analyzed using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), to evaluate the applicability of a single urine extraction for multiplatform purposes. After the evaluation of experimental conditions, an LLE protocol using 2 mL of urine in the presence of 2 mL of 1 M sulfuric acid and sodium sulphate extracted with dichloromethane was found to be optimal. The optimized method was validated with the external standards and was found to be precise and linear, and allowed for detection of >400 peaks in a single run present in at least 50% of six samples-considerably more than the number of peaks detected by solid-phase microextracton fiber pre-concentration-GC-MS (328 ± 6 vs. 234 ± 4). 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the polar and non-polar extracts extended the range to >40 more (mainly low volatility compounds) metabolites (non-destructively), the majority of which were different from GC-MS. The more peaks detectable, the greater the opportunity of assessing a fingerprint of several compounds to aid biomarker discovery. In summary, we have successfully demonstrated the potential of LLE as a cheap and simple alternative for the analysis of VCs in urine, and for the first time the applicability of a single urine solvent extraction procedure for detecting a wide range of analytes using both GC-MS and 1H-NMR analysis to enhance putative biomarker detection. The proposed method will simplify the transport between laboratories and storage of samples, as compared to intact urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Ben de Lacy Costello
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | | | - Karolina Mielko
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Justyna Mielnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspianskiego, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Raj Persad
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5BN, UK;
| | - Norman Mark Ratcliffe
- Institute of Biosensor Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
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12
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Mofokeng MM, Prinsloo G, Araya HT, du Plooy CP, Sathekge NR, Amoo SO, Steyn JM. Yield and Metabolite Production of Pelargonium sidoides DC. in Response to Irrigation and Nitrogen Management. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060219. [PMID: 32471248 PMCID: PMC7345895 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition for water between agricultural and non-agricultural economic sectors hampers agricultural production, especially in water-scarce regions. Understanding crop responses in terms of yield and quality to irrigation is an important factor in designing appropriate irrigation management for optimal crop production and quality. Pelargonium sidoides DC., often harvested from the wild, is in high demand in the informal market and for commercial formulations. Agricultural production of high-quality materials through cultivation can help reduce pressure on its wild populations. This study aimed at determining the effects of water and nitrogen on P. sidoides yield and metabolite production. The irrigation treatments applied were 30%, 50%, and 70% of an allowable depletion level (ADL), while the nitrogen (N) levels were 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1. The 30% ADL resulted in a significantly higher biomass and root yield. Nitrogen at 50 and 100 kg ha−1 resulted in a significantly higher biomass yield, compared to the N control. An increase in sugars and citrate cycle components was observed for the well-watered 30% ADL treatment, whereas water-stressed (50% and 70% ADL) treatments increased alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, increasing levels of asparagine, 4-aminobutyrate, and arginine. The treatments had no significant effect on the root content of esculin, scopoletin, and umckalin. Water stress induced metabolite synthesis to mitigate the stress condition, whereas under no water stress primary metabolites were synthesized. Moreover, cultivation of P. sidoides as a conservation strategy can increase yield without affecting its bioactivity, while providing sustenance for the rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motiki M. Mofokeng
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-808-8000
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Hintsa T. Araya
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Christian P. du Plooy
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Ntshakga R. Sathekge
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Stephen O. Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant (ARC-VOP), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.T.A.); (C.P.d.P.); (S.O.A.)
| | - J. Martin Steyn
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
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13
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Beachler TM, Gracz HS, Morgan DR, Bembenek Bailey SA, Borst L, Ellis KE, Von Dollen KA, Lyle SK, Nebel A, Andrews NC, Koipalli J, Gadsby JE, Bailey CS. Plasma metabolomic profiling of healthy pregnant mares and mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:85-93. [PMID: 32187705 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics may represent an avenue for diagnosis of equine ascending placentitis. OBJECTIVES To characterise the plasma metabolomic profile in healthy mares and mares with induced ascending placentitis, with the goal of identifying metabolites with potential clinical value for early diagnosis of placentitis. STUDY DESIGN Controlled in vivo experiment. METHODS Placentitis was induced in 10 late-term pregnant pony mares via Streptococcal equi subsp. zooepidemicus inoculation in five mares between days 285 and 290 of gestation, while five mares served as healthy controls. Repeated ultrasound examinations and jugular venipuncture were performed to obtain combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) and plasma for NMR spectroscopy. Mares with increased CTUP were diagnosed with placentitis and treated in accordance with published therapeutic recommendations. NMR metabolomic analysis was performed to identify and quantify plasma metabolites at each time point. Concentrations were compared using ANOVA with repeated-measures and PLS-DA analysis. RESULTS Four hours post-inoculation, a significant increase was detected in the metabolites alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, pyruvate, citrate, glucose, creatine, glycolate, lactate and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate that returned to baseline by 12 hours. On day 4, a significant reduction in the metabolites alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, tyrosine, pyruvate, citrate, glycolate, lactate and dimethylsulfone was seen in infected mares compared with controls. MAIN LIMITATIONS There were small numbers of mares within groups. In addition, this work compares healthy animals with animals treated with multimodal therapeutics following diagnosis of placentitis without an untreated cohort. CONCLUSIONS Two phases of metabolite changes were noted after experimental infection: An immediate rise in metabolite concentration involved in energy, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen metabolism within 4 hours after inoculation that was followed by a decrease in metabolite concentrations involved in energy and nitrogen metabolism at 4 days, coinciding with ultrasonographic diagnosis of placentitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Beachler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hanna S Gracz
- Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David R Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Luke Borst
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Katey E Ellis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Karen A Von Dollen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sara K Lyle
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Amber Nebel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Natalie C Andrews
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Joanna Koipalli
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John E Gadsby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher S Bailey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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14
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Barnett BR, Fathi F, Falco Cobra P, Yi SY, Anderson JM, Eghbalnia HR, Markley JL, Yu JPJ. Metabolic Changes in Synaptosomes in an Animal Model of Schizophrenia Revealed by 1H and 1H, 13C NMR Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2020; 10:E79. [PMID: 32102223 PMCID: PMC7074231 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomes are isolated nerve terminals that contain synaptic components, including neurotransmitters, metabolites, adhesion/fusion proteins, and nerve terminal receptors. The essential role of synaptosomes in neurotransmission has stimulated keen interest in understanding both their proteomic and metabolic composition. Mass spectrometric (MS) quantification of synaptosomes has illuminated their proteomic composition, but the determination of the metabolic composition by MS has been met with limited success. In this study, we report a proof-of-concept application of one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for analyzing the metabolic composition of synaptosomes. We utilize this approach to compare the metabolic composition synaptosomes from a wild-type rat with that from a newly generated genetic rat model (Disc1 svΔ2), which qualitatively recapitulates clinically observed early DISC1 truncations associated with schizophrenia. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using NMR spectroscopy to identify and quantify metabolites within synaptosomal fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Barnett
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (B.R.B.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (F.F.); (P.F.C.); (H.R.E.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Paulo Falco Cobra
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (F.F.); (P.F.C.); (H.R.E.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Sue Y. Yi
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (B.R.B.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Hamid R. Eghbalnia
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (F.F.); (P.F.C.); (H.R.E.); (J.L.M.)
| | - John L. Markley
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (F.F.); (P.F.C.); (H.R.E.); (J.L.M.)
| | - John-Paul J. Yu
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (B.R.B.); (S.Y.Y.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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15
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Fuchs AL, Schiller SM, Keegan WJ, Ammons MCB, Eilers B, Tripet B, Copié V. Quantitative 1H NMR Metabolomics Reveal Distinct Metabolic Adaptations in Human Macrophages Following Differential Activation. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9110248. [PMID: 31652958 PMCID: PMC6918149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) are phagocytic immune cells that are found in nearly all human tissues, where they modulate innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. MΦs display a spectrum of functional phenotypes as a result of microenvironmental and stress-induced stimuli. Evidence has emerged demonstrating that metabolism is not only crucial for the generation of energy and biomolecular precursors, but also contributes to the function and plasticity of MΦs. Here, 1D 1H NMR-based metabolomics was employed to identify metabolic pathways that are differentially modulated following primary human monocyte-derived MΦ activation with pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2a) stimuli relative to resting (M0) MΦs. The metabolic profiling of M1 MΦs indicated a substantial increase in oxidative stress as well as a decrease in mitochondrial respiration. These metabolic profiles also provide compelling evidence that M1 MΦs divert metabolites from de novo glycerophospholipid synthesis to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation were significantly increased in both M1 and M2a MΦs. These metabolic patterns highlight robust metabolic activation markers of MΦ phenotypes. Overall, our study generates additional support to previous observations, presents novel findings regarding the metabolic modulation of human MΦs following activation, and contributes new knowledge to the rapidly evolving field of immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Sage M Schiller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Wyatt J Keegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Mary Cloud B Ammons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Brian Eilers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Brian Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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16
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Mathon C, Bovard D, Dutertre Q, Sendyk S, Bentley M, Hoeng J, Knorr A. Impact of sample preparation upon intracellular metabolite measurements in 3D cell culture systems. Metabolomics 2019; 15:92. [PMID: 31190156 PMCID: PMC6561993 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interest in cell culture metabolomics has increased greatly in recent years because of its many potential applications and advantages (e.g., in toxicology). The first critical step for exploring the cellular metabolome is sample preparation. For metabolomics studies, an ideal sample preparation would extract a maximum number of metabolites and would enable reproducible, accurate analysis of a large number of samples and replicates. In addition, it would provide consistent results across several studies over a relatively long time frame. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of sample preparation strategies on monitoring intracellular metabolite responses, highlighting the potential critical step(s) in order to finally improve the quality of metabolomics studies. METHODS The sample preparation strategies were evaluated by calculating the sample preparation effect, matrix factor, and process efficiency (PE) for 16 tobacco exposition-related metabolites, including nicotine, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone, their major metabolites, and glutathione, using isotopically-labelled internal standards. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). RESULTS A sample drying step increased losses or variability for some selected metabolites. By avoiding evaporation, good sample preparation recovery was obtained for these compounds. For some metabolites, the cell or culture type impacted PE and matrix factor. CONCLUSION In our sample preparation protocol, the drying-reconstitution step was identified as the main cause of metabolite losses or increased data variability during metabolomics analysis by LC-HRMS. Furthermore, PE was affected by the type of matrix. Isotopologue internal standards fully compensate losses or enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mathon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Dutertre
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Sendyk
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Bentley
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Knorr
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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17
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Cao DD, Do TQ, Doan Thi Mai H, Vu Thi Q, Nguyen MA, Le Thi HM, Tran DT, Chau VM, Cong Thung D, Pham VC. Antimicrobial lavandulylated flavonoids from a sponge-derived actinomycete. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:413-420. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Danh Cao
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Quynh Do
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Doan Thi Mai
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quyen Vu Thi
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Anh Nguyen
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong Minh Le Thi
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thach Tran
- Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University Industry Vinh, Vinh, Vietnam
| | - Van Minh Chau
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Cong Thung
- Institute of Marine Environment and Resources, VAST, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Pham
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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