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De los Santos-Jiménez J, Campos-Sandoval JA, Alonso FJ, Márquez J, Matés JM. GLS and GLS2 Glutaminase Isoenzymes in the Antioxidant System of Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:745. [PMID: 38929183 PMCID: PMC11200642 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A pathway frequently altered in cancer is glutaminolysis, whereby glutaminase (GA) catalyzes the main step as follows: the deamidation of glutamine to form glutamate and ammonium. There are two types of GA isozymes, named GLS and GLS2, which differ considerably in their expression patterns and can even perform opposing roles in cancer. GLS correlates with tumor growth and proliferation, while GLS2 can function as a context-dependent tumor suppressor. However, both isoenzymes have been described as essential molecules handling oxidant stress because of their involvement in glutathione production. We reviewed the literature to highlight the critical roles of GLS and GLS2 in restraining ROS and regulating both cellular signaling and metabolic stress due to their function as indirect antioxidant enzymes, as well as by modulating both reductive carboxylation and ferroptosis. Blocking GA activity appears to be a potential strategy in the dual activation of ferroptosis and inhibition of cancer cell growth in a ROS-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan De los Santos-Jiménez
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - José A. Campos-Sandoval
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Alonso
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - José M. Matés
- Canceromics Lab, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.D.l.S.-J.); (J.A.C.-S.); (F.J.A.); (J.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
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Abooshahab R, Razavi F, Ghorbani F, Hooshmand K, Zarkesh M, Hedayati M. Thyroid cancer cell metabolism: A glance into cell culture system-based metabolomics approaches. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113936. [PMID: 38278284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and the seventh most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. It is a complex and diverse disease characterized by heterogeneity, underscoring the importance of understanding the underlying metabolic alterations within tumor cells. Metabolomics technologies offer a powerful toolset to explore and identify endogenous and exogenous biochemical reaction products, providing crucial insights into the intricate metabolic pathways and processes within living cells. Metabolism plays a central role in cell function, making metabolomics a valuable reflection of a cell's phenotype. In the OMICs era, metabolomics analysis of cells brings numerous advantages over existing methods, propelling cell metabolomics as an emerging field with vast potential for investigating metabolic pathways and their perturbation in pathophysiological conditions. This review article aims to look into recent developments in applying metabolomics for characterizing and interpreting the cellular metabolome in thyroid cancer cell lines, exploring their unique metabolic characteristics. Understanding the metabolic alterations in tumor cells can lead to the identification of critical nodes in the metabolic network that could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Razavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pani F, Caria P, Yasuda Y, Makoto M, Mariotti S, Leenhardt L, Roshanmehr S, Caturegli P, Buffet C. The Immune Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Context of Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174287. [PMID: 36077831 PMCID: PMC9454449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The association between papillary thyroid cancer and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis went through a long-standing human debate recently elucidated by the establishment of a novel mouse model. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is an excellent model for studying the tumor immune microenvironment because it is naturally accompanied by immune cells, making it a good candidate for the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Abstract Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) often co-occurs with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an association that has long been reported in clinical studies, remaining controversial. Experimental evidence has recently shown that pre-existing thyroiditis has a beneficial effect on PTC growth and progression by a distinctive expansion of effector memory CD8 T cells. Although the link between inflammation and PTC might involve different components of the immune system, a deep characterization of them which includes T cells, B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures, Mye-loid cells, Neutrophils, NK cells and dendritic cells will be desirable. The present review article considers the role of the adaptive and innate immune response surrounding PTC in the context of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This review will focus on the current knowledge by in vivo and in vitro studies specifically performed on animals’ models; thyroid cancer cells and human samples including (i) the dual role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; (ii) the emerging role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures; (iii) the role of myeloid cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells; (iv) the current knowledge of the molecular biomarkers implicated in the complex link between thyroiditis and PTC and the potential implication of cancer immunotherapy in PTC patients in the context of thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Pani
- Service des Pathologies Thyroïdiennes et Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SP 8, Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yoshinori Yasuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miyara Makoto
- Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (CIMI-PARIS), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Mariotti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Endocrinology Unit, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurence Leenhardt
- Service des Pathologies Thyroïdiennes et Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Solmaz Roshanmehr
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Camille Buffet
- Service des Pathologies Thyroïdiennes et Tumeurs Endocrines, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°16, GRC Tumeurs Thyroïdiennes, 75013 Paris, France
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Vitamin C Cytotoxicity and Its Effects in Redox Homeostasis and Energetic Metabolism in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050809. [PMID: 34065197 PMCID: PMC8161084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-dose of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, ascorbate) exhibits anti-tumoral effects, primarily mediated by pro-oxidant mechanisms. This cytotoxic effect is thought to affect the reciprocal crosstalk between redox balance and cell metabolism in different cancer types. Vitamin C also inhibits the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells, although the metabolic and redox effects remain to be fully understood. To shed light on these aspects, PTC-derived cell lines harboring the most common genetic alterations characterizing this tumor were used. Cell viability, apoptosis, and the metabolome were explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT), flow cytometry, and UHPLC/MS. Changes were observed in redox homeostasis, with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and perturbation in antioxidants and electron carriers, leading to cell death by both apoptosis and necrosis. The oxidative stress contributed to the metabolic alterations in both glycolysis and TCA cycle. Our results confirm the pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C as relevant in triggering the cytotoxicity in PTC cells and suggest that inhibition of glycolysis and alteration of TCA cycle via NAD+ depletion can play an important role in this mechanism of PTC cancer cell death.
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Rovcanin B, Stojsavljevic A, Kekic D, Gopcevic K, Manojlovic D, Jovanovic M, Knezevic S, Zivaljevic V, Diklic A, Paunovic I. Redox Status and Antioxidative Cofactor Metals Influence Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Colloid Goiter. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:349-359. [PMID: 31811573 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the endocrine neoplasm that occurs the most often worldwide, and its molecular pathophysiology is still not well characterized. Redox status is recognized as an important factor of carcinogenesis, but its influence on the PTC's clinical course needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this research was to determine the tissue redox status of 65 PTC and 45 colloid goiter (CG) patients together with antioxidative cofactor metal profiling. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was used to access the prooxidation level, while antioxidant mechanisms were estimated by assaying the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). The antioxidative cofactor metals included quantification of Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration. PTC tissues had normal prooxidation levels and increased GPx and GR activity. The activity of SOD has been significantly reduced in multicentric PTC dissemination and increased in smokers. SOD activity was directly dependent on MDA levels in CG tissues. CG patients with retrosternal goiter had reduced MDA concentration and SOD activity. Numerous correlations between redox parameters in PTC tissues reveal good co-activation of antioxidative mechanisms and cooperative response on prooxidation. PTC tissues had decreased Se levels and increased concentration of Cu and Mn in comparison to other tissues. MDA concentration and SOD activity were significant predictors of PTC's multicentric dissemination and for the existence of lymph node metastases, respectively. Particularly, the concentration of Cu predicted the retrosternal localization in CG patients. Significant findings presented in this study provide a possibility for development of novel prognostic molecular biomarkers of PTC and CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Rovcanin
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Dusan Kekic
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Gopcevic
- Institute for Chemistry in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
- South Ural State University, Lenin Prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Milan Jovanovic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Knezevic
- Center for Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Zivaljevic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Diklic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunovic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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The Potential of Metabolomics in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155272. [PMID: 32722293 PMCID: PMC7432278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system malignancy. However, there is still a lack of reliable and specific markers for the detection and staging of this disease. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the current gold standard for diagnosis of thyroid cancer, but drawbacks to this technique include indeterminate results or an inability to discriminate different carcinomas, thereby requiring additional surgical procedures to obtain a final diagnosis. It is, therefore, necessary to seek more reliable markers to complement and improve current methods. "Omics" approaches have gained much attention in the last decade in the field of biomarker discovery for diagnostic and prognostic characterisation of various pathophysiological conditions. Metabolomics, in particular, has the potential to identify molecular markers of thyroid cancer and identify novel metabolic profiles of the disease, which can, in turn, help in the classification of pathological conditions and lead to a more personalised therapy, assisting in the diagnosis and in the prediction of cancer behaviour. This review considers the current results in thyroid cancer biomarker research with a focus on metabolomics.
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Selenium usage and oxidative stress in Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chong ST, Tan KM, Kok CYL, Guan SP, Lai SH, Lim C, Hu J, Sturgis C, Eng C, Lam PYP, Ngeow J. IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5573-5584. [PMID: 31290966 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13RA2), which is known to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, plays a role in various cellular processes such as cell migration that may contribute to tumor progression. Studies have attributed IL13RA2 to invasion and metastasis in cancers of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, but the pathological role of IL13RA2 in thyroid cancer is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate IL13RA2 expression in thyroid carcinomas and to examine the role of IL13RA2 in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS IL13RA2 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of 137 thyroid carcinomas from patients, and the differential profile of IL13RA2 was validated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In PTC cell lines, we functionally assessed the effects of IL13RA2 underexpression and overexpression on cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using CCK-8, transwell migration assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS IL13RA2 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor T stage (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.001) and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1; P < 0.001). The staining scores of IL13RA2 were significantly higher in PTC compared with follicular subtypes (P < 0.001) and correlated with advanced tumor stage among PTC samples (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.028). Knockdown of IL13RA2 in B-CPAP cells significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration, and EMT markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Exogenous overexpression of IL13RA2 in K1 cells increased cell migration and EMT, although cell proliferation was not affected. CONCLUSION IL13RA2 is differentially regulated in PTC and is involved in cell migration by enhancing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Ting Chong
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Khee Ming Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Catherine Y L Kok
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cindy Lim
- Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Charles Sturgis
- Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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