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Okamoto S, Nagai M, Shibata T, Ukita Y. Automatic microdispenser-integrated multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay device with autonomously driven centrifugal microfluidic system. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13827-13836. [PMID: 38681832 PMCID: PMC11047056 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we established the control and design theory of an autonomously driven dispenser at a steady rotation speed and proposed a dispenser-integrated multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) device. In establishing the theory of the dispenser, we estimated the flow rate in the dispenser and the applied pressure onto the passive valves, so that the suitable burst pressure of the valves and flow rate could be designed. The dispenser-integrated multiplex ELISA device has the potential to perform flow control for executing an ELISA of 6 samples/standards per chip or 18 samples/standards per compact disk by just steadily rotating a chip. In the immunoassay evaluation of the device using mouse IgG detection, it was confirmed that the device could assay 5 μL of several standards in just 30 min without nonspecific reactions, and although this system has a high limit of detection (LOD, 63.4-164 pg mL-1) it is equal to that of manual assay with a titer plate. The device can be fabricated by transferring the microchannel pattern from a mold without complex assembly or alignment, and it can control the liquid operation by just steadily rotating. Thus, the device system developed will contribute to reducing the cost of fabricating chips and control equipment for ELISA systems. Consequently, a compact, portable, and low-cost ELISA system for point-of-care testing is expected to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Okamoto
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Institute for Research on Next-generation Semiconductor and Sensing Science (IRES2) Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibata
- Toyohashi University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ukita
- University of Yamanashi, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research Japan
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2
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Microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115313. [PMID: 36868029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics enables the integration of whole protocols performed in a laboratory, including sample loading, reaction, extraction, and measurement steps on a single system, which offers significant advantages thanks to small-scale operation combined with precise fluid control. These include providing efficient transportation mechanisms and immobilization, reduced sample and reagent volumes, fast analysis and response times, lower power requirements, lower cost and disposability, improved portability and sensitivity, and greater integration and automation capability. Immunoassay is a specific bioanalytical method based on the interaction of antigens and antibodies, which is utilized to detect bacteria, viruses, proteins, and small molecules in several areas such as biopharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. Because of the advantages of both techniques, the combination of immunoassays and microfluidic technology is considered one of the most potential biosensor systems for blood samples. This review presents the current progress and important developments in microfluidic-based blood immunoassays. After providing several basic information about blood analysis, immunoassays, and microfluidics, the review points out in-depth information about microfluidic platforms, detection techniques, and commercial microfluidic blood immunoassay platforms. In conclusion, some thoughts and future perspectives are provided.
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3
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Martinez-Duarte R, Mager D, Korvink JG, Islam M. Evaluating carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis under the ASSURED criteria. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:922737. [PMID: 35958120 PMCID: PMC9360481 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.922737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme point-of-care refers to medical testing in unfavorable conditions characterized by a lack of primary resources or infrastructure. As witnessed in the recent past, considerable interest in developing devices and technologies exists for extreme point-of-care applications, for which the World Health Organization has introduced a set of encouraging and regulating guidelines. These are referred to as the ASSURED criteria, an acronym for Affordable (A), Sensitive (S), Specific (S), User friendly (U), Rapid and Robust (R), Equipment-free (E), and Delivered (D). However, the current extreme point of care devices may require an intermediate sample preparation step for performing complex biomedical analysis, including the diagnosis of rare-cell diseases and early-stage detection of sepsis. This article assesses the potential of carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis (CarbonDEP) for sample preparation competent in extreme point-of-care, following the ASSURED criteria. We first discuss the theory and utility of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and the advantages of using carbon microelectrodes for this purpose. We then critically review the literature relevant to the use of CarbonDEP for bioparticle manipulation under the scope of the ASSURED criteria. Lastly, we offer a perspective on the roadmap needed to strengthen the use of CarbonDEP in extreme point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan G. Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Jan G. Korvink
| | - Monsur Islam
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Monsur Islam
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Laha S, Bandopadhyay A, Chakraborty S. Smartphone-Integrated Label-Free Rapid Screening of Anemia from the Pattern Formed by One Drop of Blood on a Wet Paper Strip. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2028-2036. [PMID: 35802863 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening of anemic patients poses demanding challenges in extreme point-of-care settings where the gold standard diagnostic technologies are not pragmatic and the alternative point-of-care technologies suffer from compromised accuracy, prohibitive cost, process complexity, or reagent stability issues. As a disruption to this paradigm, here, we report the development of a smartphone-based sensor for rapid screening of anemic patients by exploiting the patterns formed by a spreading drop of blood on a wet paper strip wherein blood attempts to displace a more viscous fluid, on the porous matrix of a paper, leading to "finger-like" projections at the interface. We analyze the topological features of the pattern via smartphone-enabled image analytics and map the same with the relative occupancy of the red blood cells in the blood sample, allowing for label-free screening and classification of blood samples corresponding to moderate to severe anemic conditions. The accuracy of detection is verified by comparing with gold standard reports of hematology analyzer, showing a strong correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.975. This technique is likely to provide a crucial decision-making tool that obviates delicate reagents and skilled technicians for supreme functionality in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampad Laha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Bandopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Chattopadhyay S, Ram R, Sarkar A, Dutta G, Chakraborty S. Reagent-free hemoglobin estimation on a spinning disc. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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A simple magnetic-assisted microfluidic method for rapid detection and phenotypic characterization of ultralow concentrations of bacteria. Talanta 2021; 230:122291. [PMID: 33934763 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and enumeration of bacteria at ultralow concentrations and antibiotic resistance profiling are of great importance for early diagnosis and treatment of bacteremia. In this work, we describe a simple, rapid, and versatile magnetic-assisted microfluidic method for rapid bacterial detection. The developed method enables magnetophoretic loading of bead-captured bacteria into the microfluidic chamber under external static and dynamic magnetic fields in 4 min. A shallow microfluidic chamber design that enables the monolayer orientation and transportation of the beads and a glass substrate with a thickness of 0.17 mm was utilized to allow high-resolution fluorescence imaging for quantitative detection. Escherichia coli (E. coli) with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing gene and streptavidin-modified superparamagnetic microbeads were used as model bacteria and capturing beads, respectively. The specificity of the method was validated using Lactobacillus gasseri as a negative control group. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values were determined as 2 CFU/ml and 10 CFU/ml of E. coli, respectively. The magnetic-assisted microfluidic method is a versatile tool for the detection of ultralow concentrations of viable bacteria with the linear range of 5-5000 CFU/ml E. coli in 1 h, and providing growth curves and phenotypic characterization bead-captured E. coli in the following 5 h of incubation. Our results are promising for future rapid and sensitive antibiotic susceptibility testing of ultralow numbers of viable cells.
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Enhancement of Fluid Mixing with U-Shaped Channels on a Rotating Disc. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121110. [PMID: 33334076 PMCID: PMC7765561 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, centrifugal microfluidics with a simple geometry of U-shaped structure was designed, fabricated and analyzed to attain rapid and efficient fluid mixing. Visualization experiments together with numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the mixing behavior for the microfluidics with single, double and triple U-shaped structures, where each of the U-structures consisted of four consecutive 90° bends. It is found that the U-shaped structure markedly enhances mixing by transverse secondary flow that is originated from the Coriolis-induced vortices and further intensified by the Dean force generated as the stream turns along the 90° bends. The secondary flow becomes stronger with increasing rotational speed and with more U-shaped structures, hence higher mixing performance. The mixing efficiency measured for the three types of mixers shows a sharp increase with increasing rotational speed in the lower range. As the rotational speed further increases, nearly complete mixing can be achieved at 600 rpm for the triple-U mixer and at 720 rpm for the double-U mixer, while a maximum efficiency level of 83-86% is reached for the single-U mixer. The simulation results that reveal detailed characteristics of the flow and concentration fields are in good agreement with the experiments.
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Abstract
Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) biosensors are increasingly a promising solution for many biosensing applications. In the search for a perfect match between point-of-care (PoC) microfluidic devices and biosensors, the LoaD platform has the potential to be reliable, sensitive, low-cost, and easy-to-use. The present global pandemic draws attention to the importance of rapid sample-to-answer PoC devices for minimising manual intervention and sample manipulation, thus increasing the safety of the health professional while minimising the chances of sample contamination. A biosensor is defined by its ability to measure an analyte by converting a biological binding event to tangible analytical data. With evolving manufacturing processes for both LoaDs and biosensors, it is becoming more feasible to embed biosensors within the platform and/or to pair the microfluidic cartridges with low-cost detection systems. This review considers the basics of the centrifugal microfluidics and describes recent developments in common biosensing methods and novel technologies for fluidic control and automation. Finally, an overview of current devices on the market is provided. This review will guide scientists who want to initiate research in LoaD PoC devices as well as providing valuable reference material to researchers active in the field.
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Imran JH, Kim JK. A Nut-and-Bolt Microfluidic Mixing System for the Rapid Labeling of Immune Cells with Antibodies. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030280. [PMID: 32182878 PMCID: PMC7142707 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A nut-and-bolt microfluidic system was previously developed for a point-of-care (POC) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test and was able to acquire images of CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) + T-lymphocytes in a sample drop of blood followed by image analysis. However, as the system was not fully integrated with a sample reaction module, the mixing of the sample with the antibody reagent was carried out manually. To achieve a rapid reaction with a reduced amount of costly reagent in a POC diagnostic system, an efficient sample mixing function must be implemented. Here, we propose a novel method to drastically accelerate the process of sample mixing and increase the reaction rate in the nut-and-bolt microfluidic system, where the sample is mixed with the reagent in a reaction chamber formed by connecting a nut with a bolt-like sample cartridge. The mixing is facilitated by rotating the sample cartridge bidirectionally using a DC motor, which agitates the sample in a chaotic manner. A microbead complex formed by the avidin–biotin interaction was used as a model reaction system to examine the feasibility of our mixing module. We found that the reaction time for the avidin–biotin binding by mixing was 7.5 times shorter than in the incubation method, achieving a reaction efficiency of over 95%. The performance of our mixing system was further demonstrated by measuring the concentration of CD4 cells labeled with a fluorescent antibody in the blood sample. The antigen–antibody reaction mixing was faster by a factor of 20, reaching a reaction efficiency comparable to the conventional incubation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakir Hossain Imran
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Jung Kyung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Integrative Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-910-4767
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Ahmed H, Ramesan S, Lee L, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. On-Chip Generation of Vortical Flows for Microfluidic Centrifugation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903605. [PMID: 31535785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcentrifugation constitutes an important part of the microfluidic toolkit in a similar way that centrifugation is crucial to many macroscopic procedures, given that micromixing, sample preconcentration, particle separation, component fractionation, and cell agglomeration are essential operations in small scale processes. Yet, the dominance of capillary and viscous effects, which typically tend to retard flow, over inertial and gravitational forces, which are often useful for actuating flows and hence centrifugation, at microscopic scales makes it difficult to generate rotational flows at these dimensions, let alone with sufficient vorticity to support efficient mixing, separation, concentration, or aggregation. Herein, the various technologies-both passive and active-that have been developed to date for vortex generation in microfluidic devices are reviewed. Various advantages or limitations associated with each are outlined, in addition to highlighting the challenges that need to be overcome for their incorporation into integrated microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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11
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Sciuto EL, Petralia S, Calabrese G, Conoci S. An integrated biosensor platform for extraction and detection of nucleic acids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1554-1561. [PMID: 31997343 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of portable systems for analysis of nucleic acids (NAs) is crucial for the evolution of biosensing in the context of future healthcare technologies. The integration of NA extraction, purification, and detection modules, properly actuated by microfluidics technologies, is a key point for the development of portable diagnostic systems. In this paper, we describe an integrated biosensor platform based on a silicon-plastic hybrid lab-on-disk technology capable of managing NA extraction, purification, and detection processes in an integrated format. The sample preparation process is performed by solid-phase extraction technology using magnetic beads on a plastic disk, while detection is done through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on a miniaturized silicon device. The movement of sample and reagents is actuated by a centrifugal force induced by a disk actuator instrument. The assessment of the NA extraction and detection performance has been carried out by using hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA genome as a biological target. The quantification of the qRT-PCR chip in the hybrid disk showed an improvement in sensitivity with respect to the qRT-PCR commercial platforms, which means an optimization of time and cost. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values of about 8 cps/reaction and 26 cps/reaction, respectively, were found by using analytical samples (synthetic clone), while the results with real samples (serum with spiked HBV genome) indicate that the system performs as well as the standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- STMicroelectronics, Catania, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Al-Halhouli A, Doofesh Z, Albagdady A, Dietzel A. High-Efficiency Small Sample Microparticle Fractionation on a Femtosecond Laser-Machined Microfluidic Disc. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E151. [PMID: 32019235 PMCID: PMC7074639 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and testing of microfluidic spinning compact discs with embedded trapezoidal microchambers for the purpose of inertial microparticle focusing is reported in this article. Microparticle focusing channels require small features that cannot be easily fabricated in acrylic sheets and are complicated to realize in glass by traditional lithography techniques; therefore, the fabrication of microfluidic discs with femtosecond laser ablation is reported for the first time in this paper. It could be demonstrated that high-efficiency inertial focusing of 5 and 10 µm particles is achieved in a channel with trapezoidal microchambers regardless of the direction of disc rotation, which correlates to the dominance of inertial forces over Coriolis forces. To achieve the highest throughput possible, the suspension concentration was increased from 0.001% (w/v) to 0.005% (w/v). The focusing efficiency was 98.7% for the 10 µm particles and 93.75% for the 5 µm particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala’aldeen Al-Halhouli
- NanoLab, School of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University (GJU), Amman 11180, Jordan (Z.D.); (A.A.)
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Zaid Doofesh
- NanoLab, School of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University (GJU), Amman 11180, Jordan (Z.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Albagdady
- NanoLab, School of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University (GJU), Amman 11180, Jordan (Z.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Khodadadi M, Chang L, Trabuco JRC, Vu BV, Kourentzi K, Willson RC, Litvinov D. PCB-Based Magnetometer as a Platform for Quantification of Lateral-Flow Assays. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5433. [PMID: 31835468 PMCID: PMC6960494 DOI: 10.3390/s19245433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a proof-of-concept demonstration of a novel inductive transducer, the femtoMag, that can be integrated with a lateral-flow assay (LFA) to provide detection and quantification of molecular biomarkers. The femtoMag transducer is manufactured using a low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) technology and can be controlled by relatively inexpensive electronics. It allows rapid high-precision quantification of the number (or amount) of superparamagnetic nanoparticle reporters along the length of an LFA test strip. It has a detection limit of 10-10 emu, which is equivalent to detecting 4 ng of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The femtoMag was used to quantify the hCG pregnancy hormone by quantifying the number of 200 nm magnetic reporters (superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded into a polymer matrix) immuno-captured within the test line of the LFA strip. A sensitivity of 100 pg/mL has been demonstrated. Upon further design and control electronics improvements, the sensitivity is projected to be better than 10 pg/mL. Analysis suggests that an average of 109 hCG molecules are needed to specifically bind 107 nanoparticles in the test line. The ratio of the number of hCG molecules in the sample to the number of reporters in the test line increases monotonically from 20 to 500 as the hCG concentration increases from 0.1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. The low-cost easy-to-use femtoMag platform offers high-sensitivity/high-precision target analyte quantification and promises to bring state-of-the-art medical diagnostic tests to the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khodadadi
- Center for Integrated Bio & Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.C.); (R.C.W.); (D.L.)
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Long Chang
- Center for Integrated Bio & Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.C.); (R.C.W.); (D.L.)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - João R. C. Trabuco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (J.R.C.T.); (B.V.V.); (K.K.)
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Binh V. Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (J.R.C.T.); (B.V.V.); (K.K.)
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (J.R.C.T.); (B.V.V.); (K.K.)
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Center for Integrated Bio & Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.C.); (R.C.W.); (D.L.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (J.R.C.T.); (B.V.V.); (K.K.)
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Dmitri Litvinov
- Center for Integrated Bio & Nano Systems, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.C.); (R.C.W.); (D.L.)
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (J.R.C.T.); (B.V.V.); (K.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Momtahen S, Taajobian M, Jahanian A. Drug Discovery Applications: A Customized Digital Microfluidic Biochip Architecture/CAD Flow. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2927773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Chen H, Li Z, Zhang L, Sawaya P, Shi J, Wang P. Quantitation of Femtomolar-Level Protein Biomarkers Using a Simple Microbubbling Digital Assay and Bright-Field Smartphone Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13922-13928. [PMID: 31344297 PMCID: PMC7211056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitating ultra-low concentrations of protein biomarkers is critical for early disease diagnosis and treatment. However, most current point-of-care (POC) assays are limited in sensitivity. Herein, we introduce an ultra-sensitive and facile microbubbling assay for the quantification of protein biomarkers with a digital-readout method that requires only a smartphone camera. We used machine learning to develop a smartphone application for automated image analysis to facilitate accurate and robust counting. Using this method, post-prostatectomy surveillance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) can be achieved with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.1 fm (0.060 pg mL-1 ), and early pregnancy detection using βhCG can be achieved with a of 0.034 mIU mL-1 (2.84 pg mL-1 ). This work provides the proof-of-principle of the microbubbling assay with a digital readout as an ultra-sensitive technology with minimal requirement for power and accessories, facilitating future POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Philippe Sawaya
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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16
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Nguyen HV, Nguyen VD, Nguyen HQ, Chau THT, Lee EY, Seo TS. Nucleic acid diagnostics on the total integrated lab-on-a-disc for point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chen H, Li Z, Zhang L, Sawaya P, Shi J, Wang P. Quantitation of Femtomolar‐Level Protein Biomarkers Using a Simple Microbubbling Digital Assay and Bright‐Field Smartphone Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Philippe Sawaya
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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Bauer M, Bartoli J, Martinez-Chapa SO, Madou M. Wireless Electrochemical Detection on a Microfluidic Compact Disc (CD) and Evaluation of Redox-Amplification during Flow. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10010031. [PMID: 30621031 PMCID: PMC6357103 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel biomarkers and lower limits of detection enable improved diagnostics. In this paper we analyze the influence of flow on the lower limit of electrochemical detection on a microfluidic Compact Disc (CD). Implementing wireless transfer of data reduces noise during measurements and allows for real time sensing, demonstrated with the ferri-ferroyanide redox-couple in single and dual mode cyclic voltammetry. The impact of flow on redox-amplification and electrode integration for the lowest limit of detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bauer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jaume Bartoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | | | - Marc Madou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Vorauer-Uhl K, Lhota G. Quantification of Recombinant Products in Yeast. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1923:385-428. [PMID: 30737753 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9024-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of various proteins expressed in yeast can be performed by different methods. In this respect, classical as well as advanced techniques can be applied, where the analysis of crude supernatants is of special interest in screening but also manufacturing.The following chapter addresses the analytical background of the introduced methods followed by specific recommendations for the quantification of different products of industrial interest. The method portfolio includes electrophoresis, chromatography, and ELISA as classical techniques, but also biosensor-based, microfluidic and automated, miniaturized methods are introduced. Furthermore, individual strengths and perceived limitations are summarized.Although prominent examples are described, it should be noted that individual modifications are required according to host and cultivation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gabriele Lhota
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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20
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Svalova TS, Malysheva NN, Kozitsina AN. Structure of the receptor layer in electrochemical immunosensors. Modern trends and prospects of development. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Reporter Gene Assays in Ecotoxicology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 157:135-157. [PMID: 27928578 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for simple and rapid means for evaluating the potential toxic effects of environmental samples has prompted the development of reporter gene assays, based on tester cells (bioreporters) genetically engineered to report on sample toxicity by producing a readily quantifiable signal. Bacteria are especially suitable to serve as bioreporters owing to their fast responses, low cost, convenient preservation, ease of handling, and amenability to genetic manipulations. Various bacterial bioreporters have been introduced for general toxicity and genotoxicity assessment, and the monitoring of endocrine disrupting and dioxin-like compounds has been mostly covered by similarly engineered eukaryotic cells. Some reporter gene assays have been validated, standardized, and accredited, and many others are under constant development. Efforts are aimed at broadening detection spectra, lowering detection thresholds, and combining toxicity identification capabilities with characterization of the toxic effects. Taking advantage of bacterial robustness, attempts are also being made to incorporate bacterial bioreporters into field instrumentation for online continuous monitoring or on-site spot checks. However, key hurdles concerning test validation, cell preservation, and regulatory issues related to the use of genetically modified organisms still remain to be overcome.
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22
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Honeychurch KC. Cheap and disposable gold and silver electrodes: Trends in the application of compact discs and digital versatile discs for electroanalytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Delgado SMT, Kinahan DJ, Sandoval FS, Julius LAN, Kilcawley NA, Ducrée J, Mager D. Fully automated chemiluminescence detection using an electrified-Lab-on-a-Disc (eLoaD) platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4002-4011. [PMID: 27713985 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00973e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Typical Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) platforms cannot make a continuous measurement while the disc is spinning; this drawback means that the disc usually must be stopped and aligned with a sensor. This can result in measurement errors in time-dependent assays along with inaccuracies due to liquid displacement and bubble formation in the absence of a stabilising centrifugal field. This paper presents a novel concept for a wirelessly electrified-Lab-on-a-Disc (eLoaD) platform that allows continuous measurement of experimental parameters while the disc is spinning. This platform incorporates all the components needed for measurement within the rotating frame of reference, and bidirectional transmission of data outside this reference frame, thus allowing for online measurement independent of the rotation of the disc. The eLoaD platform is conceived in a modular manner whereby an interchangeable and non-disposable 'Application Disc' can be fitted to the eLoaD platform and so the system can be adapted for a range of optical, electrochemical and other measurement types. As an application example, optical readout, using the Application Disc fitted with a silicon photomultiplier, is demonstrated using a tagged chemiluminescent antibody, which is commonly used, for instance, in ELISA assays. The precision of the eLoaD platform is >94%, while its accuracy, when compared to a commercial benchtop luminometer, is higher than 96%. The modular design of this platform will permit extension of this technology to many other LoaD applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí M Torres Delgado
- Laboratory for Simulation, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau 79110, Germany.
| | - David J Kinahan
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Fralett Suárez Sandoval
- Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, Freiburg im Breisgau 79110, Germany
| | | | - Niamh A Kilcawley
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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Rapid, Portable, Multiplexed Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from Clinical Sample Matrices. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6040049. [PMID: 27669320 PMCID: PMC5192369 DOI: 10.3390/bios6040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enteric and diarrheal diseases are a major cause of childhood illness and death in countries with developing economies. Each year, more than half of a million children under the age of five die from these diseases. We have developed a portable, microfluidic platform capable of simultaneous, multiplexed detection of several of the bacterial pathogens that cause these diseases. This platform can perform fast, sensitive immunoassays directly from relevant, complex clinical matrices such as stool without extensive sample cleanup or preparation. Using only 1 µL of sample per assay, we demonstrate simultaneous multiplexed detection of four bacterial pathogens implicated in diarrheal and enteric diseases in less than 20 min.
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