1
|
Chaban IA, Gulevich AA, Baranova EN. Formation of Unique Placental Seed Capsules in the Maturation Process of the Tomato Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911101. [PMID: 36232399 PMCID: PMC9570308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological and anatomical study of the seed formation features in a juicy tomato fruit was carried out. The ovules, which form on the placenta, have been shown to be gradually enveloped by the protrusions of placental tissue that arises simultaneously with them. As a result of this process, each seed is enclosed in an individual capsule. These seed capsules have been shown in vivo to be airtight and air-filled. Tomato seeds, as has been shown in this study, develop inside these capsules until the full maturity of the fruit and do not come into contact with the detached and moldered cells of the placenta protrusions, which convert into a gel (pulp). Using scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to reveal the details of a ribbon-like “pubescence” formation of the tomato seed, as well as to understand the mechanism of cracking of the outer layer cells in the seed coat, associated with the detection of calcium oxalate crystals in these cells. The unique outer layer of the tomato seed coat seems to play the role of a scaffold that maintains a constant volume of the protective capsule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna A. Chaban
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryzevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryzevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Plant Protection Laboratory, N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ko HY, Ho LH, Neuhaus HE, Guo WJ. Transporter SlSWEET15 unloads sucrose from phloem and seed coat for fruit and seed development in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2230-2245. [PMID: 34618023 PMCID: PMC8644451 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersium), an important fruit crop worldwide, requires efficient sugar allocation for fruit development. However, molecular mechanisms for sugar import to fruits remain poorly understood. Expression of sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) proteins is closely linked to high fructose/glucose ratios in tomato fruits and may be involved in sugar allocation. Here, we discovered that SlSWEET15 is highly expressed in developing fruits compared to vegetative organs. In situ hybridization and β-glucuronidase fusion analyses revealed SlSWEET15 proteins accumulate in vascular tissues and seed coats, major sites of sucrose unloading in fruits. Localizing SlSWEET15-green fluorescent protein to the plasma membrane supported its putative role in apoplasmic sucrose unloading. The sucrose transport activity of SlSWEET15 was confirmed by complementary growth assays in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant. Elimination of SlSWEET15 function by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs)/CRISPR-associated protein gene editing significantly decreased average sizes and weights of fruits, with severe defects in seed filling and embryo development. Altogether, our studies suggest a role of SlSWEET15 in mediating sucrose efflux from the releasing phloem cells to the fruit apoplasm and subsequent import into storage parenchyma cells during fruit development. Furthermore, SlSWEET15-mediated sucrose efflux is likely required for sucrose unloading from the seed coat to the developing embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Ko
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 7013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 7013, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 7013, Taiwan
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang B, Hu G, Wang K, Frasse P, Maza E, Djari A, Deng W, Pirrello J, Burlat V, Pons C, Granell A, Li Z, van der Rest B, Bouzayen M. Interaction of two MADS-box genes leads to growth phenotype divergence of all-flesh type of tomatoes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6892. [PMID: 34824241 PMCID: PMC8616914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All-flesh tomato cultivars are devoid of locular gel and exhibit enhanced firmness and improved postharvest storage. Here, we show that SlMBP3 is a master regulator of locular tissue in tomato fruit and that a deletion at the gene locus underpins the All-flesh trait. Intriguingly, All-flesh varieties lack the deleterious phenotypes reported previously for SlMBP3 under-expressing lines and which preclude any potential commercial use. We resolve the causal factor for this phenotypic divergence through the discovery of a natural mutation at the SlAGL11 locus, a close homolog of SlMBP3. Misexpressing SlMBP3 impairs locular gel formation through massive transcriptomic reprogramming at initial phases of fruit development. SlMBP3 influences locule gel formation by controlling cell cycle and cell expansion genes, indicating that important components of fruit softening are determined at early pre-ripening stages. Our findings define potential breeding targets for improved texture in tomato and possibly other fleshy fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Huang
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326 France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Guojian Hu
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326 France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Keke Wang
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326 France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Pierre Frasse
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326 France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Elie Maza
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326 France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Anis Djari
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326 France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Wei Deng
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- grid.508721.9Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326 France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XLaboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP France
| | - Clara Pons
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Biología Molecular y Cellular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Biología Molecular y Cellular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China. .,Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| | - Benoît van der Rest
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP, France.
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, UMR990 Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales - UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, INP, France. .,Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dashbaldan S, Rogowska A, Pączkowski C, Szakiel A. Distribution of Triterpenoids and Steroids in Developing Rugosa Rose ( Rosarugosa Thunb.) Accessory Fruit. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175158. [PMID: 34500591 PMCID: PMC8433923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids and steroids are considered to be important for the fruit quality and health-promoting properties for the consumers. The aim of the study was the determination of the changes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis and the accumulation in hypanthium and achenes of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) hip during fruit development and ripening at three different phenological stages (young fruits, fully developed unripe fruits, and matured fruits). Triterpenoids and steroids were also determined in the peel and the pulp of the matured hips. The obtained results indicated that the distribution of the analyzed compounds in different fruit tissues is a selective process. The increased rate of hydroxylation of triterpenoids, the deposition of hydroxylated acids in fruit surface layer, and the continuous biosynthesis of phytosterols in achenes versus its gradual repression in hypanthium accompanied by the accumulation of their biosynthetic intermediates and ketone derivatives seem to be characteristic metabolic features of maturation of rugosa rose accessory fruit. These observations, apart from providing the important data on metabolic modifications occurring in developing fruits, might have a practical application in defining fruit parts, particularly rich in bioactive constituents, to enable the development of novel functional products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyol Dashbaldan
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (S.D.); (A.R.); (C.P.)
- School of Industrial Technology, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, 8nd Khoroo, Baga Toiruu 34, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
| | - Agata Rogowska
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (S.D.); (A.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Cezary Pączkowski
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (S.D.); (A.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Szakiel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (S.D.); (A.R.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225543316
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
MRSI vs CEST MRI to understand tomato metabolism in ripening fruit: is there a better contrast? Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1251-1257. [PMID: 33404743 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Besides structural information, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial to reveal the presence and gradients of metabolites in organs constituted of several tissues. In plant science, such knowledge is key to better understand fruit development and metabolism. Routine methods based on fixation for cytological studies or dissection for metabolite measurements induce biases and plant sample destruction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MSRI) leads to one NMR spectrum per pixel while chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI allows mapping metabolites having exchangeable protons. As both methods present different advantages and drawbacks, we compared them to map metabolites in ripe tomato fruits. We demonstrated that MRSI was difficult to interpret due to large spatial chemical shift variations while CEST MRI produced promising image mapping of the main carbohydrates and amino acids. It showed that glucose/fructose was mostly located in the locular tissue, whereas glutamate/glutamine/GABA was found inside the columella.Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dey A, Charrier B, Martineau E, Deborde C, Gandriau E, Moing A, Jacob D, Eshchenko D, Schnell M, Melzi R, Kurzbach D, Ceillier M, Chappuis Q, Cousin SF, Kempf JG, Jannin S, Dumez JN, Giraudeau P. Hyperpolarized NMR Metabolomics at Natural 13C Abundance. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14867-14871. [PMID: 33136383 PMCID: PMC7705890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics plays a pivotal role in systems biology, and NMR is a central tool with high precision and exceptional resolution of chemical information. Most NMR metabolomic studies are based on 1H 1D spectroscopy, severely limited by peak overlap. 13C NMR benefits from a larger signal dispersion but is barely used in metabolomics due to ca. 6000-fold lower sensitivity. We introduce a new approach, based on hyperpolarized 13C NMR at natural abundance, that circumvents this limitation. A new untargeted NMR-based metabolomic workflow based on dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) for the first time enabled hyperpolarized natural abundance 13C metabolomics. Statistical analysis of resulting hyperpolarized 13C data distinguishes two groups of plant (tomato) extracts and highlights biomarkers, in full agreement with previous results on the same biological model. We also optimize parameters of the semiautomated d-DNP system suitable for high-throughput studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dey
- Université
de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR
6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Benoît Charrier
- Université
de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR
6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Martineau
- Université
de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR
6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- SpectroMaitrise,
CAPACITES SAS, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- INRAE,
Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave
d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux
Metabolome, MetaboHUB, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle
Aquitaine-Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Elodie Gandriau
- Université
de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR
6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Annick Moing
- INRAE,
Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave
d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux
Metabolome, MetaboHUB, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle
Aquitaine-Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- INRAE,
Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave
d’Ornon, France
- Bordeaux
Metabolome, MetaboHUB, Centre INRAE de Nouvelle
Aquitaine-Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Dmitry Eshchenko
- Bruker
Biospin, Industriestrasse
26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schnell
- Bruker
Biospin, Industriestrasse
26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | | | - Dennis Kurzbach
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Morgan Ceillier
- Université
de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN),
FRE 2034, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Quentin Chappuis
- Université
de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN),
FRE 2034, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samuel F. Cousin
- Université
de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN),
FRE 2034, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - James G. Kempf
- Bruker
Biospin, 15 Fortune Dr., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Sami Jannin
- Université
de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude
Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN),
FRE 2034, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vats S, Bansal R, Rana N, Kumawat S, Bhatt V, Jadhav P, Kale V, Sathe A, Sonah H, Jugdaohsingh R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Unexplored nutritive potential of tomato to combat global malnutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1003-1034. [PMID: 33086895 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1832954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tomato, a widely consumed vegetable crop, offers a real potential to combat human nutritional deficiencies. Tomatoes are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds (including vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals) that are known to be essential or beneficial for human health. This review highlights the current state of the art in the molecular understanding of the nutritional aspects, conventional and molecular breeding efforts, and biofortification studies undertaken to improve the nutritional content and quality of tomato. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies, which offer a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of the tomato's nutrients, are discussed. The potential uses of the wastes from the tomato processing industry (i.e., the peels and seed extracts) that are particularly rich in oils and proteins are also discussed. Recent advancements with CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing technology provide enormous opportunities to enhance the nutritional content of agricultural produces, including tomatoes. In this regard, genome editing efforts with respect to biofortification in the tomato plant are also discussed. The recent technological advancements and knowledge gaps described herein aim to help explore the unexplored nutritional potential of the tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Jadhav
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Vijay Kale
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Atul Sathe
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abreu AC, Fernández I. NMR Metabolomics Applied on the Discrimination of Variables Influencing Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Molecules 2020; 25:E3738. [PMID: 32824282 PMCID: PMC7463728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato composition and nutritional value are attracting increasing attention and interest from both consumers and producers. The interest in enhancing fruits' quality with respect to beneficious nutrients and flavor/aroma components is based not only in their economic added value but also in their implications involving organoleptic and healthy properties and has generated considerable research interest among nutraceutical and horticultural industries. The present article reviews up to March 2020 some of the most relevant studies based on the application of NMR coupled to multivariate statistical analysis that have addressed the investigation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Specifically, the NMR untargeted technique in the agri-food sector can generate comprehensive data on metabolic networks and is paving the way towards the understanding of variables affecting tomato crops and composition such as origin, variety, salt-water irrigation, cultivation techniques, stage of development, among many others. Such knowledge is helpful to improve fruit quality through cultural practices that divert the metabolism towards the desired pathways and, probably more importantly, drives further efforts towards the differentiation of those crops developed under controlled and desired agronomical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Special Issue on "NMR-Based Metabolomics and Its Applications Volume 2". Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020045. [PMID: 31991891 PMCID: PMC7073525 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the number of scientific publications in the metabolomics area has increased exponentially. The literature includes ~29,000 contributions (articles and reviews) during the period of 2009–2019, revealing metabolomics applications in a wide range of fields, including medical, plant, animal, and food sciences (this bibliographic data were retrieved from the SCOPUS database, searching “metabolomics” in keywords). The high applicability of this approach is due to its ability to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the chemical profile of all the low molecular weight metabolites (metabolome) present in cells, tissues, organs, and biological fluids as end products of the cellular regulatory pathways. Thus, providing a snapshot of the phenotype of a biological system, metabolomics offers useful contributions to a comprehensive insight into the functional status of human, animal, plant, and microbe organisms. The contributions collected in this Special Issue (12 articles, one review and one technical report) report on the recent technical advances and practical applications of NMR spectroscopy to metabolomics analyses.
Collapse
|