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Singh AP, Chitme H, Sharma RK, Kandpal JB, Behera A, Abdel-Wahab BA, Orabi MA, Khateeb MM, Shafiuddin Habeeb M, Bakir MB. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacologically Active Phyto-Constituents from Hedychium species. Molecules 2023; 28:3278. [PMID: 37050042 PMCID: PMC10096824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe and discuss the phytoconstituents present in Hedychium species and emphasize their potential as drug candidates. Though they are widely validated in vitro and in vivo models, to date, no efforts have been made to compile in a single review all the pharmacologically active phytoconstituents from Hedychium species, and their pharmacological and toxicity profile. In this study, we present a reinvestigation of the chemical constituents present in Hedychium species obtained from the essential oil and solvent extraction of the flowers, leaves and rhizomes under consideration. Key databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar amongst others were probed for a systematic search using keywords to retrieve relevant publications on this plant. An exhaustive electronic survey of the related literature on Hedychium species resulted in around 200 articles. Articles published between the years 1975-2021 were included. The studies conducted on either crude extracts, solvent fractions or isolated pure compounds from Hedychium species reported with a varied range of biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, potentially anti-asthmatic, and cytotoxic, among other related activities of the chemical constituents present in its essential oil and solvent extract deployed in this review. Traditional and herbal medication around the world that uses different parts of Hedychium species were considered for anti-inflammatory, skincare, analgesic, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, antidotal uses, among others. These uses support the idea that chemical constituents obtained from solvent extraction may also exert the same action individually or in a synergistic manner. The review concluded that there is scope for computation and biological study to find out possible new targets for strengthening the potency and selectivity of the relevant compounds, and to find a commercial method for extraction of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Pratap Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
- Department of Research and Development, India Glycols Ltd., Pharma City, Selaqui, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Havagiray Chitme
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | | | - JB Kandpal
- Department of Research and Development, India Glycols Ltd., Pharma City, Selaqui, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Behera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdelmalek Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Medleri Khateeb
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marwa B. Bakir
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
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Insecticidal and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oils for the Control of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020492. [PMID: 36677552 PMCID: PMC9863611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulse beetle is the most harmful pest attacking stored grains and affecting quality and marketability. Continuous use of chemical-based pesticides against pulse beetle led to the development of insecticidal resistance; essential oils (EOs) can be an effective natural alternative against this pest. The main objective was to study the chemical composition of seven EOs viz., Acorus calamus, Hedychium spicatum, Lavandula angustifolia, Juniperus recurva, Juniperus communis, Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana, their insecticidal and enzyme inhibition activities against pulse beetle. The primary compounds present in these EOs were cis-asarone, 1,8-cineole, linalyl isobutyrate, 2-β-pinene, camphene, α-dehydro-ar-himachalene and camphene. A. calamus oil showed promising fumigant toxicity to Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis (LC50 = 1357.86 and 1379.54 µL/L, respectively). A combination of A. calamus + L. angustifolia was effective against C. maculatus and C. chinensis (LC50 = 108.58 and 92.18 µL/L, respectively). All the combinations of EOs showed synergistic activity. In the repellency study, A. calamus showed more repellence to C. maculatus and C. chinensis (RC50 = 53.98 and 118.91 µL/L, respectively). A. calamus and L. angustifolia oil at 2500, 5000 and 10,000 µL/L significantly inhibited the AChE and GST enzymes in C. maculatus and C. chinensis after 24 and 48 h.
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Tabata R, Yamaguchi H, Ookura Y, Tani K. Complementary and alternative medicines chosen for specific health problems: Internet survey using the I-CAM-Q in Japan: A STROBE-compliant cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31098. [PMID: 36254091 PMCID: PMC9575747 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the different complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) adopted by people in Japan, as well as the health problems treated with CAMs. Understanding more about this topic will facilitate the appropriate incorporation of CAMs into conventional medicine when treating health problems. Data were collected through an online survey based on the International Questionnaire to Measure Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (I-CAM-Q). The study examined CAM utilization among people aged 20 years or older; 164 valid responses were collected (18.9%). We adopted a cross-sectional design. We then compared the relationships between the specific health problems reported by participants, their self-help practices, and the kinds of healthcare specialists consulted. We also examined participants' reasons for using CAMs and their responses regarding the usefulness of the CAMs adopted. We found that self-help/CAM practices differed for specific health problems. Participants with musculoskeletal and heart problems were more likely to use poultices. Those with respiratory and digestive problems were more likely to practice yoga, tai chi, and qigong. Those with digestive and neurological problems were more likely to use aromatherapy. The I-CAM-Q questionnaire also revealed the purpose and usefulness of the CAMs utilized as well as the participants' attitudes regarding conventional medicine. The study showed that participants find physicians less helpful than other options for treating their health problems. Additionally, when asked whether it was helpful to consult with a specific professional for health problems, there was a higher percentage of participants who answered "Very helpful" for professionals, like massage, judo, acupuncture, and moxibustion therapists, than for physicians. The results of this study will help to inform medical providers of the most appropriate types of CAMs for dealing with various health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tabata
- Department of General Medicine, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Harutaka Yamaguchi
- Department of General Medicine, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ookura
- Department of General Medicine and Primary Care, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Tani
- Department of General Medicine and Primary Care, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
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Multi-Target Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Protein Aggregation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091515. [PMID: 36143299 PMCID: PMC9500804 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a tangle-shaped accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide fragments and Tau protein in brain neurons. The pathophysiological mechanism involves the presence of Aβ-amyloid peptide, Tau protein, oxidative stress, and an exacerbated neuro-inflammatory response. This review aims to offer an updated compendium of the most recent and promising advances in AD treatment through the administration of phytochemicals. The literature survey was carried out by electronic search in the following specialized databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, TRIP database, Google Scholar, Wiley, and Web of Science regarding published works that included molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways targeted by phytochemicals in various experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease in vitro and in vivo. The results of the studies showed that the use of phytochemicals against AD has gained relevance due to their antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-amyloid, and anti-hyperphosphorylation properties of Tau protein. Some bioactive compounds from plants have been shown to have the ability to prevent and stop the progression of Alzheimer’s.
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in using olfactory (smell) stimulation in dementia care. This study aims to extend current knowledge by synthesising the evidence on the efficacy of interventions using olfactory stimulation for people with dementia and to assess the effects of different types of odours and administration methods using a mixed methods approach. The rapid review was conducted based on searches in six electronic databases. A narrative approach was applied to assess 20 studies included in the review. Fourteen studies used a quasi-experimental design, five studies used an experimental design and one was a case study. High heterogeneity was found on odours and methods of application used, with the majority of studies administering lavender oil using a diffuser. Mixed results were reported on the benefits of olfactory stimulation on responsive behaviours and cognitive function. Although the evidence available is limited, encouraging results were found regarding olfactory stimulation and increased sleep duration, food intake and improved balance. It was not possible to draw any overall conclusion in relation to the effect of olfactory stimulation. However, this review shows promising results that support further investigation of olfactory stimulation as a nonpharmacological intervention for people with dementia. The review is limited due to the low to moderate quality of studies included. Furthermore, the broad range of approaches was employed, and comparison between the studies was difficult. Further high-quality mixed method studies using robust and detailed protocols are needed to clarify the effects of olfactory stimuli and any other factors that may influence the responses of people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Andrea
- School of Biomedical Sciences, 7364University of West London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Tischler
- School of Biomedical Sciences, 7364University of West London, London, UK; 3286University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tom Dening
- Institute of Mental Health & School of Medicine, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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GC- and UHPLC-MS Profiles as a Tool to Valorize the Red Alga Asparagopsis armata. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asparagopsis armata Harvey is a red alga native from the southern hemisphere and then introduced in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, including the Azores Archipelago, where it is considered an invasive alga. Some studies show that the extracts exhibit antimicrobial and antifouling activities, and it is incorporated in some commercialized cosmetic products. (e.g., Ysaline®). However, knowledge of this species chemical composition is scarce. The GC-MS and UHPLC-MS profiles of both the nonpolar and polar extracts were established to contribute to this problem solution. According to the results, A. armata is rich in a great structural variety of halogenated lipophilic and aromatic compounds, some of them identified here for the first time. In the lipophilic extract, 25 compounds are identified, being the halogenated compounds and fatty acids, the two major compound families, corresponding to 54.8% and 35.7% of identified compounds (224 and 147 mg/100 g of dry algae, respectively). The 1,4-dibromobuten-1-ol and the palmitic acid are the two most abundant identified compounds (155 and 83.4 mg/100 g of dry algae, respectively). The polar extract demonstrated the richness of this species in brominated phenolics, from which the cinnamic acid derivatives are predominant. The results obtained herein open new perspectives for valuing the A. armata as a source of halogenated compounds and fatty acids, consequently improving its biotechnological and economic potential. Promoting this seaweed and the consequent increase in its demand will contribute to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability.
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Juszczyk G, Mikulska J, Kasperek K, Pietrzak D, Mrozek W, Herbet M. Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091439. [PMID: 34573069 PMCID: PMC8470444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.
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Pereira MJ, Eleutério T, Meirelles MG, Vasconcelos HC. Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl. from its discovery to its invasive status: a review. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2021; 62:11. [PMID: 34292423 PMCID: PMC8298674 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-021-00318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hedychium gardnerianum Sheph. ex Ker Gawl. is one of the 100 world's worst invasive alien species and the research target in areas as diverse as biological control, natural fibres uses, taxonomy or the biological activity of its compounds. This review aimed to clarify the taxonomic status and the native range of H. gardnerianum and bring accuracy to the history of its introduction and escape from cultivation through the analysis of the increasing number of accessible digitalized dry specimens and grey literature. The analysis of the available information allowed to conclude that: (a) Hedychium gardnerianum is a validly published name, the authority of the name is Sheph. ex Ker Gawl., the species holotype is the illustration published along with the species name, and the Natural History Museum BM000574691 specimen collected in 1815 is the first dried specimen of H. gardnerianum; (b) This species is native to the Central and Eastern Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India and North Myanmar; (c) The species was cultivated at Cambridge Botanical Garden since 1818 and the first known herbarium specimen collected in Europe dates back to 1821; (d) Kathmandu (Nepal) and Khasi Hills (India) specimens are considered two varieties of the same species and the BM000574691 specimen is the lectotype of H. gardnerianum var. speciosum; (e) Specimens, references, and/or pictures support that H. gardnerianum escaped from cultivation at Galicia (Spain), Azores archipelago, Madeira, Tenerife, Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, Trinidad, Ascension, Mexico, Honduras, Brazil, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Réunion, Mauritius, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, and Vietnam; and (f) H. gardnerianum is a serious pest in Azores, Madeira, Jamaica, Réunion, New Zealand and Hawaii and continues to expand its distribution area in South and Central America, Australia and Southern Africa. This review presents linear raw information compiled with precision, allowing the world databases updating their data but also gives the most detailed information possible to each country/region identifying new regions of concern and updating the invasiveness status in each region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Pereira
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Telmo Eleutério
- Biology Department, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Maria Gabriela Meirelles
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering Sciences, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Potential therapeutic natural products against Alzheimer's disease with Reference of Acetylcholinesterase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111609. [PMID: 33915501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the most common type of dementia primarily affecting the later years of life. Its prevalence is likely to increase in any aging population and will be a major burden on healthcare system by the mid of the century. Despite scientific and technological breakthroughs in the last 50 years, that have expanded our understanding of the disease on a system, cellular and molecular level, therapies that could stop or slow the progression of the disease are still unavailable. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has approved acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, tacrine and rivastigmine) and glutamate receptor antagonist (memantine) for the treatment of AD. In this review we summarize the studies reporting phytocompounds and extracts from medicinal plants that show AChE inhibitory activities and could be of potential benefit in AD. Future research directions are suggested and recommendations made to expand the use of medicinal plants and their formulations to prevent, mitigate and treat AD.
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Arya A, Chahal R, Rao R, Rahman MH, Kaushik D, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Khalifa SMA, El-Seedi HR, Kamel M, Albadrani GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Mittal V. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:350. [PMID: 33669097 PMCID: PMC7996600 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually growing irreversible illness of the brain that almost affects every fifth person (aged > 80 years) in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) also revealed that the prevalence of this disease will enhance (upto double) significantly upto 2030. The poor cholinergic transmission at the synapse is considered to be one of the main reasons behind the progression and occurrence of this disorder. Natural inhibitors of acetylcholine (ACh) such as galanthamine and rivastigmine are used commercially in the treatmentof AD. The biomolecules such assesquiterpenes, possess a great structural diversity and are responsible for a plethora of pharmacological properties. The potential of various sesquiterpenes as anticholinesterase has been reviewed in this article. For this purpose, the various databases, mainly PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were investigatedwith different keywords such as "sesquiterpenes+acetylcholinesterase" and "sesquiterpenes+cholinesterase+inhibitors" in the surveyed time frame (2010-2020). A vast literature was evident in the last decade, which affirms the potential of various sesquiterpenes in the improvement of cholinergic transmission by inhibiting the AChE. After data analysis, it was found that 12 compounds out of a total of 58 sesquiterpenes were reported to possess IC50 < 9μM and can be considered as potential candidates for the improvement of learning and memory. Sesquiterpene is an important category of terpenoids, found to possess a large spectrum of biological activities. The outcome of the review clearly states that sesquiterpenes (such as amberboin, lipidiol,etc) from herbs could offer fresh, functional compounds for possible prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rubal Chahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26384, Korea
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Riphah International University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaden M A Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
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Abd Rashed A, Abd Rahman AZ, Rathi DNG. Essential Oils as a Potential Neuroprotective Remedy for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:1107. [PMID: 33669787 PMCID: PMC7922935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the improvements in life expectancy, neurodegenerative conditions have arguably become the most dreaded maladies of older people. The neuroprotective and anti-ageing potentials of essential oils (EOs) are widely evaluated around the globe. The objective of this review is to analyse the effectiveness of EOs as neuroprotective remedies among the four common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The literature was extracted from three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) between the years of 2010 to 2020 using the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms "essential oil", crossed with "Alzheimer's disease (AD)", "Huntington's disease (HD)", "Parkinson's disease (PD)" or "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)". Eighty three percent (83%) of the studies were focused on AD, while another 12% focused on PD. No classifiable study was recorded on HD or ALS. EO from Salvia officinalis has been recorded as one of the most effective acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. However, only Cinnamomum sp. has been assessed for its effectiveness in both AD and PD. Our review provided useful evidence on EOs as potential neuroprotective remedies for age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswir Abd Rashed
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abd Rahman
- Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Devi Nair Gunasegavan Rathi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia;
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Burčul F, Blažević I, Radan M, Politeo O. Terpenes, Phenylpropanoids, Sulfur and Other Essential Oil Constituents as Inhibitors of Cholinesterases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4297-4343. [PMID: 29600750 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180330092607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils constituents are a diverse family of low molecular weight organic compounds with comprehensive biological activity. According to their chemical structure, these active compounds can be divided into four major groups: terpenes, terpenoids, phenylpropenes, and "others". In addition, they may contain diverse functional groups according to which they can be classified as hydrocarbons (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aliphatic hydrocarbons); oxygenated compounds (monoterpene and sesquiterpene alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and other oxygenated compounds); and sulfur and/or nitrogen containing compounds (thioesters, sulfides, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and others). Compounds that act as cholinesterase inhibitors still represent the only pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer´s disease. Numerous in vitro studies showed that some compounds, found in essential oils, have a promising cholinesterase inhibitory activity, such as α-pinene, δ-3-carene, 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, thymohydroquinone, α- and β-asarone, anethole, etc. This review summarizes the most relevant research published to date on essential oil constituents and their acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential as well as their structure related activity, synergistic and antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franko Burčul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mila Radan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Olivera Politeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Pharmacological and Cosmeceutical Potential of Seaweed Beach-Casts of Macaronesia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed beach-casts are a seasonal phenomenon that regularly deposits tons of algae biomass on beaches, which are usually disposed of in landfills. The present work aimed to contribute to the valorization of this biomass by studying bioactivities that reveal its potential in the pharmaceutical and/or cosmeceutical industries. Methanol and ethanol extracts and fractions from 15 beach-casts biomass were tested for a range of bioactivities. Eight of the most active samples exhibit IC50 values between 11.38 µg/mL and 19.28 µg/mL and selectivity indexes higher than 3.8, against NCI-H1299 (lung cancer) and T47D (breast cancer). Concerning antiaging potential, all the extracts tested presented UV protection, with SPF values above 30, like the standard sunscreen. Regarding aging-related enzymes, 24 samples were tyrosinase inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values from 9.01 µg/mL to 200.09 µg/mL. Eight extracts inhibited collagenase (IC50 < 248.76 µg/mL), two of them more actively than positive control EDTA (IC50 = 59.26 µg/mL). In addition to UV protection, the cumulative effect of antityrosinase and anticollagenase activities shown by the samples suggest that they may play a significant role in preventing skin photoaging. The results obtained demonstrate the high potential of beach-cast seaweed biomass as sources of cosmetic bioproducts with antiaging effects, and of selective cytotoxic metabolites.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications licensed for the treatment of dementia have limited efficacy against cognitive impairment or against the distressed behaviours (behavioural and psychological symptoms, or behaviour that challenges) which are also often the most distressing aspect of the disorder for caregivers. Complementary therapies, including aromatherapy, are attractive to patients, practitioners and families, because they are perceived as being unlikely to cause adverse effects. Therefore there is interest in whether aromatherapy might offer a safe means of alleviating distressed behaviours in dementia. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of aromatherapy for people with dementia. SEARCH METHODS We searched ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group Specialized Register, on 5 May 2020 using the terms: aromatherapy, lemon, lavender, rose, aroma, alternative therapies, complementary therapies, essential oils. In addition, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO (all via Ovid SP), Web of Science Core Collection (via Thompson Web of Science), LILACS (via BIREME), CENTRAL (via the Cochrane Library), ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) trials portal (ICTRP) on 5 May 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials which compared fragrance from plants in an intervention defined as aromatherapy for people with dementia with placebo aromatherapy or with treatment as usual. All doses, frequencies and fragrances of aromatherapy were considered. Participants in the included studies had a diagnosis of dementia of any subtype and severity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias in included studies, involving other authors to reach consensus decisions where necessary. We did not perform any meta-analyses because of heterogeneity between studies, but presented a narrative synthesis of results from the included trials. Because of the heterogeneity of analysis methods and inadequate or absent reporting of data from some trials, we used statistical significance (P ≤ or > 0.5) as a summary metric when synthesising results across studies. As far as possible, we used GRADE methods to assess our confidence in the results of the trials, downgrading for risk of bias and imprecision. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 studies with 708 participants. All participants had dementia and in the 12 trials which described the setting, all were resident in institutional care facilities. Nine trials recruited participants because they had significant agitation or other behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) at baseline. The fragrances used were lavender (eight studies); lemon balm (four studies); lavender and lemon balm, lavender and orange, and cedar extracts (one study each). For six trials, assessment of risk of bias and extraction of results was hampered by poor reporting. Four of the other seven trials were at low risk of bias in all domains, but all were small (range 18 to 186 participants; median 66), reducing our confidence in the results. Our primary outcomes were agitation, overall behavioural and psychological symptoms, and adverse effects. Ten trials assessed agitation using various scales. Among the five trials for which our confidence in the results was moderate or low, four trials reported no significant effect on agitation and one trial reported a significant benefit of aromatherapy. The other five trials either reported no useable data or our confidence in the results was very low. Eight trials assessed overall BPSD using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and we had moderate or low confidence in the results of five of them. Of these, four reported significant benefit from aromatherapy and one reported no significant effect. Adverse events were poorly reported or not reported at all in most trials. No more than two trials assessed each of our secondary outcomes of quality of life, mood, sleep, activities of daily living, caregiver burden. We did not find evidence of benefit on these outcomes. Three trials assessed cognition: one did not report any data and the other two trials reported no significant effect of aromatherapy on cognition. Our confidence in the results of these studies was low. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We have not found any convincing evidence that aromatherapy (or exposure to fragrant plant oils) is beneficial for people with dementia although there are many limitations to the data. Conduct or reporting problems in half of the included studies meant that they could not contribute to the conclusions. Results from the other studies were inconsistent. Harms were very poorly reported in the included studies. In order for clear conclusions to be drawn, better design and reporting and consistency of outcome measurement in future trials would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Ball
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bethan Owen-Booth
- Occupational Therapy, Glyndŵr University Wrexham, Wrexham, UK
- Stroke Unit, Glan Clwyd Hospital, BCUHB, Rhyl, UK
| | - Amy Gray
- Medicine of the Elderly, Health Education England North East, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Susan D Shenkin
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Hewitt
- 3rd Floor, Academic Building, Llandough Hospital., Cardiff University and Aneurin Bevan Health Board, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Yang Y, Lin M, Feng S, Gu Q, Chen Y, Wang Y, Song D, Gao M. Chemical composition, antibacterial activity, and mechanism of action of essential oil from
Litsea cubeba
against foodborne bacteria. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Meng‐Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Shu‐Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Yi‐Cun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing PR China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Hangzhou PR China
| | - Yang‐Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing PR China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Hangzhou PR China
| | - Da‐feng Song
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing PR China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Hangzhou PR China
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16
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Rosa JS, Oliveira L, Sousa RMOF, Escobar CB, Fernandes-Ferreira M. Bioactivity of some Apiaceae essential oils and their constituents against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:406-416. [PMID: 31813390 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sitophilus zeamais is a key pest of stored grains. Its control is made, usually, using synthetic insecticides, despite their negative impacts. Botanical insecticides with fumigant/repellent properties may offer an alternative solution. This work describes the effects of Anethum graveolens, Petroselinum crispum, Foeniculum vulgare and Cuminum cyminum essential oils (EOs) and (S)-carvone, cuminaldehyde, estragole and (+)-fenchone towards adults of S. zeamais. Acute toxicity was assessed by fumigation and topical application. Repellence was evaluated by an area preference bioassay and two-choice test, using maize grains. LC50 determined by fumigation ranged from 51.8 to 535.8 mg L-1 air, with (S)-carvone being the most active. LD50 values for topical applications varied from 23 to 128 µg per adult for (S)-carvone > cuminaldehyde > A. graveolens > C. cyminum > P. crispum. All EOs/standard compounds reduced significantly the percentage of insects attracted to maize grains (65-80%) in the two-choice repellence test, whereas in the area preference bioassay RD50 varied from 1.4 to 45.2 µg cm-2, with cuminaldehyde, (S)-carvone and estragole being strongly repellents. Petroselinum crispum EO and cuminaldehyde affected the nutritional parameters relative growth rate, efficiency conversion index of ingested food and antifeeding effect, displaying antinutritional effects toward S. zeamais. In addition, P. crispum and C. cyminum EOs, as well as cuminaldehyde, showed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 = 185, 235 and 214.5 µg mL-1, respectively). EOs/standard compounds exhibited acute toxicity, and some treatments showed antinutritional effects towards S. zeamais. Therefore, the tested plant products might be good candidates to be considered to prevent damages caused by this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Rosa
- Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, Açores, Portugal
| | - L Oliveira
- Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, Açores, Portugal
| | - R M O F Sousa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646Vila do Conde, Portugal
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences. UTAD, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal
| | - C B Escobar
- Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, S. Miguel, Açores, Portugal
| | - M Fernandes-Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646Vila do Conde, Portugal
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences. UTAD, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801Vila Real, Portugal
- MAPPROD Lda, Rua António de Mariz, 22, 4715-279Braga, Portugal
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17
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Uncharted Source of Medicinal Products: The Case of the Hedychium Genus. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7050023. [PMID: 32354114 PMCID: PMC7281329 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A current research topic of great interest is the study of the therapeutic properties of plants and of their bioactive secondary metabolites. Plants have been used to treat all types of health problems from allergies to cancer, in addition to their use in the perfumery industry and as food. Hedychium species are among those plants used in folk medicine in several countries and several works have been reported to verify if and how effectively these plants exert the effects reported in folk medicine, studying their essential oils, extracts and pure secondary metabolites. Hedychium coronarium and Hedychium spicatum are the most studied species. Interesting compounds have been identified like coronarin D, which possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities, as well as isocoronarin D, linalool and villosin that exhibit better cytotoxicity towards tumor cell lines than the reference compounds used, with villosin not affecting the non-tumor cell line. Linalool and α-pinene are the most active compounds found in Hedychium essential oils, while β-pinene is identified as the most widespread compound, being reported in 12 different Hedychium species. Since only some Hedychium species have been investigated, this review hopes to shed some light on the uncharted territory that is the Hedychium genus.
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18
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Chalcones and Flavanones Bearing Hydroxyl and/or Methoxyl Groups: Synthesis and Biological Assessments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones and flavanones are isomeric structures and also classes of natural products, belonging to the flavonoid family. Moreover, their wide range of biological activities makes them key scaffolds for the synthesis of new and more efficient drugs. In this work, the synthesis of hydroxy and/or methoxychalcones was studied using less common bases, such as sodium hydride (NaH) and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS), in the aldol condensation. The results show that the use of NaH was more effective for the synthesis of 2′-hydroxychalcone derivatives, while LiHMDS led to the synthesis of polyhydroxylated chalcones in a one-pot process. During this study, it was also possible to establish the conditions that favor their isomerization into flavanones, allowing at the same time the synthesis of hydroxy and/or methoxyflavanones. The chalcones and flavanones obtained were evaluated to disclose their antioxidant, anticholinesterasic, antibacterial and antitumor activities. 2′,4′,4-Trihydroxychalcone was the most active compound in terms of antioxidant, anti-butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 26.55 ± 0.55 μg/mL, similar to control drug donepezil, IC50 28.94 ± 1.76 μg/mL) and antimicrobial activity. 4′,7-Dihydroxyflavanone presented dual inhibition, that is, the ability to inhibit both cholinesterases. 4′-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone and 2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone were the compounds with the best antitumor activity. The substitution pattern and the biological assay results allowed the establishment of some structure/activity relationships.
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19
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Satou T, Hanashima Y, Mizutani I, Koike K. The effect of inhalation of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis
on scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type dementia model mice. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Satou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; International University of Health and Welfare; 2600-1 Kitakanemaru Ohtawara City, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
| | - Yuki Hanashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Iho Mizutani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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20
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Jankowska M, Rogalska J, Wyszkowska J, Stankiewicz M. Molecular Targets for Components of Essential Oils in the Insect Nervous System-A Review. Molecules 2017; 23:E34. [PMID: 29295521 PMCID: PMC5943938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are lipophilic secondary metabolites obtained from plants; terpenoids represent the main components of them. A lot of studies showed neurotoxic actions of EOs. In insects, they cause paralysis followed by death. This feature let us consider components of EOs as potential bioinsecticides. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the one of the most investigated mechanisms of action in EOs. However, EOs are rather weak inhibitors of AChE. Another proposed mechanism of EO action is a positive allosteric modulation of GABA receptors (GABArs). There are several papers that prove the potentiation of GABA effect on mammalian receptors induced by EOs. In contrast, there is lack of any data concerning the binding of EO components in insects GABArs. In insects, EOs act also via the octopaminergic system. Available data show that EOs can increase the level of both cAMP and calcium in nervous cells. Moreover, some EO components compete with octopamine in binding to its receptor. Electrophysiological experiments performed on Periplaneta americana have shown similarity in the action of EO components and octopamine. This suggests that EOs can modify neuron activity by octopamine receptors. A multitude of potential targets in the insect nervous system makes EO components interesting candidates for bio-insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jankowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Justyna Rogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wyszkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland; Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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21
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Cutillas AB, Carrasco A, Martinez-Gutierrez R, Tomas V, Tudela J. Composition and Antioxidant, Antienzymatic and Antimicrobial Activities of Volatile Molecules from Spanish Salvia lavandulifolia (Vahl) Essential Oils. Molecules 2017; 22:E1382. [PMID: 28825692 PMCID: PMC6152226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study describes the composition of Salvia lavandulifolia (Vahl) essential oils (SlEOs) obtained from plants cultivated in Murcia (Spain), as determined by gas chromatography. Relative and absolute concentrations, the enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds and the in vitro antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities are described. The main components of the SlEOs were camphor, 1,8-cineole, camphene and α-pinene, and the main enantiomers were (+)-camphor and (-)-camphene. The activities against free radicals and the capacity to reduce and chelate metallic ions were measured. SlEO-3 showed the highest activity in ORAC, DPPH, ABTS and reducing power methods, while SlEO-1 exhibited the highest chelating power. The activity of lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase could be inhibited by all the SlEOs, being bornyl acetate and limonene the most active individual compounds against lipoxygenase and 1,8-cineole against acetylcholinesterase. SlEOs and some individual compounds inhibited Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. These results increase our knowledge of SlEOs and, particularly, provide for the first time a complete characterization of SlEOs from Murcia, Spain, while proposing possible biotechnological uses for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belen Cutillas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Carrasco
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Virginia Tomas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Tudela
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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22
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Aumeeruddy-Elalfi Z, Lall N, Fibrich B, Blom van Staden A, Hosenally M, Mahomoodally MF. Selected essential oils inhibit key physiological enzymes and possess intracellular and extracellular antimelanogenic properties in vitro. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:232-243. [PMID: 29389560 PMCID: PMC9332674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) extracted from six medicinal herbs and food plants [Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ), Psiadia arguta (PA), Psiadia terebinthina (PT), Citrus grandis (CGp), Citrus hystrix (CH), and Citrus reticulata (CR)] were studied for any inhibitory potential against key physiological enzymes involved in diabetes (α-glucosidase), skin aging (collagenase and elastase), and neurodegenerative disorders (acetylcholinesterase). Kinetic studies of the active EOs on the aforementioned enzymes were determined using Lineweaver–Burk plots. The intracellular and extracellular antimelanogenic potential of the EOs were evaluated on B16F10 mouse melanocytes. CH and CR were found to significantly inhibit (2.476 ± 0.13 μg/mL and 3.636 ± 0.10 μg/mL, respectively) acetylcholinesterase, compared with galantamine (3.989 ± 0.16 μg/mL). CH inhibited collagenase (50% inhibitory concentration 28.71 ± 0.16 μg/mL) compared with the control (24.45 ± 0.19 μg/mL). The percentage inhibition in the elastase assay of CH was 63.21% compared to the positive control (75.09%). In addition, CH, CR, CGp, CZ, and PT were found to significantly inhibit α-glucosidase (276.70 ± 0.73 μg/mL, 169.90 ± 0.58 μg/mL, 240.60 ± 6.50 μg/mL, 64.52 ± 0.69 μg/mL, and 313.0 ± 5.0 μg/mL, respectively), compared to acarbose (448.80 ± 0.81 μg/mL). Active EOs showed both uncompetitive and competitive types of inhibition. The EOs also inhibited intracellular (50% inhibitory concentration 15.92 ± 1.06 μg/mL, 23.75 ± 4.47 μg/mL, and 28.99 ± 5.70 μg/mL for CH, CR, and CGp, respectively) and extracellular (< 15.625 μg/mL for CH, CR, CGp, and PT) melanin production when tested against B16F10 mouse melanocytes. Results from the present study tend to show that EOs extracted from these medicinal plants can inhibit key enzymes and may be potential candidates for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namrita Lall
- Plant Sciences Complex, Medicinal Plant Science (Department of Plant and Soil Sciences), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bianca Fibrich
- Plant Sciences Complex, Medicinal Plant Science (Department of Plant and Soil Sciences), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Analike Blom van Staden
- Plant Sciences Complex, Medicinal Plant Science (Department of Plant and Soil Sciences), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Muzzammil Hosenally
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Social Studies & Humanities, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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23
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Şanli A, Karadoğan T. GEOGRAPHICAL IMPACT ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF ENDEMIC KUNDMANNIA ANATOLICA HUB.-MOR. (APIACEAE). AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2017. [PMID: 28480390 DOI: 10.2110/ajtcam.v14i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kundmannia anatolica Hub.-Mor. is an endemic specie of Apiaceae diversified in Turkey. Several parts of the plant may contain essential oils in different quantity which can be influenced by environmental factors, mainly altitude. The aim of this study was to test whether there is any altitude effect on volatile chemical constituents of essential oil obtained from the fruits of K. anatolica growing spontaneously in different altitudes of Lakes Region in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS K. anatolica was collected in 2015 at different altitudes (400, 820, 1002 and 1560 m) of Lakes Region Turkey. The fruits of the plants were distilled for 3 h using a Clevenger type apparatus according to the British Pharmacopiea (1980). Essential oils of the fruits were collected using hydro distillation method and analyzed by GC-MS/FID. RESULTS Essential oil contents of fruits increased by corresponding increase in altitude level. Predominant compounds were a-Pinene (27.87-61.94%) and β-Pinene (24.92-36.46%) of the total oil of K. anatolica. Other important compounds were α-Thujene (2.66-8.15%), l-Limonene (1.83-8.23%), α-Phellandrene (1.85-5.01%) and these compounds were higher in low altitudes. CONCLUSION Altitude change affected the terpenoid biosynthesis and oxygenated monoterpenes generally and were greatest when low; while sesquiterpene constituents were greatest at high altitudes. The influence of altitude seems to be an important factor for yielding the chemical profile of K. anatolica essential oils. Thus, the location of the plant must be taken into account depending on the intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Şanli
- süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tahsin Karadoğan
- süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Isparta, Turkey
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Şanli A, Karadoğan T. GEOGRAPHICAL IMPACT ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF ENDEMIC KUNDMANNIA ANATOLICA HUB.-MOR. (APIACEAE). AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2016; 14:131-137. [PMID: 28480390 PMCID: PMC5411863 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Kundmannia anatolica Hub.-Mor. is an endemic specie of Apiaceae diversified in Turkey. Several parts of the plant may contain essential oils in different quantity which can be influenced by environmental factors, mainly altitude. The aim of this study was to test whether there is any altitude effect on volatile chemical constituents of essential oil obtained from the fruits of K. anatolica growing spontaneously in different altitudes of Lakes Region in Turkey. Materials and Methods: K. anatolica was collected in 2015 at different altitudes (400, 820, 1002 and 1560 m) of Lakes Region Turkey. The fruits of the plants were distilled for 3 h using a Clevenger type apparatus according to the British Pharmacopiea (1980). Essential oils of the fruits were collected using hydro distillation method and analyzed by GC-MS/FID. Results: Essential oil contents of fruits increased by corresponding increase in altitude level. Predominant compounds were a-Pinene (27.87-61.94%) and β-Pinene (24.92-36.46%) of the total oil of K. anatolica. Other important compounds were α-Thujene (2.66-8.15%), l-Limonene (1.83-8.23%), α-Phellandrene (1.85-5.01%) and these compounds were higher in low altitudes. Conclusion: Altitude change affected the terpenoid biosynthesis and oxygenated monoterpenes generally and were greatest when low; while sesquiterpene constituents were greatest at high altitudes. The influence of altitude seems to be an important factor for yielding the chemical profile of K. anatolica essential oils. Thus, the location of the plant must be taken into account depending on the intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Şanli
- süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Tahsin Karadoğan
- süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Isparta, Turkey
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25
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Effect of Inhaling Cymbopogon martinii Essential Oil and Geraniol on Serum Biochemistry Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Biochem Res Int 2014; 2014:493183. [PMID: 25574396 PMCID: PMC4276358 DOI: 10.1155/2014/493183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the inhalation of Cymbopogon martinii essential oil (EO) and geraniol on Wistar rats were evaluated for biochemical parameters and hepatic oxidative stress. Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): G1 was control group, treated with saline solution; G2 received geraniol; and G3 received C. martinii EO by inhalation during 30 days. No significant differences were observed in glycemia and triacylglycerol levels; G2 and G3 decreased (P < 0.05) total cholesterol level. There were no differences in serum protein, urea, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and total hepatic protein. Creatinine levels increased in G2 but decreased in G3. Alanine aminotransferase activity and lipid hydroperoxide were higher in G2 than in G3. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in G3. C. martinii EO and geraniol increased glutathione peroxidase. Oxidative stress caused by geraniol may have triggered some degree of hepatic toxicity, as verified by the increase in serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase. Therefore, the beneficial effects of EO on oxidative stress can prevent the toxicity in the liver. This proves possible interactions between geraniol and numerous chemical compounds present in C. martinii EO.
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Hajimehdipoor H, Mosaddegh M, Naghibi F, Haeri A, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M. Natural sesquiterpen lactones as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2014; 86:801-806. [PMID: 24838542 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and the purpose of the study: The amount of elder people who suffer from Alzheimer disease is continuously increasing every year. Cholinesterase inhibitors have shown to be effective in alleviating the symptoms of the disease, thus opening a field of research for these treatments. Herbal products, owning a reputation as effective agents in many biological studies are now drawing attention for inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, in other words, Alzheimer disease. In the present study, the ability of three sesquiterpene lactones from Inula oculus-christi and I. aucheriana to inhibit AChE has been evaluated through Ellman assay. Materials and Methods: Gaillardin and pulchellin C were obtained from I. oculus-christi and britannin from I. aucheriana by chromatographic methods. They were dissolved in methanol in concentration of 3 mg/mL and the AChEI activity of the compounds was determined by Ellman method using Acethylthiocholine iodide as the substrate and 5, 5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid as the reagent, in 96-well plates at 405 nm. Results: AChEI activity of the examined compounds was obtained as 67.0, 25.2 and 10.9% in concentration of 300 µg/L for gaillardin, britannin and pulchellin C, respectively. Conclusion: Among the three sesquiterpene lactones, gaillardin with 67% inhibition of AChE could be considered a good candidate for future Alzheimer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mosaddegh
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Naghibi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Haeri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary therapy has received great interest within the field of dementia treatment and the use of aromatherapy and essential oils is increasing. In a growing population where the majority of patients are treated by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, the efficacy of treatment is short term and accompanied by negative side effects. Utilisation of complimentary therapies in dementia care settings presents as one of few options that are attractive to practitioners and families as patients often have reduced insight and ability to verbally communicate adverse reactions. Amongst the most distressing features of dementia are the behavioural and psychological symptoms. Addressing this facet has received particular interest in aromatherapy trials, with a shift in focus from reducing cognitive dysfunction to the reduction of behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of aromatherapy as an intervention for people with dementia. SEARCH METHODS ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group Specialized Register, was searched on 26 November 2012 and 20 January 2013 using the terms: aromatherapy, lemon, lavender, rose, aroma, alternative therapies, complementary therapies, essential oils. SELECTION CRITERIA All relevant randomised controlled trials were considered. A minimum length of a trial and requirements for follow-up were not included, and participants in included studies had a diagnosis of dementia of any type and severity. The review considered all trials using fragrance from plants defined as aromatherapy as an intervention with people with dementia and all relevant outcomes were considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Titles and abstracts extracted by the searches were screened for their eligibility for potential inclusion in the review. For Burns 2011, continuous outcomes were estimated as the mean difference between groups and its 95% confidence interval using a fixed-effect model. For Ballard 2002, analysis of co-variance was used for all outcomes, with the nursing home being treated as a random effect. MAIN RESULTS Seven studies with 428 participants were included in this review; only two of these had published usable results. Individual patient data were obtained from one trial (Ballard 2002) and additional analyses performed. The additional analyses conducted using individual patient data from Ballard 2002 revealed a statistically significant treatment effect in favour of the aromatherapy intervention on measures of agitation (n = 71, MD -11.1, 95% CI -19.9 to -2.2) and behavioural symptoms (n = 71, MD -15.8, 95% CI -24.4 to -7.2). Burns 2011, however, found no difference in agitation (n = 63, MD 0.00, 95% CI -1.36 to 1.36), behavioural symptoms (n = 63, MD 2.80, 95% CI -5.84 to 11.44), activities of daily living (n = 63, MD -0.50, 95% CI -1.79 to 0.79) and quality of life (n = 63, MD 19.00, 95% CI -23.12 to 61.12). Burns 2011 and Fu 2013 found no difference in adverse effects (n = 124, RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.15 to 6.46) when aromatherapy was compared to placebo. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The benefits of aromatherapy for people with dementia are equivocal from the seven trials included in this review. It is important to note there were several methodological difficulties with the included studies. More well-designed, large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed before clear conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of aromatherapy for dementia. Additionally, several issues need to be addressed, such as whether different aromatherapy interventions are comparable and the possibility that outcomes may vary for different types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Thorgrimsen Forrester
- Department of Anaesthesia, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, UK, AB25 2ZN
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Zare-Zardini H, Tolueinia B, Hashemi A, ebrahimi L, Fesahat F. Antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of a new peptide from Ziziphus jujuba fruits. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:702-9. [PMID: 24005854 PMCID: PMC10852667 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513500839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Antioxidant agents and cholinesterase inhibitors are the foremost drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a new peptide from Ziziphus jujuba fruits was investigated for its inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes as well as antioxidant activity. This peptide was introduced as a new peptide and named Snakin-Z. The Snakin-Z displayed considerable cholinesterase inhibition against AChE and BChE. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Snakin-Z against AChE and BChE are 0.58 ± 0.08 and 0.72 ± 0.085 mg/mL, respectively. This peptide has 80% enzyme inhibitory activity on AChE and BChE at 1.5 mg/mL. The Snakin-Z also had the high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.75 ± 0.09 mg/mL). Thus, it is suggested that Snakin-Z may be beneficial in the treatment of AD. However, more detailed researches are still required as in vivo testing its anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behnaz Tolueinia
- Department of biology, University of Applied Science and Technology of Sistan and Baluchestan, Minushargh Branch, Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azam Hashemi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila ebrahimi
- Department of Hematology, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Csuk R, Albert S, Kluge R, Ströhl D. Resveratrol Derived Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:499-503. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Bereich Organische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale); Germany
| | - Sabrina Albert
- Bereich Organische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale); Germany
| | - Ralph Kluge
- Bereich Organische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale); Germany
| | - Dieter Ströhl
- Bereich Organische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale); Germany
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Si L, Chen Y, Han X, Zhan Z, Tian S, Cui Q, Wang Y. Chemical composition of essential oils of Litsea cubeba harvested from its distribution areas in China. Molecules 2012; 17:7057-66. [PMID: 22683894 PMCID: PMC6268156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. is a promising industrial crop with fruits rich in essential oils. The chemical composition of essential oils of L. cubeba (EOLC) were determined for fruits harvested from eight regions in China. The overall essential oil content, obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ranged from 3.04% to 4.56%. In total, 59 compounds were identified, the dominant components being monoterpenes (94.4-98.4%), represented mainly by neral and geranial (78.7-87.4%). D-Limonene was unexpectedly a lesser constituent (0.7-5.3%) in fruits, which differed from previous reports (6.0-14.6%). Several components were only detected in certain regions and compounds such as o-cymene and eremophilene have never before been reported in EOLC. These results demonstrate significant regional variation in the chemical composition of EOLC. This investigation provides important information with regard to the bioactivity, breeding work and industrial applications of L. cubeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Si
- State key Laboratory of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State key Laboratory of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Xiaojiao Han
- State key Laboratory of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhan
- State key Laboratory of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Shengping Tian
- State key Laboratory of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Qinqin Cui
- State key Laboratory of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State key Laboratory of Forest Genetic and Tree Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, China
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