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Rufa’i FA, Baecker D, Mukhtar MD. Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Analysis, and Evaluating In Vivo Antitrypanosomal Effects of a Methanolic Extract of Garcinia kola Nuts on Rats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040713. [PMID: 37107074 PMCID: PMC10135259 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomiasis is a serious disease that affects both humans and animals, causing social and economic losses. Efforts to find new therapeutic approaches are warranted to improve treatment options. Therefore, the purpose of this communication includes the phytochemical screening of a methanolic extract of Garcinia kola nuts and the in vivo evaluation of its biological activity against rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and treated with 4 different concentrations of the extract (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg). Treatment with suramin served as a positive control, while the negative control received no drug. Since the general toxicity of the extract could be ruled out, efficacy was evaluated based on physiological changes, such as induction of trypanosome parasitemia, influence on body temperature, and body weight. Survival was assessed during this study. Physical parameters, behavioral characteristics, and various hematological indices were also monitored. Based on the (patho)physiological and behavioral parameters (e.g., no parasitemia, no increase in body temperature, an increase in body weight, no loss of condition, no alopecia, and no gangrene), the efficacy of the extract was evident, which was also confirmed by 100% survival, while in the negative control, all rats died during the observation period. Since overall very similar results were obtained as a result of treatment with the established suramin, the in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of a methanolic extract of G. kola nuts on rats can be demonstrated in this communication. This opens the way, for example, for further development of drug formulations based on this methanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatihu Ahmad Rufa’i
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria
- Kano Liaison Office, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis (and Onchocerciasis) Research, Kaduna PMB 2077, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Muhammad Dauda Mukhtar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria
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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Moringa oleifera Lam Leaves Extract and Isolated Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020899. [PMID: 36677956 PMCID: PMC9866898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera, native to India, grows in tropical and subtropical regions around the world and has valuable pharmacological properties such as anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-infertility, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antioxidant, and many more. The purpose of this study was to assess the free radical scavenging ability of two extracts and two pure compounds of M. oleifera Lam (hexane, ethanol, compound E3, and compound Ra) against reactive oxygen species, as well as their reducing power and antimicrobial activities. Bioautography antioxidant assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenging, and iron (iii) (Fe3+ to Fe2+) chloride reducing power assays were used to assess the extracts' qualitative and quantitative free radical scavenging activities. Furthermore, the extract and the compounds were tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains suspended in Mueller-Hinton Broth. The extracts and pure compounds showed noteworthy antioxidant potential, with positive compound bands in the Rf range of 0.05-0.89. DPPH), H2O2, and Fe3+ to Fe2+ reduction assays revealed that ethanol extract has a high antioxidant potential, followed by compound E3, compound Ra, and finally hexane extract. Using regression analysis, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for test and control samples were calculated. Compound Ra and ethanol exhibited high antioxidant activity at concentrations as low as ≈0.28 mg/mL in comparison with n-hexane extract, compound E3, ascorbic acid, and butylated hydroxytoluene standards. The radical scavenging activity of almost all M. oleifera plant extracts against DPPH was observed at 0.28 mg/mL; however, the highest activity was observed at the same concentration for ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with a low IC50 value of 0.08 mg/mL and compound Ra and ethanol with a low IC50 of 0.4 mg/mL, respectively. The extracts and pure compounds of M. oleifera have little to no antibacterial potential. M. oleifera extracts contain antioxidant agents efficient to alleviate degenerative conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular disease but have little activity against infectious diseases.
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Immune System and Epidemics: The Role of African Indigenous Bioactive Substances. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020273. [PMID: 36678143 PMCID: PMC9864875 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With over 6 million coronavirus pandemic deaths, the African continent reported the lowest death rate despite having a high disease burden. The African community's resilience to the pandemic has been attributed to climate and weather conditions, herd immunity, repeated exposure to infectious organisms that help stimulate the immune system, and a disproportionately large youth population. In addition, functional foods, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements contain micronutrients and bioactive compounds that can help boost the immune system. This review identified significant traditional fermented foods and herbal remedies available within the African continent with the potential to boost the immune system in epidemics and pandemics. Methodology: Databases, such as PubMed, the Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched using relevant search terms to identify traditional African fermented foods and medicinal plants with immune-boosting or antiviral capabilities. Cereal-based fermented foods, meat-, and fish-based fermented foods, and dairy-based fermented foods containing antioxidants, immunomodulatory effects, probiotics, vitamins, and peptides were identified and discussed. In addition, nine herbal remedies and spices belonging to eight plant families have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and antiviral properties. Peptides, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, ascorbic acid, minerals, vitamins, and saponins are some of the bioactive compounds in the remedies. Bioactive compounds in food and plants significantly support the immune system and help increase resistance against infectious diseases. The variety of food and medicinal plants found on the African continent could play an essential role in providing community resilience against infectious diseases during epidemics and pandemics. The African continent should investigate nutritional, herbal, and environmental factors that support healthy living and longevity.
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Olatoye FJ, Akindele AJ. Ninety-day oral toxicological profiling of Kolaviron (an extract of Garcinia kola) in male and female rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1-14. [PMID: 34866527 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1997543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There remains an insufficiency of data on the long-term toxicological profile of Garcinia kola Heckel and its extract, Kolaviron (KV), despite several studies on its pharmacological effects. This research was designed to investigate the long-term histopathological, hematological, biochemical, hormonal, reproductive, and oxidative effects of 90 days administration of KV to male and female rats, as well as additional 30 days reversibility study to assess the potential for reversal of induced effects. Fifty-six male and female Wistar rats divided into four groups were treated orally with distilled water/propylene glycol, 20 mg/kg KV, 100 mg/kg KV, and 500 mg/kg KV for 90 days. At the end of 90 days and 30 additional days of reversibility study, 5 ml blood was collected from animals for relevant analyses. Vital organs were harvested for histopathological assessments. In this study, KV did not elicit any adverse effect on histopathological presentations of vital organs which were generally non-abnormal. There was significant increase (p < 0.05) in LEU, MON, EOS%, BAS%, HCT (male animals) and LYM%, EOS%, BAS%, RBC, hemoglobin and MCH (female animals). There was significant diminution (p < 0.05) in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels, with significant increase (p < 0.05) in HDL level in both male and female animals. KV elicited a non-significant increase in sperm count accompanied by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in levels of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in male rats. Furthermore, KV elicited significant (p < 0.001-0.05) elevation in the levels of GSH, SOD and CAT, and diminution in the level of MDA. The findings in this study suggest that long-term administration of KV is considerably safe with some variations in response between male and female animals. The possible sustenance of observed effects after cessation of KV administration, lipid lowering, erythropoiesis inducing, and immune system boosting activities of KV were confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Olatoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abidemi J Akindele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
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Muzahid AA, Sharmin S, Hossain MS, Ahamed KU, Ahmed N, Yeasmin MS, Ahmed NU, Saha BK, Rana GM, Maitra B, Bhuiyan MNH. Analysis of bioactive compounds present in different crude extracts of Benincasa hispida and Cucurbita moschata seeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12702. [PMID: 36685362 PMCID: PMC9849979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant seeds are the resources of many different bioactive components. The chemical composition of the different crude extracts from Benincasa hispida (White pumpkin) and Cucurbita moschata (Pumpkin) seeds with three different polarity-based solvents (n-hexane, n-hexane-chloroform (2:1), and methanol) was analyzed to identify the biologically active compounds. Each of the extracts was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Different extracts of targeted seeds showed different biologically active compounds that have different pharmacological potentialities. 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (ZZ) was the most potent bioactive compound present in three different extracts of both B. hispida and C. moschata. Another bioactive compound comparatively low percentage present in both plants was n-hexadecanoic acid. Other major pharmacologically active compounds present in both plants were 9- Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (E, E). Besides these compounds, a few more biologically active compounds were present in the two plants separately. The findings of this study support the use of these seeds in modern functional foods, nutraceuticals, and medicinal purposes, and the whole seeds would give better health benefits rather than use any extract. Although further pharmacological examinations should be carried out to conclude the medicinal application of the seeds of these two plants as well as to understand the mechanism of the potential health benefits.
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Antibacterial Activity of Jojoba Seed residue and Its Possible Active Compound. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2022. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.6.218-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) (Link) C.K. is a shrub plant widely used in cosmetics, especially jojoba oil. The residue will remain when producing jojoba oil and become waste. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Jojoba seed residue (JSR) and its possible active antibacterial compounds. JSR was collected from Sudan and extracted by maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. The antibacterial activity was determined with the microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The 70% ethanol extract showed the value of MIC and MBC against E. coli, which was 7.8 mg/ml; meanwhile, against S. aureus was 3.9 mg/mL and 7.8 mg/mL, respectively. Fractionation of 70% ethanol extract using silica gel column chromatography with gradient elution produced ten fractions. Fraction 3 showed the MIC and MBC values in E. coli which were 3.1 mg/mL and 12 mg/ml, and in S. aureus, which were 3.1 mg/mL and 6.2 mg/mL. The fractionation continued to Fraction 3 using preparative thin layer chromatography to collect subfraction 3.2 at an Rf value of 0.76, actively based on contact autobiography against E. coli and S. aureus. Embelin was detected in Subfraction 3.2 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) and suggested as the active antibacterial component in JSR.
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Biological Evaluation of Garcinia kola Heckel. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:3837965. [PMID: 35528115 PMCID: PMC9071884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3837965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinia kola belongs to the Garcinia genus of the Clusiaceae family and Malpighiales order. It contains more than 180 members all over the globe. It is found all over Asia and in tropical African countries. In Africa, traditionally, G kola is used to manage and treat cancer, diabetes, malaria, analgesics, hypertension, and other numerous ailments. This review aimed to comprehensively update relevant information regarding the pharmacological potential of Garcinia kola. Electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, Hindawi, and Springer extracted valuable information from original scientific research papers. Inclusion Criteria. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, medications, antiviral, traditional medicine, ethnopharmacology, toxicity, cytotoxic action, chemical composition, mineral elements, GCMS analysis, and any other related phrases were used as filters to find studies. Exclusion Criteria. Data from questionable online sources, as well as thesis reports and review publications, were excluded from this investigation. The investigation revealed that seeds of G. kola are very efficient as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertension, antianalgesic, and anti-inflammatory. The study also found that too much consumption of the seeds caused low fertility and toxicity. However, the safety and efficacy of G. kola have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings. The mechanism of action of the seed extract should be examined. The standard dose and safety of the seed should be established.
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Emmanuel O, Uche ME, Dike ED, Etumnu LR, Ugbogu OC, Ugbogu EA. A review on garcinia kola heckel: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicology. Biomarkers 2021; 27:101-117. [PMID: 34904497 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2016974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Garcinia kola is a medicinal plant commonly known as bitter kola. It is utilised in ethnomedicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, bronchitis, bacterial infection, cough, hepatitis, gonorrhoea, laryngitis, food poison, liver and gastric diseases. OBJECTIVE This study reviewed the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and ethnomedicinal potentials of G. kola. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive review was performed using electronic literature collated from ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley, and PubMed databases. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed the isolation of several chemical compounds including 9-octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, 14-methylpentadecanoic acid, 1-butanol, hexadecanamide, I-4',II-4',I-5,II-5,I-7,II-7-hexahydroxy-I-3,II-8-biflavanone, lanost-7-en-3-one, kolaflavanone (8E)-4-geranyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzophenone, glutinol, Garcinia biflavonoid (GB-2a-II-4'-OMe), 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, 24-methylene, tirucallol, lupeol, β-amyrin, obtusifoliol and Kolaviron. Diverse pharmacological in-vivo and in vitro investigations revealed that G. kola has anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-asthmatic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that G. kola has preventive and therapeutic potentials against various diseases in both in vivo and in vitro studies and therefore can be utilised as a raw material in the pharmaceutical industries for the development of therapeutic products. However, there is a need for clinical trial experiments to validate and provide accurate and substantial information on the required safe dosage and efficacy for the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
| | - Miracle E Uche
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel D Dike
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
| | - Lotanna R Etumnu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
| | | | - Eziuche A Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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Investigation of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Lobularia maritima: Potent Therapeutic Applications. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1981680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lobularia maritima, commonly known as sweet alyssum, is an annual ornamental halophyte widely spread along the Tunisian seashore. However, little is known about the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Lobularia maritima. The present study aimed to investigate the potential biological properties of different parts (flowers, leaves, roots, and stems) of Tunisian L. maritima using diverse extraction methods. Extracts were then studied for their antioxidant properties, and the highest antioxidant activity was presented in the roots’ fractions. Added to this, flower, leaf, and root fractions showed interesting antimicrobial and antifungal activities against different Gram+ and Gram− bacteria and against Aspergillus ochraceus. Finally, the most active fractions (presenting the highest biological activities) were analyzed using silica gel purification and mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis, and different compounds were identified such as camphor, amide of oleic acids, tributyl acetylcitrate, betulinaldehyde, menthol, 1′-(butyn-3-one-1-yl)-, (1S, 2S, 5R), benzyl benzoate, 7-acetyl-6-ethyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetralin, 2,4-heptadienal, (E,E), and nootkaton-11,12-epoxide. This work represents the first in-depth investigation of the content of bioactive compounds from Lobularia maritima. This species could potentially be a promising source of useful compounds for therapeutic applications.
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Adewole KE, Ishola AA, Omolaso BO. Identification of potential histone deacetylase inhibitory biflavonoids from Garcinia kola (Guttiferae) using in silico protein-ligand interaction. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Overactivity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is the underlying cause of some cancers, thus, inhibiting their overactivities is a rational treatment option. However, endeavors to employ current anti-HDACs agents in cancer treatment have yielded limited success. Consequently, there is need to explore anti-HDACs natural products, especially from plants sources, because of the intimate relationship plant products and drug discovery have enjoyed over the centuries. To identify possible HDACs inhibitors, Garcinia kola (Guttiferae) seed-derived compounds were screened in silico for HDAC-inhibitory tendencies because of their reported anticancer potentials. Fifteen G. kola-derived compounds and givinostat were docked with five selected HDACs using AutodockVina, while the binding interactions of the compounds with high binding affinities for the five HDACs were viewed with Discovery Studio Visualizer BIOVIA, 2016. Results indicated that four of the compounds studied, including amentoflavone, Garcinia biflavonoid 1, Garcinia biflavonoid 2 and kolaflavanone have higher binding propensity for all the five HDACs relative to givinostat, the standard HDAC inhibitor. This study indicated that inhibition of HDAC might be another key mechanism accountable for the bioactivities of G. kola and its intrinsic compounds. The results from this study implied that the compounds could be further investigated as drugable HDAC inhibitors with potential pharmacological applications in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode E. Adewole
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Medical Sciences , Ondo City , Ondo State , Nigeria
| | - Ahmed A. Ishola
- Central Research Laboratories Limited , University Road , Ilorin , Kwara State , Nigeria
| | - Blessing O. Omolaso
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences , University of Medical Sciences , Ondo City , Ondo State , Nigeria
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Adeleye OA, Femi-Oyewo MN, Bamiro OA, Bakre LG, Alabi A, Ashidi JS, Balogun-Agbaje OA, Hassan OM, Fakoya G. Ethnomedicinal herbs in African traditional medicine with potential activity for the prevention, treatment, and management of coronavirus disease 2019. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:72. [PMID: 33778086 PMCID: PMC7980728 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnomedicine, a study of traditional medicine, is significant in drug discovery and development. African traditional medicine has been in existence for several thousands of years, and several drugs have been discovered and developed from it. MAIN TEXT The deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has widely spread globally with high mortality and morbidity. Its prevention, treatment and management still pose a serious challenge. A drug for the cure of this disease is yet to be developed. The clinical management at present is based on symptomatic treatment as presented by individuals infected and this is by combination of more than two drugs such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-microbials. Literature search was performed through electronic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and several research reports including WHO technical documents and monographs. CONCLUSION Drug discovery from herbs is essential and should be exploited for the discovery of drugs for the management of COVID-19. This review is aimed at identifying ethnomedicinal herbs available in Africa that could be used for the discovery and development of a drug for the prevention, treatment, and management of the novel coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutayo Ademola Adeleye
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Mbang Nyong Femi-Oyewo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Oluyemisi Adebowale Bamiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Lateef Gbenga Bakre
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Akinyinka Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Joseph Senu Ashidi
- Department of Plant Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwakemi Mary Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola Fakoya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State Nigeria
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Diab TA, Donia T, Saad-Allah KM. Characterization, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of some Egyptian wild plant extracts. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Natural products from plants are very safe as compared to synthetic ones, so the aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activities of the ethanolic extracts of four Egyptian wild plant species (Varthemia candicans, Peganum harmala, Suaeda vermiculata, and Conyza dioscoridis), as well as polyphenols and flavonoid contents with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the four plant extracts was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to determine 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power by phosphomolybdate assay. In addition, the chemical composition of the four sample extracts was investigated using GC-MS. The total phenolic and flavonoid levels were also determined. Then, the antitumor activity of the plant extracts against HepG2 cells was determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results
The results showed that Varthemia candicans extract was the highest one regarding both polyphenols and flavonoid contents. Moreover, the extract of Suaeda vermiculata exhibited the lowest half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) against DPPH, thus indicating its highest effectiveness. All studied plant extracts decreased the viability of HepG2 cells, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the lowest IC50 was for Suaeda vermiculata.
Conclusion
The investigated plant extracts showed potent antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro due to their phytochemical contents.
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Optimization Extraction of Shikonin Using Ultrasound-Assisted Response Surface Methodology and Antibacterial Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1208617. [PMID: 32802111 PMCID: PMC7411493 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1208617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop and optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for shikonin from Arnebia euchroma using response surface methodology (RSM) and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of shikonin. The maximum yield of shikonin was 1.26% under the optimal extraction conditions (ultrasound power, 93 W; time, 87 min; temperature, 39°C; and liquid-solid ratio, 11 : 1). Shikonin showed inhibitory activity against standard strains and clinical isolates to varying extents (MICs ranging from 128 to 1024 μg/mL, MBCs ranging from 256 to 2048 μg/mL), and it was more effective for Gram-positive bacteria as indicated by lower MIC and MBC values. Time-kill curves revealed that antibacterial activity of shikonin exhibited a dose-response relationship. In summary, via this study, we identified ultrasound-assisted RSM as the optimal extraction method for shikonin, which is a potential material for the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Yuan S, Wu K, Duan Z, Huang Y, Lu Y, Ma X. A sustainable process for the recovery of volatile constituents from Gracilaria lemaneiformis in agar production and evaluation of their antioxidant activities. BMC Chem 2019; 13:74. [PMID: 31384821 PMCID: PMC6661735 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gracilaria lemaneiformis is a common red alga used as a raw material source for the agar industry. Its extract is rich in natural volatile constituents (VCs) having antioxidant activities. Herein, a sustainable method was used to recover VCs from the alga. The chemical composition of VCs present in the n-hexane fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and the antioxidant potential was measured using a series of in vitro biochemical assays, including DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Results The recovery yield of the VCs was 0.823 wt% of the dry mass of G. lemaneiformis. A total of 25 VCs were successfully identified, comprising approximately 99.94% of the total volume. The major component was n-hexadecanoic acid (38.57%), followed by oleic acid (25.48%), arachidonic acid (12.84%), and tetradecanoic acid (2.52%). In addition, The VCs displayed strong free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH (IC50 = 21.56 mg/L), hydroxyl (IC50 = 18.34 mg/L), and superoxide (IC50 = 391.12 mg/L) radical scavenging assays. The antioxidant activities of the VCs exhibited a dose-dependence at concentrations ranging from 5 to 200 mg/L. Conclusion The results indicated that the sustainable process improved the agar quality and that the extract contained many natural VCs with antioxidant activities, which have the potential to be used in functional food and cosmetics instead of as a discarded byproduct of the agar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Yuan
- 1Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 China
| | - Kefeng Wu
- 1Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 China
| | - Zhihong Duan
- 1Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- 1Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 China
| | - Yingnian Lu
- 1Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- 2Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 China
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Medicinal uses, thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography profiles of plant species from Abomey-Calavi and Dantokpa Market in the Republic of Benin. J Nat Med 2019; 74:311-322. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Protective effect of Juglans regia L., against ultraviolet-B induced photoaging in human epidermal keratinocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:724-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Muzaffer U, Paul VI, Prasad NR, Karthikeyan R, Agilan B. Protective effect of Juglans regia L. against ultraviolet B radiation induced inflammatory responses in human epidermal keratinocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:100-111. [PMID: 29655676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juglans regia L. has a history of traditional medicinal use for the treatment of various maladies and have been documented with significant antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Although all parts of the plant are medicinally important, but male the flower of the plant has not been yet investigated against the photo-damage. PURPOSE The present study, we sought to determine the photoprotective effect of the male flower of J. regia L. against ultraviolet-B radiation-induced inflammatory responses in human skin cells. METHODS The profile of pharmacological active compounds present in the male flower of J. regia was analyzed by GC-MS. Then, the antioxidant property of methanolic extract of J. regia (MEJR) was analyzed by in vitro free radical scavenging assays. Further, we analyzed the sun protection factor of this extract by spectrophotometry. Moreover, we investigated the photoprotective effect of MEJR against UVB induced inflammatory signaling in human epidermal cells. Human skin epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were pretreated with the MEJR (80 µg/ml), 30 min prior to UVB-irradiation at a dose of 20 mJ/cm2 and were investigated for lipid peroxidation, enzymatic antioxidants activity, apoptosis and inflammatory markers expression level. RESULTS The GC-MS results showed the presence of good amount of pharmacologically active compounds in the MEJR. We observed that the MEJR possess significant free radical scavenging activity and it was comparable with standard antioxidants. Further, the MEJR exhibits 8.8 sun-protection-factor (SPF) value. Pretreatment with MEJR, 30 min prior to UVB-irradiation, prevented ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and restored the activity of antioxidant status in HaCaT cells. Moreover, MEJR pretreatment significantly prevented UVB activated inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, NF-κB, COX-2 in HaCaT. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that MEJR exhibit photoprotective effects and hence it may be useful for the treatment of inflammation related responses. The pharmacological mechanism of MEJR partly associated with its UV absorbance, modulation of inflammatory signaling as well as due to its free radical scavenging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - V I Paul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Karthikeyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balupillai Agilan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Xiang L, Gopal J, Chun S, Lee SK, Son KC. Synergistic bacterio-myco soyabean co-fermentation methodology for harnessing the unexhausted. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science; Konkuk University; Seoul, 143-701 Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Konkuk University; Seoul, 143-701 Korea
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Konkuk University; Seoul, 143-701 Korea
| | - Si-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science; Konkuk University; Seoul, 143-701 Korea
| | - Ki-Cheol Son
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Konkuk University; Seoul, 143-701 Korea
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Móricz ÁM, Szeremeta D, Knaś M, Długosz E, Ott PG, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M. Antibacterial potential of the Cistus incanus L. phenolics as studied with use of thin-layer chromatography combined with direct bioautography and in situ hydrolysis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1534:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Enhanced antibacterial activity of TiO 2 nanoparticle surface modified with Garcinia zeylanica extract. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:7. [PMID: 28123449 PMCID: PMC5233605 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antibacterial activity of 21 nm TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and particles modified with Garcinia zeylanica (G. zeylanica) against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in the presence and absence of light. Results Surface modification of TiO2 NPs with the adsorption of G. zeylanica extract, causes to shift the absorption edge of TiO2 NPs to higher wavelength. TiO2 NPs, G. zeylanica pericarp extract showed significant bactericidal activity which was further enhanced in contact with the TiO2 modified G. zeylanica extract. Conclusions The antimicrobial activity was enhanced in the presence of TiO2 NPs modified with G. zeylanica and with longer contact time.
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Shang X, Enkhtaivan G, Chun S, Gopal J, Keum YS. Transubstantiating commercial mushroom market with ultrasonically ultrasized mushroom powders showcasing higher bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:1082-1094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Patra JK, Lee SW, Park JG, Baek KH. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Essential Oil Extracted from an Edible SeaweedUndaria Pinnatifida. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Weon Lee
- International Technology Cooperation Center, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Gyeongbuk-do 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
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23
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Shang X, Muthu M, Keum YS, Chun S, Gopal J. An agile, simplified and sonication mediated one-pot aqueous extraction and antibacterial assessment of predominant Korean mushrooms. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25514g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid sonication based aqueous extraction of antimicrobials from mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Shang
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
| | - Young Soo Keum
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Korea
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Penduka D, Basson KA, Mayekiso B, Buwa L, Okoh IA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterisation of the anti-Listeria components of Garcinia kola seeds. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Oluwatosin A, Tolulope A, Ayokulehin K, Patricia O, Aderemi K, Catherine F, Olusegun A. Antimalarial potential of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds, against Plasmodium berghei infection in Swiss albino mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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26
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Penduka D, Buwa L, Mayekiso B, Basson AK, Okoh AI. Identification of the AntiListerial Constituents in Partially Purified Column Chromatography Fractions of Garcinia kola Seeds and Their Interactions with Standard Antibiotics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:850347. [PMID: 24527056 PMCID: PMC3910419 DOI: 10.1155/2014/850347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Partially purified fractions of the n-hexane extract of Garcinia kola seeds were obtained through column chromatography and their constituents were identified through the use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three fractions were obtained by elution with benzene as the mobile phase and silica gel 60 as the stationery phase and these were named Benz1, Benz2, and Benz3 in the order of their elution. The antiListerial activities of these fractions were assessed through MIC determination and only Benz2 and Benz3 were found to be active with MIC's ranging from 0.625 to 2.5 mg/mL. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed Benz2 to have 9 compounds whilst Benz3 had 7 compounds, with the major compounds in both fractions being 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3. β .) and 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol,24-methylene-, (3. β .). The Benz2 fraction was found to have mainly indifferent interactions with ampicillin and penicillin G whilst mainly additive interactions were observed with ciprofloxacin. The Benz3 fraction's interactions were found to be 50% synergistic with penicillin G and 25% synergistic with ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. A commercially available 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3. β .) was found not to exhibit any antiListerial activities at maximum test concentrations of 5 mg/mL, suggesting that the compound could be acting in synergy with the other compounds in the eluted fractions of Garcinia kola seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Penduka
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
| | - L. Buwa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - B. Mayekiso
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - A. K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, P/Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
| | - A. I. Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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