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Sirca TB, Mureșan ME, Pallag A, Marian E, Jurca T, Vicaș LG, Tunduc IP, Manole F, Ștefan L. The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2962. [PMID: 38474211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Modulating PON1 expression might be a treatment objective with significant results in limiting the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle including diet and exercise can raise its levels, and some beneficial plants have been found to influence PON1 levels; therefore, more studies on herbal components are needed. Our purpose is to highlight the principal roles of Praoxonase 1, its implications in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other diseases, and to emphasize plants that can modulate PON1 expression, targeting the potential of some flavonoids that could be introduced as supplements in our diet and to validate the hypothesis that flavonoids have any effects regarding PON1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Bianca Sirca
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mariana Eugenia Mureșan
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Annamaria Pallag
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tunde Jurca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Laura Grațiela Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana Paula Tunduc
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Bihor, Gheorghe Doja Street 65-67, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Felicia Manole
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Liana Ștefan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Goswami K, Badruddeen, Arif M, Akhtar J, Khan MI, Ahmad M. Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids and others Bioactives for Insulin Sensitizations. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e270423216247. [PMID: 37102490 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230427095200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition that has an impact on a huge part of the world. Both animals and humans have been demonstrated to benefit from natural goods, and organisms (animals, or microbes). In 2021, approximately 537 million adults (20-79 years) are living with diabetes, making it the one of the biggest cause of death worldwide. Various phytoconstituent preserved β- cells activity helps to prevent the formation of diabetes problems. As a result, β-cells mass and function are key pharmaceutical targets. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of flavonoids' effects on pancreatic β-cells. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to improve insulin release in cell lines of isolated pancreatic islets and diabetic animal models. Flavonoids are thought to protect β-cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, inhibiting nitric oxide production, and lowering reactive oxygen species levels. Flavonoids boost β-cells secretory capacity by improving mitochondrial bioenergetic function and increasing insulin secretion pathways. Some of the bioactive phytoconstituents such as S-methyl cysteine sulfoxides stimulate insulin synthesis in the body and increase pancreatic output. The berberine increased insulin secretion in the HIT-T15 and Insulinoma 6 (MIN6) mouse cell line. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate protects against toxicity accrued by cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hyperglycemia. Quercetin has been proven to boost insulin production by Insulinoma 1 (INS-1) cells and also protect cell apoptosis. Overall flavonoids have beneficial effects on β-cells by prevented their malfunctioning or degradation and improving synthesis or release of insulin from β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Goswami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
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Pateiro M, Domínguez R, Munekata PES, Nieto G, Bangar SP, Dhama K, Lorenzo JM. Bioactive Compounds from Leaf Vegetables as Preservatives. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030637. [PMID: 36766166 PMCID: PMC9914076 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trends toward a healthier diet are increasing attention to clean-label products. This has led to the search for new ingredients that avoid the use of chemical additives. Food industries are responding to these demands by incorporating natural preservatives into their products, which consumers perceive as healthy. Leafy vegetables would fit this strategy since they are common components of the diet and are associated with beneficial health effects. The objective of this chapter is to offer an overview of the large number of bioactive compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, and sulfur compounds) present in these plants, which would be responsible for their activity as potential preservatives. Its incorporation into food would improve the quality and extend the shelf life by reducing oxidative processes and inhibiting or retarding the microbial growth that occurs during processing and storage without reducing the organoleptic characteristics of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30071 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly 243122, India
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Area de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Gana LP, Etsassala NGER, Nchu F. Interactive Effects of Water Deficiency and Endophytic Beauveria bassiana on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Secondary Metabolite Contents, and Antioxidant Activity of Allium cepa L. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080874. [PMID: 36012864 PMCID: PMC9410019 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this research study was to assess the interactive effects of water deficiency and the inoculation of a growth medium with Beauveria bassiana on plant growth, nutrient uptake, secondary metabolite contents, and antioxidant capacity of Allium cepa. A. cepa seedlings were simultaneously exposed to one of three watering regime treatments (3-day, 5-day, and 7-day watering intervals) and B. bassiana or no-fungus treatment. While the longest watering interval induced reduced plant growth, plants inoculated with B. bassiana had better results than those in the no-fungus treatment. Significant interactive effects (DF = 2.0; p < 0.05) between fungus and the watering regime on P, K, and Fe contents were observed. Remarkably, at the 7-day watering interval, the polyphenol content (64.0 mg GAE/L) was significantly higher in the plants treated with B. bassiana than in the no-fungus-treated plants. The watering interval significantly affected (DF = 2, 6; F = 7.4; p < 0.05) total flavonol contents among the fungus-treated plants. The interaction of the watering interval and B. bassiana inoculation (DF = 2.0; F = 3.8; p < 0.05) significantly influenced the flavonol content in the onion bulbs and the antioxidant activities of onion bulbs in the FRAP assay (DF = 2.0; F = 4.1; p < 0.05).
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Li JJ, Li YX, Li N, Zhu HT, Wang D, Zhang YJ. The genus Rumex (Polygonaceae): an ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:21. [PMID: 35710954 PMCID: PMC9203642 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rumex L., a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species, is growing widely around the world. Some Rumex species, called "sorrel" or "dock", have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries. To date, 29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances, including anthraquinones, flavonoids, naphthalenes, stilbenes, diterpene alkaloids, terpenes, lignans, and tannins. Crude extract of Rumex spp. and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities. Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future. This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022, fetched from SciFinder, Web of Science, ResearchGate, CNKI and Google Scholar, using "Rumex" as a search term ("all fields") with no specific time frame set for the search. Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution, edible parts, traditional uses, chemical research and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Feduraev P, Skrypnik L, Nebreeva S, Dzhobadze G, Vatagina A, Kalinina E, Pungin A, Maslennikov P, Riabova A, Krol O, Chupakhina G. Variability of Phenolic Compound Accumulation and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Plants of Some Rumex Species (Polygonaceae). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020311. [PMID: 35204194 PMCID: PMC8868549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, more than ever, the search for non-trivial sources of biologically active substances is critical. Plants of the genus Rumex are noteworthy. Plants of this genus stand out for a number of advantages from the dominant plant core of meadow phytocenoses of the temperate climatic zone: a short growing season, an intensive increase in biomass, and undemanding growth conditions. In addition, this plant genus is known as a super-producer of secondary phenolic compounds. The wide distribution and intensive synthesis of biologically active substances make plants from the genus Rumex a promising object for study. Seven species of the genus Rumex (R. acetosa, R. acetosella, R. confertus, R. crispus, R. maritimus, R.obtusifolius, and R. sanguineus) were analyzed. Plants were collected under relatively uniform growing conditions. For subsequent extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds, as well as antioxidant activity, plants leaves were used. R. acetosella, R. crispus, R. maritimus, R. obtusifolius, and R. sanguineus were characterized by a high total content of phenolic compounds (111–131 mg g–1). The maximum content of flavonoids was found in the leaves of R. maritimus and R. acetosella. At the same time, according to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis, derivatives of flavones (apigenin and luteolin) predominated in the leaves of R. acetosella, while in other species, mainly derivatives of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) were identified. Plants of R. acetosa, in comparison with other studied species, were characterized by a lower content of the studied groups of phenolic compounds, with the exception of hydroxycinnamic acids, the content of which in this species was comparable to the content of flavonoids. The maximum content of catechins was found in R. sanguineus; proanthocyanidins—in R. sanguineus, R. obtusifolius, and R. crispus; and tannins—in R. obtusifolius. Extracts from R. crispus were characterized by high antioxidant activity, measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In addition, the assessment of the phenolic profile of the plant made it possible to group the plants within the framework of cluster analysis. The distribution pattern in the clusters corresponded to the generally accepted taxonomy, with a characteristic division into subgenera (Acetosa, Acetosella, and Rumex). Thus, the phenolic profile can be considered as an additional instrumental approach when drawing up a systematic hierarchy.
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Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the selected edible flowers grown in Poland. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the selected edible flowers grown in Poland. A significant variation was observed in the both antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Marigold flowers were characterized by the highest total phenolic content (89.22 mg GEA/g dry weight). In turn, begonia flowers exhibited the highest total flavonoids and phenolic acids content (21.96 mg QE/g dry weight, and 8.60 mg CAE/g dry weight, respectively). Taking into account the type of flowers, begonia and marigold flowers were the richest in phenolic acids. Caffeic and p-coumaric acids were the most frequent ones in the edible flowers grown in Poland. While gallic and p-coumaric acids were the prevalent ones in terms of their content. The begonia and marigold flowers contained quercetin and kaempferol, while hesperetin and naringenin were present in the chives flowers. The marigold flowers were characterized by a particularly high content of quercetin, and also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity. The methanolic extracts of marigold and begonia flowers were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity, reducing activity, as well as the highest ability to neutralize free radicals.
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Altındağ F, Rağbetli MÇ, Özdek U, Koyun N, Ismael Alhalboosi JK, Elasan S. Combined treatment of sinapic acid and ellagic acid attenuates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112443. [PMID: 34329744 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of individual and combined treatment of sinapic acid (SA) and ellagic acid (EA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into eight groups (n = 7): Normal Control, Diabetic Control, Diabetic + Sinapic Acid, Diabetic + Ellagic Acid, Diabetic + Sinapic Acid + Ellagic Acid, Sinapic Acid, Ellagic Acid and Sinapic Acid + Ellagic Acid. Diabetic groups were injected with a single dose of 50 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneally. Rats received 20 mg/kg/day SA and 50 mg/kg/day EA intragastrically for 28 days. The numerical density of immunopositive β-cells and volume density of pancreatic islets were calculated. Additionally, glucose and insulin levels in serum, MDA, GSH, and CAT levels of pancreatic tissue were measured. While serum glucose levels increased, serum insulin levels decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats. But these changes in glucose and insulin were restored by individual and combined treatments of SA and EA. Also, individual and combined treatments of SA and EA increased insulin expression of β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, these compounds improved deteriorating oxidative stress parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Our study indicates that SA and EA, especially their combined treatments, can be used as an antihyperglycemic agent in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Altındağ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Murat Çetin Rağbetli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Uğur Özdek
- Van Vocational Higher School of Healthcare Studies, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University,Van, Turkey
| | - Necat Koyun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Sadi Elasan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antiacetylcholinesterase, and Cytotoxic Activities of Rumex crispus L. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:6675436. [PMID: 34306086 PMCID: PMC8272662 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6675436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumex crispus L. (R. crispus) is regarded as an aromatic plant. It was used for its excellent biological properties in traditional medicine. The aerial part was extracted successively by maceration with three solvents increasing polarity (cyclohexane (CYH), dichloromethane (DCM), and methanol (MeOH)) to evaluate their chemical compositions and biological activities. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds (13.0 to 249.8 mg GAE/g of dry weight (dw)). The MeOH extract has presented remarkable IC50 = 6.2 μg/mL for anti-DPPH and 31.6 μg/mL for anti-AChE. However, the DCM extract has the highest cytotoxic activity against the two cancer cells (HCT-116 and MCF-7) (69.2 and 77.2% inhibition at 50 μg/mL, respectively). Interestingly, GC-MS analysis enabled to identify three new compounds in R. crispus extracts, such as L-(−)-arabitol (5), D-(−) fructopyranose (7) detected only in MeOH extract, and 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (3) detected in all extracts. For HPLC chromatograms, cardamonin (8), 5-hydroxy-3′-methoxyflavone (17), and 3′-hydroxy-b-naphthoflavone (18) showed the highest concentrations of 74.0, 55.5, and 50.4 mg/g of dw, respectively, among others who are identified. Some phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC in more than one organic extract, such as 4′, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (13), 4′, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (14), 5-hydroxy-3′-methoxyflavone (17), and 3′-hydroxy-b-naphthoflavone (18), were found for the first time in the R. crispus extracts. Our results showed that the biological activities of this plant might be linked to their phenolic compounds and that the polar extracts could be considered as new natural supplements to be used in food and pharmaceuticals.
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Zhang F, Zheng J, Li Z, Cai Z, Wang F, Yang D. Purification, Characterization, and Self-Assembly of the Polysaccharide from Allium schoenoprasum. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061352. [PMID: 34208119 PMCID: PMC8230776 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major polysaccharide component from the stalk of Allium schoenoprasum (AssP) was extracted and purified. Gel filtration chromatography purified AssP exhibited a molecular weight of around 1.7 kDa, which was verified by MALDI-ToF-MS. The monosaccharide analysis revealed its composition as rhamnose: arabinose: galactose: glucose: mannose: fructose with a molar ratio of 0.03:2.46:3.71:3.35:1.00:9.93, respectively. The Congo-red assay indicated that there was no tertiary structure of this polysaccharide, however, it self-assembled into a homogenous nanoparticle with a diameter of ~600 nm as revealed by the dynamic light scattering measurement. The solution behavior of this polysaccharide was simulated. The association of this polysaccharide was both time dependent and concentration dependent. AssP forms spherical particles spontaneously as time passes by, and when the AssP concentration increased, the spherical particles increased their sizes and eventually merged into cylindrical micelles. The diversity of AssP hydrodynamic behavior endowed potential versatility in its future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Jun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Zeyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Zixuan Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
- Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua 225700, China
| | - Fengqiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
- Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua 225700, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6273-7129
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Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Proanthocyanidins from Fagopyrum dibotrys. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092417. [PMID: 33919259 PMCID: PMC8122523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are natural glycosidase inhibitors with excellent antioxidant activity. This study aims to search for a new source of proanthocyanidins for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes with higher content and better activity and get their structure elucidated. First, the total proanthocyanidins contents (TOPCs), antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity of seven common Polygonaceae plants were analyzed and compared. Then proanthocyanidins from the rhizome of Fagopyrum dibotrys were purified, and the detailed structure was comprehensively analyzed by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The rhizome of F. dibotrys showed the highest TOPCs, the strongest antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities; the TOPCs, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were all very significantly positively correlated. Proanthocyanidins purified from the rhizome of F. dibotrys showed better antidiabetic activity than grape seed proanthocyanidins (GsPs). Seventy-two proanthocyanidins from trimer to undecamer with a mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of about 5.02 ± 0.21 were identified with catechin and epicatechin as the dominant monomers. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidins are the main antioxidant and antidiabetic active substances of F. dibotrys and are expected to be developed into potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic products.
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Takim K, Yigin A, Koyuncu I, Kaya R, Gülçin İ. Anticancer, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities of tunceli garlic (Allium tuncelianum): determining its phytochemical content by LC–MS/MS analysis. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Janarny G, Gunathilake KDPP, Ranaweera KKDS. Nutraceutical potential of dietary phytochemicals in edible flowers-A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13642. [PMID: 33533514 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Edible flowers have been in traditional cuisine and phytotherapy for centuries. Recently, the consumption of edible flowers has increased significantly as the phytochemicals in them are known to have numerous health benefits. Information on nutraceutical potentials and health benefits of the phytochemicals available in different varieties of edible flowers and their uses are discussed. It is found that the major groups of dietary phytochemicals in edible flowers include flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins and they are capable of exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective gastroprotective, and genoprotective effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Edible flowers are good sources of phytochemicals and possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and cardio-protective properties. However, many edible flowers remain unexplored and underutilized. This review gives eye openings that more in-depth investigations need to be conducted on different edible flowers and they need to be incorporated into commercialized foods and drugs or need to be used for novel nutraceutical development to deliver the potential health benefits to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesamoorthy Janarny
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Bukvicki D, Gottardi D, Prasad S, Novakovic M, Marin PD, Tyagi AK. The Healing Effects of Spices in Chronic Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4401-4420. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180831145800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spices are not only just herbs used in culinary for improving the taste of dishes,
they are also sources of a numerous bioactive compounds significantly beneficial for health.
They have been used since ancient times because of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory
and carminative properties. Several scientific studies have suggested their protective role
against chronic diseases. In fact, their active compounds may help in arthritis, neurodegenerative
disorders (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
etc.), diabetes, sore muscles, gastrointestinal problems and many more. In the present study,
possible roles of spices and their active components, in chronic diseases (cancer, arthritis,
cardiovascular diseases, etc.) along with their mechanism of action have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka Bukvicki
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Miroslav Novakovic
- University of Belgrade, National Institute, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar D. Marin
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amit Kumar Tyagi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States
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P. F. Guiné R, Florença SG, Villalobos Moya K, Anjos O. Edible Flowers, Old Tradition or New Gastronomic Trend: A First Look at Consumption in Portugal versus Costa Rica. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080977. [PMID: 32717894 PMCID: PMC7466067 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the knowledge and use of edible flowers (EF) in two countries, Portugal, in Europe, and Costa Rica, in Latin America, and aimed to evaluate the similarities and/or differences regarding the utilization of EF in gastronomy. This work consisted of a questionnaire survey, undertaken on a sample of 290 participants. The results indicate that most people surveyed (87%) have heard about EF but believe there is not enough information about them (96%). Only one third of participants consider there are risks associated with the consumption of EF, being those related to toxicity and pesticides. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between participants from the two countries but not with different professional areas. About half (48%) of the participants had already consumed EF, mostly for decoration or confection of dishes (77% positive answers) and in salads (75%). The flowers consumed most frequently were chamomile and rose, respectively, in Costa Rica and Portugal. Reasons pointed out to consume EF include decoration, taste, novelty and aroma, while aspects such as nutritional value or antioxidant capacity are prized by fewer consumers. EF were mostly acquired in supermarkets, cultivated at home or collected in the wild. In general, most participants (85%) consider the use of EF in gastronomy interesting, but less than one third (27%) believe we should eat EF more often. Finally, discriminant function analysis revealed that country was the variable for which the differences in the consumption of EF was more pronounced, while education level and age group showed the lowest variability between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Sofia G. Florença
- Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-465 Portugal;
| | | | - Ofélia Anjos
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-272-339-900
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Ahn JH, Kim J, Rehman NU, Kim HJ, Ahn MJ, Chung HJ. Effect of Rumex Acetosa Extract, a Herbal Drug, on the Absorption of Fexofenadine. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060547. [PMID: 32545588 PMCID: PMC7355497 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal drugs are widely used for the auxiliary treatment of diseases. The pharmacokinetics of a drug may be altered when it is coadministered with herbal drugs that can affect drug absorption. The effects of herbal drugs on absorption must be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rumex acetosa (R. acetosa) extract on fexofenadine absorption. Fexofenadine was selected as a model drug that is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Emodine—the major component of R. acetosa extract—showed P-gp inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Uptake of fexofenadine via OATP1A2 was inhibited by R. acetosa extract in OATP1A2 transfected cells. A pharmacokinetic study showed that the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of fexofenadine was smaller in the R. acetosa extract coadministered group than in the control group. R. acetosa extract also decreased aqueous solubility of fexofenadine HCl. The results of this study suggest that R. acetosa extract could inhibit the absorption of certain drugs via intervention in the aqueous solubility and the drug transporters. Therefore, R. acetosa extract may cause drug interactions when coadministered with substrates of drug transporters and poorly water-soluble drugs, although further clinical studies are needed.
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Abdalla MA, Zidorn C. The genus Tragopogon (Asteraceae): A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112466. [PMID: 31837413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Species of Tragopogon are used in traditional medicine, and consumed as vegetables across the world. In terms of the medicinal uses of Tragopogon, different species have found use in traditional medicine, including uses for wound-healing, treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatic complaints, cancer, kidney and liver dysfunction, inflamed skin and certain cutaneous diseases, as well as constipation, fatigue and anoxia. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to highlight and critically summarize those species of the genus that have been studied as a source of interesting lead compounds, and their traditional uses and bioactivities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive and systematic review of literature on traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of the genus Tragopogon was carried out. Information was retrieved from secondary databases such as Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Services (Scifinder), Pubmed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, in addition to primary sources including books, PhD and MSc dissertations, and official websites. Species names were validated using "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS The taxa of the genus Tragopogon are known for their local and traditional uses as medicine for treatment of various diseases, and have been consumed as vegetables and snacks for generations in Eurasia, the Mediterranean, Caucasus, Europe and North America. From the approximately 110 species of Tragopogon, only twelve species have been scientifically evaluated for their bioactivity and/or phytochemical composition. Tragopogon species are a rich source of phytochemical constituents and among those that have been identified are 19 flavonoids, 35 terpenoids, seven bibenzyl derivatives, five benzylphtalides, six stilbenes, nine dihydroisocoumarin derivatives, nine phenylmethane derivatives, three hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, four phenylpropane derivatives, four esters of phenylpropanoic acids, a coumarin derivative, and a spermine derivative. Various extracts of the taxa, in addition to the isolated compounds, demonstrated pharmacological properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities, in addition to hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidaemic and wound-healing properties. CONCLUSION This review highlights the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the few studied taxa of the genus Tragopogon. Some of the reviewed papers were not of an appropriate methodological standard. For instance, phytochemical profiles were not determined, and the fundamental requirements of the pharmacological properties were not defined such as including appropriate positive and negative controls, and calculating the MIC values. Furthermore, these studies did not provide an in depth evaluation of bioactivity of the extracts and the isolated compounds or in vivo experiments which could indicate therapeutic relevance. From a phytopharmacological point of view, this review recommends more high quality evidence-based research on Tragopogon species for further development of plant-derived remedies and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Ali Abdalla
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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Cojocaru A, Vlase L, Munteanu N, Stan T, Teliban GC, Burducea M, Stoleru V. Dynamic of Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Yield of Rhubarb under Chemical, Organic and Biological Fertilization. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030355. [PMID: 32168814 PMCID: PMC7154833 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rhubarb is being increasingly cultivated, as it provides early yields when the vegetables supply to market is deficient and shows high levels of both polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity in edible parts. In 2017, we investigated crops of the rhubarb cultivar Victoria to the fifth year of production. Comparisons were performed between three root phase fertilizations-chemical (NPK 16-16-16®), organic (Orgevit®), and biological (Micoseeds MB®)-plus an unfertilized control. The determinations of polyphenols, the antioxidant capacity, and the yield indicators from the stalks (petioles) of rhubarb were made at each out of the 10 harvests carried out. The highest yield (59.16 t·ha-1) was recorded under the chemical fertilization. The total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity varied widely from 533.86 mg GAE·g-1 d.w. and 136.86 mmol Trolox·g-1 d.w., respectively in the unfertilized control at the last harvest, up to 3966.56 mg GAE·g-1 d.w. and 1953.97 mmol Trolox·g-1 d.w. respectively under the organic fertilization at the four harvest. From the results of our investigation, it can be inferred that the chemical fertilization was the most effective in terms of yield, whereas the sustainable nutritional management based on organic fertilizer supply led to higher antioxidant compounds and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cojocaru
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu, 700440 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (N.M.); (T.S.); (G.C.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Bio-pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania;
| | - Neculai Munteanu
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu, 700440 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (N.M.); (T.S.); (G.C.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Teodor Stan
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu, 700440 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (N.M.); (T.S.); (G.C.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Gabriel Ciprian Teliban
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu, 700440 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (N.M.); (T.S.); (G.C.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Marian Burducea
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu, 700440 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (N.M.); (T.S.); (G.C.T.); (M.B.)
- “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Bd. Carol, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Stoleru
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 M. Sadoveanu, 700440 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (N.M.); (T.S.); (G.C.T.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) is a perennial wild herb appreciated as a folk medicine and for use in folk-traditional cuisines, and its nutraceutical properties are increasingly known and studied. Nowadays, there is a lack of knowledge about the possibility of using this species as fresh-cut produce, and no reports have investigated the physiological/biochemical changes of sorrel leaves upon storage. To test the aforementioned, sorrel seedlings were cultivated in a floating system and two consecutive harvests took place: The first cut at 15 days (C1) and second cut at 30 days (C2) after sowing. Fresh-cut sorrel leaves from C1 and C2 were stored in plastic boxes at 4 °C for 15 days and chlorophylls, carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated during the storage period. During storage, sorrel leaves from the same cut did not show significant changes in total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, which represents a positive outcome for the maintenance of the nutraceutical value of this species. For this reason, sorrel may be a very promising species as a “new” fresh-cut leafy vegetable. However, some differences were observed between the two cuts, especially in the total flavonoid and the total ascorbic acid contents. While promising, further research will be necessary to standardize the yield and the nutraceutical content of this species in different cuts, which will be necessary to introduce and promote sorrel to consumers.
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Espinoza F, Vidal S, Rautenbach F, Lewu F, Nchu F. Effects of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) on plant growth and secondary metabolites of extracts of hydroponically cultivated chive ( Allium schoenoprasum L. [Amaryllidaceae]). Heliyon 2019; 5:e03038. [PMID: 31890967 PMCID: PMC6928240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic plant-fungi symbiotic relationship can be explored to improve cultivation of targeted medicinal plant species. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the cultivation of chive (Allium schoenoprasum) in plant growth medium inoculated with the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales). Twelve replicates of chive seedlings were exposed to B. bassiana inoculum formulated at concentrations of 0, 1 × 105, 1 × 104 and 1 × 103 conidia mL-1 in a completely randomized design. We assessed plant growth parameters, such as leaf number and plant height weekly and root length, leaf and root fresh and dry weights and secondary metabolites three weeks post-fungal inoculation. The fungus was re-isolated from some of the leaves and roots of the treated plants suggesting that the fungus successfully colonized the plant tissue. Generally, the results indicated that the fungal inoculation had minimal effect on most of the growth parameters assessed in relation to the control. Remarkably, plants exposed to the fungus recorded greater (p < 0.05) total alkaloid, ranging from 2.98 - 3.76 mg atropine equivalent (AE)/g dry weight (DW) compared to the control plants (1.96 mg AE/g DW) for the leaves. This study demonstrated that endophytic fungi could be used to improve the yield of active chemical constituents in cultivated medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Espinoza
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Department of Crop Sciences, Section of Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Francis Lewu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington, South Africa
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Asemani Y, Zamani N, Bayat M, Amirghofran Z. Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3019-3039. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Asemani
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Nasrindokht Zamani
- Research Center for Persian Medicine and History MedicineShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Maryam Bayat
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Singh V, Krishan P, Shri R. Antioxidant-mediated neuroprotection by Allium schoenoprasum L. leaf extract against ischemia reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:403-410. [PMID: 29933243 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is strongly implicated in ischemia reperfusion (IR)-mediated functional and neuronal impairment. Therefore, strategies employing antioxidants to reverse the damage due to IR are being investigated. Allium schoenoprasum L. is a culinary medicine whose antioxidant properties are well documented but whose neuroprotective potential has not been examined. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. schoenoprasum leaf extract (ASLE) on functional deficit against IR-induced cerebral injury in mice. Methods Acute toxicity studies of ASLE were performed following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 423. IR injury was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 15 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. Animals were treated for 7 days with ASLE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. once daily) after IR injury. Functional outcomes (memory and sensorimotor functions) were measured using Morris water maze and neurological severity score, respectively. Cerebral infarct size and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) were measured in order to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of ASLE. Results No toxic effects of ASLE were observed in mice. Oral treatment with ASLE for 7 days significantly attenuated IR-mediated memory and sensorimotor function deficit in the animals. The extract also reduced the cerebral infarct size and rise in brain TBARS levels, and restored the GSH levels and SOD activity. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that ASLE is safe and effective in improving functional outcomes. It demonstrates neuroprotective effect by enhancing the antioxidant defence against IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants: Weeds or "New Functional Crops"? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092299. [PMID: 30205584 PMCID: PMC6225202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin is a biodiversity hotspot of wild edible species, and their therapeutic and culinary uses have long been documented. Owing to the growing demand for wild edible species, there are increasing concerns about the safety, standardization, quality, and availability of products derived from these species collected in the wild. An efficient cultivation method for the species having promising nutraceutical values is highly desirable. In this backdrop, a hydroponic system could be considered as a reproducible and efficient agronomic practice to maximize yield, and also to selectively stimulate the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites. The aim of this report is to review the phytochemical and toxic compounds of some potentially interesting Mediterranean wild edible species. Herein, after a deep analysis of the literature, information on the main bioactive compounds, and some possibly toxic molecules, from fifteen wild edible species have been compiled. The traditional recipes prepared with these species are also listed. In addition, preliminary data about the performance of some selected species are also reported. In particular, germination tests performed on six selected species revealed that there are differences among the species, but not with crop species. “Domestication” of wild species seems a promising approach for exploiting these “new functional foods”.
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A Simple and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Anthraquinone Glycosides and Their Aglycones in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Rumex acetosa Extract. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030100. [PMID: 30037041 PMCID: PMC6161010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumex acetosa (R. acetosa) has been used in folk remedies for gastrointestinal disorders and cutaneous diseases. Rumex species, in particular, contain abundant anthraquinones. Anthraquinone glycosides and aglycones show different bioactive effects. However, information on the pharmacokinetics of anthraquinone glycosides is limited, and methods to quantify anthraquinone glycosides in plasma are rarely available. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of both anthraquinone glycosides and their aglycones, including emodin, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, chrysophanol, chrysophanol-8-O-β-d-glucoside, physcion, and physcion-8-O-β-d-glucoside , in a low volume of rat plasma (20 µL) was established. A simple and rapid sample preparation was employed using methanol as a precipitating agent with appropriate sensitivity. Chromatographic separation was performed on HPLC by using a biphenyl column with a gradient elution using 2 mM ammonium formate (pH 6) in water and 2 mM ammonium formate (pH 6) in methanol within a run time of 13 min. The anthraquinones were detected on triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in negative ionization mode using multiple-reaction monitoring. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. The values of the lower limit of quantitation of anthraquinones were 1–20 ng/mL. The intra-batch and inter-batch accuracies were 96.7–111.9% and the precision was within the acceptable limits. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of R. acetosa 70% ethanol extract to rats at a dose of 2 g/kg.
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Heidari M, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Rahimi R, Esfandyari M, Baeeri M, Hassanzadeh G, Abdollahi M, Farzaei MH. Efficacy of topical application of standardized extract of Tragopogon graminifolius in the healing process of experimental burn wounds. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:54-59. [PMID: 30671366 PMCID: PMC6335475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tragopogon graminifolius DC. is a perennial plant from the family Asteraceae which grows in West parts of Iran. Several biological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are reported for the plant. The aim of this study was to assess the wound healing activity of standardized extract from T. graminifolius (TG) aerial parts. Topical standardized TG extract with 5% and 10% concentrations in eucerine base was assessed for its healing properties on second degree burn in rats during a 14-day period. Biomarkers of oxidative damage including total antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation and total thiol molecules of the skin tissue samples were also evaluated. Results showed that 10%TG had the best efficacy with 80 ± 3% wound closure and tissue repair in comparison to negative control (p < 0.05). Significant reduction of tissue oxidative stress biomarkers was also observed. Histological analyses confirmed wound healing activity of TG extract, as well. Considering the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities of TG, explained by the high content of phenolic compounds of the plant, standardized TG extract could be considered as a natural remedy for the treatment of burn wounds. Further clinical studies are suggested to confirm the effectiveness of TG as a wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Pharmacy in Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacy in Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Esfandyari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Corresponding author. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Ferreira FS, Sampaio GR, Keller LM, Sawaya AC, Chávez DW, Torres EA, Saldanha T. Impact of Air Frying on Cholesterol and Fatty Acids Oxidation in Sardines: Protective Effects of Aromatic Herbs. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2823-2831. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. Ferreira
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Geni R. Sampaio
- Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Univ. of São Paulo (USP); Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 São Paulo SP 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Laura M. Keller
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | | | - Davy W.H. Chávez
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A.F.S. Torres
- Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Univ. of São Paulo (USP); Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 São Paulo SP 01246-904 Brazil
| | - Tatiana Saldanha
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
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Singh V, Chauhan G, Krishan P, Shri R. Allium schoenoprasum L.: a review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and future directions. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2202-2216. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1367783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gargi Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Fernandes L, Casal S, Pereira JA, Saraiva JA, Ramalhosa E. Edible flowers: A review of the nutritional, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and effects on human health. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alkushi AG. Protective Effect of Sorrel Extract on Adult Rats Treated by Carbon Tetrachloride. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:200-207. [PMID: 28539746 PMCID: PMC5424563 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.204653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Heart, kidneys, and liver are the vital organs present in vertebrates and some other animals. They have a wide range of functions, such as maintaining homeostasis, detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemical, that are necessary for digestion and maintaining circulation. These organs are necessary for the survival, and currently, there are no means to compensate for the absence of their functionalities in a long term. The damage of liver can affect other vital organs, including kidneys and heart. Aims: This study aimed at investigating the effect of sorrel extract in the treatment of some of the diseases of liver, kidneys, and heart using experimental animals. Settings and Design: This study is a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Materials and Methods: Forty mature male albino rats, weighing 150–160 g, were used and divided into four equal groups. One group was kept as negative control (C −ve) group whereas the other three groups were injected subcutaneously (s/c) with carbon tetrachloride in 50% V/V paraffin oil (2 ml/kg b.wt.). Tissue specimens were obtained from all the groups and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Statistical Analysis Used: The obtained data were statistically analyzed using computerized Superior Performing Statistical Software (SPSS) at SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA. Effects of different treatments were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test using Duncan's multiple range test, and P < 0.05 was also used to indicate the significance level between different groups (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967). Results: The resulting data showed that the sorrel extract demonstrated a significant enhancement in liver intoxication and all other tested parameters. In addition, it also helped in minimizing the structural tissue damages in the vital organs. Conclusions: According to these results, sorrel can impair the liver function and maintain the functions of the vital organs. SUMMARY All rats, poisoned with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and administrated with all tested herbs, showed a significant increase in BWG as compared to the control (+ve) group Sorrel extract demonstrates a significant enhancement in liver intoxication and all other tested parameters and can reduce the lipid peroxidation in CCl4-induced liver damage All rats, poisoned with CCl4 and orally fed with all tested herbs, showed a significant decrease in the mentioned parameters when compared to control (+ve) group.
Abbreviations Used: ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALB: Albumin; BWG%: Body weight gain percentage; CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; CAT: Catalase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; GLOB: Globulin; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; RP: Rumex patientia; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TP: Total protein; TC: Total cholesterol; TGs: Riglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Glil Alkushi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Guarrera PM, Savo V. Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:202-34. [PMID: 26944238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mixtures of wild food plants, part of the Mediterranean diet, have potential benefits for their content in bioactive compounds, minerals and fibers. In Italy, wild plants are still consumed in various ways, for their taste, effects on health and nutritional value. In this paper, we provide a list of wild plants used in vegetable mixtures, indicating their phytochemical and nutritional profile, highlighting those not yet studied. AIM OF THE STUDY We provide a first complete review of traditional uses of wild food plants used as vegetables and their preparations (e.g., salads, soups, rustic pies). We also highlight their phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out an extensive literature review of ethnobotanical publications from 1894 to date for finding plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures. We also performed an online search for scientific papers providing the phytochemical profile of plants that were cited at least twice in recipes found in the literature. RESULTS We list a total of 276 wild taxa used in traditional vegetable mixtures, belonging to 40 families. Among these, the most represented are Asteraceae (88), Brassicaceae (33), Apiaceae (21), Amaranthaceae (12). Many plants are cited in many recipes across several Italian regions. Among the most cited plant we note: Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, Sanguisorba minor Scop., Taraxacum campylodes G. E. Haglund, Urtica dioica L. Tuscany is the region with the highest number of food recipes that incorporate wild plants used as vegetables. We also list the phytochemical constituents and some pharmacological activities of the plants cited at least twice. Finally, we discuss topics such as the taste of plants used in the recipes. CONCLUSIONS Nineteen edible wild plants, such as Asparagus albus L., Campanula trachelium L., Hypochaeris laevigata (L.) Benth. & Hook f., Phyteuma spicatum L., Scolymus grandiflorus Desf., are not yet studied as regards their phytochemical and nutritional profile. Some plants should be avoided due to the presence of toxic compounds such as Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A. Kern or Ranunculus repens L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Guarrera
- Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia, MIBACt, Piazza Marconi, 8-10, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - V Savo
- Hakai Institute, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A1S6
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Merghoub N, El Btaouri H, Benbacer L, Gmouh S, Trentesaux C, Brassart B, Terryn C, Attaleb M, Madoulet C, Benjouad A, Amzazi S, El Mzibri M, Morjani H. Inula Viscosa Extracts Induces Telomere Shortening and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells and Overcome Drug Resistance. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:131-43. [PMID: 26771897 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is activated in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive cervical cancer and targeting telomeres offers a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. In this study, the telomere targeting properties, the cytotoxic as well as the pro-apoptotic effects of hexane (IV-HE) and dichloromethane (IV-DF) fractions from Inula viscosa L. extracts were investigated on human cervical HeLa and SiHa cancer cells. Our data demonstrate that IV-HE and IV-DF extracts were able to inhibit cell growth in HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner and studied resistant cell lines exhibited a resistance factor less than 2 when treated with the extracts. IV-HE and IV-DF extracts were able to inhibit telomerase activity and to induce telomere shortening as shown by telomeric repeat amplification protocol and TTAGGG telomere length assay, respectively. The sensitivity of fibroblasts to the extracts was increased when telomerase was expressed. Finally, IV-HE and IV-DF were able to induce apoptosis as evidenced by an increase in annexin-V labeling and caspase-3 activity. This study provides the first evidence that the IV-HE and IV-DF extracts from Inula viscosa L. target telomeres induce apoptosis and overcome drug resistance in tumor cells. Future studies will focus on the identification of the molecules involved in the anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Merghoub
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Rabat, Morocco Department of Biology and Medical Research CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco and MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, Faculty of Pharmacy , Reims , France
| | | | - Laila Benbacer
- c Department of Biology and Medical Research CNESTEN , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Saïd Gmouh
- d Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik , Casablanca , Morocco
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed Attaleb
- h Department of Biology and Medical Research CNESTEN , Rabat , Morocco
| | | | - Abdelaziz Benjouad
- j Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Saaïd Amzazi
- j Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences , Rabat , Morocco
| | | | - Hamid Morjani
- l MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, Faculty of Pharmacy , Reims , France
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Vasas A, Orbán-Gyapai O, Hohmann J. The Genus Rumex: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:198-228. [PMID: 26384001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The approximately 200 species of the genus Rumex (sorrel, Polygonaceae) are distributed worldwide (European, Asian, African and American countries). Some species have been used traditionally as vegetables and for their medicinal properties. Based on the traditional knowledge, different phytochemical and pharmacological activities have been at the focus of research. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of local and traditional medical uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, toxicity, and safety of Rumex species, in order to identify the therapeutic potential of Rumex species and further directions of research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selection of relevant data was made through a search using the keyword "Rumex" in "Scopus", "Google Scholar", "Web of Science", "PubMed", and "ScienceDirect" databases. Plant taxonomy was validated by the databases "The Plant List", and "Mansfeld's Encyclopedia". Additional information on traditional use and botany was obtained from published books and MSc dissertations. RESULTS This review discusses the current knowledge of the chemistry, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies carried out on the extracts, and the main active constituents, isolated from plants of genus Rumex. Although, there are about 200 species in this genus, most of the phytochemical and pharmacological studies were performed on up to 50 species. The aerial parts, leaves and roots of the plants are used as vegetables and for the treatment of several health disorders such as mild diabetes, constipation, infections, diarrhoea, oedema, jaundice, and as an antihypertensive, diuretic and analgesic and in case of skin, liver and gallbladder disorders, and inflammation. Many phytochemical investigations on this genus confirmed that Rumex species are rich in anthraquinones, naphthalenes, flavonoids, stilbenoids, triterpenes, carotenoids, and phenolic acids. Moreover, it draws the attention that high level of oxalic acid in some species can cause toxicity (kidney stones) if consumed large quantity. CONCLUSIONS This review confirms that some Rumex species have emerged as a good source of the traditional medicine for treatment of inflammation, cancer and different bacterial infections and provides new insights for further promising investigations on isolated compounds, especially quercetin 3-O-glucoside, emodin, nepodin, torachrysone, and trans-resveratrol to find novel therapeutics and aid drug discovery. In addition, hepatoprotective, antiviral and antidiabetic activities should have priority in future pharmacological studies. However, for applying species to prevent or treat various diseases, additional pharmacological studies are needed to find the mechanism of actions, safety and efficacy of them before starting clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Orbán-Gyapai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.
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Tansaz M, Memarzadehzavareh H, Qaraaty M, Eftekhar T, Tabarrai M, Kamalinejad M. Menorrhagia Management in Iranian Traditional Medicine. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 21:71-6. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587215589522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Menorrhagia is a common problem. Medical management for menorrhagia includes hormonal and nonhormonal treatments. These treatments have different side effects, which reduce quality of life. Complementary and traditional medicines have been used to handle menorrhagia for centuries in many cultures. There is a lot of information and data in Iranian traditional documents or books about medicinal herbs that are used by Iranian traditional medicine scientists for the treatment of menorrhagia. The aim of this study was to review the approaches to menorrhagia in Iranian traditional medicine texts. In this study, some main Iranian traditional medicine manuscripts including Canon of Medicine and Al-Havi of Rhazes were studied to extract important information about menorrhagia management. Iranian traditional medicine physicians have relied on an organized system of etiological theories and treatments for menorrhagia. Their methods for menorrhagia management may be able to convince the desire of many women to preserve their uterus and avoid hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Tansaz
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Traditional medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Memarzadehzavareh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Traditional medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Qaraaty
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Eftekhar
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Tabarrai
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ertas A, Yilmaz MA, Boga M, Hasimi N, Yesil Y, Goren AC, Temel H, Topcu G. Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Two Edible Plants: Chemical Investigation and Quantitative Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Farzaei MH, Ghasemi-Niri SF, Abdolghafari AH, Baeeri M, Khanavi M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Biochemical and histopathological evidence on the beneficial effects of Tragopogon graminifolius in TNBS-induced colitis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:429-436. [PMID: 25471611 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.923004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tragopogon graminifolius DC. (Compositae) (TG) has been proposed as an efficacious remedy for gastrointestinal ulcers in Iranian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the efficacy of TG on experimental colitis and the responsible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS After induction of IBD by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), rats received standardized ethanol extract of TG aerial part at 20, 30, or 50 mg/kg/d orally. After 12 d, the rats were sacrificed and the colon was removed and assessed for macroscopic and microscopic changes. Also, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in the colon homogenate. RESULT TG extract significantly reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores of colitis with ED50 values of 23 and 39 mg/kg, respectively. MPO was significantly reduced in all plant extract groups with an ED50 value of 41 mg/kg. The ED50 values of extract for inhibition of TNF-α and LPO were 44 and 93 mg/kg, respectively. IL-1β significantly decreased by 50 mg/kg of TG extract (ED50 = 57 mg/kg). Total antioxidant power markedly increased by 50 mg/kg group (ED50 = 43 mg/kg). DISCUSSION TG exhibited efficacy on TNBS-induced colitis via anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and mucosal healing properties. CONCLUSION TG possesses promising healing function on colitis. Clinical trials are warranted to prove its efficacy and tolerability in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Granica S, Zidorn C. Phenolic compounds from aerial parts as chemosystematic markers in the Scorzonerinae (Asteraceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Standardization ofTragopogon graminifoliusDC. Extract Based on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/425965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tragopogon graminifoliusDC. (TG), Compositae family, is traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases like gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders. The aim of the present study is to standardize extracts from TG used for preparation of different dosage forms in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) based on phenolic compounds. For this purpose, total phenolic content and some phenolic compounds were determined in ethanolic extracts from aerial part and root of TG by HPLC method. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH-HPLC methods. Caffeic acid, gallic acid,ρ-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and catechin were detected in root and aerial part of TG.ρ-Coumaric acid (6.357 ± 0.014 mg·g−1) was dominant phenolic compound in aerial part followed by ferulic acid (1.24 ± 0.018 mg·g−1). Also,ρ-coumaric acid (2.685 ± 0.031 mg·g−1) was highly abundant in root, followed by catechin (2.067 ± 0.021 mg·g−1). Antioxidant activity of root extract (460.45 ± 0.78 µg Vit.E.E·mL−1) was better than that of aerial part. Generally, phenolic compounds are one of the major constituents of TG and could be used as markers for standardization of dosage forms prepared from this plant. Also, TG demonstrated significant antioxidant activity using DPPH-HPLC method. Phenolic compounds of TG may be responsible for its marked antioxidant properties.
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Farzaei MH, Rahimi R, Attar F, Siavoshi F, Saniee P, Hajimahmoodi M, Mirnezami T, Khanavi M. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and Extracts of Tragopogon graminifolius, a Medicinal Herb from Iran. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tragopogon graminifolius DC., family Compositae, is widely consumed as a green vegetable in the west of Iran and for the treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatic ailments. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from T. graminifolius aerial parts was evaluated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Moreover, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and various extracts of T. graminifolius were determined. Fifty-eight compounds representing 87.2% of the essential oil were identified. The main components were n-hexadecanoic acid (22.0%), β-caryophyllene (7.5%), heneicosane (6.6%), and nonanal (5.2%). The essential oil demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (56.6 ± 8.8ug/mL) and the 80% ethanolic extract the highest ferric reducing antioxidant activity (908.2±79.5 mmol Fe2+ ion/g extract). The total phenolic content of the 80% ethanolic extract from the aerial parts was the highest (560.7±18.8 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). In the antimicrobial test, Shigella dysenteriae was the most vulnerable microorganism, followed by Proteus vulgaris, and the essential oil exhibited the highest antibacterial activity among the samples. The results indicated that the essential oil and extracts of T. graminifolius could be consumed as a natural herbal preservative or complementary supplement in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Siavoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Saniee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mannan Hajimahmoodi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mirnezami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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López-García J, Kuceková Z, Humpolíček P, Mlček J, Sáha P. Polyphenolic extracts of edible flowers incorporated onto atelocollagen matrices and their effect on cell viability. Molecules 2013; 18:13435-45. [PMID: 24177700 PMCID: PMC6270546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic extract of chives flowers (Allium schoenoprasum, Liliaceae), introduced Sage (Salvia pratensis, Lamiaceae), European elderberry (Sambucus nigra, Caprifoliaceae) and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, Asteraceae) were characterised by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and incorporated in different concentrations onto atelocollagen thin films. In order to assess the biological impact of these phenolic compounds on cell viability, human immortalised non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line was seeded on the thin films and cell proliferation was determined by using an MTT assay. In addition, their antimicrobial activity was estimated by using an agar diffusion test. Data indicated the concomitance between cell viability and concentration of polyphenols. These findings suggest that these phenolic-endowed atelocollagen films might be suitable for tissue engineering applications, on account of the combined activity of polyphenols and collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge López-García
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Zdenka Kuceková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, Zlin 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, Zlin 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Mlček
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlin 76272, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Petr Sáha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
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Abstract
AbstractThe phenolic compound composition, antioxidant activity and impact on cell viability of edible flower extracts of Allium schoenoprasum; Bellis perennis; Cichorium intybus; Rumex acetosa; Salvia pratensis; Sambucus nigra; Taraxacum officinale; Tragopogon pratensis; Trifolium repens and Viola arvensis was examined for the first time. Total phenolic content of the flowers of these plants fell between 11.72 and 42.74 mg of tannin equivalents/kg of dry matter. Antioxidant activity ranged from 35.56 to 71.62 g of ascorbic acid equivalents/kg of dry matter. Using the Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma cell-line (HepG2) and the Human Immortalized Non-tumorigenic Keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), we assessed cell viability following a 3 day incubation period in media containing 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml of total phenolic compounds using a colorimetric MTT assay. These three properties could make the herbs useful in treatment of various diseases like cancer. The tested extracts had significant effects on cell viability, but the effects were dependent not only on the phenolic compound concentration and the edible flowers species, but also on the phenolic compound and antioxidant profiles. In addition, responses differed between cell lines.
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Guarrera PM, Savo V. Perceived health properties of wild and cultivated food plants in local and popular traditions of Italy: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:659-680. [PMID: 23395624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many wild and cultivated plants are rich in mineral elements and bioactive compounds and are consumed for health purposes. Studies have demonstrated the curative properties of many of these food plants. In this paper, we discuss the properties of several plants with potential health benefits that have previously received little attention. AIM OF THE STUDY This review provides an overview and critical discussion of food plants perceived by informants (emic view) as healthy or used as 'food medicine' in Italy. Pharmacological activity of these plants is explored, based upon published scientific research (etic view). Preparation methods, taste perception, toxicity and various potentialities of some food plants are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review includes literature available from 1877 to 2012. The information was collected from books, scientific papers, and abstracts that reported any plants used as food medicine in Italy. The perceived health properties were analyzed in the framework of recent international phytochemical and phytopharmacological literature. RESULTS A total of 67 edible wild plants and 18 cultivated vegetables, distributed into 20 families, were reported by informants (in literature). Several plants were highly cited (e.g., Taraxacum officinale Webb., Crepis vesicaria L., Allium cepa L., Allium sativum L.). The most frequent health properties attributed to edible plants by the informants were: laxative (22 species), diuretic (15), digestive (11), galactagogue (8), antitussive (cough) (8), hypotensive (7), tonic (7), sedative (7), hypoglycemic (6). CONCLUSIONS Some edible plants are promising for their potential health properties, such as Crepis vesicaria L., Sanguisorba minor Scop. and Sonchus oleraceus L. Several wild species were perceived by informants to maintain health but have never been studied from a phytochemical or pharmacological point of view: e.g., Asparagus albus L., Crepis leontodontoides All., Hyoseris radiata L. subsp. radiata, Phyteuma spicatum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Guarrera
- Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia, Ministero Beni e Attività Culturali, Piazza Marconi 8-10, I-00144 Rome, Italy.
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Farzaei MH, Rahimi R, Abbasabadi Z, Abdollahi M. An Evidence-based Review on Medicinal Plants used for the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer in Traditional Iranian Medicine. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.108.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tuazon-Nartea J, Savage G. Investigation of Oxalate Levels in Sorrel Plant Parts and Sorrel-Based Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.48109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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