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Montes-García V, Samorì P. Humidity Sensing with Supramolecular Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2208766. [PMID: 36810806 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precise monitoring of the humidity level is important for the living comfort and for many applications in various industrial sectors. Humidity sensors have thus become one among the most extensively studied and used chemical sensors by targeting a maximal device performance through the optimization of the components and working mechanism. Among different moisture-sensitive systems, supramolecular nanostructures are ideal active materials for the next generation of highly efficient humidity sensors. Their noncovalent nature guarantees fast response, high reversibility, and fast recovery time in the sensing event. Herein, the most enlightening recent strategies on the use of supramolecular nanostructures for humidity sensing are showcased. The key performance indicators in humidity sensing, including operation range, sensitivity, selectivity, response, and recovery speed are discussed as milestones for true practical applications. Some of the most remarkable examples of supramolecular-based humidity sensors are presented, by describing the finest sensing materials, the operating principles, and sensing mechanisms, the latter being based on the structural or charge-transport changes triggered by the interaction of the supramolecular nanostructures with the ambient humidity. Finally, the future directions, challenges, and opportunities for the development of humidity sensors with performance beyond the state of the art are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Montes-García
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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2
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Ye Y, Yu L, Lizundia E, Zhu Y, Chen C, Jiang F. Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9204-9264. [PMID: 37419504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and largely determine the function and performance of these devices. In the pursuit of developing ICs required for better performing and sustainable devices, cellulose appears as an attractive and promising building block due to its high abundance, renewability, striking mechanical strength, and other functional features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary regarding ICs fabricated from cellulose and cellulose-derived materials in terms of fundamental structural features of cellulose, the materials design and fabrication techniques for engineering, main properties and characterization, and diverse applications. Next, the potential of cellulose-based ICs to relieve the increasing concern about electronic waste within the frame of circularity and environmental sustainability and the future directions to be explored for advancing this field are discussed. Overall, we hope this review can provide a comprehensive summary and unique perspectives on the design and application of advanced cellulose-based ICs and thereby encourage the utilization of cellulosic materials toward sustainable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Le Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials Lab, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chaoji Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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3
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Sysoev VI, Gurova OA, Fedoseeva YV, Gusel'nikov AV, Makarova AA, Okotrub AV, Bulusheva LG. Tuning humidity sensing properties via grafting fluorine and nitrogen-containing species on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:19976-19985. [PMID: 37461330 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01550e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of humidity on the electrical conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films depends on both the conductivity of individual nanotubes and the electrical contacts between them. Here, we study these factors by comparing the sensor response of nanotubes with fluorine- and nitrogen-containing groups attached to the sidewalls. Experiments carried out in a wide range of relative humidity (RH) at room and elevated temperatures showed that the conductivity of non-functionalized SWCNTs and contacts between them decreases upon the adsorption of water molecules. Covalent fluorination reduces the conductivity of SWCNTs and significantly increases the sensitivity of the film to low concentrations of water vapor. The response at high RH decreases due to the large number of water molecules adsorbed on the conductive regions of the nanotubes. As a result of substitutional reactions of fluorinated SWCNTs with dimethylformamide and ethylenediamine, nitrogen-containing groups are added, the amount of which, however, is much less than the amount of fluorine. This modification of the SWCNTs improves intertube contacts in the film and increases the surface area for water adsorption. Our results show that an increase in the number of functional groups on the SWCNT surface enhances the sensitivity of the sensor to low water concentrations and worsens the response at high RH. SWCNTs modified with ethylenediamine have the highest sensitivity over the entire range of RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii I Sysoev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Olga A Gurova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Yuliya V Fedoseeva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Artem V Gusel'nikov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Anna A Makarova
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander V Okotrub
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Lyubov G Bulusheva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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4
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Pinto RMR, Nemala SS, Faraji M, Fernandes J, Ponte C, De Bellis G, Retolaza A, Vinayakumar KB, Capasso A. Material jetting of carbon nano onions for printed electronics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:365710. [PMID: 37267925 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acdad7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As an additive manufacturing process, material jetting techniques allow to selectively deposit droplets of materials in liquid or powder form through a small-diameter aperture, such as a nozzle of a print head. For the fabrication of printed electronics, a variety of inks and dispersions of functional materials can be deposited by drop-on-demand printing on rigid and flexible substrates. In this work, zero-dimensional multi-layer shell-structured fullerene material, also known as carbon nano-onion (CNO) or onion-like carbon, is printed on polyethylene terephthalate substrates using drop-on-demand inkjet printing. CNOs are produced using a low-cost flame synthesis technique and characterized by electron microscopy, Raman, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and specific surface area and pore size measurements. The produced CNO material has an average diameter of ∼33 nm, pore diameter in the range ∼2-40 nm and a specific surface area of 160 m2.g-1. The CNO dispersions in ethanol have a reduced viscosity (∼1.2 mPa.s) and are compatible with commercial piezoelectric inkjet heads. The jetting parameters are optimized to avoid satellite drops and to obtain a reduced drop volume (52 pL), resulting in optimal resolution (220μm) and line continuity. A multi-step process is implemented without inter-layer curing and a fine control over the CNO layer thickness is achieved (∼180 nm thick layer after 10 printing passes). The printed CNO structures show an electrical resistivity of ∼600 Ω.m, a high negative temperature coefficient of resistance (-4.35 × 10-2°C-1) and a marked dependency on relative humidity (-1.29 × 10-2RH%-1). The high sensitivity to temperature and humidity, combined to the large specific area of the CNOs, make this material and the corresponding ink a viable prospect for inkjet-printed technologies, such as environmental and gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M R Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Joao Fernandes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Clara Ponte
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Giovanni De Bellis
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Research Center on Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aritz Retolaza
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - K B Vinayakumar
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrea Capasso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Uçar E, Dogu M, Demirhan E, Krause B. PMMA/SWCNT Composites with Very Low Electrical Percolation Threshold by Direct Incorporation and Masterbatch Dilution and Characterization of Electrical and Thermoelectrical Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1431. [PMID: 37111016 PMCID: PMC10145481 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) composites were prepared by melt mixing to achieve suitable SWCNT dispersion and distribution and low electrical resistivity, whereby the SWCNT direct incorporation method was compared with masterbatch dilution. An electrical percolation threshold of 0.05-0.075 wt% was found, the lowest threshold value for melt-mixed PMMA/SWCNT composites reported so far. The influence of rotation speed and method of SWCNT incorporation into the PMMA matrix on the electrical properties and the SWCNT macro dispersion was investigated. It was found that increasing rotation speed improved macro dispersion and electrical conductivity. The results showed that electrically conductive composites with a low percolation threshold could be prepared by direct incorporation using high rotation speed. The masterbatch approach leads to higher resistivity values compared to the direct incorporation of SWCNTs. In addition, the thermal behavior and thermoelectric properties of PMMA/SWCNT composites were studied. The Seebeck coefficients vary from 35.8 µV/K to 53.4 µV/K for composites up to 5 wt% SWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Uçar
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Chemical Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Dogu
- Mir Ar-Ge Inc., Research Department, Esenyurt, 34522 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Elcin Demirhan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Beate Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Korotcenkov G. Paper-Based Humidity Sensors as Promising Flexible Devices: State of the Art: Part 1. General Consideration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061110. [PMID: 36986004 PMCID: PMC10059663 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the first part of the review article "General considerations" we give information about conventional flexible platforms and consider the advantages and disadvantages of paper when used in humidity sensors, both as a substrate and as a humidity-sensitive material. This consideration shows that paper, especially nanopaper, is a very promising material for the development of low-cost flexible humidity sensors suitable for a wide range of applications. Various humidity-sensitive materials suitable for use in paper-based sensors are analyzed and the humidity-sensitive characteristics of paper and other humidity-sensitive materials are compared. Various configurations of humidity sensors that can be developed on the basis of paper are considered, and a description of the mechanisms of their operation is given. Next, we discuss the manufacturing features of paper-based humidity sensors. The main attention is paid to the consideration of such problems as patterning and electrode formation. It is shown that printing technologies are the most suitable for mass production of paper-based flexible humidity sensors. At the same time, these technologies are effective both in the formation of a humidity-sensitive layer and in the manufacture of electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova
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7
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Hu X, Yu X, Xiong X, Li S, Jin T, Chen Y. Enhancing anti‐thermal hysteresis ability, response stability and sensitivity of polymer humidity sensor by in‐situ crosslinking curing method. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqi Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xueting Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyan Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. Chongqing China
| | - Siyi Li
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Jin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yufang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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8
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Mendes S, Kurapova O, Faia P, Pazheltsev V, Zaripov A, Konakov V. Polyantimonic acid-based materials evaluated as moisture sensors at ambient temperature. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHumidity sensors are in high demand for many applications, such as environmental monitoring and air and food quality control. Despite many inorganic and organic materials exhibit moisture sensing properties, the electrical response of many existing sensors is not stable along the time. Polyantimonic acid (PAA) is characterized by elevated proton conductivity and by high thermal stability: consequently, it is seen as promising proton conductor for usage in humidity sensing devices. In this work, for the first time, PAA-based bulk solid membranes were produced and tested as potential materials for relative humidity (RH) detection and their moisture sensitivity was evaluated. Two different amounts of binder were used for moulding the solid sensors: the ones with 10% of binder were designated as 90PAA, while the ones with 20% were named 80PAA. The structures of the solid samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, adsorption–desorption curves via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The electrical behaviour was examined at ambient temperature by electrical impedance spectroscopy in the entire relative humidity (RH) interval (0–100%) and in the frequency range of 40 Hz up to 60 MHz. Electrical response of the materials was correlated with the structural features of the membranes. Both 90PAA and 80PAA sensors showed total resistance 3 × 105 and 3.5 × 105 Ω at 10% RH, respectively. A linear decrease of the resistance on RH was observed in the range 30–90% RH for both sensors. The electrical response of the evaluated PAA-based sensors displays good repeatability and reproducibility: the ones with lower binder content showed higher moisture sensitivity as well as very good time stability over 1 year.
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9
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Wu K, Fei T, Zhang T. Humidity Sensors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234208. [PMID: 36500831 PMCID: PMC9740828 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensors are important in industrial fields and human activities. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives are a class of promising humidity-sensing materials with the characteristics of a large specific surface area, high porosity, modifiable frameworks, and high stability. The drawbacks of MOFs, such as poor film formation, low electrical conductivity, and limited hydrophilicity, have been gradually overcome with the development of material science. Currently, it is moving towards a critical development stage of MOF-based humidity sensors from usability to ease of use, of which great challenges remain unsolved. In order to better understand the related challenges and point out the direction for the future development of MOF-based humidity sensors, we reviewed the development of such sensors based on related published work, focusing on six primary types (impedance, capacitive, resistive, fluorescent, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and others) and analyzed the sensing mechanism, material design, and sensing performance involved, and presented our thoughts on the possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng Fei
- Correspondence: author: (T.F.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-8385 (T.Z.); Fax: +86-431-8516-827 (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Correspondence: author: (T.F.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8516-8385 (T.Z.); Fax: +86-431-8516-827 (T.Z.)
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Wu J, Zhou W, Wang X, Li S. Experimental Measurement of Diffusion Coefficient of Polyimide Film for Capacitive Humidity Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224910. [PMID: 36433037 PMCID: PMC9693837 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyimide (PI) film is widely used as the key component of the capacitive humidity sensor, whose diffusion coefficient has a significant impact on the sensor's dynamic characteristics, but is rarely discussed. This paper provides a test method and processes for effective diffusion coefficients of water molecules in self-synthesis PI films. The films were formed by four ingredients (PMDA-ODA, BPDA-ODA and BPDA-BAPP, PMDA-BAPP) with PI acid concentrations of 23%, 20%, 17% and 15%, and tested in temperatures of 20 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The results indicated that BPDA-BAPP film was good as a moisture sensitive film, whose average effective diffusion coefficient was 2.709 × 10-14 m2/s. The temperature of the environment had a significant effect on the humidity-sensitive properties, but the PI acid concentration effect could be indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenhe Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Gansu Institute of Architectural Design and Research CO., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Gansu Institute of Architectural Design and Research CO., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
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11
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Peng M, Zhang F, Tian L, You L, Wu J, Wen N, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Gan F, Yu H, Zhao J, Feng Q, Deng F, Zheng L, Wu Y, Yi N. Modified Fabrication of Perovskite-Based Composites and Its Exploration in Printable Humidity Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4354. [PMID: 36297932 PMCID: PMC9606918 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic perovskites are promising optoelectronic semiconductor materials with photoelectric applications. It is known that the luminescence of perovskites is highly sensitive to hydron molecules due to its low moisture resistance of crystal structure, indicating its potential application on humidity-sensing. Herein, a novel perovskite-based compound (PBC) with minimal defects was developed to promote the photoluminescence performance via optimization of the drying method and precursor constitutions. Perovskite materials with good structural integrity and enhanced fluorescence performance up to four times were obtained from supercritical drying. Moreover, the hydrophilic polymer matrix, polyethylene oxide (PEO), was added to obtain a composite of perovskite/PEO (PPC), introducing enhanced humidity sensitivity and solution processibility. These perovskite/PEO composites also exhibited long-term stability and manifold cycles of sensitivity to humidity owing to perovskite encapsulation by PEO. In addition, this precursor solution of perovskite-based composites could be fancily processed by multiple methods, including printing and handwriting, which demonstrates the potential and broaden the applications in architecture decoration, logos, trademarks, and double encryption of anti-fake combined with humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Peng
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Advanced Energy Storage Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liyong Tian
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Longbin You
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Nanhua Wen
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yancheng Wu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Feng Gan
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Qi Feng
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Fuqin Deng
- Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Longhui Zheng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yingzhu Wu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Ningbo Yi
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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12
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Akram R, Saleem M, Farooq Z, Yaseen M, Almohaimeed ZM, Zafar Q. Integrated Capacitive- and Resistive-Type Bimodal Relative Humidity Sensor Based on 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinatonickel(II) (TPPNi) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanocomposite. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30590-30600. [PMID: 36061702 PMCID: PMC9434763 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance humidity sensors to cater for a plethora of applications, ranging from agriculture to intelligent medical monitoring systems, calls for the selection of a reliable and ultrasensitive sensing material. A simplistic device architecture, robust quantification of ambient relative humidity (% RH), and compatibility with the contemporary integrated circuit technology make a bimodal (capacitive and resistive) surface-type sensor to be a prominent choice for device fabrication. Herein, we have proposed and demonstrated a facile realization of a 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatonickel (II)-zinc oxide (TPPNi-ZnO) nanocomposite-based bimodal surface-type % RH sensor. The TPPNi macromolecule and ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by an eco-benign microwave-assisted technique and a thermal-budget chemical precipitation method, respectively. It is speculated from the morpohological study that specific surface area improvement, via the provision of ZnO nanoparticles on micro-pyramidal structures of TPPNi, may reinforce the sensing properties of the fabricated humidity sensor. The relative humidity sensing capacitive and resistive characteristics of the sensor have been monitored in 40-85% relative humidity (% RH) bandwidth. The fabricated sensor under the biasing conditions of 1 V of applied bias (V rms) and 500 Hz AC test frequency exhibits a significantly higher sensitivity of 387.03 pF/% RH and 95.79 kΩ/% RH in bimodal operation. The average values of both the response and recovery times of the capacitive sensor have been estimated to be ∼30 s. It has also been debated why this high degree of sensitivity and considerable reduction in response/recovery time has been obtained. In addition, the intense and wide bandwidth spectral response of the TPPNi-ZnO nanocomposite indicates that it may also be utilized as a potential light-harvesting heterostructured nanohybrid in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Akram
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6677, Buraydah 51452, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department
of Physics, University of Management and
Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Farooq
- Department
of Physics, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ziyad M. Almohaimeed
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6677, Buraydah 51452, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Qayyum Zafar
- Department
of Physics, University of Management and
Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Kim HS, Kang JH, Hwang JY, Shin US. Wearable CNTs-based humidity sensors with high sensitivity and flexibility for real-time multiple respiratory monitoring. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:35. [PMID: 35913549 PMCID: PMC9343523 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sensors, such as optical, chemical, and electrical sensors, play an important role in our lives. While these sensors already have widespread applications, such as humidity sensors, most are generally incompatible with flexible/inactive substrates and rely on conventional hard materials and complex manufacturing processes. To overcome this, we develop a CNT-based, low-resistance, and flexible humidity sensor. The core-shell structured CNT@CPM is prepared with Chit and PAMAM to achieve reliability, accuracy, consistency, and durability, resulting in a highly sensitive humidity sensor. The average response/recovery time of optimized sensor is only less than 20 s, with high sensitivity, consistent responsiveness, good linearity according to humidity rates, and low hysteresis (- 0.29 to 0.30 %RH). Moreover, it is highly reliable for long-term (at least 1 month), repeated bending (over 15,000 times), and provides accurate humidity measurement results. We apply the sensor to smart-wear, such as masks, that could conduct multi-respiratory monitoring in real-time through automatic ventilation systems. Several multi-respiratory monitoring results demonstrate its high responsiveness (less than 1.2 s) and consistent performance, indicating highly desirable for healthcare monitoring. Finally, these automatic ventilation systems paired with flexible sensors and applied to smart-wear can not only provide comfort but also enable stable and accurate healthcare in all environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sem Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Hye Kang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency (KCARBON), Jeonju, 54853, South Korea
| | - Ueon Sang Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
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14
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Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on Multidimensional Titanium Dioxide/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Film. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121970. [PMID: 35745308 PMCID: PMC9230069 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A humidity sensor is a crucial device in daily life; therefore, in the present study, a novel humidity sensor was designed to increase its specific surface area to improve its humid sensing capacity and conductivity. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiNP) consisting of zero-dimensional nanospheres and one-dimensional nanotubes were prepared by anodic oxidation. Rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with average length and diameter of 60 nm and 800 nm, respectively, were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and high pressure homogenization. TiNP/CNC composite films exhibited superior hydrophilicity and large specific surface areas based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption results. The humidity sensing characteristics of sensors based on TiNP/CNC flexible composite films with varying contents of TiNP were investigated under a relative humidity range of 11–97%. The 6% TiNP/CNC-based humidity sensor exhibited high humidity response, rapid response/recovery speed, and high stability. Furthermore, the humidity sensing mechanism of TiNP/CNC composite films was analyzed based on the density functional theory. TiNP/CNC-based humidity sensors could be applied in flexible and wearable electronics.
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Abstract
Accurate detection and quantitative evaluation of environmental water in vapor and liquids state expressed as humidity and precipitation play key roles in industrial and scientific applications. However, the development of supporting tools and techniques remains a challenge. Although optical methods such as IR and LASER could detect environmental water in the air, their apparatus is relatively huge. Alternatively, solid detection field systems (SDFSs) could recently lead to a revolution in device downsizing and sensing abilities via advanced research, mainly for materials technology. Herein, we present an overview of several SDFS based sensing categories and their core materials mainly used to detect water in atmosphere, either in the vapor or liquid phase. We considered the governing mechanism in the detection process, such as adsorption/desorption, condensation/evaporation for the vapor phase, and surface attach/detach for the liquid phase. Sensing categories such as optical, chilled mirror, resistive, capacitive, gravimetric sensors were reviewed together with their designated tools such as acoustic wave, quartz crystal microbalance, IDT, and many others, giving typical examples of daily based real scientific applications.
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16
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Abstract
The continuously rising interest in chemical sensors’ applications in environmental monitoring, for soil analysis in particular, is owed to the sufficient sensitivity and selectivity of these analytical devices, their low costs, their simple measurement setups, and the possibility to perform online and in-field analyses with them. In this review the recent advances in chemical sensors for soil analysis are summarized. The working principles of chemical sensors involved in soil analysis; their benefits and drawbacks; and select applications of both the single selective sensors and multisensor systems for assessments of main plant nutrition components, pollutants, and other important soil parameters (pH, moisture content, salinity, exhaled gases, etc.) of the past two decades with a focus on the last 5 years (from 2017 to 2021) are overviewed.
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17
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Ternary Holey Carbon Nanohorns/TiO2/PVP Nanohybrids as Sensing Films for Resistive Humidity Sensors. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11091065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the relative humidity (RH) sensing response of a chemiresistive sensor, employing sensing layers based on a ternary nanohybrids comprised of holey carbon nanohorns (CNHox), titanium (IV) oxide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at 1/1/1/(T1), 2/1/1/(T2), and with 3/1/1 (T3) mass ratios. The sensing device is comprised of a silicon-based substrate, a SiO2 layer, and interdigitated transducer (IDT) electrodes. The sensitive layer was deposited via the drop-casting method on the sensing structure, followed by a two-step annealing process. The structure and composition of the sensing films were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resistance of the ternary nanohybrid-based sensing layer increases when H increases between 0% and 80%. A different behavior of the sensitive layers is registered when the humidity increases from 80% to 100%. Thus, the resistance of the T1 sensor slightly decreases with increasing humidity, while the resistance of sensors T2 and T3 register an increase in resistance with increasing humidity. The T2 and T3 sensors demonstrate a good linearity for the entire (0–100%) RH range, while for T1, the linear behavior is limited to the 0–80% range. Their overall room temperature response is comparable to a commercial humidity sensor, characterized by a good sensitivity, a rapid response, and fast recovery times. The functional role for each of the components of the ternary CNHox/TiO2/PVP nanohybrid is explained by considering issues such as their electronic properties, affinity for water molecules, and internal pore accessibility. The decreasing number of holes in the carbonaceous component at the interaction with water molecules, with the protonic conduction (Grotthus mechanism), and with swelling were analyzed to evaluate the sensing mechanism. The hard–soft acid-base (HSAB) theory also has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding the complex interaction of the ternary nanohybrid with moisture.
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18
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Kalyakin AS, Danilov NA, Volkov AN. Determining humidity of nitrogen and air atmospheres by means of a protonic ceramic sensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Chen Y, Fang F, Abbel R, Patel M, Parker K. Rapid Fabrication of Renewable Carbon Fibres by Plasma Arc Discharge and Their Humidity Sensing Properties. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051911. [PMID: 33803332 PMCID: PMC7967239 DOI: 10.3390/s21051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Submicron-sized carbon fibres have been attracting research interest due to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. However, the non-renewable resources and their complex fabrication processes limit the scalability and pose difficulties for the utilisation of these materials. Here, we investigate the use of plasma arc technology to convert renewable electrospun lignin fibres into a new kind of carbon fibre with a globular and porous microstructure. The influence of arc currents (up to 60 A) on the structural and morphological properties of as-prepared carbon fibres is discussed. Owing to the catalyst-free synthesis, high purity micro-structured carbon fibres with nanocrystalline graphitic domains are produced. Furthermore, the humidity sensing characteristics of the treated fibres at room temperature (23 °C) are demonstrated. Sensors produced from these carbon fibres exhibit good humidity response and repeatability in the range of 30% to 80% relative humidity (RH) and an excellent sensitivity (0.81/%RH) in the high RH regime (60–80%). These results demonstrate that the plasma arc technology has great potential for the development of sustainable, lignin-based carbon fibres for a broad range of application in electronics, sensors and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fang Fang
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand;
| | - Robert Abbel
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Meeta Patel
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Kate Parker
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
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20
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Bouhamed A, Rajendran D, Frenzel P, Zubkova T, Al-Hamry A, Miesel D, Kamatchi V, Ramalingame R, Bautista-Quijano JR, Lang H, Baumann RR, Kanoun O. Customizing hydrothermal properties of inkjet printed sensitive films by functionalization of carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:105708. [PMID: 33217748 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcc95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are attractive materials for realizing sensors, owing to their high aspect ratio associated with excellent mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Moreover, their sensing properties can be tuned by introducing functional groups on their framework and adjusting the processing conditions. In this paper, we investigate the potential of functionalized CNTs for humidity and temperature sensing by optimization of the functionalization, the processing conditions and the printing conditions. The morphology of the differently functionalized MWCNTs is investigated by infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG) and TG-coupled mass-spectrometric studies. Using the functionalized MWCNTs, films were fabricated with different numbers of layers (4, 6, 8, 10 layers) via inkjet printing on a flexible polyimide substrate containing an interdigital microelectrode. The influence of hydrothermal effects was investigated. The sensitivity to humidity is higher for films prepared with MWCNTs functionalized with a high sonication amplitude and a bigger number of layers due to enhancements of hydrophilicity and water mobility. A higher sensitivity to temperature is achieved by a low sonication amplitude and a small number of layers. For the encapsulation of the temperature sensor against humidity, a Bectron layer is proposed, which reduces also the hysteresis effect. This study demonstrates the efficiency of carboxylic functionalized MWCNTs deposit by inkjet printing for realization of sensitive and cost-effective humidity and temperature sensors. It provides a real example for the interesting contribution of functionalization procedures to the sensing properties of MWCNTs films.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouhamed
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - D Rajendran
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - P Frenzel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - T Zubkova
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - A Al-Hamry
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - D Miesel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - V Kamatchi
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - R Ramalingame
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - J R Bautista-Quijano
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - H Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - R R Baumann
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - O Kanoun
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chair of Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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21
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Liu C, Gu Y, Liu C, Liu S, Li X, Ma J, Ding M. Missing-Linker 2D Conductive Metal Organic Frameworks for Rapid Gas Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:429-438. [PMID: 33428382 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The structural diversity and tunability of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an ideal material platform for a variety of practical scenarios ranging from gas storage/separation to catalysis, yet their application in chemiresistive gas sensing is relatively lacking, due to the requirements of combined electrical conductivity and optimized gas adsorption properties. Here, we report an effective chemical sensing strategy based on missing-linker two-dimensional conductive MOF, with incorporated defects via a simple ligand oxidization method. The multiple hydroxyl defect sites in the conductive 2D missing-linker amorphous Ni-HAB (aNi-HAB) enable rapid adsorption and desorption of water molecules compared to crystalline Ni-HAB (cNi-HAB). As a result, the aNi-HAB sensory device shows good sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, fast response/recovery rate, and excellent stability, which can be further improved by Nafion functionalization. Theoretical investigations including transient current measurement, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and systematic performance evaluation of isostructural 2D aM-HAB (M = Cu, Fe, Co) MOF showed that unique transport mechanism and adsorption/activation energies originated from hydrogen bonding at defective sites are critical for enhanced humidity response, and further confirmed that defect engineering through missing linker incorporation is a general and effective approach to tune the sensing properties of conductive MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengtang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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22
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Bannov AG, Popov MV, Brester AE, Kurmashov PB. Recent Advances in Ammonia Gas Sensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:186. [PMID: 33673142 PMCID: PMC7918724 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper is devoted to an extended analysis of ammonia gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials. It provides a detailed comparison of various types of active materials used for the detection of ammonia, e.g., carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, and related materials. Different parameters that can affect the performance of chemiresistive gas sensors are discussed. The paper also gives a comparison of the sensing characteristics (response, response time, recovery time, operating temperature) of gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials. The results of our tests on ammonia gas sensors using various techniques are analyzed. The problems related to the recovery of sensors using various approaches are also considered. Finally, the impact of relative humidity on the sensing behavior of carbon nanomaterials of various different natures was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Bannov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
| | - Maxim V. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Brester
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
| | - Pavel B. Kurmashov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
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23
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Optimization of Cost-Effective and Reproducible Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236981. [PMID: 33297313 PMCID: PMC7730218 DOI: 10.3390/s20236981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this letter, we present the extension of a previous work on a cost-effective method for fabricating highly sensitive humidity sensors on flexible substrates with a reversible response, allowing precise monitoring of the humidity threshold. In that work we demonstrated the use of three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) film deposition based on the perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate linker, potassium as metallic center and the interspacing of silver interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) as humidity sensors. In this work, we study one of the most important issues in efficient and reproducible mass production, which is to optimize the most important processes' parameters in their fabrication, such as controlling the thickness of the sensor's layers. We demonstrate this method not only allows for the creation of humidity sensors, but it also is possible to change the humidity value that changes the actuator state.
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24
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Maddipatla D, Narakathu BB, Atashbar M. Recent Progress in Manufacturing Techniques of Printed and Flexible Sensors: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E199. [PMID: 33287324 PMCID: PMC7761663 DOI: 10.3390/bios10120199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an outlook on some of the significant research work done on printed and flexible sensors. Printed sensors fabricated on flexible platforms such as paper, plastic and textiles have been implemented for wearable applications in the biomedical, defense, food, and environmental industries. This review discusses the materials, characterization methods, and fabrication methods implemented for the development of the printed and flexible sensors. The applications, challenges faced and future opportunities for the printed and flexible sensors are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Maddipatla
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA; (B.B.N.); (M.A.)
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25
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Spanu D, Binda G, Dossi C, Monticelli D. Biochar as an alternative sustainable platform for sensing applications: A review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Piro B, Tran HV, Thu VT. Sensors Made of Natural Renewable Materials: Efficiency, Recyclability or Biodegradability-The Green Electronics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5898. [PMID: 33086552 PMCID: PMC7594081 DOI: 10.3390/s20205898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, sensor devices are developing fast. It is therefore critical, at a time when the availability and recyclability of materials are, along with acceptability from the consumers, among the most important criteria used by industrials before pushing a device to market, to review the most recent advances related to functional electronic materials, substrates or packaging materials with natural origins and/or presenting good recyclability. This review proposes, in the first section, passive materials used as substrates, supporting matrixes or packaging, whether organic or inorganic, then active materials such as conductors or semiconductors. The last section is dedicated to the review of pertinent sensors and devices integrated in sensors, along with their fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Piro
- ITODYS, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Hoang Vinh Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1st Dai Co Viet Road, 10000 Hanoi, Vietnam;
| | - Vu Thi Thu
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10000 Hanoi, Vietnam;
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27
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Liang R, Luo A, Zhang Z, Li Z, Han C, Wu W. Research Progress of Graphene-Based Flexible Humidity Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5601. [PMID: 33007834 PMCID: PMC7582584 DOI: 10.3390/s20195601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a new type of carbon material with a flexible, two-dimensional structure. Due to the excellent stability of its lattice structure and its mechanical flexibility, graphene-based materials can be applied in flexible humidity sensors. At present, the application of graphene-based flexible humidity sensors in the fields of medical care and environmental monitoring is attracting widespread attention. In this review, the basic properties of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as moisture-sensitive materials and methods for their preparation were introduced. Moreover, three methods for improving the performance of moisture-sensitive materials were discussed. The working principle of different types of graphene-based humidity sensors were introduced. The progress in the research on graphene-based flexible humidity sensors in four respects: Human respiration, skin moisture, human sweat, and environmental humidity were discussed. Finally, the future research, following the development trends and challenges, to develop the potential of integrated, graphene-based flexible humidity sensors were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Liang
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.H.)
- Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ansheng Luo
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.H.)
- Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenbang Zhang
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.H.)
- Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhantong Li
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.H.)
- Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chongyang Han
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.H.)
- Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.H.)
- Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou 510642, China
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28
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Mazhar S, Qarni AA, Haq YU, Haq ZU, Murtaza I, Ahmad N, Jabeen N, Amin S. Electrospun PVA/TiC Nanofibers for High Performance Capacitive Humidity Sensing. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Yasir M, Savi P. Dynamically Tunable Phase Shifter with Commercial Graphene Nanoplatelets. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060600. [PMID: 32575687 PMCID: PMC7345980 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In microwave frequency band the conductivity of graphene can be varied to design a number of tunable components. A tunable phase shifter based on commercial graphene nanoplatelets is introduced. The proposed configuration consists of a microstrip line with two stubs connected with a taper. On each side of the stubs there is a gap, short circuited through a via, where the commercial graphene nanoplatelets are drop casted. By applying a DC bias voltage that alters the graphene resistance the phase of the transmitted signal through the microstrip line can be varied. In order to maximize the phase shift of the transmitted signal and minimize the insertion loss, the length of the taper and the stubs are optimized by the help of circuit model and full-wave simulations. A prototype working at 4GHz is fabricated and measured. A phase variation of 33 degrees is acquired with an amplitude variation of less than 0.4 dB.
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30
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Serban BC, Buiu O, Dumbravescu N, Cobianu C, Avramescu V, Brezeanu M, Bumbac M, Pachiu C, Nicolescu CM. Oxidized Carbon Nanohorn-Hydrophilic Polymer Nanocomposite as the Resistive Sensing Layer for Relative Humidity. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1772805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Catalin Serban
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, IMT Bucharest, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Octavian Buiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, IMT Bucharest, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Nicolae Dumbravescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, IMT Bucharest, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Cornel Cobianu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, IMT Bucharest, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Viorel Avramescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, IMT Bucharest, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mihai Brezeanu
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and IT, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Bumbac
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Sciences and Advanced Technologies Department, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania
| | - Cristina Pachiu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, IMT Bucharest, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania
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An electrochemical sensor based on zirconia and calcium zirconate electrolytes for the inert gas humidity analysis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ansón-Casaos A, Ciria JC, Sanahuja-Parejo O, Víctor-Román S, González-Domínguez JM, García-Bordejé E, Benito AM, Maser WK. The viscosity of dilute carbon nanotube (1D) and graphene oxide (2D) nanofluids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11474-11484. [PMID: 32391541 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles in fluids directly impacts on their liquid phase processing and applications in nanofluidics, thermal engineering, biomedicine and printed electronics. In this work, the temperature dependent viscosity of various aqueous nanofluids containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene oxide (GO), i.e. 1D and 2D nanoparticles with extreme aspect ratios, is analyzed by empirical and predictive physical models. The focus is to understand how the nanoparticle shape, concentration, motion degrees and surface chemistry affect the viscosity of diluted dispersions. To this end, experimental results from capillary viscosimeters are first examined in terms of the energy of viscous flow and the maximum packing fraction applying the Maron-Pierce model. Next, a comparison of the experimental data with predictive physical models is carried out in terms of nanoparticle characteristics that affect the viscosity of the fluid, mostly their aspect ratio. The analysis of intrinsic viscosity data leads to a general understanding of motion modes for carbon nanoparticles, including those with extreme aspect ratios, in a flowing liquid. The resulting universal curve might be extended to the prediction of the viscosity for any kind of 1D and 2D nanoparticles in dilute suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ansón-Casaos
- Instituto de Carboquímica, ICB-CSIC, Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Tagliaferro A, Charitidis C. Editorial for the Special Issue on Carbon Based Electronic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10120856. [PMID: 31817661 PMCID: PMC6952990 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico Torino, Corso Ducadegli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Costas Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographou, Athens GR-15780, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (C.C.)
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