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Theodorou IM, Kapoukranidou D, Theodorou M, Tsetis JK, Menni AE, Tzikos G, Bareka S, Shrewsbury A, Stavrou G, Kotzampassi K. Cosmeceuticals: A Review of Clinical Studies Claiming to Contain Specific, Well-Characterized Strains of Probiotics or Postbiotics. Nutrients 2024; 16:2526. [PMID: 39125405 PMCID: PMC11314542 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as a critical barrier against external threats-dehydration, ultraviolet exposure, and infections-playing a significant role in internal homeostasis and moisture retention. Additionally, and equally importantly, it interacts dynamically with the complex microbiome resident in it, which is essential for maintaining skin health. Recent interest has focused on the use of probiotics and postbiotics, besides their ability to modulate the skin microbiome, to enhance barrier function, and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, to be involved in skincare, by having the potential to improve skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance, as well as in reducing signs of aging, such as wrinkles and fine lines. The products-being a combination of a cosmetic regime plus probiotic[s] or postbiotic[s]-are named cosmeceuticals. However, to comply with the regulations for the characterization of a microorganism as a specific probiotic strain, the pro- or postbiotics incorporated into the cosmetic regime should be both genetically and phenotypically defined. Thus, in this review, we present 14 published clinical trials using such cosmetic products with specific, well-characterized strains of probiotics or postbiotics applied to volunteers with healthy skin. Looking at the results of these studies collectively, we can say that these genetically and phenotypically defined strains of either live or inanimate bacteria and/or their components seem to keep the treated skin at least fully hydrated, with intact epithelial tone, increased radiance, and with decreased wrinkle depth, while normalizing the commensal skin microbiota. Future advancements in personalized skin care may lead to genomic sequencing and metabolomics to tailor probiotic and postbiotic treatments to individual skin microbiomes, promising a new frontier in cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothea Kapoukranidou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Georgios Tzikos
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Bareka
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anne Shrewsbury
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Stavrou
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Lee YS, Lee SJ, Jang WJ, Lee EW. Protective Effects of the Postbiotic Levilactobacillus brevis BK3 against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage in Skin Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1401-1409. [PMID: 38881180 PMCID: PMC11294649 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Postbiotics have various functional effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity. Levilactobacillus brevis BK3, the subject of this study, was derived from lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. The antioxidant activity of BK3 was confirmed through the measurements of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The wrinkle improvement effect was validated by assessing elastase inhibitory activity and collagenase inhibitory activity. The intracellular activity was confirmed using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human fibroblasts (HFF-1). BK3 protects skin cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, the expressions of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were upregulated. Meanwhile, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), involved in collagen degradation and synthesis, were significantly regulated. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing BK3 as a functional ingredient with antioxidant and wrinkle-improving effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Jang
- Department of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Microbiology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Microbiology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
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Gruber JV, Holtz R, Roach M. Examining the genomic influence of topically applied probiotics in vitro. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 39049791 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent work examined the influence of topically applied just-add-water creams containing Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic cultures on to reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). The ability to blend various quiescent probiotic powders in topical systems allows for the examination of these powders on RHEs employing various individual quiescent probiotics using human gene microarrays. METHODS Four topical Just-Add-Water powders (STRATABIOSYS™ Technologies) were prepared containing the following: (1) Lactobacillus plantarum Lp90 [200 M CFU/g]; (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae [200 M CFU/g]; (3) Streptococcus thermophilus [200 M CFU/g]; and (4) Lactococcus Lactis LLa61 [200 M CFU/g]. A powder without probiotics was used as a placebo control. The creams were prepared by taking 3% of each powder and dissolving it into sterile water. A 15 μL sample of each cream was applied to a RHE tissue that presented approximately 90 K CFU/g of each microorganism on the tissue. The RHE was treated for 24 h with the creams whereupon the residual cream was rinsed off, and the tissues were analysed using Agilent human gene microarrays containing 19 217 individual genes from which a smaller subset of 244 genes pertinent to skin were culled. RESULTS The following probiotic specific gene responses were found: (1) Lactobacillus plantarum upregulated 4.9% of the skin-relevant gene set; (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae upregulated 7.8% of the skin relevant gene set; Streptococcus thermophilus upregulated 6.1% of the skin relevant gene set; Lactococcus lactis upregulated 7.0% of the skin relevant gene set. CONCLUSION A method to examine topical probiotics on RHE has been described that involves converting the powders to preservative-free creams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Holtz
- Bioinnovation Laboratory, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
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Shirkhan F, Safaei F, Mirdamadi S, Zandi M. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Care: Advances, Challenges, and Future Needs. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10319-y. [PMID: 38965196 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the body against invasive pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce and protect this vital organ. Current research supports the impact of probiotics on skin health and their ability to alleviate various skin disorders. However, the effectiveness and probable side effects of probiotics in skin care remain a subject of debate, necessitating further investigation and analysis. Hence, this study aims to highlight existing gaps and future needs in the current research on probiotics in skin care and pave the way for future investigations. Therefore, we scrutinized the effects of oral (fermented foods and dietary supplements) and non-oral/topical probiotics on skin care, and the mechanism of probiotics that affect skin health. The results of most studies showed that fermented foods containing probiotics, particularly dairy products, positively impact skin health. The research results regarding the efficacy of probiotic supplements and live strains in treating skin disorders show promising potential. However, safety evaluations are crucial, to identify any potential adverse effects. While research has identified numerous potential mechanisms by which probiotics may influence skin health, a complete understanding of their precise mode of action remains elusive. However, it seems that probiotics can exert their positive effects through the gut-skin and gut-skin-brain axis on the human body. Therefore, following the identification of safe probiotics, additional studies should be carried out to establish optimal dosages, potential side effects, suitable regulatory guidelines, and validation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shirkhan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 19496-35881, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safaei
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Microbial Biotechnology Student in Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Microbial biotechnology, Tehran, 3353511, Iran
| | - Saeed Mirdamadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology (IROST), Tehran, 33131-93685, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zandi
- Department of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, 3353511, Iran.
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Hernandez-Nicols BF, Robledo-Pulido JJ, Alvarado-Navarro A. Etiopathogenesis of Psoriasis: Integration of Proposed Theories. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:348-415. [PMID: 38240030 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by squamous and erythematous plaques on the skin and the involvement of the immune system. Global prevalence for psoriasis has been reported around 1-3% with a higher incidence in adults and similar proportions between men and women. The risk factors associated with psoriasis are both extrinsic and intrinsic, out of which a polygenic predisposition is a highlight out of the latter. Psoriasis etiology is not yet fully described, but several hypothesis have been proposed: 1) the autoimmunity hypothesis is based on the over-expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37, the proteins ADAMTSL5, K17, and hsp27, or lipids synthesized by the PLA2G4D enzyme, all of which may serve as autoantigens to promote the differentiation of autoreactive lymphocytes T and unleash a chronic inflammatory response; 2) dysbiosis of skin microbiota hypothesis in psoriasis has gained relevance due to the observations of a loss of diversity and the participation of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus spp. or Staphylococcus spp. the fungi Malassezia spp. or Candida spp. and the virus HPV, HCV, or HIV in psoriatic plaques; 3) the oxidative stress hypothesis, the most recent one, describes that the cell injury and the release of proinflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides that leads to activate of the Th1/Th17 axis observed in psoriasis is caused by a higher release of reactive oxygen species and the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. This review aims to describe the mechanisms involved in the three hypotheses on the etiopathogeneses of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Fernanda Hernandez-Nicols
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan José Robledo-Pulido
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Shi Y, Lain E, Frasson N, Ortiz-Brugués A, Stennevin A. The Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of a Soothing Cream Containing the Postbiotic Aquaphilus dolomiae Extract-G2 for Skin Healing. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:697-712. [PMID: 38451421 PMCID: PMC10965845 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vitro and pre-marketing clinical data have shown the healing properties of a postbiotic extract from Aquaphilus dolomiae (ADE-G2). The effectiveness and tolerability of an ADE-G2-based cream were therefore evaluated for the management of minor skin impairment and wound healing in a large population of subjects in routine clinical practice. METHODS A real-world, international, pre-post comparative study was conducted in infants, children, and adults with various types of superficial skin impairment who used the study product daily for around 3 weeks according to their dermatologist's advice. Immediate and follow-up changes in dermatologic signs and symptoms were assessed through clinical scoring. User satisfaction, overall product effectiveness, and tolerability were also evaluated. Analyses were performed in the whole study population and in subject subgroups according to skin impairment type and age. RESULTS Overall, 1317 subjects (83.1% adults, 72.0% female) were included. Dermatologists reported effectiveness and "good" or "very good" tolerability of the cream in 93.8% (1221/1302) and 98.5% (1278/1297) of subjects, respectively. Immediate symptom relief after the first application was reported by 88.3% (849/962) of subjects. After several weeks of regular use (16.7 ± 11.6 days), dermatologic signs and symptoms significantly improved in the whole study population and in the subgroups, with mean decreases in severity scores ranging from -34.5% to -92.5% (p < 0.0001). The smallest improvements were found in subjects with oncologic treatment-related skin impairment. At study end, most users (> 95%) were "very satisfied" or "satisfied" with the cream and found that skin healing was rapid and of good quality. CONCLUSION The ADE-G2-based cream proved to be effective and well tolerated in real-life conditions for the management of minor skin impairment in a large and varied cohort of subjects. This product, used as a standalone or adjunctive regimen, can help accelerate the healing of various types of superficial skin impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital and Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward Lain
- Sanova Dermatology, Austin Institute for Clinical Research, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Frasson
- , 2 Avenue du Docteur Jean Ster, 34240, Lamalou Les Bains, France
| | - Ariadna Ortiz-Brugués
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques Avène, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Les Cauquillous, 81500, Lavaur, France
| | - Aline Stennevin
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques Avène, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Les Cauquillous, 81500, Lavaur, France.
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Han JH, Kim HS. Skin Deep: The Potential of Microbiome Cosmetics. J Microbiol 2024; 62:181-199. [PMID: 38625646 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between the skin microbiome and its host is a complex facet of dermatological health and has become a critical focus in the development of microbiome cosmetics. The skin microbiome, comprising various microorganisms, is essential from birth, develops over the lifespan, and performs vital roles in protecting our body against pathogens, training the immune system, and facilitating the breakdown of organic matter. Dysbiosis, an imbalance of these microorganisms, has been implicated in a number of skin conditions such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and skin cancer. Recent scientific findings have spurred cosmetic companies to develop products that preserve and enhance the skin's microbial diversity balance. These products may incorporate elements like prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics, which are beneficial for the skin microbiome. Beyond topical products, there's increasing interest in ingestible beauty supplements (i.e. oral probiotics), highlighting the connection between the gut and skin. This review examines the influence of the microbiome on skin health and the emerging trends of microbiome skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Kaya E, Bianchi M, Maisetta G, Esin S, Batoni G. Strong Activity and No Resistance Induction Exerted by Cell-Free Supernatants from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus against Mono-Species and Dual-Species Biofilms of Wound Pathogens in In Vivo-like Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2087. [PMID: 38396764 PMCID: PMC10888627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely agreed that microbial biofilms play a major role in promoting infection and delaying healing of chronic wounds. In the era of microbial resistance, probiotic strains or their metabolic products are emerging as an innovative approach for the treatment of hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds due to their antimicrobial, healing, and host immune-modulatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG against mono- and dual-species biofilms of wound pathogens in a 3D in vitro infection model. Mature biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were obtained on collagen scaffolds in the presence of a simulant wound fluid (SWF) and treated with CFS at different doses and time intervals. At 1:4 dilution in SWF, CFS caused a marked reduction in the colony forming-unit (CFU) numbers of bacteria embedded in mono-species biofilms as well as bacteria released by the biofilms in the supernatant. CFU count and electron microscopy imaging also demonstrated a marked antibiofilm effect against dual-species biofilms starting from 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, CFS exhibited acceptable levels of cytotoxicity at 24 h of incubation against HaCaT cells and, differently from ciprofloxacin, failed to induce resistance after 15 passages at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Overall, the results obtained point to L. rhamnosus GG postbiotics as a promising strategy for the treatment of wound biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy; (E.K.); (M.B.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
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Prajapati N, Patel J, Singh S, Yadav VK, Joshi C, Patani A, Prajapati D, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Postbiotic production: harnessing the power of microbial metabolites for health applications. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1306192. [PMID: 38169918 PMCID: PMC10758465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1306192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics, which are bioactive substances derived from the metabolic processes of beneficial microbes, have received considerable attention in the field of microbiome science in recent years, presenting a promising path for exploration and innovation. This comprehensive analysis looks into the multidimensional terrain of postbiotic production, including an extensive examination of diverse postbiotic classes, revealing their sophisticated mechanisms of action and highlighting future applications that might significantly affect human health. The authors thoroughly investigate the various mechanisms that support postbiotic production, ranging from conventional fermentation procedures to cutting-edge enzyme conversion and synthetic biology approaches. The review, as an acknowledgment of the field's developing nature, not only highlights current achievements but also navigates through the problems inherent in postbiotic production. In order to successfully include postbiotics in therapeutic interventions and the production of functional food ingredients, emphasis is given to critical elements, including improving yields, bolstering stability, and assuring safety. The knowledge presented herein sheds light on the expanding field of postbiotics and their potential to revolutionize the development of novel therapeutics and functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinil Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Energy and Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Chinmayi Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharmendra Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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Shirbhate U, Bajaj P, Chandak M, Jaiswal P, Sarangi S, Suchak D, Bharti L. Clinical Implications of Probiotics in Oral and Periodontal Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e51177. [PMID: 38283527 PMCID: PMC10816831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic therapy represents a novel concept in dentistry. The microbial nature of dental plaque can be altered, or the probiotic strategy can efficiently inhibit oral pathogens. Probiotics are dietary supplements that are vital for boosting immunity as they include beneficial bacteria and yeast. In dentistry and medicine, the interest in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics is increasing. By forming a biofilm and assisting in preventing dental cavities, probiotics play a crucial role in dentistry and significantly impact immunity. Prebiotics are non-digestible dietary supplements that enhance health by increasing the quantity and activity of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. It has been demonstrated that prebiotics, in addition to probiotics, can help treat oral diseases. They promote the growth and activity of beneficial organisms while inhibiting potentially harmful bacteria's growth and activity. Synbiotics are dietary supplements that combine probiotics and prebiotics, believed to work in tandem through a process known as synergism. Studies have indicated that synbiotics, or a combination of probiotics with a prebiotic, may have greater efficacy than either supplement alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati Shirbhate
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pavan Bajaj
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Manoj Chandak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Priyanka Jaiswal
- Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swayangprabha Sarangi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Dhwani Suchak
- Department of Orthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Lovely Bharti
- Department of Orthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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