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Synthesis of Tetrapeptides Containing Dehydroalanine, Dehydrophenylalanine and Oxazole as Building Blocks for Construction of Foldamers and Bioinspired Catalysts. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092611. [PMID: 35565962 PMCID: PMC9102237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of dehydroamino acid or fragments of oxazole into peptide chain is accompanied by a distorted three-dimensional structure and additionally enables the introduction of non-typical side-chain substituents. Thus, such compounds could be building blocks for obtaining novel foldamers and/or artificial enzymes (artzymes). In this paper, effective synthetic procedures leading to such building blocks-tetrapeptides containing glycyldehydroalanine, glycyldehydrophenylalanine, and glycyloxazole subunits-are described. Peptides containing serine were used as substrates for their conversion into peptides containing dehydroalanine and aminomethyloxazole-4-carboxylic acid while considering possible requirements for the introduction of these fragments into long-chain peptides at the last steps of synthesis.
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Lenartowicz P, Dziuk B, Zarychta B, Makowski M, Kafarski P. Michael additions to double bonds of esters of N-protected (s)-phenylalanyldehydroalanine (X-(s)-Phe-ΔAla-OMe) and its phosphonic acid counterpart (X-(s)-Phe-ΔAla-PO(OEt)2). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1308933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Opole, Poland
| | | | | | - Paweł Kafarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Lenartowicz P, Makowski M, Oszywa B, Haremza K, Latajka R, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Addition of thiols to the double bond of dipeptide C-terminal dehydroalanine as a source of new inhibitors of cathepsin C. Biochimie 2017; 139:46-55. [PMID: 28528273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Addition of thiols to double bond of glycyl-dehydroalanine and phenyl-dehydroalanine esters provided micromolar inhibitors of cathepsin C. The structure-activity studies indicated that dipeptides containing N-terminal phenylalanine exhibit higher affinity towards the enzyme. A series of C-terminal S-substituted cysteines are responsible for varying interaction with S1 binding pocket of cathepsin C. Depending on diastereomer these compounds most likely act as slowly reacting substrates or competitive inhibitors. This was proved by TLC analysis of the medium in which interaction of methyl (S)-phenylalanyl-(R,S)-(S-adamantyl)cysteinate (7i) with the enzyme was studied. Molecular modeling enabled to establish their mode of binding showed that S2 pocket is long and narrow and accommodates phenyl group of phenylalanine while significantly spacious sites located at the surface of the enzyme (one of them being S1 pocket) bind the adamantyl moiety oriented in different direction for each stereoisomer. Finally replacement of carboxymethyl moiety of methyl (S)-phenylalanyl-(R,S)-(S-phenyl)cysteinate (7c) with nitrile group provided about 650-times more potent inhibitor of cathepsin C indicating that the studied C-terminal S-substituted cysteines are good activity probes for S1 binding pocket of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Lenartowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Maciej Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Bartosz Oszywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Kinga Haremza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kafarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Makowski M, Lenartowicz P, Oszywa B, Jewgiński M, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Synthesis of dehydrodipeptide esters and their evaluation as inhibitors of cathepsin C. Med Chem Res 2015; 24:3157-3165. [PMID: 26190908 PMCID: PMC4500854 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The procedures for the synthesis of esters of dehydropeptides containing C-terminal (Z)-dehydrophenylalanine and dehydroalanine have been elaborated. These esters appeared to be moderate or weak inhibitors of cathepsin C, with some of them exhibiting slow-binding behavior. As shown by molecular modeling, they are rather bound at the surface of the enzyme and are not submersed in its binding cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Makowski
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Paweł Lenartowicz
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Bartosz Oszywa
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- />Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kafarski
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
- />Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Lenartowicz P, Makowski M, Zarychta B, Ejsmont K. Crystal structure of N-(tert-but-oxy-carbon-yl)glycyl-(Z)-β-bromo-dehydro-alanine methyl ester [Boc-Gly-(β-Br)((Z))ΔAla-OMe]. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:596-8. [PMID: 25553002 PMCID: PMC4257433 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814025677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C11H17BrN2O5, is a de-hydro-amino acid with a C=C bond between the α- and β-C atoms. The amino acid residues are linked trans to each other and there are no strong intra-molecular hydrogen bonds. The torsion angles indicate a non-helical conformation of the mol-ecule. The dipeptide folding is influenced by an inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond and also minimizes steric repulsion. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by strong N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating (001) sheets. The sheets are linked by weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Br bonds and short Br⋯Br [3.4149 (3) Å] inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Lenartowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Maciej Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zarychta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ejsmont
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Lenartowicz P, Makowski M, Zarychta B, Ejsmont K. Crystal structure of N-(tert-but-oxy-carbon-yl)phenyl-alanylde-hydro-alanine isopropyl ester (Boc-Phe-ΔAla-OiPr). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:599-602. [PMID: 25553003 PMCID: PMC4257372 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814025197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the crystal structure of the dehydrodipeptide (Boc-Phe-ΔAla-OiPr), the molecule has a trans configuration of the N-methylamide group. Its geometry is different from saturated peptides but is in excellent agreement with other dehydroalanine compounds. In the crystal, an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond links the molecules in a herringbone packing arrangement. In the title compound, the dehydrodipeptide (Boc–Phe–ΔAla–OiPr, C20H28N2O5), the molecule has a trans conformation of the N-methylamide group. The geometry of the dehydroalanine moiety is to some extent different from those usually found in simple peptides, indicating conjugation between the H2C=C group and the peptide bond. The bond angles around dehydroalanine have unusually high values due to the steric hindrance, the same interaction influencing the slight distortion from planarity of the dehydroalanine. The molecule is stabilized by intramolecular interactions between the isopropyl group and the N atoms of the peptide main chain. In the crystal, an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond links the molecules into ribbons, giving a herringbone head-to-head packing arrangement extending along the [100] direction. In the stacks, the molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Lenartowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Maciej Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zarychta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ejsmont
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Bravo MJ, Ceder RM, Muller G, Rocamora M. New Enantiopure P,P-Bidentate Bis(diamidophosphite) Ligands. Application in Asymmetric Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400119q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maritza J. Bravo
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ceder
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Muller
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Rocamora
- Departament de Quı́mica
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martı́ i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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Cosnier F, Brochard C, Burgart M, Cossec B. Mercapturic acids derived from toluene in rat urine samples: identification and measurement by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1907-17. [PMID: 22829455 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toluene is one of the most widely used CMR chemicals in industry. Worker exposure to this compound is regulated in France, but new, more sensitive methods are required to effectively monitor this exposure. A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated for the simultaneous determination of urinary toluene mercapturic acids derived from side chain and ring oxidation, i.e., benzylmercapturic acid and the three isomers o-, m- and p-toluylmercapturic acids, respectively. The method involves a simple and efficient two-step preparation procedure consisting of liquid-liquid extraction of the urinary acids followed by a microwave-assisted esterification of the isolated compounds using 2-propanol. The method meets all the required validation criteria: high selectivity, intra-day and inter-day precision ranges between 1.0 % and 12.4 %, with close to 100 % recovery. Linearity has been shown over the reduced concentration range 0.03-0.5 mg/L whereas a multiplicative model (ln-ln transformation) had to be used to describe the full range of concentrations 0.03-20 mg/L. The limits of detection for the four analytes, ranging from 2.8 to 5.5 μg/L, made the method suitable for their identification and quantification in urine from rats inhaling toluene in the 2 to 200 ppm concentration range. All urine samples from exposed rats contained measurable amounts of all metabolites. This is the first time that o- and m-toluylmercapturic acids have been shown to occur. Our results confirm the hypothesis that toluene mercapturic acids derived from ring oxidation exist in three forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandoeuvre, France.
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Cossec B, Cosnier F, Burgart M, Nunge H, Grossmann S. Glutathione pathway in ethylbenzene metabolism: novel biomarkers of exposure in the rat. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:1334-1341. [PMID: 20825968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione pathway was specifically studied in rats exposed by inhalation to a range of ethylbenzene vapours (5-2000 ppm). Urines were collected during exposure (6h) and over the 18 h following the exposure. The potential metabolites coming from either side-chain or ring oxidation were synthesized: 1-, 2-phenylethylmercapturic acids (1-, and 2-PEMA) and 2-, 3- and 4-ethylphenylmercapturic acids (2-, 3-, and 4-EPMA). Their synthesis was fully described and the molecules characterized. Urine samples were analysed using a selective HPLC-fluorescence method. Among the five metabolites, 2-PEMA was never observed in any urine sample. By contrast, 1-PEMA was discovered in its two diastereomeric forms, and it was shown that one of them was mainly present. 2-EPMA, 3-EPMA and 4-EPMA (in the ratio 1:2:6) were also found, and their combined excretion levels were similar to that of 1-PEMA. The atmospheric concentrations and urinary excretions yielded very close correlations which allow us to consider these mercapturic acids as novel ethylbenzene exposure biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Cossec
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Rue du Morvan CS 60027, Vandoeuvre, 54519 Cedex, France.
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KrouzÌelka J, Linhart I. Preparation of Arylmercapturic Acids byS-Arylation ofN,Nâ²-Diacetylcystine. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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