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Acharya M, Venkidesh BS, Mumbrekar KD. Bacterial supplementation in mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage. Life Sci 2024; 353:122921. [PMID: 39032692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Pelvic irradiation, a crucial treatment for pelvic malignancies, is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) damage due to the high proliferation rate of epithelial cells. The radiosensitive gastrointestinal tract acts as a dose-limiting organ. High doses of ionizing radiation can cause inflammation and rupture of mucosal barriers and can also lead to intestinal fibrosis. Intestinal damage can cause acute to chronic complications, reducing patients' quality of life. The gut microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining gut health, and any changes in the gut microbial composition can worsen damage, emphasizing the importance of therapies that target and sustain the gut microbiota during radiotherapy. One potential strategy to prevent radiation-induced GI damage is to use bacterial supplements. Research suggests that probiotic supplementation may alleviate radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage, maintaining intestinal morphology and decreasing epithelial injury in cancer patients. The observed protective effects occur through various mechanisms, including antioxidant activities, modulation of the immune response, and preservation of gut barrier function. To optimize probiotic therapies, it is imperative to elucidate these mechanisms. The efficiency of probiotics as radioprotectors is highly dependent on the time and dose of administration, and their interaction with the host immune system is a key facet of their therapeutic potential. This review explores the potential benefits of bacterial supplementation in mitigating radiation-induced GI damage and the underlying mechanism. This highlights the need for further research to establish standardized protocols and refine probiotic supplementation strategies, underscoring the potential for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Acharya
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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2
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Bouges E, Segers C, Leys N, Lebeer S, Zhang J, Mastroleo F. Human Intestinal Organoids and Microphysiological Systems for Modeling Radiotoxicity and Assessing Radioprotective Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5859. [PMID: 38136404 PMCID: PMC10741417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a commonly employed treatment for colorectal cancer, yet its radiotoxicity-related impact on healthy tissues raises significant health concerns. This highlights the need to use radioprotective agents to mitigate these side effects. This review presents the current landscape of human translational radiobiology, outlining the limitations of existing models and proposing engineering solutions. We delve into radiotherapy principles, encompassing mechanisms of radiation-induced cell death and its influence on normal and cancerous colorectal cells. Furthermore, we explore the engineering aspects of microphysiological systems to represent radiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and how to include the gut microbiota to study its role in treatment failure and success. This review ultimately highlights the main challenges and future pathways in translational research for pelvic radiotherapy-induced toxicity. This is achieved by developing a humanized in vitro model that mimics radiotherapy treatment conditions. An in vitro model should provide in-depth analyses of host-gut microbiota interactions and a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of radioprotective food supplements. Additionally, it would be of great value if these models could produce high-throughput data using patient-derived samples to address the lack of human representability to complete clinical trials and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Bouges
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Charlotte Segers
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Natalie Leys
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- RadioPharma Research, Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.); (N.L.)
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3
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Van Dingenen L, Segers C, Wouters S, Mysara M, Leys N, Kumar-Singh S, Malhotra-Kumar S, Van Houdt R. Dissecting the role of the gut microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in radio- and immunotherapy treatment of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1298264. [PMID: 38035338 PMCID: PMC10687483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1298264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and poses a major burden on the human health worldwide. At the moment, treatment of CRC consists of surgery in combination with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. More recently, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have also been approved for CRC treatment. In addition, recent studies have shown that radiotherapy and ICBs act synergistically, with radiotherapy stimulating the immune system that is activated by ICBs. However, both treatments are also associated with severe toxicity and efficacy issues, which can lead to temporary or permanent discontinuation of these treatment programs. There's growing evidence pointing to the gut microbiome playing a role in these issues. Some microorganisms seem to contribute to radiotherapy-associated toxicity and hinder ICB efficacy, while others seem to reduce radiotherapy-associated toxicity or enhance ICB efficacy. Consequently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been applied to reduce radio- and immunotherapy-related toxicity and enhance their efficacies. Here, we have reviewed the currently available preclinical and clinical data in CRC treatment, with a focus on how the gut microbiome influences radio- and immunotherapy toxicity and efficacy and if these treatments could benefit from FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Van Dingenen
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Segers
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Shari Wouters
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Science, School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Natalie Leys
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Nuclear Medical Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
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4
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Park HY, Yu JH. X-ray radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in human epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115404. [PMID: 37625335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy and unwanted radiological or nuclear exposure, such as nuclear plant accidents, terrorist attacks, and military conflicts, pose serious health issues to humans. Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the leakage of luminal antigens and bacteria across the barrier have been linked to various human diseases. Intestinal permeability is regulated by intercellular structures, termed tight junctions (TJs), which are disrupted after radiation exposure. In this study, we investigated radiation-induced alterations in TJ-related proteins in an intestinal epithelial cell model. Caco-2 cells were irradiated with 2, 5, and 10 Gy and harvested 1 and 24 h after X-ray exposure. The trypan blue assay revealed that cell viability was reduced in a dose-dependent manner 24 h after X-ray exposure compared to that of non-irradiated cells. However, the WST-8 assay revealed that cell proliferation was significantly reduced only 24 h after radiation exposure to 10 Gy compared to that of non-irradiated cells. In addition, a decreased growth rate and increased doubling time were observed in cells irradiated with X-rays. Intestinal permeability was significantly increased, and transepithelial electrical resistance values were remarkably reduced in Caco-2 cell monolayers irradiated with X-rays compared to non-irradiated cells. X-ray irradiation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-3, and claudin-4, with ZO-1 and claudin-3 protein levels decreasing in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, the present study reveals that exposure to X-ray induces dysfunction of the human epithelial intestinal barrier and integrity via the downregulation of TJ-related genes, which may be a key factor contributing to intestinal barrier damage and increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Yu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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Guan B, Li D, Meng A. Development of radiation countermeasure agents for acute radiation syndromes. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:329-336. [PMID: 37642199 PMCID: PMC10486342 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of internal and external exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) has increased alongside the development and implementation of nuclear technology. Therefore, serious security issues have emerged globally, and there has been an increase in the number of studies focusing on radiological prevention and medical countermeasures. Radioprotective drugs are particularly important components of emergency medical preparedness strategies for the clinical management of IR-induced injuries. However, a few drugs have been approved to date to treat such injuries, and the related mechanisms are not entirely understood. Thus, the aim of the present review was to provide a brief overview of the World Health Organization's updated list of essential medicines for 2023 for the proper management of national stockpiles and the treatment of radiological emergencies. This review also discusses the types of radiation-induced health injuries and the related mechanisms, as well as the development of various radioprotective agents, including Chinese herbal medicines, for which significant survival benefits have been demonstrated in animal models of acute radiation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Guan
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal ModelBeijingChina
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear MedicineInstitute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Aimin Meng
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal ModelBeijingChina
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6
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Obrador E, Montoro A. Ionizing Radiation, Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Damage: Radiomodulators. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1219. [PMID: 37371949 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is the energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves (e [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Elena Obrador Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Alegría Montoro, Radiation Protection Service, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46021 Valencia, Spain
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Probiotic Bacteria Cannot Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Radioactive Iodine-131 Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030740. [PMID: 36765697 PMCID: PMC9913142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common cancer of the endocrine system, accounting for 12% of all cancer cases in adolescents in the United States. Radioiodine therapy plays a key role in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was aimed at evaluating the effect of probiotics supplementation in reducing the acute side-effects of radioiodine therapy in PTC patients. Fifty-six patients were randomly divided into four groups: one placebo and three intervention groups. The probiotics product used in this study was LactoCare (ZistTakhmir Co., Tehran, Iran), a multi-strain commercially available symbiotic containing 12 strains of probiotic species including Lactobacillus strains, Bifidobacteria strains, and Streptococcus thermophilus, plus Fructo-oligosaccharides as the prebiotic. Group 0 was our placebo group (no probiotics), while the other three groups received probiotics capsules for 2/4 days, starting only 2 days prior to radioiodine therapy, only 4 days after radioiodine therapy or 2 days prior and 4 days after radioiodine therapy. Six patients were withdrawn during the study because of poor compliance or at their own request. The symptoms reported by patients including data about the incidence and duration of each complication were recorded. The probiotics' effectiveness was confirmed for dry mouth and taste loss or change when it was administered prior to the radioiodine treatment. The benefit was not confirmed for other radiation-induced complications such as pain and swelling in the neck, nausea and vomiting, salivary gland swelling, and diarrhea. Further large-scale clinical trials are warranted to improve our knowledge in this quickly evolving field.
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8
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Li Z, Ke X, Zuo D, Wang Z, Fang F, Li B. New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010048. [PMID: 36615706 PMCID: PMC9824372 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments for cancer. In a nutshell, the modifications of the gut microbiota caused by radiotherapy have an effect on tumor radiosensitivity and, as a result, affect the efficacy of radiotherapy and show a certain radiation toxicity, which leads to numerous side effects. What is of new research significance is that the "gut-organ axis" formed by the gut microbiota may be one of the most interesting potential mechanisms, although the relevant research is still very limited. In this review, we combine new insights into the relationship between the gut microbiota, cancer, and radiotherapy. Based on our current comprehensive understanding of this relationship, we give an overview of the new cancer treatments based on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiyang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-85619455
| | - Bo Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Limnospira indica PCC 8005 or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Dietary Supplementation Modulate the Gut Microbiome in Mice. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While dietary supplements can have beneficial effects on the health of the intestine, these effects can come with unresolved issues in terms of therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action. In this study, the model probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 and the anciently used dietary supplement Limnospira indica strain PCC 8005 were compared for their effects on murine intestinal ecology. Healthy male mice received either saline or suspensions of living cells of L. indica PCC 8005 or L. rhamnosus GG daily along a two-week intervention period, followed by a two-week washout period. Both bacteria-based solutions appeared able to transiently shift the microbial community, which were characterized by a higher relative abundance of members of the butyrate producing Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadaceae families.
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Fernandes D, Andreyev J. The Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Radiation Enteropathy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1613. [PMID: 36014031 PMCID: PMC9415405 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating host physiology. In a stable state, both the microbiota and the gut work synergistically. The overall homeostasis of the intestinal flora can be affected by multiple factors, including disease states and the treatments given for those diseases. In this review, we examine the relatively well-characterised abnormalities that develop in the microbiome in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and compare and contrast them to those that are found in radiation enteropathy. We discuss how these changes may exert their effects at a molecular level, and the possible role of manipulating the microbiome through the use of a variety of therapies to reduce the severity of the underlying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Fernandes
- The Department of Gastroenterology, United Lincolnshire NHS Trust, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln LN2 5QY, UK
| | - Jervoise Andreyev
- The Department of Gastroenterology, United Lincolnshire NHS Trust, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln LN2 5QY, UK
- The Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Obrador E, Salvador-Palmer R, Villaescusa JI, Gallego E, Pellicer B, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador-Palmer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.I.V.); (A.M.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gallego
- Energy Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Blanca Pellicer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (R.S.-P.); (B.P.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.I.V.); (A.M.)
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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12
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Zhou Y, Liu J, Li X, Wang L, Hu L, Li A, Zhou J. JAC4 Protects from X-Ray Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury by JWA-Mediated Anti-Oxidation/Inflammation Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061067. [PMID: 35739964 PMCID: PMC9220415 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal injury is one of the major side effects in patients receiving radiation therapy. There is no specific treatment for radiation-induced enteritis in the clinic. We synthesized a compound, named JAC4, which is an agonist and can increase JWA protein expression. JWA has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory; in addition, the small intestine epithelium showed dysplasia in JWA knockout mice. We hypothesized that JAC4 might exert a protective effect against radiation-induced intestinal damage. Herein, X-ray radiation models were built both in mice and in intestinal crypt epithelial cells (IEC-6). C57BL/6J mice were treated with JAC4 by gavage before abdominal irradiation (ABI); the data showed that JAC4 significantly reduced radiation-induced intestinal mucosal damage and increased the survival rate. In addition, radiation-induced oxidative stress damage and systemic inflammatory response were also mitigated by JAC4 treatment. Moreover, JAC4 treatment alleviated DNA damage, decreased cell apoptosis, and maintained intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in mice. In vitro data showed that JAC4 treatment significantly inhibited ROS formation and cell apoptosis. Importantly, all the above protective effects of JAC4 on X-ray radiation-triggered intestinal injury were no longer determined in the intestinal epithelium of JWA knockout mice. Therefore, our results provide the first evidence that JAC4 protects the intestine from radiation-induced enteritis through JWA-mediated anti-oxidation/inflammation signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (A.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (A.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (A.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (A.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lirong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China;
| | - Aiping Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (A.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (A.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence:
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Changizi V, Azadbakht O, Ghanavati R, Behrouj H, Motevaseli E, Khanzadeh P. Effect of Lactobacillus species on apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BAX, and caspase 3 in the testes of gamma-irradiated rats. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1581-1585. [PMID: 34909882 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ionizing radiation has various applications, including uses in medicine, industry, agriculture, and research. However, ionizing radiation is accompanied by side effects in normal radiosensitive tissues. Probiotics as natural radioprotective agents can protect normal tissues from ionizing radiation. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus species on apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BAX, and caspase 3 (CASP3) in the testes of gamma-irradiated rats. METHODS A total of 30 male Wistar rats were involved in this study. The animals received the whole- body radiation with the dose rate of 2 Gy gamma-ray and were orally gavaged with 0.2 mL of 1×1010 Lactobacillus species in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 4 weeks. Then, the relative gene expression levels of BCL2, BAX, and CASP3 in the testis were assessed by using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Compared with the control group, radiation significantly downregulated the BCL2 and upregulated the BAX and CASP3 genes (p<0.0001). However, Lactobacillus species significantly reversed these effects. CONCLUSION All in all, according to our results, employing Lactobacilli probiotics as a natural radioprotector may protect radiosensitive tissue from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Changizi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Allied Medical Sciences School, Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy Department - Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Azadbakht
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Radiology Technology Department - Behbahan, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences Department - Behbahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Sciences Department - Behbahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Advanced Technologies in Medicine School, Molecular Medicine Department - Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khanzadeh
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Allied Medical Sciences School, Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy Department - Tehran, Iran
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14
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Segers C, Mysara M, Claesen J, Baatout S, Leys N, Lebeer S, Verslegers M, Mastroleo F. Intestinal mucositis precedes dysbiosis in a mouse model for pelvic irradiation. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:24. [PMID: 36737646 PMCID: PMC9723693 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic radiotherapy is known to evoke intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis. Currently, there are no effective therapies available to mitigate these injuries, which is partly due to a lack of insight into the events causing mucositis and dysbiosis. Here, the complex interplay between the murine host and its microbiome following pelvic irradiation was mapped by characterizing intestinal mucositis along with extensive 16S microbial profiling. We demonstrated important morphological and inflammatory implications within one day after exposure, thereby impairing intestinal functionality and inducing translocation of intraluminal bacteria into mesenteric lymph nodes as innovatively quantified by flow cytometry. Concurrent 16S microbial profiling revealed a delayed impact of pelvic irradiation on beta diversity. Analysis of composition of microbiomes identified biomarkers for pelvic irradiation. Among them, members of the families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadaceae were differentially affected. Altogether, our unprecedented findings showed how pelvic irradiation evoked structural and functional changes in the intestine, which secondarily resulted in a microbiome shift. Therefore, the presented in vivo irradiation-gut-microbiome platform allows further research into the pathobiology of pelvic irradiation-induced intestinal mucositis and resultant dysbiosis, as well as the exploration of mitigating treatments including drugs and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Segers
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium.
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15
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Hollingsworth BA, Cassatt DR, DiCarlo AL, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Winters TA, Taliaferro LP. Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Microbiome: Impact and Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643283. [PMID: 34084131 PMCID: PMC8167050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of the human microbiota has been a centuries-long endeavor, but since the inception of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Human Microbiome Project in 2007, research has greatly expanded, including the space involving radiation injury. As acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is multisystemic, the microbiome niches across all areas of the body may be affected. This review highlights advances in radiation research examining the effect of irradiation on the microbiome and its potential use as a target for medical countermeasures or biodosimetry approaches, or as a medical countermeasure itself. The authors also address animal model considerations for designing studies, and the potential to use the microbiome as a biomarker to assess radiation exposure and predict outcome. Recent research has shown that the microbiome holds enormous potential for mitigation of radiation injury, in the context of both radiotherapy and radiological/nuclear public health emergencies. Gaps still exist, but the field is moving forward with much promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn A Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, United States
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16
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β-Naphthoflavone Activation of the Ah Receptor Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121264. [PMID: 33322705 PMCID: PMC7763649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy induced gastrointestinal syndrome results from the acute damage of intestinal stem cells, impaired crypts reconstruction, and subsequent breakdown of the mucosal barrier. The toxicity of ionizing radiation is associated with oxidative stress in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Moreover, the rapid proliferation of IECs is a risk factor for radiation damage. β-naphthoflavone (BNF) is an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and possesses potential antioxidative activity. We investigated BNF radioprotection in IECs experiencing γ-ray exposure, contributed to mitigation of radiation enteritis. BNF significantly enhanced cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis in an AhR activation-dependent manner. The mechanism of BNF reducing the IECs radiosensitivity was associated with cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell proliferation. In contrast, AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly blocked BNF-induced cell cycle arrest. Cyp1a1 mRNA levels are induced after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, and CYP1A1 protein expression increased in the irradiated intestinal tract as well. BNF also reduces DNA strand breaks induced by irradiation. These studies demonstrate that BNF pretreatment prolonged median survival time of mice upon exposure to a lethal dose of radiation and alleviated irradiation-induced toxicity within the bowel.
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Wang M, Dong Y, Wu J, Li H, Zhang Y, Fan S, Li D. Baicalein ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced injuries by rebalancing gut microbiota and inhibiting apoptosis. Life Sci 2020; 261:118463. [PMID: 32950576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ionizing radiation (IR) induces injuries to the hematopoietic and intestinal systems, which are the leading cause of death. Baicalein, a plant-derived flavonoid, shows anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation effects in many diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects and mechanism of baicalein on IR induced intestinal and hematopoietic injuries. MAIN METHODS Mice were divided into three groups: Control, IR and IR + Baicalein. All of mice were intraperitoneally administered with 100 mg/kg baicalein or normal saline for 1 h before IR, and then a day post-IR. The changes in intestinal structure, function and molecular expression were observed by pathological experiments and western blot. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze gut microbiota and further predicted metabolic pathways through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Hematopoietic function was evaluated by peripheral blood cells count and by flow cytometry analysis of hematopoietic cells composition. KEY FINDINGS Baicalein improved intestinal structure and the ability of proliferation and regeneration after mice exposed to IR, in which the rebalance of gut microbial composition played an important role. KEGG results showed that p53-related apoptotic pathways played important roles in the composition changes of gut microbiota. Then we observed that baicalein inhibited the activation of p53 and p53 mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and death receptor apoptosis in the intestine. In addition, IR induced injuries to hematopoietic system also could be ameliorated by baicalein. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide new insights into the mechanism of baicalein and support the potential of baicalein as a radioprotective medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuanyang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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