1
|
Mathis D, Koch J, Koller S, Sauter K, Flück C, Uldry AC, Forny P, Froese DS, Laemmle A. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes reveal TCA cycle disruption and the potential basis for triheptanoin treatment for malate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 39:101066. [PMID: 38425868 PMCID: PMC10900122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) is crucial to cellular energy generation through direct participation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the malate aspartate shuttle (MAS). Inherited MDH2 deficiency is an ultra-rare metabolic disease caused by bi-allelic pathogenic variants in the MDH2 gene, resulting in early-onset encephalopathy, psychomotor delay, muscular hypotonia and frequent seizures. Currently, there is no cure for this devastating disease. We recently reported symptomatic improvement of a three-year-old girl with MDH2 deficiency following treatment with the triglyceride triheptanoin. Here, we aimed to better characterize this disease and improve our understanding of the potential utility of triheptanoin treatment. Using fibroblasts derived from this patient, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and differentiated them into hepatocytes (hiPSC-Heps). Characterization of patient-derived hiPSCs and hiPSC-Heps revealed significantly reduced MDH2 protein expression. Untargeted proteotyping of hiPSC-Heps revealed global dysregulation of mitochondrial proteins, including upregulation of TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Metabolomic profiling confirmed TCA cycle and MAS dysregulation, and demonstrated normalization of malate, fumarate and aspartate following treatment with the triheptanoin components glycerol and heptanoate. Taken together, our results provide the first patient-derived hiPSC-Hep-based model of MDH2 deficiency, confirm altered TCA cycle function, and provide further evidence for the implementation of triheptanoin therapy for this ultra-rare disease. Synopsis This study reveals altered expression of mitochondrial pathways including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and changes in metabolite profiles in malate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency and provides the molecular basis for triheptanoin treatment in this ultra-rare disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Mathis
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Koch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Koller
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kay Sauter
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Forny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D. Sean Froese
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Laemmle
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mathis D, Prost J, Maeder G, Arackal L, Zhang H, Kurth S, Freiburghaus K, Nuoffer J. Specific GAG ratios in the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses. JIMD Rep 2024; 65:116-123. [PMID: 38444580 PMCID: PMC10910216 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) screening is tedious and still performed by analysis of total glycosaminoglycans (GAG) using 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) photometric assay, although false positive and negative tests have been reported. Analysis of differentiated GAGs have been pursued classically by gel electrophoresis or more recently by quantitative LC-MS assays. Secondary elevations of GAGs have been reported in urinary tract infections (UTI). In this manuscript, we describe the diagnostic accuracy of urinary GAG measurements by LC-MS for MPS typing in 68 untreated MPS and mucolipidosis (ML) patients, 183 controls and 153 UTI samples. We report age-dependent reference values and cut-offs for chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and keratan sulfate (KS) and specific GAG ratios. The use of HS/DS ratio in combination to GAG concentrations normalized to creatinine improves the diagnostic accuracy in MPS type I, II, VI and VII. In total 15 samples classified to the wrong MPS type could be correctly assigned using HS/DS ratio. Increased KS/HS ratio in addition to increased KS improves discrimination of MPS type IV by excluding false positives. Some samples of UTI patients showed elevation of specific GAGs, mainly CS, KS and KS/HS ratio and could be misclassified as MPS type IV. Finally, DMB photometric assay performed in MPS and ML samples reveal four false negative tests (sensitivity of 94%). In conclusion, specific GAG ratios in complement to quantitative GAG values obtained by LC-MS enhance discrimination of MPS types. Exclusion of patients with UTI improve diagnostic accuracy in MPS IV but not in other types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Mathis
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Christophe Prost
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gabriela Maeder
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Liya Arackal
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Biochemical Genetics LaboratoryDuke University Health SystemDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sandra Kurth
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Katrin Freiburghaus
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Marc Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Errors of MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital BernBernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Levis A, Huber M, Mathis D, Filipovic MG, Stieger A, Räber L, Stueber F, Luedi MM. Levels of Circulating Ketone Bodies in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Cells 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 38391907 PMCID: PMC10886663 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies (KBs) are energy-efficient substrates utilized by the heart depending on its metabolic demand and substrate availability. Levels of circulating KBs have been shown to be elevated in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease and are associated with severity of disease in patients with heart failure and functional outcome after myocardial infarction. To investigate whether this pattern similarly applies to patients undergoing cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we analysed prospectively collected pre- and postoperative blood samples from 192 cardiac surgery patients and compared levels and perioperative changes in total KBs with Troponin T as a marker of myocardial cell injury. We explored the association of patient characteristics and comorbidities for each of the two biomarkers separately and comparatively. Median levels of KBs decreased significantly over the perioperative period and inversely correlated with changes observed for Troponin T. Associations of patient characteristics with ketone body perioperative course showed notable differences compared to Troponin T, possibly highlighting factors acting as a "driver" for the change in the respective biomarker. We found an inverse correlation between perioperative change in ketone body levels and changes in troponin, indicating a marked decrease in ketone body concentrations in patients exhibiting greater myocardial cell injury. Further investigations aimed at better understanding the role of KBs on perioperative changes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Levis
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.G.F.); (F.S.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Markus Huber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.G.F.); (F.S.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Déborah Mathis
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Mark G. Filipovic
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.G.F.); (F.S.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Andrea Stieger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain- and Rescue-Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Frank Stueber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.G.F.); (F.S.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Markus M. Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.G.F.); (F.S.); (M.M.L.)
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain- and Rescue-Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crowther LM, Poms M, Zandl-Lang M, Abela L, Hartmann H, Seiler M, Mathis D, Plecko B. Metabolomics analysis of antiquitin deficiency in cultured human cells and plasma: Relevance to pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:129-142. [PMID: 36225138 PMCID: PMC10092344 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of antiquitin (α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase), an enzyme involved in lysine degradation and encoded by ALDH7A1, is the major cause of vitamin B6 -dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1). Despite seizure control with high dose pyridoxine (PN), developmental delay still occurs in approximately 70% of patients. We aimed to investigate metabolic perturbations due to possible previously unidentified roles of antiquitin, which may contribute to developmental delay, as well as metabolic effects of high dose pyridoxine supplementation reflecting the high doses used for seizure control in patients with PDE-ALDH7A1. Untargeted metabolomics by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to analyze plasma of patients with PDE-ALDH7A1 and two independently generated lines of cultured ReNcell CX human neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) with CRISPR/Cas mediated antiquitin deficiency. Accumulation of lysine pathway metabolites in antiquitin-deficient NPCs and western-blot analysis confirmed knockdown of ALDH7A1. Metabolomics analysis of antiquitin-deficient NPCs in conditions of lysine restriction and PN supplementation identified changes in metabolites related to the transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways and osmolytes, indicating a possible unrecognized role of antiquitin outside the lysine degradation pathway. Analysis of plasma samples of PN treated patients with PDE-ALDH7A1 and antiquitin-deficient NPCs cultured in conditions comparable to the patient plasma samples demonstrated perturbation of metabolites of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, suggesting potential oxidative stress-related effects in PN-treated patients with PDE-ALDH7A1. We postulate that a model of human NPCs with CRISPR/Cas mediated antiquitin deficiency is well suited to characterize previously unreported roles of antiquitin, relevant to this most prevalent form of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Crowther
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CRC Clinical Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Intiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Poms
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CRC Clinical Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Intiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Zandl-Lang
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lucia Abela
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Hans Hartmann
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michelle Seiler
- Pediatric Emergency Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CRC Clinical Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Intiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mathis D, Croft J, Chrastina P, Fowler B, Vianey‐Saban C, Ruijter GJG. The role of ERNDIM diagnostic proficiency schemes in improving the quality of diagnostic testing for inherited metabolic diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:926-936. [PMID: 35560233 PMCID: PMC9540881 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
External quality assurance (EQA) is crucial to monitor and improve the quality of biochemical genetic testing. ERNDIM (www.erndim.org), established in 1994, aims at reliable and standardized procedures for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of inherited metabolic disease (IMD) by providing EQA schemes and educational activities. Currently, ERNDIM provides 16 different EQA schemes including quantitative schemes for various metabolite groups, and interpretive schemes such as diagnostic proficiency testing (DPT). DPT schemes focus on the ability of laboratories to correctly identify and interpret abnormalities in authentic urine samples across a wide range of IMDs. In the DPT schemes, six samples each year are distributed together with clinical information. Laboratories choose and perform the tests needed to reach a diagnosis. Data were collected on 345 samples, distributed to up to 105 laboratories worldwide. Diagnostic proficiency (the % of total points possible for all participating laboratories within a scheme for analysis and interpretation) ranged widely: amino acid disorders (n = 20), range 33%-100%, mean 84%; organic acid disorders (n = 35), range 14%-100%, mean 84%; lysosomal storage disorders (n = 13), range 20%-97%, mean 73%; purine/pyrimidine disorders (n = 9), range 37%-100%, mean 70%; miscellaneous disorders (n = 8), range 17%-100%, mean 65%; no IMD, range 65%-95%, mean 85%. When a sample with the same disorder was distributed in a subsequent survey, performance improved in 75 cases with no improvement seen in 32, suggesting overall improvement of performance. ERNDIM diagnostic proficiency testing is a valuable activity which can help to assess laboratory performance, identify methodological/technical challenges, be informative during quality audits and contribute to a better clinical appreciation of diagnostic uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Mathis
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Joanne Croft
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Newborn ScreeningSheffield Children's NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Petr Chrastina
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of MedicineCharles University in PraguePragueCzech Republic
| | - Brian Fowler
- University Children's Hospital Basel, University Children's Hospitals ZürichBasel and ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christine Vianey‐Saban
- Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCHU de LyonLyonFrance
| | - George J. G. Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic DiseasesErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lucienne M, Mathis D, Perkins N, Fingerhut R, Baumgartner MR, Froese DS. Decrease of disease-related metabolites upon fasting in a hemizygous knock-in mouse model ( Mut-ko/ki) of methylmalonic aciduria. JIMD Rep 2021; 58:44-51. [PMID: 33728246 PMCID: PMC7932858 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT) is part of the propionyl-CoA catabolic pathway, responsible for the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids and the side-chain of cholesterol. Patients with deficient activity of MMUT suffer from isolated methylmalonic aciduria (MMAuria), frequently presenting in the newborn period with failure to thrive and metabolic crisis. Even well managed patients remain at risk for metabolic crises, of which one known trigger is acute illness, which may lead to poor feeding and vomiting, putting the patient in a catabolic state. This situation is believed to result in increased breakdown of propionyl-CoA catabolic pathway precursors, producing massively elevated levels of disease related metabolites, including methylmalonic acid and propionylcarnitine. Here, we used fasting of a hemizygous mouse model (Mut-ko/ki) of MMUT deficiency to study the role of induced catabolism on metabolite production. Although mice lost weight and displayed markers consistent with a catabolic state, contrary to expectation, we found strongly reduced levels of methylmalonic acid and propionylcarnitine in fasted conditions. Switching Mut-ko/ki mice from a high-protein diet to fasted conditions, or from a standard diet to a no-protein diet, resulted in similar reductions of methylmalonic acid and propionylcarnitine levels. These results suggest, in our mouse model at least, induction of a catabolic state on its own may not be sufficient to trigger elevated metabolite levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lucienne
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- radiz – Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare DiseasesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nathan Perkins
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Swiss Newborn Screening LaboratoryUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Matthias R. Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- radiz – Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare DiseasesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - D. Sean Froese
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- radiz – Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare DiseasesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Verouti SN, Lambert D, Mathis D, Pathare G, Escher G, Vogt B, Fuster DG. Solute carrier SLC16A12 is critical for creatine and guanidinoacetate handling in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F351-F358. [PMID: 33459166 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00475.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterozygous mutation (c.643C.A; p.Q215X) in the creatine transporter SLC16A12 has been proposed to cause a syndrome with juvenile cataracts, microcornea, and glucosuria in humans. To further explore the role of SLC16A12 in renal physiology and decipher the mechanism underlying the phenotype of humans with the SLC16A12 mutation, we studied Slc16a12 knockout (KO) rats. Slc16a12 KO rats had lower plasma levels and increased absolute and fractional urinary excretion of creatine and its precursor guanidinoacetate (GAA). Slc16a12 KO rats displayed lower plasma and urinary creatinine levels, but the glomerular filtration rate was normal. The phenotype of heterozygous rats was indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) rats. Renal artery to vein (RAV) concentration differences in WT rats were negative for GAA and positive for creatinine. However, RAV differences for GAA were similar in Slc16a12 KO rats, indicating incomplete compensation of urinary GAA losses by renal GAA synthesis. Together, our results reveal that Slc16a12 in the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule is critical for the reabsorption of creatine and GAA. Our data suggest a dominant-negative mechanism underlying the phenotype of humans affected by the heterozygous SLC16A12 mutation. Furthermore, in the absence of Slc16a12, urinary losses of GAA are not adequately compensated by increased tubular synthesis, likely caused by feedback inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase by creatine in proximal tubular cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY SLC16A12 is a recently identified creatine transporter of unknown physiological function. A heterozygous mutation in the human SLC16A12 gene causes juvenile cataracts and reduced plasma guanidinoacetate (GAA) levels with an increased fractional urinary excretion of GAA. Our study with transgenic SLC16A12-deficient rats reveals that SLC16A12 is critical for tubular reabsorption of creatine and GAA in the kidney. Our data furthermore indicate a dominant-negative mechanism underlying the phenotype of humans affected by the heterozygous SLC16A12 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Verouti
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Lambert
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kinderspital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ganesh Pathare
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geneviève Escher
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel G Fuster
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mathis D, Beese K, Rüegg C, Plecko B, Hersberger M. LC-MS/MS method for the differential diagnosis of treatable early onset inherited metabolic epilepsies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1102-1111. [PMID: 32319100 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and early specific treatment of metabolic epilepsies due to inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) is crucial to avoid irreversible sequalae. Nowadays, besides the profile analysis of amino- and organic acids, a range of additional targeted assays is used for the selective screening of those diseases. This strategy can lead to long turn-around times, repeated sampling and diagnostic delays. To replace those individual targeted assays, we developed a new liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) for the differential diagnosis of inherited metabolic epilepsies that are potentially treatable. The method was developed to simultaneously quantify 12 metabolites (sulfocysteine, guanidinoacetate, creatine, pipecolic acid, Δ1 -piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), proline, Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), and the B6 -vitamers) enabling the diagnosis of nine different treatable IEMs presenting primarily with early-onset epilepsy. Plasma and urine samples were mixed with internal standards, precipitated and the supernatants were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. In comparison with previous assays, no derivatization of the metabolites is necessary for analysis. This LC-MS method was validated for quantitative results for all metabolites except P6C and P5C for which semiquantitative results were obtained due to the absence of commercially available standards. Coefficients of variation for all analytes were below 15% and recovery rates range between 80% and 120%. Analysis of patient samples with known IEMs demonstrated the diagnostic value of the method. The presented assay covers a selected panel of biochemical markers, improves the efficiency in the laboratory, and potentially leads to faster diagnoses and earlier treatment avoiding irreversible damage in patients affected with IEMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Beese
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Rüegg
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boehm T, Hubmann H, Petroczi K, Mathis D, Klavins K, Fauler G, Plecko B, Struys E, Jilma B. Condensation of delta-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate with ortho-aminobenzaldehyde allows its simple, fast, and inexpensive quantification in the urine of patients with antiquitin deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:891-900. [PMID: 31930735 PMCID: PMC7384183 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antiquitin (ATQ) deficiency leads to tissue, plasma, and urinary accumulation of alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde (AASA) and its Schiff base delta-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C). Although genetic testing of ALDH7A1 is the most definitive diagnostic method, quantifications of pathognomonic metabolites are important for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic and dietary interventions. Current metabolite quantification methods use laborious, technically highly complex, and expensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectro-metry, which is available only in selected laboratories worldwide. Incubation of ortho-aminobenzaldehyde (oABA) with P6C leads to the formation of a triple aromatic ring structure with characteristic absorption and fluorescence properties. The mean concentration of P6C in nine urine samples from seven ATQ-deficient patients under standard treatment protocols was statistically highly significantly different (P < .001) compared to the mean of 74 healthy controls aged between 2 months and 57 years. Using this limited data set the specificity and sensitivity is 100% for all tested age groups using a P6C cut-off of 2.11 μmol/mmol creatinine, which represents the 99% prediction interval of the P6C concentrations in 17 control urine samples from children below 6 years of age. Plasma P6C concentrations were only elevated in one ATQ subject, possibly because P6C is trapped by pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) blocking fusing with oABA. Nevertheless, both urine and plasma samples were amenable to the quantification of exogenous P6C with high response rates. The P6C quantification method using fusion of oABA with P6C is fast, simple, and inexpensive and might be readily implemented into routine clinical diagnostic laboratories for the early diagnosis of neonatal pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Holger Hubmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General PediatricsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Guenter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General PediatricsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Eduard Struys
- Department of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lucienne M, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Amarie OV, Becker L, Calzada-Wack J, da Silva-Buttkus P, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Mayer-Kuckuk P, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Spielmann N, Treise I, Busch DH, Klopstock T, Schmidt-Weber C, Wolf E, Wurst W, Forny M, Mathis D, Fingerhut R, Froese DS, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, de Angelis MH, Baumgartner MR. In-depth phenotyping reveals common and novel disease symptoms in a hemizygous knock-in mouse model (Mut-ko/ki) of mut-type methylmalonic aciduria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165622. [PMID: 31770620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Isolated methylmalonic aciduria (MMAuria) is primarily caused by deficiency of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT or MUT). Biochemically, MUT deficiency results in the accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA), propionyl-carnitine (C3) and other metabolites. Patients often exhibit lethargy, failure to thrive and metabolic decompensation leading to coma or even death, with kidney and neurological impairment frequently identified in the long-term. Here, we report a hemizygous mouse model which combines a knock-in (ki) missense allele of Mut with a knock-out (ko) allele (Mut-ko/ki mice) that was fed a 51%-protein diet from day 12 of life, constituting a bespoke model of MMAuria. Under this diet, mutant mice developed a pronounced metabolic phenotype characterized by drastically increased blood levels of MMA and C3 compared to their littermate controls (Mut-ki/wt). With this bespoke mouse model, we performed a standardized phenotypic screen to assess the whole-body impairments associated with this strong metabolic condition. We found that Mut-ko/ki mice show common clinical manifestations of MMAuria, including pronounced failure to thrive, indications of mild neurological and kidney dysfunction, and degenerative morphological changes in the liver, along with less well described symptoms such as cardiovascular and hematological abnormalities. The analyses also reveal so far unknown disease characteristics, including low bone mineral density, anxiety-related behaviour and ovarian atrophy. This first phenotypic screening of a MMAuria mouse model confirms its relevance to human disease, reveals new alterations associated with MUT deficiency, and suggests a series of quantifiable readouts that can be used to evaluate potential treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lucienne
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana V Amarie
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstrasse 30, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1a, 80336 Munich, Germany; Deutsches Institut für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München, and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Deutsches Institut für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 Munich, Germany; Chair of Developmental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Merima Forny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Sean Froese
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herter-Aeberli I, Graf C, Vollenweider A, Häberling I, Srikanthan P, Hersberger M, Berger G, Mathis D. Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Switzerland. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081863. [PMID: 31405149 PMCID: PMC6722517 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based data suggest that high intake of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be beneficial in a variety of health conditions. It is likely that mainly those patients with preexisting n-3 deficiency are those that benefit most from n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Therefore, for targeted interventions, a fast and reliable screening tool for n-3 PUFA intake is necessary. Thus, the aim of this project was to adapt and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for n-3 PUFA intake in Switzerland while using as references the following: (1) 7-day food records (FR), and (2) n-3 fatty acid composition of red blood cells (RBC). We recruited 46 healthy adults for the first part of the study and 152 for the second. We used the dietary software EBISpro for the analysis of n-3 PUFA intake. RBC fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using correlation analysis, we found a moderate significant association between FFQ and FR for α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 fatty acids (all r between 0.523 and 0.586, all p < 0.001). Bland Altman analysis further showed good agreement between the two methods and no proportional bias. Correlations between FFQ and RBC fatty acid composition were also moderate for EPA and DHA (r = 0.430 and r = 0.605, p < 0.001), but weaker for ALA and total n-3 (r = 0.314 and r = 0.211, p < 0.01). The efficacy of the FFQ to classify individuals into the same or adjacent quartile of RBC PUFA content ranged between 70% and 87% for the different fatty acids. In conclusion, we showed that the Swiss n-3 PUFA FFQ is a valid tool to assess dietary n-3 PUFA intake, especially DHA and EPA, to determine population groups at risk for low intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Celeste Graf
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Vollenweider
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Häberling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pakeerathan Srikanthan
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crowther LM, Mathis D, Poms M, Plecko B. New insights into human lysine degradation pathways with relevance to pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy due to antiquitin deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:620-628. [PMID: 30767241 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of antiquitin (ATQ), an enzyme involved in lysine degradation, is the major cause of vitamin B6 -dependent epilepsy. Accumulation of the potentially neurotoxic α-aminoadipic semialdehyde (AASA) may contribute to frequently associated developmental delay. AASA is formed by α-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase (AASS) via the saccharopine pathway of lysine degradation, or, as has been postulated, by the pipecolic acid (PA) pathway, and then converted to α-aminoadipic acid by ATQ. The PA pathway has been considered to be the predominant pathway of lysine degradation in mammalian brain; however, this was refuted by recent studies in mouse. Consequently, inhibition of AASS was proposed as a potential new treatment option for ATQ deficiency. It is therefore of utmost importance to determine whether the saccharopine pathway is also predominant in human brain cells. The route of lysine degradation was analyzed by isotopic tracing studies in cultured human astrocytes, ReNcell CX human neuronal progenitor cells and human fibroblasts, and expression of enzymes of the two lysine degradation pathways was determined by Western blot. Lysine degradation was only detected through the saccharopine pathway in all cell types studied. The enrichment of 15 N-glutamate as a side product of AASA formation through AASS furthermore demonstrated activity of the saccharopine pathway. We provide first evidence that the saccharopine pathway is the major route of lysine degradation in cultured human brain cells. These results support inhibition of the saccharopine pathway as a new treatment option for ATQ deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Crowther
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CRC Clinical Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Intiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- CRC Clinical Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Intiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Poms
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CRC Clinical Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Intiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CRC Clinical Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Intiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ameri A, Moradi Tuchayi S, Zaalberg A, Ngo K, Cunningham T, Colonna M, Mathis D, Lee R, Demehri S. 132 IL-33 - T regulatory cell axis triggers development of a cancer-promoting immune environment in chronic inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Allegri G, Deplazes S, Grisch-Chan HM, Mathis D, Fingerhut R, Häberle J, Thöny B. A simple dried blood spot-method for in vivo measurement of ureagenesis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using stable isotopes. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 464:236-243. [PMID: 27923571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical management of inherited or acquired hyperammonemia depends mainly on the plasma ammonia level which is not a reliable indicator of urea cycle function as its concentrations largely fluctuate. The gold standard to assess ureagenesis in vivo is the use of stable isotopes. METHODS Here we developed and validated a simplified in vivo method with [15N]ammonium chloride ([15N]H4Cl) as a tracer. Non-labeled and [15N]urea were quantified by GC-MS after extraction and silylation. RESULTS Different matrices were evaluated for suitability of analysis. Ureagenesis was assessed in ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)-deficient spfash mice with compromised urea cycle function during fasted and non-fasted feeding states, and after rAAV2/8-vector delivery expressing the murine OTC-cDNA in liver. Blood (5μL) was collected through tail vein puncture before and after [15N]H4Cl intraperitoneal injections over a two hour period. The tested matrices, blood, plasma and dried blood spots, can be used to quantify ureagenesis. Upon [15N]H4Cl challenge, urea production in spfash mice was reduced compared to wild-type and normalized following rAAV2/8-mediated gene therapeutic correction. The most significant difference in ureagenesis was at 30min after injection in untreated spfash mice under fasting conditions (19% of wild-type). Five consecutive injections over a period of five weeks had no effect on body weight or ureagenesis. CONCLUSION This method is simple, robust and with no apparent risk, offering a sensitive, minimal-invasive, and fast measurement of ureagenesis capacity using dried blood spots. The stable isotope-based quantification of ureagenesis can be applied for the efficacy-testing of novel molecular therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Allegri
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Deplazes
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hiu Man Grisch-Chan
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Häberle
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) and the Neuroscience Centre Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre (CRC), University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) and the Neuroscience Centre Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mathis D, Abela L, Albersen M, Bürer C, Crowther L, Beese K, Hartmann H, Bok LA, Struys E, Papuc SM, Rauch A, Hersberger M, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Plecko B. The value of plasma vitamin B6 profiles in early onset epileptic encephalopathies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:733-741. [PMID: 27342130 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent decades have unravelled the molecular background of a number of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) causing vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy. As these defects interfere with vitamin B6 metabolism by different mechanisms, the plasma vitamin B6 profile can give important clues for further molecular work-up. This has so far been investigated in only a small number of patients. METHODS We evaluated the vitamin B6 vitamers pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxine (PN) and the catabolite pyridoxic acid (PA) in the so far largest patient cohort: reference (n = 50); pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency (n = 6); antiquitin (ATQ) deficiency (n = 21); tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) deficiency (n = 2) and epileptic encephalopathy (EE) of unknown etiology tested negative for ATQ and PNPO deficiency (n = 64). RESULTS High plasma PM concentration was found in all patients with PNPO deficiency irrespective of vitamin B6 supplementation. Their PM concentration and the PM/PA ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.0001), compared to any other patients analysed. One patient with TNSALP deficiency and sampling prior to PN supplementation had markedly elevated plasma PLP concentration. On PN supplementation, patients with TNSALP deficiency, ATQ deficiency and patients of the EE cohort had similar plasma vitamin B6 profiles that merely reflect the intake of supra-physiological doses of vitamin B6. The interval of sampling to the last PN intake strongly affected the plasma concentrations of PN, PL and PA. CONCLUSIONS PM concentrations and the PM/PA ratio clearly separated PNPO-deficient patients from the other cohorts. The plasma PM/PA ratio thus represents a robust biomarker for the selective screening of PNPO deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Abela
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique Albersen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Céline Bürer
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Crowther
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Beese
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Levinus A Bok
- Department of Pediatrics, MMC, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Eduard Struys
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sorina M Papuc
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Forny P, Schumann A, Mustedanagic M, Mathis D, Wulf MA, Nägele N, Langhans CD, Zhakupova A, Heeren J, Scheja L, Fingerhut R, Peters HL, Hornemann T, Thony B, Kölker S, Burda P, Froese DS, Devuyst O, Baumgartner MR. Novel Mouse Models of Methylmalonic Aciduria Recapitulate Phenotypic Traits with a Genetic Dosage Effect. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20563-73. [PMID: 27519416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic aciduria (MMAuria), caused by deficiency of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT), usually presents in the newborn period with failure to thrive and metabolic crisis leading to coma or even death. Survivors remain at risk of metabolic decompensations and severe long term complications, notably renal failure and neurological impairment. We generated clinically relevant mouse models of MMAuria using a constitutive Mut knock-in (KI) allele based on the p.Met700Lys patient mutation, used homozygously (KI/KI) or combined with a knockout allele (KO/KI), to study biochemical and clinical MMAuria disease aspects. Transgenic Mut(ki/ki) and Mut(ko/ki) mice survive post-weaning, show failure to thrive, and show increased methylmalonic acid, propionylcarnitine, odd chain fatty acids, and sphingoid bases, a new potential biomarker of MMAuria. Consistent with genetic dosage, Mut(ko/ki) mice have lower Mut activity, are smaller, and show higher metabolite levels than Mut(ki/ki) mice. Further, Mut(ko/ki) mice exhibit manifestations of kidney and brain damage, including increased plasma urea, impaired diuresis, elevated biomarkers, and changes in brain weight. On a high protein diet, mutant mice display disease exacerbation, including elevated blood ammonia, and catastrophic weight loss, which, in Mut(ki/ki) mice, is rescued by hydroxocobalamin treatment. This study expands knowledge of MMAuria, introduces the discovery of new biomarkers, and constitutes the first in vivo proof of principle of cobalamin treatment in mut-type MMAuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Forny
- From the Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, the radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology
| | - Anke Schumann
- From the Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, the radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Déborah Mathis
- the Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, and
| | | | - Nadine Nägele
- the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claus-Dieter Langhans
- the Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Assem Zhakupova
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Heeren
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Ludger Scheja
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- the Children's Research Center, the Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heidi L Peters
- the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Metabolic Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- the radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thony
- From the Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center
| | - Stefan Kölker
- the Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricie Burda
- From the Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center
| | - D Sean Froese
- From the Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, the radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- the radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- From the Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, the radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland, the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abela L, Simmons L, Steindl K, Schmitt B, Mastrangelo M, Joset P, Papuc M, Sticht H, Baumer A, Crowther LM, Mathis D, Rauch A, Plecko B. N(8)-acetylspermidine as a potential plasma biomarker for Snyder-Robinson syndrome identified by clinical metabolomics. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:131-7. [PMID: 26174906 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool to study human metabolism in health and disease. Comparative statistical analysis of untargeted metabolic profiles can reveal perturbations of metabolite levels in diseases and thus has the potential to identify novel biomarkers. Here we have applied a simultaneous genetic-metabolomic approach in twin boys with epileptic encephalopathy of unclear etiology. Clinical exome sequencing identified a novel missense mutation in the spermine synthase gene (SMS) that causes Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS). Untargeted plasma metabolome analysis revealed significantly elevated levels of N(8)-acetylspermidine, a precursor derivative of spermine biosynthesis, as a potential novel plasma biomarker for SRS. This result was verified in a third patient with genetically confirmed SRS. This study illustrates the potential of metabolomics as a translational technique to support exome data on a functional and clinical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Abela
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luke Simmons
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Schmitt
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Epilepsy and Neurophysiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, ICP, Via Castelvetro 24, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Pascal Joset
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Papuc
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alessandra Baumer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lisa M Crowther
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klinke G, Rohrbach M, Giugliani R, Burda P, Baumgartner MR, Tran C, Gautschi M, Mathis D, Hersberger M. LC-MS/MS based assay and reference intervals in children and adolescents for oxysterols elevated in Niemann-Pick diseases. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:596-602. [PMID: 25819840 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative lipid storage disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentation and challenging diagnostic procedures. Recently oxysterols have been reported to be specific biomarkers for NP-C but knowledge on the intra-individual variation and on reference intervals in children and adolescents are lacking. METHODS We established a LC-MS/MS assay to measure Cholestane-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (C-triol) and 7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC) following Steglich esterification. To assess reference intervals and intra-individual variation we determined oxysterols in 148 children and adolescents from 0 to 18 years and repeat measurements in 19 of them. RESULTS The reported method is linear (r>0.99), sensitive (detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL [0.07 nM] for C-triol, and 0.54 ng/mL [1.35 nM] for 7-KC) and precise, with an intra-day imprecision of 4.8% and 4.1%, and an inter-day imprecision of 7.0% and 11.0% for C-triol (28 ng/ml, 67 nM) and 7-KC (32 ng/ml, 80 nM), respectively. Recoveries for 7-KC and C-triol range between 93% and 107%. The upper reference limit obtained for C-triol is 40.4 ng/mL (95% CI: 26.4-61.7 ng/mL, 96.0 nM, 95% CI: 62.8-146.7 nM) and 75.0 ng/mL for 7-KC (95% CI: 55.5-102.5 ng/mL, 187.2 nM, 95% CI: 138.53-255.8 nM), with no age or gender dependency. Both oxysterols have a broad intra-individual variation of 46%±23% for C-triol and 52%±29% for 7-KC. Nevertheless, all Niemann-Pick patients showed increased C-triol levels including Niemann-Pick type A and B patients. CONCLUSIONS The LC-MS/MS assay is a robust assay to quantify C-triol and 7-KC in plasma with well documented reference intervals in children and adolescents to screen for NP-C in the pediatric population. In addition our results suggest that especially the C-triol is a biomarker for all three Niemann-Pick diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glynis Klinke
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricie Burda
- Division of Metabolism, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Metabolism, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christel Tran
- Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gautschi
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Bern, Switzerland; University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moore W, Mathis D, Gargan L, Bowers DC, Klesse LJ, Margraf L, Koral K. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma of childhood: MR imaging and diffusion MR imaging features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:2192-6. [PMID: 24994821 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas are rare astrocytic neoplasms of childhood and young adulthood. The purpose of this retrospective review was to evaluate MR imaging features of pediatric pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas with an emphasis on diffusion MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of the neuro-oncology data base revealed 11 pediatric patients (range, 4.7-16.1 years) with pleomorphic xanthoastroacytomas with 9 of these patients having preoperative MR imaging available. Six patients had preoperative diffusion MR imaging. Demographics, histopathology slides, conventional imaging characteristics (location, cystic component, hemorrhage, enhancement, vasogenic edema, inner table scalloping), and ADC metrics (mean tumor ADC and tumor to normal brain ADC ratio) were evaluated. RESULTS Three pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas had anaplastic features. Ten tumors were supratentorial. Two-thirds (6 of 9) of all tumors were either predominantly cystic or had cystic components, and three-fourths (6 of 8) of the supratentorial tumors had associated inner table scalloping. Seven of the 9 tumors had marked vasogenic edema (>10 mm). Mean tumoral ADC (n = 7) was 912 ± 219 × 10(-6) mm(2)/s (min-max: 617-1189). The tumor to normal brain ADC ratio was 1.14 ± 0.26 (min-max: 0.75-1.47). CONCLUSIONS Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma should be entertained in the differential diagnosis of peripheral supratentorial tumors that appear during childhood. Cysts, inner table scalloping, and marked vasogenic edema are relatively frequent features. Relatively low ADC values and ADC ratios are not uncommon in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Moore
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.M., K.K.)
| | | | - L Gargan
- Neuro-Oncology (L.G.), Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - D C Bowers
- Pediatrics (D.C.B., L.J.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas Pediatrics (D.C.B., L.J.K.)
| | - L J Klesse
- Pediatrics (D.C.B., L.J.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas Pediatrics (D.C.B., L.J.K.)
| | - L Margraf
- Pathology (D.M., L.M.) Pathology (L.M.)
| | - K Koral
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.M., K.K.) Departments of Radiology (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Mathis D, Couzijn EPA, Chen P. Correction to Structure, Dynamics, and Polymerization Activity of Zirconocenium Ion Pairs Generated with Boron-C 6F 5 Compounds and Al 2R 6. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300090p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Shoda L, Kreuwel H, Gadkar K, Zheng Y, Whiting C, Atkinson M, Bluestone J, Mathis D, Young D, Ramanujan S. The Type 1 Diabetes PhysioLab Platform: a validated physiologically based mathematical model of pathogenesis in the non-obese diabetic mouse. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 161:250-67. [PMID: 20491795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease whose clinical onset signifies a lifelong requirement for insulin therapy and increased risk of medical complications. To increase the efficiency and confidence with which drug candidates advance to human type 1 diabetes clinical trials, we have generated and validated a mathematical model of type 1 diabetes pathophysiology in a well-characterized animal model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes, the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. The model is based on an extensive survey of the public literature and input from an independent scientific advisory board. It reproduces key disease features including activation and expansion of autoreactive lymphocytes in the pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs), islet infiltration and beta cell loss leading to hyperglycaemia. The model uses ordinary differential and algebraic equations to represent the pancreas and PLN as well as dynamic interactions of multiple cell types (e.g. dendritic cells, macrophages, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells, beta cells). The simulated features of untreated pathogenesis and disease outcomes for multiple interventions compare favourably with published experimental data. Thus, a mathematical model reproducing type 1 diabetes pathophysiology in the NOD mouse, validated based on accurate reproduction of results from multiple published interventions, is available for in silico hypothesis testing. Predictive biosimulation research evaluating therapeutic strategies and underlying biological mechanisms is intended to deprioritize hypotheses that impact disease outcome weakly and focus experimental research on hypotheses likely to provide insight into the disease and its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Shoda
- Entelos Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mathis D, Rouholahnejad F, Chen P. Controlled Ethylene Polymerization Catalyzed by Cp$\rm{{_{2}^{\ast}}}$ZrBu2/[Ph3C] [B(C6F5)4]/iBu4Al2O above Room Temperature. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Rouholahnejad F, Mathis D, Chen P. Narrowly Distributed Polyethylene via Reversible Chain Transfer to Aluminum by a Sterically Hindered Zirconocene/MAO. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pordea A, Creus M, Panek J, Duboc C, Mathis D, Novic M, Ward TR. Artificial Metalloenzyme for Enantioselective Sulfoxidation Based on Vanadyl-Loaded Streptavidin. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8085-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8017219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Pordea
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158,2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc Creus
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158,2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jaroslaw Panek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158,2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Carole Duboc
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158,2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Déborah Mathis
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158,2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marjana Novic
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158,2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 158,2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Laboratory of Chemometrics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, and Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR 5250, ICMG FR 2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vorspan F, Cornic F, Mathis D, Cohen D, Lepine J. Catatonia in a French forensic psychiatric facility: Frequency, prognosis and treatment. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
27
|
Parini CL, Mathis D, Leath CA. Occult metastatic lung carcinoma presenting as locally advanced uterine carcinosarcoma on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:731-4. [PMID: 17504386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is being used as a tumor surveillance modality for multiple tumor types. A 73-year-old postmenopausal female with stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer presented after a PET/CT demonstrated focal uptake in the superior and lateral aspects of the uterus. The patient reported a history of intermittent postmenopausal bleeding and an endometrial biopsy documented uterine carcinosarcoma. Postoperative pathologic review and immunohistochemical staining with thyroid transcription factor-1 revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with her lung primary in her uterus and adnexa. Our case represents a rare occurrence in which lung cancer has metastasized to multiple female pelvic organs. Increasing use of PET/CT may lead to the discovery of occult metastases masquerading as a second primary malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Parini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Diogenes syndrome is a behavioural disorder of the elderly. Symptoms include living in extreme squalor, a neglected physical state and unhygienic conditions. This is accompanied by a self-imposed isolation, the refusal of external help and a tendency to accumulate heteroclite objects. This particular geriatric syndrome has been described for the first time only quite recently, as the 2 primary descriptions by geriatricians and psychiatrists date from 1966 and 1975 respectively. Its rare occurrence contrasts with the fact that it is well-known, partly due to it being named after the Greek philosopher "Diogene de Sinope", who taught cynicism philosophy and a return to a natural way of life, and partly because of its rare characteristics. The Diogenes syndrome is a fascinating object of study for the clinician who takes care of patients living in uncommon conditions, on the edge of society and unaware of the particularity of their lifestyles. Patients suffering from Diogenes syndrome are usually discovered by chance, either because of a somatic illness, or as a result of social intervention related to their behavioural problems. Management of the syndrome is difficult and ethically challenging, as the patient does not seek help. Moreover, 46% of patients have a 5 year mortality rate. Hospitalisation has to be avoided whenever possible and ambulatory treatment and social measures should be favoured. Psychotropic treatment prescription may be necessary, depending on clinical features and the possible underlying psychiatric disease. Although several clinical hypotheses have been suggested, the true ethiopathogeny of the syndrome remains unclear. Most authors agree that this behaviour does not reflect free will and has consequently no theoretical relationship to the Greek philosopher. There is no true consensus about diagnostic criteria. They include the main features of the syndrome and exclude known psychiatric syndromes. Clark and Mankikar, who named this syndrome, reckon it may represent stress-related defence mechanisms of the elderly or may be related to natural ageing process. However, psychiatric pathologies as paranoid and paranoiac psychoses, mood disorders and obsessive and compulsive disorders have been described to be associated with it in the literature. Dementia, in particular temporo-frontal dementia, should be looked for and excluded clinically. Alcohol abuse seems to be an aggravating rather than a precipitating factor. Finally, the link between these pathologies and Diogenes syndrome is not yet determined: are they triggering, co-morbid or etiological factors? Should this syndrome be considered as a true illness or as a symptom? This paper presents Diogenes syndrome as a behavioural disorder and distinguishes 2 types: the "active type"--patients who collect from outside to clutter inside--and the "passive type"--patients who passively become invaded by their rubbish. Active type patients fill their home to fill in the vacuum of their life, as it deteriorates and looses its narcissical appeal. Passive type patients accumulate by default and emptiness. A psychopathological understanding is presented here, referring to psychoanalytical theories of the Moi-peau (ego-skin) described by Anzieu. The Moi-peau represents a structure of the psyche founded on the following principle: any psychic function develops itself according to a bodily function from which it transposes its functioning at a mental level. The skin has three functions: the containing shell, the protective barrier of the psyche, and a medium of exchange. The Moi-peau is organised as a double-wall acting both as a defence mechanism and as a filter between the psyche and the external world. It preserves the relationship and the cohesion "container-content". As a result of a narcissical wound, the Moi-peau is damaged and looses its function of a container. In the case of Diogenes Syndrome, the accumulated items repair the Moi-peau and the home becomes an "exterior-proof", thus playing the role of the Moi-peau. This behaviour therefore plays a repairing role for psychic functioning, allowing psychic survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hanon
- EPS Erasme, 143, avenue Armand-Guillebaud, 92160 Antony
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hanon C, Mathis D, Gallarda T, Loo H. Training in psychiatry in France. A national survey among psychiatric trainees. Eur Psychiatry 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
30
|
Abstract
The hallmark of type 1 diabetes is specific destruction of pancreatic islet beta-cells. Apoptosis of beta-cells may be crucial at several points during disease progression, initiating leukocyte invasion of the islets and terminating the production of insulin in islet cells. beta-Cell apoptosis may also be involved in the occasional evolution of type 2 into type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mathis
- Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Centre, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hendricks CS, Tavakoli A, Hendricks DL, Harter NR, Campbell KP, L'Ecuyer RI, Geddings AA, Hackett D, Byrd L, Mathis D. Self-esteem matters: racial & gender differences among rural southern adolescents. J Natl Black Nurses Assoc 2001; 12:15-22. [PMID: 11902016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-esteem does matter! It matters so much that Oprah dedicated an entire issue of "O" magazine to address the subject. "It's a woman's most treasured possession" (Winfrey, 2000a). Self-esteem has a profound influence on adolescent health promotion behaviors. This study contributes to understanding the role self-esteem plays in the behavior of adolescents. Utilizing a secondary data analysis, race and gender self-esteem differences among adolescents were investigated. The sample of 1,237 students (46% African-American and 52% White) from rural southern areas consisted of 744 females and 493 males. Self-esteem was assessed using the Miller Self-esteem Questionnaire (SEQ). The Hendricks Perceptual Health Promoting Determinants Model (HPHD) provided the theoretical framework for the study. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant difference in various aspects of self-esteem according to race and gender. African-Americans and males had a higher self-esteem which is consistent with many prior studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Hendricks
- Southern University and A & M College, School of Nursing, P.O. Box 11784, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA. constancehendricks@suson,subr.edu
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gonzalez A, Andre-Schmutz I, Carnaud C, Mathis D, Benoist C. Damage control, rather than unresponsiveness, effected by protective DX5+ T cells in autoimmune diabetes. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:1117-25. [PMID: 11713466 DOI: 10.1038/ni738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The progression of autoimmune diabetes is regulated. We examined here the cellular controls exerted on disease that developed in the BDC2.5 T cell receptor-transgenic model. We found that all BDC2.5 mice with a monoclonal, beta cell-reactive, T cell repertoire developed diabetes before 4 weeks of age; transfer of splenocytes from young standard NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice into perinatal monoclonal BDC2.5 animals protected them from diabetes. The protective activity was generated by CD4+ alphabeta T cells, which operated for a short time at disease initiation, could be partitioned according to DX5 cell surface marker expression and split into two components. Protection did not involve clonal deletion or anergy of the autoreactive BDC2.5 cells, permitting their full activation and attack of pancreatic islets; rather, it tempered the aggressiveness of the insulitic lesion and the extent of beta cell destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
As a new slant on T lymphocyte repertoire selection, we have examined batteries of TCR sequences in thymi from transgenic mice engineered to exhibit limited, focussed TCR diversity. We have tracked the fate of differentiating thymocytes expressing a set of particular TCR through the positive selection process. Subtly different TCR sequences can promote different maturation pathways and commitment choices. Two distinct routes are followed by CD8-lineage cells interacting with MHC class I molecules, via TCR(hi) CD4(+)CD8(+) or CD4(+)CD8(int) intermediates, while CD4-lineage cells mature exclusively via a CD4(+)CD8(int) stage. The CD8-lineage routes are partially exclusive, indicating that the latter cell type is not always preceded by the former. The distribution of sequences also indicates that CD4 / CD8-lineage commitment is not strictly correlated with the class of MHC molecule engaged, and that some mechanism prevents mismatched intermediates from achieving full maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Correia-Neves
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS / INSERM / ULP), Illkirch, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases remain one of the mysteries that perplex immunologists. What makes the immune system, which has evolved to protect an organism from foreign invaders, turn on the organism itself? A popular answer to this question involves the lymphoid network's primordial function: autoimmunity is a by-product of the immune response to microbial infection. For decades there have been tantalizing associations between infectious agents and autoimmunity: beta-hemolytic streptococci and rheumatic fever; B3 Coxsackieviruses and myocarditis; Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' disease; diverse viruses and multiple sclerosis; Borrelia burgdorfii and Lyme arthritis; and B4 Coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus or rubella and type 1 diabetes, to name the most frequently cited examples. In addition, animal models have provided direct evidence that infection with a particular microbe can incite a particular autoimmune disease. Nonetheless, many of the associations appear less than convincing and, even for those that seem to be on solid footing, there is no real understanding of the underlying mechanism(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Benoist
- Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The role of IL-4, -6 and -7 in the survival of T lymphocytes was studied in vivo. The decay of polyclonal populations of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was monitored in thymectomized anti-cytokine receptor mAb-treated and/or cytokine-deficient mice. The lack of IL-4 or -6 did not have any detectable effect on T cell survival, but IL-7 played an important role in the survival of the naive T cell compartment, especially of naive CD4(+) T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vivien
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, C. U. de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Kinetic features of TCR:MHC/peptide interactions dictate their outcome in vitro, some important parameters of which include the number of molecules engaged and the duration of engagement. We explored the in vivo significance of these findings in transgenic mice expressing TCRs in a quantitatively and temporally controlled manner. As anticipated, reduced TCR levels resulted in attenuated reactivity, but response thresholds were substantially lower than expected-at as low as 1/20th the normal TCR numbers and with no indication of phenotypic skewing at suboptimal levels. We also studied survival of T lymphocytes stripped of their TCRs. Unlike B cells, T cells lacking antigen receptors did not die precipitously; instead, populations decayed gradually, just as previously reported in the absence of MHC molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Labrecque
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Strasbourg-Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
By combining a TCRbeta transgene with a TCRalpha minilocus comprised of a single V and two J gene segments, we engineered a mouse line exhibiting ample but focused TCR diversity, restricted to CDR3alpha. Using single-cell PCR and high-throughput sequencing, we have exploited this system to scrutinize T cell repertoire selection and evolution. Some striking observations emerged: (1) thymic selection produces a repertoire that is very "bumpy," with marked overrepresentation of a subset of sequences; (2) MHC class I- and class II-restricted TCRs can be distinguished by minute, single-residue changes in CDR3alpha; and (3) homeostatic expansion and survival in the periphery can markedly remold the postselection repertoire, likely reflecting variability in the potential of cells displaying different TCRs to respond to homeostatic cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Correia-Neves
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire, et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
van Santen H, Benoist C, Mathis D. A cassette vector for high-level reporter expression driven by a hybrid invariant chain promoter in transgenic mice. J Immunol Methods 2000; 245:133-7. [PMID: 11042290 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A plasmid cassette vector was designed to generate transgenic mice expressing reporter cDNAs at high levels in antigen-presenting cells under the control of the murine invariant chain (Ii) promoter. Analysis of several transgenic mice harboring a chimeric Ii cDNA placed in this vector showed that it can drive expression of the reporter protein to levels comparable to those of endogenous Ii. Furthermore, its expression pattern overlaps quite well with that of endogenous Ii. This vector should therefore be a convenient and versatile tool for the generation of transgenic mouse lines in which a desired protein may be expressed in Ii-positive cells at levels similar to those of endogenous Ii. Such a vector would be ideal for complementation studies of Ii-deficiency by specific Ii variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H van Santen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), C.U. de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Luhder F, Chambers C, Allison JP, Benoist C, Mathis D. Pinpointing when T cell costimulatory receptor CTLA-4 must be engaged to dampen diabetogenic T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:12204-9. [PMID: 11035773 PMCID: PMC17319 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.200348397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement of the T cell costimulatory receptor CTLA-4 can potently down-regulate an immune response. For example, in a T cell receptor transgenic mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, CTLA-4 interactions keep pancreatic islet-reactive T cells in check, evidenced by the finding that mAb blockade of CTLA-4 rapidly provokes diabetes in animals that would not normally succumb until many months later. Interestingly, this effect is only observed early in the course of disease, before insulitis is stably entrenched. Here, we have exploited a highly synchronous and easily manipulable transfer system to determine precisely when CTLA-4 must be engaged to check the diabetogenicity of islet-reactive T cells. Our results indicate that CTLA-4 interactions during initial priming of the T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes are not determinant. Rather, the critical interactions occur when the T cells secondarily reencounter their antigen in the target organ, the pancreatic islets. In addition, we made use of CTLA-4-deficient mice to bolster our interpretation that CTLA-4 engagement has a dampening rather than an enhancing influence on diabetes progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Luhder
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicalé/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
While performing a large-scale analysis of mRNA transcripts in the murine thymus, our attention was drawn to the forkhead family transcription factor FKHR. Here we demonstrate that FKHR is expressed in thymocytes, most prominently in those that are undergoing positive selection. Interestingly, FKHR transcripts show a highly regionalized pattern of expression, concentrated in the innermost areas of the medulla. We define the FKHR binding site as (G/C)(A/C)N(G/a)T(A/c)AA(T/c) A(T/g)(T/g)(G/c), a sequence found in the regulatory elements of many genes, including certain that encode molecules crucial for thymocyte differentiation. To study the function of FKHR, we engineered mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant specifically in T cells in a tetracycline-regulatable fashion. In these animals, T cell differentiation appeared quite normal; however, total thymocyte numbers were decreased, owing to reductions in all four of the CD4/CD8 subsets, and incorporation of the thymidine analogue bromo-deoxyuridine was increased, again in all four subsets. These data suggest that, in thymocytes, FKHR may be involved in cell survival and/or cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Leenders
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), Ilkirch, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rooke R, Benoist C, Mathis D. Intrathymic delivery of MHC genes using recombinant adenoviruses. Methods Mol Biol 2000; 134:69-79. [PMID: 10730250 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-682-7:69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Rooke
- Transgene S. A., Strasbourg, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mangialaio S, Ji H, Korganow AS, Kouskoff V, Benoist C, Mathis D. The arthritogenic T cell receptor and its ligand in a model of spontaneous arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000. [PMID: 10615996 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2517::aid-anr3>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous arthritis in the KRN transgenic mouse model is due to the autoreactivity of the transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) against Ag7 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which leads to strong but incomplete clonal deletion. We sought to determine whether other stimuli triggering this receptor might provoke arthritis, whether the apparently systemic reactivity might have some joint-preferential component explaining the paradoxical arthritic phenotype, and whether the transgenic receptor was the only one required or whether other TCRs might be ferried along in a leaky tolerance process. METHODS Crosses and radiation chimeras involving a panel of transgenic and knockout mouse lines were used. The reactivity of the KRN TCR was tested in carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-transfer experiments and in crosses with transgenic or inbred mice expressing other molecules that stimulate the KRN receptor (the mls-1a superantigen, the Aalpha(k69)Abeta(k) mutant MHC molecule). The arthritogenic capacity of T cells expressing only the KRN TCR was tested by crossing to recombination-activating gene-knockout mice, and constructing bone marrow chimeras with precursors to these strictly monoclonal T cells. RESULTS The data show that the KRN TCR itself is the only receptor needed. It needs to be triggered by the Ag7 molecule loaded with self-peptides in order to provoke arthritis, but there is no indication of preferential presentation of joint-derived peptides. CONCLUSION Arthritis can be generated by systemic recognition of self-MHC-peptide complexes by autoreactive T cells. This triggers B lymphocytes to produce arthritogenic antibodies, without the involvement of joint-specific T cell targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mangialaio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Witherden D, van Oers N, Waltzinger C, Weiss A, Benoist C, Mathis D. Tetracycline-controllable selection of CD4(+) T cells: half-life and survival signals in the absence of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. J Exp Med 2000; 191:355-64. [PMID: 10637279 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.2.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A system that allows the study, in a gentle fashion, of the role of MHC molecules in naive T cell survival is described. Major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice were engineered to express Ealpha chains only in thymic epithelial cells in a tetracycline (tet)-controllable manner. This resulted in tet-responsive display of cell surface E complexes, positive selection of CD4(+)8(-) thymocytes, and generation of a CD4(+) T cell compartment in a class II-barren periphery. Using this system, we have addressed two unresolved issues: the half-life of naive CD4(+) T cells in the absence of class II molecules (3-4 wk) and the early signaling events associated with class II molecule engagement by naive CD4(+) T cells (partial CD3 zeta chain phosphorylation and ZAP-70 association).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Witherden
- Institut de G¿en¿etique et de Biologie Mol¿eculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), 67404 Illkirch cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Dominant paradigms for the understanding of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis have changed over the years. A predominant role of B lymphocytes, and perhaps of the rheumatoid factor they produced, was initially invoked. In more recent years, recognition of antigens in the joint by T cells sparking an inflammatory cascade has been a more favored interpretation. Here, we re-examine some of the arguments that underpin this proposed role of joint T cells, in light of recent results from transgenic mice in which a self-reactive T-cell receptor provokes disease, but from outside the joint and indirectly via B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Benoist
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous arthritis in the KRN transgenic mouse model is due to the autoreactivity of the transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) against Ag7 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which leads to strong but incomplete clonal deletion. We sought to determine whether other stimuli triggering this receptor might provoke arthritis, whether the apparently systemic reactivity might have some joint-preferential component explaining the paradoxical arthritic phenotype, and whether the transgenic receptor was the only one required or whether other TCRs might be ferried along in a leaky tolerance process. METHODS Crosses and radiation chimeras involving a panel of transgenic and knockout mouse lines were used. The reactivity of the KRN TCR was tested in carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-transfer experiments and in crosses with transgenic or inbred mice expressing other molecules that stimulate the KRN receptor (the mls-1a superantigen, the Aalpha(k69)Abeta(k) mutant MHC molecule). The arthritogenic capacity of T cells expressing only the KRN TCR was tested by crossing to recombination-activating gene-knockout mice, and constructing bone marrow chimeras with precursors to these strictly monoclonal T cells. RESULTS The data show that the KRN TCR itself is the only receptor needed. It needs to be triggered by the Ag7 molecule loaded with self-peptides in order to provoke arthritis, but there is no indication of preferential presentation of joint-derived peptides. CONCLUSION Arthritis can be generated by systemic recognition of self-MHC-peptide complexes by autoreactive T cells. This triggers B lymphocytes to produce arthritogenic antibodies, without the involvement of joint-specific T cell targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mangialaio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is specific destruction of the synovial joints. In a mouse line that spontaneously develops a disorder with many of the features of human RA, disease is initiated by T cell recognition of a ubiquitously expressed self-antigen; once initiated, pathology is driven almost entirely by immunoglobulins. In this study, the target of both the initiating T cells and pathogenic immunoglobulins was identified as glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, a glycolytic enzyme. Thus, some forms of RA or related arthritides may develop by a mechanism fundamentally different from the currently popular paradigm of a joint-specific T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Matsumoto
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), BP 163, 67404 Illkirch, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Correia-Neves M, Waltzinger C, Wurtz JM, Benoist C, Mathis D. Amino acids specifying MHC class preference in TCR V alpha 2 regions. J Immunol 1999; 163:5471-7. [PMID: 10553073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Some TCR variable regions are preferentially expressed in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, reflecting a predilection for interacting with MHC class II or class I molecules. The molecular basis for MHC class bias has been studied previously, in particular for V alpha 3 family members, pointing to a dominant role for two amino acid positions in complementary-determining regions (CDRs) 1 and 2. We have evaluated the generality of these findings by examining the MHC class bias of V alpha 2 family members, an attractive system because it shows more variability within the CDR1 and -2, exhibits variation in the framework regions, and includes a member for which the crystal structure has been determined. We find that preferential recognition of MHC class I or II molecules does not always depend on residues at the same positions of CDR1 and -2; rules for one family may be reversed in another. Instead, there are multiple influences exerted by various CDR1/2 positions as well as the CDR3s of both the TCR alpha- and TCR beta-chains.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Amino Acid Substitution/immunology
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Egg Proteins/genetics
- Egg Proteins/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Molecular
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/biosynthesis
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Correia-Neves
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- N Labrecque
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), CU de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rooke R, Waltzinger C, Benoist C, Mathis D. Positive selection of thymocytes induced by gene transfer: MHC class II-mediated selection of CD8 lineage cells. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1595-600. [PMID: 10508177 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.10.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus vectors are powerful tools for inducing de novo gene expression in vivo. Here we have exploited them to study the specificity of CD4/CD8 lineage commitment during thymocyte positive selection, transferring MHC class II genes directly into thymi of mice deficient in both class I and II molecules. Expression of class II molecules was induced on cortical stroma, provoking the selection of a large population of mature CD4(+)CD8(-) cells, as expected, but also of a significant number of CD4(-)CD8(+) cells. The latter constituted a diverse population, containing both immature precursors and, though less frequent, cells that were mature according to several criteria. CD4(-)CD8(+) cells appeared with the same kinetics as their CD4(+)CD8(-) counterparts, but tended to be more prevalent at early times or when thymocyte reconstitution was only modest. These observations, derived from a dynamic selection system, indicate that CD4/CD8 lineage commitment is not irredeemably linked to the class of MHC molecule driving positive selection, a conclusion most compatible with selective models of commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rooke
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP), 67404 Illkirch, CU de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Combining CD5-null, MHC-deficient and lineage-specific reporter animals, we have investigated the influence of CD5 on positive selection and the choice of CD4- versus CD8-lineage commitment on broad populations of thymocytes. CD5 has no obvious quantitative effect in wild-type mice. In mice lacking MHC class II molecules, however, increased numbers of transitional, class I-selected CD4+ CD8(int) CD3(hi) cells were positively selected in the absence of CD5. Importantly, they were committed to the CD4 lineage. Our results indicate that CD5 negatively regulates the differentiation of CD4-committed cells in suboptimal conditions, thus perhaps serving to tighten the correlation between restriction of the TCR and lineage choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS/INSERM/ULP) Illkirch, C.U. de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|