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Banks JD, Emami A. Carbon-Based Piezoresistive Polymer Nanocomposites by Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: Process, Material Design, and Current Progress. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e548-e571. [PMID: 38689914 PMCID: PMC11057547 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Advancement in additive manufacturing (AM) allows the production of nanocomposites with complex and custom geometries not typically allowable with conventional manufacturing techniques. The benefits of AM have led to recent interest in producing multifunctional materials capable of being printed with current AM technologies. In this article, piezoresistive composites realized by AM and the matrices and fillers utilized to make such devices are introduced and discussed. Carbon-based nanoparticles (Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene/Graphite, and Carbon Black) are often the filler choice of most researchers and are heavily discussed throughout this review in combination with extrusion AM methods. Piezoresistive applications such as physiological and wearable sensors, structural health monitoring, and soft robotics are presented with an emphasis on material and AM selection to meet the demands of such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Banks
- Materials Science, Engineering, & Commercialization, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Anahita Emami
- Mechanical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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2
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Ulkir O. Conductive Additive Manufactured Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Filaments: Statistical Approach to Mechanical and Electrical Behaviors. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1423-1438. [PMID: 38116220 PMCID: PMC10726190 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a process in which digital three-dimensional (3D) design data are used to build a component in layers by accumulating materials. There are many materials used in additive manufacturing technology. The most basic features that distinguish these materials are their strength and electrical behavior. They can be strong or flexible, resistant to abrasion, depending on the application used. Recently, 3D printing filament and polymeric composite materials combined with carbon nanostructures with electrical conductivity have been used. In this study, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a carbon black-filled conductive material with high strength and hardness, was preferred. The aim in this study is to focus on the mechanical and electrical behavior of the material processed in filament form. Fabrication of samples was done using a fused deposition modeling-based printer that controls filament orientation. Different experimental studies were conducted: (1) mechanical tests to determine the maximum tensile strength values of the samples; and (2) electrical tests to analyze the electrical resistances of the samples. In the design of the first experiment, infill volume, layer height, infill type, and printing direction were determined as factors affecting strength. In the design of the second experiment, the length, nozzle temperature, and measurement temperature were determined as the factors affecting the electrical resistance. Statistical analysis of the measured data was performed to evaluate the overall result of the experiments. Finally, a prediction model of real-time tensile strength and resistance values was created using machine learning algorithms. These algorithms are Gaussian Process Regression and Support Vector Machine. The results confirmed the known linear dependence of electrical resistance on the length of the 3D-printed conductive ABS samples and showed how changing the fabrication settings affected the strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ulkir
- Department of Electric and Energy, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
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3
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Puthillam U, Ravoor J, Elsen Selvam R, Karuppan D, Bakthavachalam B, Aseer JR. Physical, mechanical, and biological characterization of robocasted carbon nanotube reinforced microwave sintered calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105523. [PMID: 36257144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study analyses the influence of the addition of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) on the physical, mechanical, and biological behaviour of Calcium Phosphate (CP) bone scaffolds developed using the robocasting technique for bone regeneration. Three different mass percentages (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) of MWCNT are added to the CP powder and a slurry is prepared using a CMC binder for printing the scaffolds. The scaffolds were printed in 2 infill ratios, 50 and 100%, and were sintered under an inert atmosphere in a microwave furnace which was then taken for various characterization studies. Physical characterisation studies revealed that the shrinkage rate of scaffolds is very low compared to other additive manufacturing techniques. The incorporation of 0.5 wt% of MWCNT produced the best results in mechanical characterization studies with a compressive strength of 10.38 MPa and 11.89 MPa for 50% and 100% infill ratios respectively. In Vitro Biocompatibility studies also proved that 0.5 wt% MWCNT samples are the most suitable for cell growth while the hemocompatibility tests showed that the samples are blood compatible. . The 100% infill samples fared better than the 50% samples in physical and mechanical properties. The results suggest that the MWCNT incorporated CP scaffolds can be used to treat critical size bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umanath Puthillam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Jishita Ravoor
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Renold Elsen Selvam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| | - Deepan Karuppan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | | | - J Ronald Aseer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Puducherry, India
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4
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Kim J, Jang J. 3D printable conductive composite inks for the fabrication of biocompatible electrodes in tissue engineering application. Int J Bioprint 2022; 9:643. [PMID: 36636129 PMCID: PMC9831065 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v9i1.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Native tissues are affected by the microenvironment surrounding the tissue, including electrical activities. External electrical stimulation, which is used in replicating electrical activities and regulating cell behavior, is mainly applied in neural and cardiac tissues due to their electrophysiological properties. The in vitro cell culture platform with electrodes provides precise control of the stimulation property and eases the observation of the effects on the cells. The frequently used electrodes are metal or carbon rods, but their risk of damaging tissue and their mechanical properties that are largely different from those of native tissues hinder further applications. Biocompatible polymer reinforced with conductive fillers emerges as a potential solution to fabricate the complex structure of the platform and electrode. Conductive polymer can be used as an ink in the extrusion-based printing method, thus enabling the fabrication of volumetric structures. The filler simultaneously alters the electrical and rheological properties of the ink; therefore, the amount of additional compound should be precisely determined regarding printability and conductivity. This review provides an overview on the rheology and conductivity change relative to the concentration of conductive fillers and the applications of printed electrodes. Next, we discuss the future potential use of a cell culture platform with electrodes from in vitro and in vivo perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea,Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding author: Jinah Jang ()
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5
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Chen J, Zhao L, Zhou K. Multi-Jet Fusion 3D Voxel Printing of Conductive Elastomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205909. [PMID: 36125341 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3D voxel printing enables the fabrication of parts with site-specific materials and properties at voxel-scale resolution, while the current research mainly focuses on the variations in mechanical properties and colors. In this work, the design and fabrication of voxelated conductive elastomers using Multi Jet Fusion 3D voxel printing actualized by a newly developed multifunctional agent (MA) are investigated. The MA, mainly consisting of carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, serves as an infrared-absorbing colorant, a reinforcement, and a conductive filler simultaneously. By controlling the drop-on-demand dispensing of the agents on thermoplastic polyurethane powder, the electrical conductivity across a single printed part can be tailored over a wide range from 10-10 to 10-1 S cm-1 at a voxel resolution of ≈100 µm. Assembly-free strain sensors comprising conductive sensing layers and insulating frames are fabricated to demonstrate the capability of the technique in manufacturing all-printed wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Chen
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lihua Zhao
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- 3D Lab, HP Labs, HP Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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6
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Zhao B, Sivasankar VS, Subudhi SK, Sinha S, Dasgupta A, Das S. Applications, fluid mechanics, and colloidal science of carbon-nanotube-based 3D printable inks. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14858-14894. [PMID: 36196967 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04912g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing (3DP), is a novel and developing technology, which has a wide range of industrial and scientific applications. This technology has continuously progressed over the past several decades, with improvement in productivity, resolution of the printed features, achievement of more and more complex shapes and topographies, scalability of the printed components and devices, and discovery of new printing materials with multi-functional capabilities. Among these newly developed printing materials, carbon-nanotubes (CNT) based inks, with their remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, have emerged as an extremely attractive option. Various formulae of CNT-based ink have been developed, including CNT-nano-particle inks, CNT-polymer inks, and CNT-based non-nanocomposite inks (i.e., CNT ink that is not in a form where CNT particles are suspended in a polymer matrix). Various types of sensors as well as soft and smart electronic devices with a multitude of applications have been fabricated with CNT-based inks by employing different 3DP methods including syringe printing (SP), aerosol-jet printing (AJP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and stereolithography (SLA). Despite such progress, there is inadequate literature on the various fluid mechanics and colloidal science aspects associated with the printability and property-tunability of nanoparticulate inks, specifically CNT-based inks. This review article, therefore, will focus on the formulation, dispersion, and the associated fluid mechanics and the colloidal science of 3D printable CNT-based inks. This article will first focus on the different examples where 3DP has been employed for printing CNT-based inks for a multitude of applications. Following that, we shall highlight the various key fluid mechanics and colloidal science issues that are central and vital to printing with such inks. Finally, the article will point out the open existing challenges and scope of future work on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | | | - Swarup Kumar Subudhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Defect Metrology Group, Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | - Abhijit Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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7
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Brooke R, Lay M, Jain K, Francon H, Say MG, Belaineh D, Wang X, Håkansson KMO, Wågberg L, Engquist I, Edberg J, Berggren M. Nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS composites and their applications. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brooke
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Makara Lay
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- INM- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karishma Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Francon
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehmet Girayhan Say
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dagmawi Belaineh
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xin Wang
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isak Engquist
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jesper Edberg
- Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Bio- and Organic Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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8
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Kongkaew S, Tubtimtong S, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P, Chang KH, Abdullah AFL, Limbut W. A Fabrication of Multichannel Graphite Electrode Using Low-Cost Stencil-Printing Technique. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22083034. [PMID: 35459019 PMCID: PMC9032575 DOI: 10.3390/s22083034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Multichannel graphite electrodes (MGrEs) have been designed and fabricated in this study. A template was cut from an adhesive plastic sheet using a desktop cutting device. The template was placed on a polypropylene substrate, and carbon graphite ink was applied with a squeegee to the template. The size of the auxiliary electrode (AE) as well as the location of the reference electrode (RE) of MGrEs design were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the thickness of the ink on the four working electrodes (WEs), which was 21.9 ± 1.8 µm. Cyclic voltammetry with a redox probe solution was used to assess the precision of the four WEs. The intra-electrode repeatability and inter-electrode reproducibility of the MGrEs production were satisfied by low RSD (<6%). Therefore, the MGrEs is reliable and capable of detecting four replicates of the target analyte in a single analysis. The electrochemical performance of four WEs was investigated and compared to one WE. The sensitivity of the MGrEs was comparable to the sensitivity of a single WE. The MGrEs’ potential applications were investigated by analyzing the nitrite in milk and tap water samples (recoveries values of 97.6 ± 0.4 to 110 ± 2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatinee Kongkaew
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensors (TAB-CoE), Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.K.); (P.T.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Suowarot Tubtimtong
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensors (TAB-CoE), Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.K.); (P.T.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensors (TAB-CoE), Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.K.); (P.T.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kah Haw Chang
- Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (K.H.C.); (A.F.L.A.)
| | - Ahmad Fahmi Lim Abdullah
- Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (K.H.C.); (A.F.L.A.)
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensors (TAB-CoE), Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.K.); (P.T.); (P.K.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
- Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-74-288563
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Jalili AR, Satalov A, Nazari S, Rahmat Suryanto BH, Sun J, Ghasemian MB, Mayyas M, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Mayes E, Bhargava SK, Araki J, Zakri C, Poulin P, Esrafilzadeh D, Amal R. Liquid Crystal-Mediated 3D Printing Process to Fabricate Nano-Ordered Layered Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28627-28638. [PMID: 34110785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) printing promises a disruption in the design and on-demand fabrication of smart structures in applications ranging from functional devices to human organs. However, the scale at which 3D printing excels is within macro- and microlevels and principally lacks the spatial ordering of building blocks at nanolevels, which is vital for most multifunctional devices. Herein, we employ liquid crystal (LC) inks to bridge the gap between the nano- and microscales in a single-step 3D printing. The LC ink is prepared from mixtures of LCs of nanocellulose whiskers and large sheets of graphene oxide, which offers a highly ordered laminar organization not inherently present in the source materials. LC-mediated 3D printing imparts the fine-tuning required for the design freedom of architecturally layered systems at the nanoscale with intricate patterns within the 3D-printed constructs. This approach empowered the development of a high-performance humidity sensor composed of self-assembled lamellar organization of NC whiskers. We observed that the NC whiskers that are flat and parallel to each other in the laminar organization allow facile mass transport through the structure, demonstrating a significant improvement in the sensor performance. This work exemplifies how LC ink, implemented in a 3D printing process, can unlock the potential of individual constituents to allow macroscopic printing architectures with nanoscopic arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Satalov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 9, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Sahar Nazari
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryan Harry Rahmat Suryanto
- Australian Centre for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad Bagher Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmad E Kandjani
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin Mayes
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Araki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano prefecture, Japan
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano prefecture, Japan
| | - Cécile Zakri
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal-CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Philippe Poulin
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal-CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Alfonso MS, Parant H, Yuan J, Neri W, Laurichesse E, Kampioti K, Colin A, Poulin P. Highly conductive colloidal carbon based suspension for flow-assisted electrochemical systems. iScience 2021; 24:102456. [PMID: 34013170 PMCID: PMC8113993 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon suspension electrodes are promising for flow-assisted electrochemical energy storage systems. They serve as flowable electrodes in electrolyte solutions of flow batteries, or flow capacitors. They can also be used for other applications such as capacitive deionization of water. However, developments of such suspensions remain challenging. The suspensions should combine low viscosity and high electronic conductivity for optimized performances. In this work, we report a flowable aqueous carbon dispersion which exhibits a viscosity of only 2 Pa.s at a shear rate of 5 s-1 for a concentration of particles of 7 wt%. This suspension displays an electronic conductivity of 65 mS/cm, nearly two orders of magnitude greater than previously investigated related materials. The investigated suspensions are stabilized by sodium alginate and arabic gum in the presence of ammonium sulfate. Their use in flowable systems for the storage and discharge of electrical charges is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S. Alfonso
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Parant
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jinkai Yuan
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Wilfrid Neri
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Eric Laurichesse
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Katerina Kampioti
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Annie Colin
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
- Université PSL, MIE-CBI ESPCI Paris 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Philippe Poulin
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
- Corresponding author
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11
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Yang J, Wang H, Zhou B, Shen J, Zhang Z, Du A. Versatile Direct Writing of Aerogel-Based Sol-Gel Inks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2129-2139. [PMID: 33502207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct ink writing (DIW) of aerogels has great potential in designing novel three-dimensional (3D) multifunctional materials with hierarchical structures ranging from the nanoscale to the macroscopic scale. In this paper, pure aerogels composed of inorganics, strongly cross-linking organics, and weakly cross-linking organics were directly written via the precise control of the gelation degree without using any additives. The rheological properties of a resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel-based sol-gel ink (marked as RA ink) were measured at different reaction times to determine the suitable printable range (G'LVR: several 103 Pa) that ensures its good print fidelity. In addition, the rheological evolution of the RA ink during the sol-gel process and under different shear stresses was studied. The correlation of relevant parameters was established according to the Hagen-Poiseuille model. Other typical aerogel-based sol-gel inks including a silica aerogel-based sol-gel ink (SA ink) and a polyimide aerogel-based sol-gel ink (PA ink) for DIW were also demonstrated. Finally, water evaporation experiments were carried out using a 3D-printed carbonized resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel (CA) to further exhibit the potential applications of this novel technology in solar steam generation. The evaporation rate (1.57 kg m-2 h-1) and efficiency (88.38%) of 3D-printed CA were higher than those of bulk CA (1.21 kg m-2 h-1 and 69.82%). This paper systematically studies the control of DIW parameters for aerogel-based sol-gel inks and shows a potential application in high-efficiency 3D-printed evaporators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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Elder B, Neupane R, Tokita E, Ghosh U, Hales S, Kong YL. Nanomaterial Patterning in 3D Printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907142. [PMID: 32129917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies can enable the creation of architecture and devices with an unprecedented level of functional integration. In particular, a multiscale 3D printing approach can seamlessly interweave nanomaterials with diverse classes of materials to impart, program, or modulate a wide range of functional properties in an otherwise passive 3D printed object. However, achieving such multiscale integration is challenging as it requires the ability to pattern, organize, or assemble nanomaterials in a 3D printing process. This review highlights the latest advances in the integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing, achieved by leveraging mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, or thermal phenomena. Ultimately, it is envisioned that such approaches can enable the creation of multifunctional constructs and devices that cannot be fabricated with conventional manufacturing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Elder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rajan Neupane
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Eric Tokita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Udayan Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Samuel Hales
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Yong Lin Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Corletto A, Shapter JG. Nanoscale Patterning of Carbon Nanotubes: Techniques, Applications, and Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2001778. [PMID: 33437571 PMCID: PMC7788638 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) devices and electronics are achieving maturity and directly competing or surpassing devices that use conventional materials. CNTs have demonstrated ballistic conduction, minimal scaling effects, high current capacity, low power requirements, and excellent optical/photonic properties; making them the ideal candidate for a new material to replace conventional materials in next-generation electronic and photonic systems. CNTs also demonstrate high stability and flexibility, allowing them to be used in flexible, printable, and/or biocompatible electronics. However, a major challenge to fully commercialize these devices is the scalable placement of CNTs into desired micro/nanopatterns and architectures to translate the superior properties of CNTs into macroscale devices. Precise and high throughput patterning becomes increasingly difficult at nanoscale resolution, but it is essential to fully realize the benefits of CNTs. The relatively long, high aspect ratio structures of CNTs must be preserved to maintain their functionalities, consequently making them more difficult to pattern than conventional materials like metals and polymers. This review comprehensively explores the recent development of innovative CNT patterning techniques with nanoscale lateral resolution. Each technique is critically analyzed and applications for the nanoscale-resolution approaches are demonstrated. Promising techniques and the challenges ahead for future devices and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
| | - Joseph G. Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia
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Tagliaferro A, Charitidis C. Editorial for the Special Issue on Carbon Based Electronic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10120856. [PMID: 31817661 PMCID: PMC6952990 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico Torino, Corso Ducadegli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Costas Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographou, Athens GR-15780, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (C.C.)
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Krajnak K, Waugh S, Stefaniak A, Schwegler-Berry D, Roach K, Barger M, Roberts J. Exposure to graphene nanoparticles induces changes in measures of vascular/renal function in a load and form-dependent manner in mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:711-726. [PMID: 31370764 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1645772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphenes isolated from crystalline graphite are used in several industries. Employees working in the production of graphenes may be at risk of developing respiratory problems attributed to inhalation or contact with particulate matter (PM). However, graphene nanoparticles might also enter the circulation and accumulate in other organs. The aim of this study was to examine how different forms of graphene affect peripheral vascular functions, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in gene expression that may be indicative of cardiovascular and/or renal dysfunction. In the first investigation, different doses of graphene nanoplatelets were administered to mice via oropharyngeal aspiration. These effects were compared to those of dispersion medium (DM) and carbon black (CB). Gene expression alterations were observed in the heart for CB and graphene; however, only CB produced changes in peripheral vascular function. In the second study, oxidized forms of graphene were administered. Both oxidized forms increased the sensitivity of peripheral blood vessels to adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction and induced changes in ROS levels in the heart. Based upon the results of these investigations, exposure to graphene nanoparticles produced physiological and alterations in ROS and gene expression that may lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. Evidence indicates that the effects of these particles may be dependent upon dose and graphene form to which an individual may be exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Krajnak
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - S Waugh
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Ab Stefaniak
- b Respiratory Health Division, West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - D Schwegler-Berry
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | | | - M Barger
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jr Roberts
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
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Kamran U, Heo YJ, Lee JW, Park SJ. Functionalized Carbon Materials for Electronic Devices: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E234. [PMID: 30987220 PMCID: PMC6523075 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials, including graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), are very promising materials for developing future-generation electronic devices. Their efficient physical, chemical, and electrical properties, such as high conductivity, efficient thermal and electrochemical stability, and high specific surface area, enable them to fulfill the requirements of modern electronic industries. In this review article, we discuss the synthetic methods of different functionalized carbon materials based on graphene oxide (GO), SWCNTs, MWCNTs, carbon fibers (CFs), and activated carbon (AC). Furthermore, we highlight the recent developments and applications of functionalized carbon materials in energy storage devices (supercapacitors), inkjet printing appliances, self-powered automatic sensing devices (biosensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors), and stretchable/flexible wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Kamran
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Young-Jung Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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Rheological Issues of Phase Change Materials Obtained by the Complex Coacervation of Butyl Stearate in Poly Methyl Methacrylate Membranes. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The research started from the fact that the coacervation process represents the process of formation of macromolecular aggregates after separation from the phase that takes place in a homogeneous polymer solution as a result of the addition of a non-solvent. This process is very complex, and takes place in several stages of emulsification technology. The first step of the research created a sample through an encapsulation process of complex coacervation, followed by the creation of three different samples with specific emulsification technologies. Each resulting sample and step of emulsification went through rheological analysis, including the development of evolutions of the complex viscosity, loss module and respective storage module. When we analyzed the rheological properties of each sample at different emulsification stages, we reached the conclusion that, at the moment when the polymerization reaction develops the methyl methacrylate (MMA), the loss modules of the samples were stronger than the storage modules. In this context, the emulsification technology strongly influenced the process of forming the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) layer over the butyl stearate particles. In addition, in order to obtain the corresponding microcapsules, it was preferable for the butyl stearate particles covered with MMA to be vigorously stirred in a short period of time, under 250 s, because after that the polymerization process of the MMA on the surface of the particles begins. When producing microcapsules, it is very important that the whole process of emulsification be accompanied by rigorous stirring.
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