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Tamura K, Kunoh T, Nakanishi M, Kusano Y, Takada J. Preparation and Characterization of Additional Metallic Element-Containing Tubular Iron Oxides of Bacterial Origin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27287-27294. [PMID: 33134691 PMCID: PMC7594126 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic microtubular iron oxides (BIOXs) derived from Leptothrix spp. are known as promising multifunctional materials for industrial applications such as ceramic pigments and catalyst carriers. Here, we report unprecedented BIOX products with additive depositions of various metallic elements prepared by a newly devised "two-step" method using an artificial culture system of Leptothrix cholodnii strain OUMS1; the method comprises a biotic formation of immature organic sheaths and subsequent abiotic deposition of Fe and intended elements on the sheaths. Chemical composition ratios of the additional elements Al, Zr, and Ti in the respective BIOXs were arbitrarily controllable depending on initial concentrations of metallic salts added to reaction solutions. Raman spectroscopy exemplified an existence of Fe-O-Al linkage in the Al-containing BIOX matrices. Time-course analyses revealed the underlying physiological mechanism for the BIOX formation. These results indicate that our advanced method can contribute greatly to creations of innovative bioderived materials with improved functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tamura
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Bengala
Techno-Lab, 1-19-5-1006
Miyamae, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 216-0007, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kunoh
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kusano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Jun Takada
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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River M, Richardson CJ. Stream transport of iron and phosphorus by authigenic nanoparticles in the Southern Piedmont of the U.S. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 130:312-321. [PMID: 29247947 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Authigenic nanoparticles containing iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) have been identified at the anoxic/oxic interface of various aquatic ecosystems, forming upon the oxidation of reduced Fe. Little is known about the prevalence of these authigenic nanoparticles in streams, their impact on biogeochemical fluxes, or the bioavailability of P associated with them. In this paper we used transmission electron microscopy to document the presence of authigenic (amorphous) nanoparticles, rich in Fe and P, in baseflow of streams in the Southern Piedmont region of the U.S. We used a simple centrifugation and ultrafiltration technique to separate authigenic nanoparticles from truly dissolved (<1 kDa) and crystalline mineral/coarse organic fractions in baseflow, employing three different quality control methods to verify a successful separation: X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and stoichiometry of Fe and aluminum. This allowed us to quantify the amount of Fe and P in three different fractions of baseflow: truly dissolved, authigenic nanoparticles, and crystalline mineral/coarse organic particles. For the rural and urban stream in our study, on average, authigenic nanoparticles in baseflow transport 66% of Fe, with baseflow concentrations ranging from 80 μg/L to 650 μg/L. Authigenic nanoparticles also transport an average of 38% of reactive P, depending upon seasonality and time elapsed since the last storm event.
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Conco T, Kumari S, Stenström T, Bux F. Epibiont growth on filamentous bacteria found in activated sludge: a morphological approach. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:493-503. [PMID: 29197951 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of epibiont attachment on filamentous bacteria is a common phenomenon in activated sludge. In this study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the intrinsic nature of the attachment between the epibionts and filamentous bacteria based on microscopic observations. Characterization of the epiflora based on fluorescence in situ hybridization using group level probes revealed that the epibionts colonizing these filamentous bacteria largely belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria, followed by Beta and Gammaproteobacteria. The ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscopy pointed to the existence of a possible cell-to-cell interaction between epibionts and the selected filaments. Common bacterial appendages such as pili and fimbria were absent at the interface and further noted was the presence of cell membrane extensions on epibiont bacteria protruding towards the targeted filamentous cell. Fibrillar structures resembling amyloid-like proteins were observed within the filament cells targeted by the epibionts. An interaction was apparent between amyloid such as proteins and epibionts with regards to the direction of fibrillar structures and the distance of approaching epibiont bacteria. Due to the lack of visual evidence in support of penetration, the role of these amyloid-like fibrils as potential attachment sites for the epibionts was taken into consideration, and required further validation using conformational antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thobela Conco
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, 4001, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Thor Stenström
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, 4001, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, 4001, South Africa
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Suga H, Kikuchi S, Takeichi Y, Miyamoto C, Miyahara M, Mitsunobu S, Ohigashi T, Mase K, Ono K, Takahashi Y. Spatially Resolved Distribution of Fe Species around Microbes at the Submicron Scale in Natural Bacteriogenic Iron Oxides. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:283-287. [PMID: 28781344 PMCID: PMC5606699 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bacteriogenic iron oxides (BIOS) were investigated using local-analyzable synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) with a submicron-scale resolution. Cell, cell sheath interface (EPS), and sheath in the BIOS were clearly depicted using C-, N-, and O- near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) obtained through STXM measurements. Fe-NEXAFS obtained from different regions of BIOS indicated that the most dominant iron mineral species was ferrihydrite. Fe(II)- and/or Fe(III)-acidic polysaccharides accompanied ferrihydrite near the cell and EPS regions. Our STXM/NEXAFS analysis showed that Fe species change continuously between the cell, EPS, and sheath under several 10-nm scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Suga
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science (DEPSS), Hiroshima UniversityHigashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526Japan
| | - Sakiko Kikuchi
- Project Team for Development of New-Generation Research Protocol for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237–0061Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeichi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0801Japan
- Department of Materials Structure Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)1–1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0801Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoBunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyahara
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science (DEPSS), Hiroshima UniversityHigashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitsunobu
- Department of Environmental Conservation, Graduate school of Agriculture, Ehime UniversityTarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790–8577Japan
| | - Takuji Ohigashi
- UVSOR facility, Institute for Molecular ScienceMyodaiji, Okazaki 444–8585Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0801Japan
- Department of Materials Structure Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)1–1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0801Japan
| | - Kanta Ono
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0801Japan
- Department of Materials Structure Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)1–1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0801Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science (DEPSS), Hiroshima UniversityHigashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0801Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of TokyoBunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113–0033Japan
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Kunoh T, Nagaoka N, McFarlane IR, Tamura K, El-Naggar MY, Kunoh H, Takada J. Dissociation and Re-Aggregation of Multicell-Ensheathed Fragments Responsible for Rapid Production of Massive Clumps of Leptothrix Sheaths. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5030032. [PMID: 27490579 PMCID: PMC5037351 DOI: 10.3390/biology5030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Species of the Fe/Mn-oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix produce tremendous amounts of microtubular, Fe/Mn-encrusted sheaths within a few days in outwells of groundwater that can rapidly clog water systems. To understand this mode of rapid sheath production and define the timescales involved, behaviors of sheath-forming Leptothrix sp. strain OUMS1 were examined using time-lapse video at the initial stage of sheath formation. OUMS1 formed clumps of tangled sheaths. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a thin layer of bacterial exopolymer fibrils around catenulate cells (corresponding to the immature sheath). In time-lapse videos, numerous sheath filaments that extended from the periphery of sheath clumps repeatedly fragmented at the apex of the same fragment, the fragments then aggregated and again elongated, eventually forming a large sheath clump comprising tangled sheaths within two days. In this study, we found that fast microscopic fragmentation, dissociation, re-aggregation and re-elongation events are the basis of the rapid, massive production of Leptothrix sheaths typically observed at macroscopic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kunoh
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ian R McFarlane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Katsunori Tamura
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
| | - Mohamed Y El-Naggar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Hitoshi Kunoh
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
| | - Jun Takada
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
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Kunoh T, Suzuki T, Shiraishi T, Kunoh H, Takada J. Treatment of leptothrix cells with ultrapure water poses a threat to their viability. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:50-66. [PMID: 25634812 PMCID: PMC4381217 DOI: 10.3390/biology4010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Leptothrix, a type of Fe/Mn-oxidizing bacteria, is characterized by its formation of an extracellular and microtubular sheath. Although almost all sheaths harvested from natural aquatic environments are hollow, a few chained bacterial cells are occasionally seen within some sheaths of young stage. We previously reported that sheaths of Leptothrix sp. strain OUMS1 cultured in artificial media became hollow with aging due to spontaneous autolysis within the sheaths. In this study, we investigated environmental conditions that lead the OUMS1 cells to die. Treatment of the cells with ultrapure water or acidic buffers (pH 6.0) caused autolysis of the cells. Under these conditions, the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of cells were drastically damaged, resulting in leakage of intracellular electrolytes and relaxation of genomic DNA. The autolysis was suppressed by the presence of Ca2+. The hydrolysis of peptidoglycan by the lysozyme treatment similarly caused autolysis of the cells and was suppressed also by the presence of Ca2+. However, it remains unclear whether the acidic pH-dependent autolysis is attributable to damage of peptidoglycan. It was observed that L. discophora strain SP-6 cells also underwent autolysis when suspended in ultrapure water; it is however, uncertain whether this phenomenon is common among other members of the genus Leptothrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kunoh
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | | | - Hitoshi Kunoh
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Jun Takada
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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