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Paschoal MAB, Gonçalves LM, Cavalcante SIA, Andrade-Maia G, Duarte S. Morphological changes and viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilm treated with erythrosine: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:888-895. [PMID: 38129976 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) is a modality that aims to induce microorganisms through visible light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. This therapy has shown promising results in controlling cariogenic biofilm in vitro and in vivo counterparts. This study investigated bacterial viability and morphological characterization of Streptococcus mutans mature biofilms after combination of erythrosine and a high potency dental curing light. Biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks in batch culture. The samples were performed in triplicates. Fresh medium was replaced daily for five days and treated using 40 μM of E activated by HL 288 J/cm2 and total dose of 226 J at 1200 mW/cm2. Phosphate buffer saline and 0.12% of chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After treatment, biofilms were assessed for microbial viability and morphological characterization by means of bio-volume and thickness. COMSTAT software was used for image analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test with significance level 5%. The application of a-PDT and CHX treatments decreased S. mutans bacterial viability. The image analysis showed more red cells on biofilms when compared to other groups, demonstrating photobacterial killing. Erythrosine irradiated with a high potency curing light can potentially act as an antimicrobial tool in the treatment of cariogenic biofilms. The morphology and viability of microorganisms were impacted after treatment. Treatment with photodynamic therapy may be able to reduce the bio-volume and viability of bacteria present in biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The use of the a-PDT technique has been applied in dentistry with satisfactory results. Some applications of this technique are in stomatology and endodontics. In the present study, we sought to understand the use of photodynamic therapy in the control of biofilm and the results found are compatible with the objective of microbiological control proposed by this technique, thus raising the alert for future studies in vivo using the combination of a-PDT with erythrosine, since they are easily accessible materials for the dental surgeon and can be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriele Andrade-Maia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Senior Director, Applied Research Department, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sasaki K, Takeshima Y, Fujino A, Yamashita J, Kimoto A, Sasaki D, Kondo A, Akashi M, Okumura R. Construction of a versatile in vitro cultivation screening platform using human oral microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13243. [PMID: 38425145 PMCID: PMC10904971 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We developed a simulation model of human oral microbiota using Bio Palette oral medium (BPOM) containing 0.02% glucose and lower bacterial nitrogen sources, derived from saliva and dental plaque. By decreasing the concentration of Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) from 30 to 10 g L-1 , we observed increased ratios of target pathogenic genera, Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium from 0.5% and 1.7% to 1.2% and 3.5%, respectively, in the biofilm on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs. BPOM exhibited the higher ratios of Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium, and amplicon sequence variant number on HA, compared with GAM, modified GAM and basal medium mucin. Mixing glycerol stocks of BPOM culture solutions from four human subjects resulted in comparable ratios of these bacteria to the original saliva. In this simulation model, sitafloxacin showed higher inhibitory effects on P. gingivalis than minocycline hydrochloride at a low dosage of 0.1 μg mL-1 . Probiotics such as Streptococcus salivarius and Limosilactobacillus fermentum also showed significant decreases in Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium ratios on HA, respectively. Overall, the study suggests that BPOM with low carbon and nutrients could be a versatile platform for assessing the efficacy of antibiotics and live biotherapeutics in treating oral diseases caused by Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junya Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Akira Kimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe UniversityKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe UniversityKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeHyogoJapan
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Calazans Neto JV, Ferreira I, Ramos AP, Bolfarini C, Batalha RL, Dos Reis AC, Valente MLDC. Comparative analysis of the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties of Ti-6Al-4V disks produced by different methods and subjected to surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:742.e1-742.e8. [PMID: 38383281 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM To improve the osseointegration of dental implants and reduce microbiological growth, different micro- and nanoscale surface topographies can be used. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of Ti-6Al-4V with 4 surfaces, machined (DU), machined+hydroxyapatite (DUHAp), machined+acid-alkali treatment (DUAA), and additive manufacturing (DMA), on the physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS The topography of Ti-6Al-4V disks with the 4 surfaces was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Physical and chemical properties were analyzed by using wettability and surface free energy, roughness, and microbial adhesion against Staphylococcus aureus by colony forming units (CFU). One-way ANOVA analysis of variance and the Tukey multiple comparisons test were applied to evaluate the data, except CFU, which was submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (α=.05). RESULTS DU photomicrographs showed a topography characteristic of a polished machined surface, DUHAp and DUAA exhibited patterns corresponding to the surface modifications performed, and in DMA the presence of partially fused spherical particles was observed. The EDS identified chemical elements inherent in the Ti-6Al-4V, and the DUHAp and DUAA disks also had the ions from the treatments applied. XRD patterns revealed similarities between DU and DMA, as well as characteristic peaks of hydroxyapatite (HA) in the DUHAp disk and the DUAA. Compared with DU and DMA the DUHAp and DUAA groups showed hydrophilic behavior with smaller contact angles and higher surface free energy (P<.05). DMA showed a higher mean value of roughness, different from the others (P<.05), and a higher CFU for S. aureus (P=.006). CONCLUSIONS DUHAp and DUAA showed similar behaviors regarding wettability, surface free energy, and bacterial adhesion. Among the untreated groups, DMA exhibited higher roughness, bacterial adhesion, and lower wettability and surface free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vicente Calazans Neto
- Master's student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Izabela Ferreira
- Master's student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudemiro Bolfarini
- Professor, Professor, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Lisboa Batalha
- Researcher, Materials and Technologies, Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Institute of Welding and Quality (ISQ), Porto Salvo, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima da Costa Valente
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Hussain B, Simm R, Bueno J, Giannettou S, Naemi AO, Lyngstadaas SP, Haugen HJ. Biofouling on titanium implants: a novel formulation of poloxamer and peroxide for in situ removal of pellicle and multi-species oral biofilm. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae014. [PMID: 38435376 PMCID: PMC10907064 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Eradicating biofouling from implant surfaces is essential in treating peri-implant infections, as it directly addresses the microbial source for infection and inflammation around dental implants. This controlled laboratory study examines the effectiveness of the four commercially available debridement solutions '(EDTA (Prefgel®), NaOCl (Perisolv®), H2O2 (Sigma-Aldrich) and Chlorhexidine (GUM® Paroex®))' in removing the acquired pellicle, preventing pellicle re-formation and removing of a multi-species oral biofilm growing on a titanium implant surface, and compare the results with the effect of a novel formulation of a peroxide-activated 'Poloxamer gel (Nubone® Clean)'. Evaluation of pellicle removal and re-formation was conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to assess the surface morphology, elemental composition and chemical surface composition. Hydrophilicity was assessed through contact angle measurements. The multi-species biofilm model included Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, reflecting the natural oral microbiome's complexity. Biofilm biomass was quantified using safranin staining, biofilm viability was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and SEM was used for morphological analyses of the biofilm. Results indicated that while no single agent completely eradicated the biofilm, the 'Poloxamer gel' activated with 'H2O2' exhibited promising results. It minimized re-contamination of the pellicle by significantly lowering the contact angle, indicating enhanced hydrophilicity. This combination also showed a notable reduction in carbon contaminants, suggesting the effective removal of organic residues from the titanium surface, in addition to effectively reducing viable bacterial counts. In conclusion, the 'Poloxamer gel + H2O2' combination emerged as a promising chemical decontamination strategy for peri-implant diseases. It underlines the importance of tailoring treatment methods to the unique microbial challenges in peri-implant diseases and the necessity of combining chemical decontaminating strategies with established mechanical cleaning procedures for optimal management of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badra Hussain
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger Simm
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaime Bueno
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of the Postgraduate program in Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Savvas Giannettou
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jo YH, Cho JH, Park DH, Yoon HI, Han SH, Yilmaz B. Antimicrobial activity, surface properties, and cytotoxicity of microencapsulated phytochemicals incorporated into three-dimensionally printable dental polymers. J Dent 2024; 141:104820. [PMID: 38128820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of three dimensionally-printed dental polymers (3DPs) incorporated with microencapsulated phytochemicals (MPs) and to assess their surface characteristics and cytotoxicity. METHODS MPs derived from phytoncide oil and their specific chemical components were introduced into suspensions of three microbial species: Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans. Optical density was measured to determine the microbial growth in the presence of MPs for testing their antimicrobial activity. MPs at 5% (w/w) were mixed with dental polymers and dispersants to 3DP discs. These microbial species were then seeded onto the discs and incubated for 24 h. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of MP-containing 3DPs were evaluated by counting the colony-forming units (n = 3). The biofilm formation on the 3DP was assessed by crystal violet staining assay (n = 3). Microbial viability was determined using a live-dead staining and CLSM observation (n = 3). Surface roughness and water contact angle were assessed (n = 10). Cytotoxicity of MP-containing 3DPs for human gingival fibroblast was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS MPs, particularly (-)-α-pinene, suppressed the growth of all tested microbial species. MP-containing 3DPs significantly reduced the colony count (P ≤ 0.001) and biofilm formation (P ≤ 0.009), of all tested microbial species. Both surface roughness (P < 0.001) and water contact angle (P < 0.001) increased. The cytotoxicity remained unchanged after incorporating MPs to the 3DPs (P = 0.310). CONCLUSIONS MPs effectively controlled the microbial growth on 3DPs as evidenced by the colony count, biofilm formation, and cell viability. Although MPs modified the surface characteristics, they did not influence the cytotoxicity of 3DPs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Integration of MPs into 3DPs could produce dental prostheses or appliances with antimicrobial properties. This approach not only provides a proactive solution to reduce the risk of oral biofilm-related infection but also ensures the safety and biocompatibility of the material, thereby improving dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Dini C, Costa RC, Bertolini M, Shibli JA, Feres M, Klein MI, de Avila ÉD, Souza JGS, Barão VAR. In-vitro polymicrobial oral biofilm model represents clinical microbial profile and disease progression during implant-related infections. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad265. [PMID: 37951291 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Clinically relevant in-vitro biofilm models are essential and valuable tools for mechanistically dissecting the etiopathogenesis of infectious diseases and test new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and test a clinically relevant in-vitro oral polymicrobial biofilm model that mimics implant-related infections in terms of microbial profile. METHODS AND RESULTS For this purpose, 24-well plate system was used to model oral biofilms, using three different microbial inoculums to grow in-vitro biofilms: (1) human saliva from periodontally healthy patients; (2) saliva as in inoculum 1 + Porphyromonas gingivalis strain; and (3) supra and subgingival biofilm collected from peri-implant sites of patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Biofilms were grown to represent the dynamic transition from an aerobic to anaerobic community profile. Subsequently, biofilms were collected after each phase and evaluated for microbiological composition, microbial counts, biofilm biomass, structure, and susceptibility to chlorhexidine (CHX). Results showed higher live cell count (P < .05) for biofilms developed from patients' biofilm inoculum, but biomass volume, dry weight, and microbiological composition were similar among groups (P > .05). Interestingly, according to the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization results, the biofilm developed from stimulated human saliva exhibited a microbial composition more similar to the clinical subgingival biofilm of patients with peri-implantitis, with proportions of the main pathogens closer to those found in the disease. In addition, biofilm developed using saliva as inoculum was shown to be susceptible to CHX with significant reduction in bacteria compared with biofilms without exposure to CHX (P < .05). CONCLUSION The findings suggested that the in-vitro polymicrobial biofilm developed from human saliva as inoculum is a suitable model and clinically relevant tool for mimicking the microbial composition of implant-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Raphael Cavalcante Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP 07011-010, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP 07011-010, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Érica Dorigatti de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-385, Brazil
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | | | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
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Tambone E, Ceresa C, Marchetti A, Chiera S, Anesi A, Nollo G, Caola I, Bosetti M, Fracchia L, Ghensi P, Tessarolo F. Rhamnolipid 89 Biosurfactant Is Effective against Streptococcus oralis Biofilm and Preserves Osteoblast Behavior: Perspectives in Dental Implantology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14014. [PMID: 37762317 PMCID: PMC10530769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related peri-implant diseases represent the major complication for osteointegrated dental implants, requiring complex treatments or implant removal. Microbial biosurfactants emerged as new antibiofilm coating agents for implantable devices thanks to their high biocompatibility. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the rhamnolipid 89 biosurfactant (R89BS) in limiting Streptococcus oralis biofilm formation and dislodging sessile cells from medical grade titanium, but preserving adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblasts. The inhibitory activity of a R89BS coating on S. oralis biofilm formation was assayed by quantifying biofilm biomass and microbial cells on titanium discs incubated up to 72 h. R89BS dispersal activity was addressed by measuring residual biomass of pre-formed biofilms after rhamnolipid treatment up to 24 h. Adhesion and proliferation of human primary osteoblasts on R89BS-coated titanium were evaluated by cell count and adenosine-triphosphate quantification, while cell differentiation was studied by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and observing mineral deposition. Results showed that R89BS coating inhibited S. oralis biofilm formation by 80% at 72 h and dislodged 63-86% of pre-formed biofilms in 24 h according to concentration. No change in the adhesion of human osteoblasts was observed, whereas proliferation was reduced accompanied by an increase in cell differentiation. R89BS effectively counteracts S. oralis biofilm formation on titanium and preserves overall osteoblasts behavior representing a promising preventive strategy against biofilm-related peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Tambone
- Department of Industrial Engineering & BIOtech, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.T.); (S.C.); (G.N.); (F.T.)
| | - Chiara Ceresa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Alice Marchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Silvia Chiera
- Department of Industrial Engineering & BIOtech, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.T.); (S.C.); (G.N.); (F.T.)
| | - Adriano Anesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, 38122 Trento, Italy; (A.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Giandomenico Nollo
- Department of Industrial Engineering & BIOtech, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.T.); (S.C.); (G.N.); (F.T.)
| | - Iole Caola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, 38122 Trento, Italy; (A.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Michela Bosetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Letizia Fracchia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Paolo Ghensi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Francesco Tessarolo
- Department of Industrial Engineering & BIOtech, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.T.); (S.C.); (G.N.); (F.T.)
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Ramachandra SS, Wright P, Han P, Abdal‐hay A, Lee RSB, Ivanovski S. Evaluating models and assessment techniques for understanding oral biofilm complexity. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1377. [PMID: 37642488 PMCID: PMC10464519 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are three-dimensional (3D) complex entities initiating dental diseases and have been evaluated extensively in the scientific literature using several biofilm models and assessment techniques. The list of biofilm models and assessment techniques may overwhelm a novice biofilm researcher. This narrative review aims to summarize the existing literature on biofilm models and assessment techniques, providing additional information on selecting an appropriate model and corresponding assessment techniques, which may be useful as a guide to the beginner biofilm investigator and as a refresher to experienced researchers. The review addresses previously established 2D models, outlining their advantages and limitations based on the growth environment, availability of nutrients, and the number of bacterial species, while also exploring novel 3D biofilm models. The growth of biofilms on clinically relevant 3D models, particularly melt electrowritten fibrous scaffolds, is discussed with a specific focus that has not been previously reported. Relevant studies on validated oral microcosm models that have recently gaining prominence are summarized. The review analyses the advantages and limitations of biofilm assessment methods, including colony forming unit culture, crystal violet, 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt assays, confocal microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and next-generation sequencing. The use of more complex models with advanced assessment methodologies, subject to the availability of equipment/facilities, may help in developing clinically relevant biofilms and answering appropriate research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sulugodu Ramachandra
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryGulf Medical UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Patricia Wright
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Pingping Han
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Abdalla Abdal‐hay
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design, Faculty of EngineeringSouth Valley UniversityQenaEgypt
- Faculty of Industry and Energy Technology, Mechatronics Technology ProgramNew Cairo Technological University, New Cairo‐Fifth SettlementCairoEgypt
| | - Ryan S. B. Lee
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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9
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Afrasiabi S, Partoazar A, Chiniforush N. In vitro study of nanoliposomes containing curcumin and doxycycline for enhanced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11552. [PMID: 37464015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive inappropriate use of systemic antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which pose a significant risk to the success of treatment. This study has approached this problem by developing doxycycline-loaded liposome doped with curcumin (NL-Cur+Dox) for combination antibacterial therapy against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The characterization of formulation revealed encapsulation of both drugs in NL-Cur+Dox with an average size of 239 nm and sustained release behavior. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the vesicular-shaped nanocarriers without any aggregation or crystallization. The cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of NL-Cur+Dox were evaluated. The anti-biofilm and anti-metabolic effects of NL-Cur+Dox -mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) were examined. The data indicated that NL-Cur+Dox -mediated aPDT led to a significant reduction of biofilm (82.7%, p = 0.003) and metabolic activity (75%, p < 0.001) of A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to the control. NL-Cur+Dox had no significant cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblast cells under selected conditions (p = 0.074). In addition, the hemolytic activity of NL-Cur+Dox were negligible (< 5%). These findings demonstrate the potential application of such potent formulations in reducing one of the main bacteria causing periodontitis where the NL-Cur+Dox could be exploited to achieve an improved phototherapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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The Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin and Xanthohumol on Bacterial Biofilms Developed over Dental Implant Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032335. [PMID: 36768657 PMCID: PMC9917338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In search for natural products with antimicrobial properties for use in the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of curcumin and xanthohumol, using an in vitro multi-species dynamic biofilm model including Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial activities of curcumin (5 mM) and xanthohumol (100 μM) extracts, and the respective controls, were evaluated with 72-h biofilms formed over dental implants by their submersion for 60 seconds. The evaluation was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the data analysis, comparisons were tested applying ANOVA tests with post-hoc Bonferroni corrections to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both extracts. With qPCR, statistically significant reductions in bacterial counts were observed for curcumin and xanthohumol, when compared to the negative control. The results with CLSM and SEM were consistent with those reported with qPCR. It was concluded that both curcumin and xanthohumol have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the six bacterial species included in the dynamic in vitro biofilm model used.
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11
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Sousa V, Spratt D, Davrandi M, Mardas N, Beltrán V, Donos N. Oral Microcosm Biofilms Grown under Conditions Progressing from Peri-Implant Health, Peri-Implant Mucositis, and Peri-Implantitis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14088. [PMID: 36360970 PMCID: PMC9654334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a disease influenced by dysbiotic microbial communities that play a role in the short- and long-term outcomes of its clinical treatment. The ecological triggers that establish the progression from peri-implant mucositis to peri-implantitis remain unknown. This investigation describes the development of a novel in vitro microcosm biofilm model. Biofilms were grown over 30 days over machined titanium discs in a constant depth film fermentor (CDFF), which was inoculated (I) with pooled human saliva. Following longitudinal biofilm sampling across peri-implant health (PH), peri-implant mucositis (PM), and peri-implantitis (PI) conditions, the characterisation of the biofilms was performed. The biofilm analyses included imaging by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), selective and non-selective culture media of viable biofilms, and 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Bacterial qualitative shifts were observed by CLSM and SEM across conditions, which were defined by characteristic phenotypes. A total of 9 phyla, 83 genera, and 156 species were identified throughout the experiment. The phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria showed the highest prevalence in PI conditions. This novel in vitro microcosm model provides a high-throughput alternative for growing microcosm biofilms resembling an in vitro progression from PH-PM-PI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sousa
- Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dave Spratt
- Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mehmet Davrandi
- Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nikos Mardas
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Víctor Beltrán
- Clinical Investigation and Dental Innovation Center (CIDIC), Dental School and Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London E1 2AD, UK
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12
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Varjani S. Prospective review on bioelectrochemical systems for wastewater treatment: Achievements, hindrances and role in sustainable environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156691. [PMID: 35714749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a relatively new arena for producing bioelectricity, desalinating sea water, and treating industrial effluents by removing organic matter. Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are promising for obtaining value-added products during simultaneous remediation of pollutants from wastewater. The search for more affordable desalination technology has led to the development of microbial desalination cells (MDCs). MDC combines the operation of microbial fuel cells (MFC) with electrodialysis for water desalination and energy generation. It has received notable interest of researchers in desalination and wastewater treatment because of low energy requirement and eco-friendly nature. Firstly, this article provides a brief overview of MDC technology. Secondly, factors affecting functioning of MDC and its applications have been accentuated. Additionally, challenges and future outlook on the development of this technology have been delineated. State-of-the-art information provided in this review would expand the scope of interdisciplinary and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India.
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13
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Gómez PAM, Mendizábal MFR, Poma RDC, Cifuentes TVR, Quispe FMM, Torres DJM, Amaranto REB, Medina CAM, Contreras LAP. Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Abdulkareem A, Abdulbaqi H, Gul S, Milward M, Chasib N, Alhashimi R. Classic vs. Novel Antibacterial Approaches for Eradicating Dental Biofilm as Adjunct to Periodontal Debridement: An Evidence-Based Overview. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010009. [PMID: 35052887 PMCID: PMC8773342 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that affects tooth-supporting soft/hard tissues of the dentition. The dental plaque biofilm is considered as a primary etiological factor in susceptible patients; however, other factors contribute to progression, such as diabetes and smoking. Current management utilizes mechanical biofilm removal as the gold standard of treatment. Antibacterial agents might be indicated in certain conditions as an adjunct to this mechanical approach. However, in view of the growing concern about bacterial resistance, alternative approaches have been investigated. Currently, a range of antimicrobial agents and protocols have been used in clinical management, but these remain largely non-validated. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive antibiotic use in periodontal management and to compare them to recently suggested alternatives. Evidence from in vitro, observational and clinical trial studies suggests efficacy in the use of adjunctive antimicrobials in patients with grade C periodontitis of young age or where the associated risk factors are inconsistent with the amount of bone loss present. Meanwhile, alternative approaches such as photodynamic therapy, bacteriophage therapy and probiotics showed limited supportive evidence, and more studies are warranted to validate their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdulkareem
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hayder Abdulbaqi
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Sarhang Gul
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 40062, Iraq;
| | - Mike Milward
- College of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK;
| | - Nibras Chasib
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Raghad Alhashimi
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
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15
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Martínez M, Postolache TT, García-Bueno B, Leza JC, Figuero E, Lowry CA, Malan-Müller S. The Role of the Oral Microbiota Related to Periodontal Diseases in Anxiety, Mood and Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:814177. [PMID: 35153869 PMCID: PMC8833739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.814177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of anxiety, mood and trauma- and stress-related disorders are on the rise; however, efforts to develop new and effective treatment strategies have had limited success. To identify novel therapeutic targets, a comprehensive understanding of the disease etiology is needed, especially in the context of the holobiont, i.e., the superorganism consisting of a human and its microbiotas. Much emphasis has been placed on the role of the gut microbiota in the development, exacerbation, and persistence of psychiatric disorders; however, data for the oral microbiota are limited. The oral cavity houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, with over 700 bacterial species that colonize the soft and hard tissues. Periodontal diseases encompass a group of infectious and inflammatory diseases that affect the periodontium. Among them, periodontitis is defined as a chronic, multi-bacterial infection that elicits low-grade systemic inflammation via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as local invasion and long-distance translocation of periodontal pathogens. Periodontitis can also induce or exacerbate other chronic systemic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes and can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recently, periodontal pathogens have been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders (such as depression and schizophrenia), especially as dysregulation of the immune system also plays an integral role in the etiology and pathophysiology of these disorders. This review will discuss the role of the oral microbiota associated with periodontal diseases in anxiety, mood and trauma- and stress-related disorders. Epidemiological data of periodontal diseases in individuals with these disorders will be presented, followed by a discussion of the microbiological and immunological links between the oral microbiota and the central nervous system. Pre-clinical and clinical findings on the oral microbiota related to periodontal diseases in anxiety, mood and trauma- and stress-related phenotypes will be reviewed, followed by a discussion on the bi-directionality of the oral-brain axis. Lastly, we will focus on the oral microbiota associated with periodontal diseases as a target for future therapeutic interventions to alleviate symptoms of these debilitating psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases Research Group, University Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Neurochemistry Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases Research Group, University Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefanie Malan-Müller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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