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Sharma MK, Kim WK. Coccidiosis in Egg-Laying Hens and Potential Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Performance, Gut Health, and Immune Response. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1015. [PMID: 38612254 PMCID: PMC11010854 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis, despite advancements in management, nutrition, genetics, and immunology, still remains the most impactful disease, imposing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Coccidiosis may strike any avian species, and it may be mild to severe, depending on the pathogenicity of Eimeria spp. and the number of oocysts ingested by the bird. Unlike broilers, low emphasis has been given to laying hens. Coccidiosis in laying hens damages the gastrointestinal tract and causes physiological changes, including oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and inflammatory changes, leading to reduced feed intake and a drastic drop in egg production. Several countries around the world have large numbers of hens raised in cage-free/free-range facilities, and coccidiosis has already become one of the many problems that producers have to face in the future. However, limited research has been conducted on egg-laying hens, and our understanding of the physiological changes following coccidiosis in hens relies heavily on studies conducted on broilers. The aim of this review is to summarize the effect of coccidiosis in laying hens to an extent and correlate it with the physiological changes that occur in broilers following coccidiosis. Additionally, this review tries to explore the nutritional strategies successfully used in broilers to mitigate the negative effects of coccidiosis in improving the gut health and performance of broilers and if they can be used in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Yu C, Huang J, Tian W, Huai Y, Zheng S, Wang H, Chen J, Chen H, Bo R, Li J, Liu M. Therapeutic effect of a self-made herbal formula on a multi-drug resistant Eimeria tenella isolate infection in broiler chickens. Vet Parasitol 2023; 324:110057. [PMID: 37918037 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In-feed prophylactic chemotherapy is widely considered the mainstay of avian coccidiosis control, while serious drug resistance strictly restricts its application. Confronted with the urgent need for an alternative strategy, a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) was developed. Meanwhile, its potential to iron out complicated clinical coccidiosis was scrutinized in vivo with a field-isolated multi-drug resistant Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) isolate. Birds were inoculated with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts and administrated with TCMF supplementation in water from 72 h post-infection to the end of the experiment, diclazuril (DIC) was set as a positive control. As a result, TCMF intervention reduced oocyst shedding, cecal lesion and mortality, and enhanced body weight gain. According to the above, anticoccidial index (ACI) was calculated and TCMF exerted a moderate anticoccidial activity. Besides, macroscopic, histopathological, and ultrastructural observations revealed the safeguarding effects of TCMF on E. tenella-induced cecal injury. Following, TCMF treatment presented an obvious inhibition effect on E. tenella caused oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Moreover, TCMF supplementation restored the cecal flora abundance and diversity, reduced the colonization of harmful bacteria, and increased the probiotics abundance. In conclusion, TCMF exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect along with alleviating E. tenella-induced cecal injury, redox imbalance, and inflammatory response which may be associated with the microflora modulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Junjie Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wei Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yuying Huai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Shumei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Huimin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Heidarpanah S, Thibodeau A, Parreira VR, Quessy S, Segura M, Gottschalk M, Gaudreau A, Juette T, Gaucher ML. Evaluation of the Immunoprotective Capacity of Five Vaccine Candidate Proteins against Avian Necrotic Enteritis and Impact on the Caecal Microbiota of Vaccinated Birds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3323. [PMID: 37958078 PMCID: PMC10650611 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian necrotic enteritis is an enteric disease of broiler chickens caused by certain pathogenic strains of Clostridium perfringens in combination with predisposing factors. A vaccine offering complete protection against the disease has not yet been commercialized. In a previous study, we produced five recombinant proteins predicted to be surface-exposed and unique to necrotic enteritis-causing C. perfringens and the immunogenicity of these potential vaccine candidates was assessed in broiler chickens. In the current work, the relative contribution of the antibodies raised by these putative antigens to protect broiler chickens was evaluated using an experimental necrotic enteritis induction model. Additionally, the link between the immune response elicited and the gut microbiota profiles in immunized birds subjected to infection with virulent C. perfringens was studied. The ELISA results showed that the IgY antibody titers in vaccinated birds on days 21 and 33 were significantly higher than those on days 7 and 14 and those in birds receiving the adjuvant alone, while the relative contribution of the specific immunity attributed to these antibodies could not be precisely determined using this experimental necrotic enteritis induction model. In addition, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that immunization of birds with recombinant proteins had a low impact on the chicken caecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Heidarpanah
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Valeria R. Parreira
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety (CRIFS), Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Annie Gaudreau
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Tristan Juette
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.H.); (A.T.); (S.Q.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Casto-Rebollo C, Diretto G, Frusciante S, Rodríguez JC, Ventero MP, Molina-Pardines C, Vega S, Marin C, Marco-Jiménez F. Modulation of Caecal Microbiota and Metabolome Profile in Salmonella-Infected Broilers by Phage Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15201. [PMID: 37894882 PMCID: PMC10607084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is considered one of the most promising tools to control zoonotic bacteria, such as Salmonella, in broiler production. Phages exhibit high specificity for their targeted bacterial hosts, causing minimal disruption to the niche microbiota. However, data on the gut environment's response to phage therapy in poultry are limited. This study investigated the influence of Salmonella phage on host physiology through caecal microbiota and metabolome modulation using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an untargeted metabolomics approach. We employed 24 caecum content samples and 24 blood serum samples from 4-, 5- and 6-week-old broilers from a previous study where Salmonella phages were administered via feed in Salmonella-infected broilers, which were individually weighed weekly. Phage therapy did not affect the alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota. Specifically, we observed changes in the relative abundance of 14 out of the 110 genera using the PLS-DA and Bayes approaches. On the other hand, we noted changes in the caecal metabolites (63 up-accumulated and 37 down-accumulated out of the 1113 caecal metabolites). Nevertheless, the minimal changes in blood serum suggest a non-significant physiological response. The application of Salmonella phages under production conditions modulates the caecal microbiome and metabolome profiles in broilers without impacting the host physiology in terms of growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Microbiology Division, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - María-Paz Ventero
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.-P.V.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Carmen Molina-Pardines
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.-P.V.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Santiago Vega
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Song HY, Deng ML, Yang JF, Ma J, Shu FF, Cheng WJ, Zhu XQ, Zou FC, He JJ. Transcriptomic, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and network pharmacology analyses shed light on the anticoccidial mechanism of green tea polyphenols against Eimeria tenella infection in Wuliangshan black-boned chickens. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:330. [PMID: 37726789 PMCID: PMC10510215 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan that invades the chicken cecum and causes coccidiosis, which induces acute lesions and weight loss. Elucidating the anticoccidial mechanism of action of green tea polyphenols could aid the development of anticoccidial drugs and resolve the problem of drug resistance in E. tenella. METHODS We constructed a model of E. tenella infection in Wuliangshan black-boned chickens, an indigenous breed of Yunnan Province, China, to study the efficacy of green tea polyphenols against the infection. Alterations in gene expression and in the microbial flora in the cecum were analyzed by ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the host gene expression data obtained by RNA sequencing. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to clarify the interactions between the component green tea polyphenols and the targeted proteins; potential anticoccidial herbs were also analyzed. RESULTS Treatment with the green tea polyphenols led to a reduction in the lesion score and weight loss of the chickens induced by E. tenella infection. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), MMP1, nitric oxide synthase 2 and ephrin type-A receptor 2 was significantly altered in the E. tenella infection plus green tea polyphenol-treated group and in the E. tenella infection group compared with the control group; these genes were also predicted targets of tea polyphenols. Furthermore, the tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate acted on most of the targets, and the molecular docking analysis showed that it has good affinity with interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 protein. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that the green tea polyphenols had a regulatory effect on changes in the fecal microbiota induced by E. tenella infection. In total, 171 herbs were predicted to act on two or three targets in MMP7, MMP1, nitric oxide synthase 2 and ephrin type-A receptor 2. CONCLUSIONS Green tea polyphenols can directly or indirectly regulate host gene expression and alter the growth of microbiota. The results presented here shed light on the mechanism of action of green tea polyphenols against E. tenella infection in chickens, and have implications for the development of novel anticoccidial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Song
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ling Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fa Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Fan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Cheng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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Lin Y, Lourenco JM, Olukosi OA. The effects of protease, xylanase, and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, short-chain fatty acids, and microbiota in Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens fed low-protein diet. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102789. [PMID: 37354614 PMCID: PMC10404748 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 392 Cobb 500 off-sex male broiler chicks were used in a 21-day experiment to study the effect of protease, xylanase, and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on improving growth performance, nutrient utilization (ileal digestibility and total tract retention), gene expression of nutrient transporters, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and microbiota profile of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Chicks at 0-day old were allocated to 8 treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement: 1) corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme (Con); 2) Con plus 0.2 g/kg protease alone (PRO); 3) Con plus 0.2 g/kg protease combined with 0.1 g/kg xylanase (PRO + XYL); or 4) Con plus 0.5 g/kg xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS); with or without Eimeria challenge. The 4 diets were formulated to be marginally low in crude protein (183 g/kg). Challenged groups were inoculated with a solution containing E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella oocysts on d 15. Eimeria depressed (P < 0.01) growth performance and nutrient utilization. Supplemental protease improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake in the prechallenge phase (d 0-15) but had no effect during the infection period (d 15-21). There was no interaction between infection and feed supplementation for nutrient utilization. The supplementations of either PRO or XOS alone increased (P < 0.01) total tract retention of Ca and tended (P < 0.1) to improve total tract retention of N, P, AME, and AMEn. Eimeria decreased (P < 0.05) expressions of GLUT2, GLUT5, PepT1, ATP2B1, CaSR, Calbidin D28K, NPT2, and ZnT1 but increased (P < 0.01) expression of GLUT1. XOS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) ATP2B1 expression. Protease decreased (P < 0.05) isobutyrate concentration in unchallenged treatments but not in challenged treatments. Eimeria decreased (P < 0.01) cecal saccharolytic SCFAs acetate and propionate but increased (P < 0.01) branched-chain fatty acid isovalerate. The supplementation of PRO + XYL or XOS increased (P < 0.05) cecal butyrate or decreased cecal isobutyrate concentrations, respectively. PRO + XYL and XOS decreased cecal protein levels in unchallenged birds but not challenged ones. Eimeria challenge significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the microbial richness (Observed features) and diversity (Shannon index and phylogenetic diversity) and changed the microbial composition by reducing the abundance of certain bacteria, such as Ruminococcus torques, and increasing the abundance of others, such as Anaerostipes. In contrast, none of the additives had any significant effect on the cecal microbial composition. In conclusion, PRO or XOS supplementation individually improved nutrient utilization. All the additives decreased the cecal content of branched-chain fatty acids, consistent with decreased cecal N concentration, although the effects were more pronounced in unchallenged birds. In addition, none of the feed additives impacted the Eimeria-induced microbial perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jeferson M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Ayyash M, Liu SQ. Special Issue "Probiotics, Prebiotics and Functional Foods: Health Benefits and Biosafety". Microorganisms 2023; 11:1218. [PMID: 37317192 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and functional foods are buzzwords in the food industry for good reasons [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Ren S, Guo L, Chen Z, Hrabchenko N, Wu J, Yu J. Mechanisms and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36740713 PMCID: PMC9901120 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can improve animal health by regulating intestinal flora balance, improving the structure of the intestinal mucosa, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. At present, the use of probiotics has been a research hotspot in prevention and treatment of different diseases at home and abroad. This review has summarized the researchers and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases, and elaborated the relevant mechanisms of probiotics, which aims to provide a reference for probiotics better applications to the prevention and treatment of swine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Fei Liu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Hao Zeng
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Sufang Ren
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Lihui Guo
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China ,grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Jiang Yu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
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Yan A, Ding H, Liu J, Bi C, Han Z, Wang Z, Nawaz S, Shen Y, Liu S. Black Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates LPS-induced intestine damage via regulation gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1080922. [PMID: 36741888 PMCID: PMC9893023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarums are traditionally used as a homology of medicinal plants in China with a potent role in metabolism and immunomodulation. The current study was performed to explore the attenuation effect and microbiota regulation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (BLBP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestine damage in mice. A total of 70 mice were randomly divided into five groups; negative control (GA), LPS (GB), both treated with an equal volume of normal saline, and BLBP treatment groups GC (100 mg/kg), GD (200 mg/kg), and GE (400 mg/kg) via gavage for 19 days. On Day 19, mice in groups GB, GC, GD, and GE were treated with 10 mg/kg LPS for 24 h and euthanized to collect intestine samples for pathological examination and microbiota sequencing. The results showed a non-significant difference in body weight gain among the five mouse groups; however, mice in the GC and GE groups showed decreased weight gain. An H&E examination revealed that the integrity of intestinal villi was destroyed by LPS, while BLBP supplement alleviated intestinal damage with an increase in villus height and a decrease in crypt depth. A total of over 59,000, 40,000, 50,000, 45,000, and 55,000 raw sequences were found in groups GA, GB, GC, GD, and GE, respectively. LPS challenge decreased alpha diversity indexes significantly (p < 0.05), while a non-significant difference was found between different BLBP treatment groups and the GA group. A total of 8 phyla and 13 genera were found among five mouse groups, and BLBP partly restored the bacterial abundance in mice. LPS changed 282 metabolic pathways in KEGG L2, 77 metabolic pathways in KEGG L3, and 205 metabolic pathways in MetaCyc, respectively. The BLBP-supplemented groups, especially GE, showed reverse effects on those metabolic pathways. The current study revealed that BLBP can effectively decrease intestinal damage through the regulation of intestinal microbiota, which may provide new insights for the prevention of intestinal disease using food and medicine homologous of Lycium ruthenicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Houkang Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoqing Han
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhennan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China,Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Yizhao Shen,
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China,Shudong Liu,
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Oladokun S, Adewole D. The effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102473. [PMID: 36736137 PMCID: PMC9898455 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract) and its delivery route (in-feed or in ovo) on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens. Hatching eggs were incubated for 21 d. On d 12, viable eggs were randomly allotted to 4 groups: the noninjected, in ovo saline (S), in ovo Bacillus subtilis 1 (P1), and in ovo Bacillus subtilis 2 (P2). On d 18, S, P1, and P2 groups received 0.2 mL saline diluent, 10 × 106, and 20 × 106 CFU of the bacterium via the amnion, respectively. At hatch, chicks were re-allotted to 5 new treatment groups: P1, P2, 0.005% in-feed Bacillus subtilis extract (P3), 0.05% in-feed bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD,), and corn-wheat-soybean diet negative control (NC) in 9 replicate pens (22 birds/pen) and raised for 35 d. Hatch parameters were assessed on d 0, and growth performance indices measured weekly. On d 25, 1 bird/cage was euthanized, and samples collected for further analysis. Data were analyzed by generalized linear model. Treatments S and P2 recorded higher (P = 0.01) chick BW/ Egg Weight values compared to the non-injected eggs. P3 and P2 reduced (P = 0.02) FI at week 5 compared to the NC treatment. However, no change in average body weight gain (ABG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed during the same period. At d 35, while BMD treatment showed a tendency (P = 0.09) to increase FI compared to the NC treatment, ABG and FCR were similar for all treatments. Blood sodium and chloride levels were increased (P < 0.05) by the BMD treatment compared to the NC treatment. Compared to other treatments, BMD and P3 treatments increased (P < 0.001) jejunal and ileal villus height to crypt depth ratios, respectively. However, P1 and P2 increased (P < 0.001) villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum compared to NC treatment. Treatments did not affect gut microbial diversity; however, BMD treatment increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of bacteria in the genus Enterococcus in the ileum and reduced (P < 0.05) the proportion of bacteria in the genus Streptococcus in the ceca. All probiotics treatments (irrespective of route and dose) reduced (P < 0.001) the levels of serum IgG compared to the NC treatment. However, P1 and P2 had the lowest numerical decrease in serum IgG concentrations, suggesting that Bacillus subtilis (especially in ovo delivered) might provide broiler chickens with better immunological protection by neutralizing pathogenic organisms that could result in the production of natural antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Oladokun
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Casto-Rebollo C, Diretto G, Frusciante S, Rodríguez JC, Ventero MP, Molina-Pardines C, Vega S, Marin C, Marco-Jiménez F. Examining the effects of Salmonella phage on the caecal microbiota and metabolome features in Salmonella-free broilers. Front Genet 2022; 13:1060713. [PMID: 36437955 PMCID: PMC9691336 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages selectively infect and kill their target bacterial host, being a promising approach to controlling zoonotic bacteria in poultry production. To ensure confidence in its use, fundamental questions of safety and toxicity monitoring of phage therapy should be raised. Due to its high specificity, a minimal impact on the gut ecology is expected; however, more in-depth research into key parameters that influence the success of phage interventions has been needed to reach a consensus on the impact of bacteriophage therapy in the gut. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the interaction of phages with animals; more specifically, we compared the caecum microbiome and metabolome after a Salmonella phage challenge in Salmonella-free broilers, evaluating the role of the phage administration route. To this end, we employed 45 caecum content samples from a previous study where Salmonella phages were administered via drinking water or feed for 24 h from 4, 5 to 6-weeks-old broilers. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed a high level of similarity (beta diversity) but revealed a significant change in alpha diversity between broilers with Salmonella-phage administered in the drinking water and control. Our results showed that the phages affected only a few genera of the microbiota's structure, regardless of the administration route. Among these, we found a significant increase in Streptococcus and Sellimonas in the drinking water and Lactobacillus, Anaeroplasma and Clostridia_vadinBB60_group in the feed. Nevertheless, the LC-HRMS-based metabolomics analyses revealed that despite few genera were significantly affected, a substantial number of metabolites, especially in the phage administered in the drinking water were significantly altered (64 and 14 in the drinking water and feed groups, respectively). Overall, our study shows that preventive therapy with bacteriophages minimally alters the caecal microbiota but significantly impacts their metabolites, regardless of the route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Balmis General University Hospital, Microbiology Division, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Paz Ventero
- Microbiology Department, Balmis General University Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Vega
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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