1
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Lvov AG, Koffi Kouame E, Khusniyarov MM. Light-Induced Dyotropic Rearrangement of Diarylethenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Prospects. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301480. [PMID: 37477021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible two-photon photorearrangement of 1,2-diarylethenes is a unique process providing access to complex 2a1 ,5a-dihydro-5,6-dithiaacenaphthylene (DDA) heterocyclic core. This reaction was serendipitously discovered during studies on photoswitchable diarylethenes and was initially considered as a highly undesired process. However, in recent years, it has been recognized as an efficient photochemical reaction, interesting by itself and as a promising synthetic method for the synthesis of challenging molecules. Herein, we discuss the state-of-the-art in studies on this notable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Eric Koffi Kouame
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Arakawa K, Shimada T, Ishida T, Takagi S. Photo-cyclization, Photo-ring opening and Thermo-ring opening Reaction of Cationic Diarylethene Adsorbed on the Clay Nanosheet Surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Sudarkova SM, Ioffe IN. E/ Z photoisomerization pathway in pristine and fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23749-23757. [PMID: 36156663 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an XMCQDPT2 study of the E/Z photoisomerization in a series of fluorinated di(3-furyl)ethenes (3DFEs). Upon excitation, pristine and low-fluorinated 3DFE show conventional behavior of many diarylethenes: unhindered twisting motion toward the pyramidalized zwitterionic state where relaxation to the ground state occurs. However, deep fluorination of 3DFEs can hamper E-to-Z isomerization by giving rise to an alternative excited-state relaxation pathway: an out-of-plane motion of a ring fluorine atom. Importantly, the case of fluorinated 3DFEs reveals serious deficiencies of the popular TDDFT approach. With some commonly used exchange-correlation functionals, the alternative relaxation pathway is not reproduced and, moreover, an irrelevant ring rotation coordinate is predicted instead. Nevertheless, TDDFT remains qualitatively adequate for the E-to-Z twisting coordinate taken alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Sudarkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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4
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Zakharov AV, Yadykov AV, Gaeva EB, Metelitsa AV, Shirinian VZ. Photoinduced Skeletal Rearrangement of Diarylethenes: Photorelease of Lewis Acid and Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16806-16814. [PMID: 34709041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal photorearrangement including 6π-electrocyclization induced by UV light of ortho-halogen-substituted diarylethenes has been studied. It has been found that the reaction pathways leading to bi- or tricyclic frameworks depend on the kind of halogen substituent and solvent. Photocyclization with halogen abstraction leads to bicyclic fused aromatics, while the tricyclic frameworks are formed due to the tandem 6π-electrocyclization/sigmatropic shift reaction. THF is preferred as the solvent in the former process and chloroform in the latter reaction. It was found for the first time that, owing to the ability of this series of diarylethenes to undergo skeletal photorearrangement with the release of the bromide cation, they can be used both as brominating agents and as Lewis acids for catalyzing electrophilic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zakharov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena B Gaeva
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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5
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Jankowska J, Martyka M, Michalski M. Photo-cycloreversion mechanism in diarylethenes revisited: A multireference quantum-chemical study at the ODM2/MRCI level. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204305. [PMID: 34241185 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoswitchable diarylethenes (DAEs), over years of intense fundamental and applied research, have been established among the most commonly chosen molecular photoswitches, often employed as controlling units in molecular devices and smart materials. At the same time, providing reliable explanation for their photophysical behavior, especially the mechanism of the photo-cycloreversion transformation, turned out to be a highly challenging task. Herein, we investigate this mechanism in detail by means of multireference semi-empirical quantum chemistry calculations, allowing, for the first time, for a balanced treatment of the static and dynamic correlation effects, both playing a crucial role in DAE photochemistry. In the course of our study, we find the second singlet excited state of double electronic-excitation character to be the key to understanding the nature of the photo-cycloreversion transformation in DAE molecular photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Martyka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - M Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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6
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Fredrich S, Morack T, Sliwa M, Hecht S. Mechanistic Insights into the Triplet Sensitized Photochromism of Diarylethenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7672-7677. [PMID: 32185822 PMCID: PMC7318355 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Operating photoswitchable molecules repetitively and reliably is crucial for most of their applications, in particular in (opto)electronic devices, and related to reversibility and fatigue resistance, which both critically depend on the photoisomerization mechanism defined by the substitution pattern. Two diarylethene photoswitches bearing biacetyl triplet sensitizers either at the periphery or at the core were investigated using both stationary as well as transient UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy ranging from the femtosecond to the microsecond time scale. The diarylethene with two biacetyl moieties at the periphery is switching predominantly from the triplet excited state, giving rise to an enhanced fatigue resistance. In contrast, the diarylethene bearing one diketone at the photoreactive inner carbon atom cyclizes from the singlet excited state and shows significantly higher quantum yields for both cyclization and cycloreversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fredrich
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Tobias Morack
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 – LASIR –Laboratoire de, Spectrochimie Infrarouge et RamanF-59000LilleFrance
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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7
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Jarota A, Pastorczak E, Abramczyk H. A deeper look into the photocycloreversion of a yellow diarylethene photoswitch: why is it so fast? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5408-5412. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The DMT photoswitch features an efficient ring-opening reaction at a sub-picosecond timescale owing to a single-channel relaxation from the S1 state which leads to a conical intersection with the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Jarota
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- 93-590 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Ewa Pastorczak
- Institute of Physics
- Lodz University of Technology
- Łódź
- Poland
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry
- Lodz University of Technology
- 93-590 Łódź
- Poland
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8
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Honick CR, Peters GM, Young JD, Tovar JD, Bragg AE. Core structure dependence of cycloreversion dynamics in diarylethene analogs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3314-3328. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased core rigidity in diarylethene-type photoswitches results in shallower excited-state potential energy surfaces and faster funneling towards the conical intersections from which cycloreversion and nonreactive deactivation occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamie D. Young
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - John D. Tovar
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
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9
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Lvov AG, Yokoyama Y, Shirinian VZ. Post-Modification of the Ethene Bridge in the Rational Design of Photochromic Diarylethenes. CHEM REC 2019; 20:51-63. [PMID: 31063675 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the molecular structure of organic bistable compounds to improve their photochromic performance or to introduce additional functions remains an important issue in the development of photoresponsive materials. Diarylethenes bearing heterocyclic moieties belong to the most intensively studied class of organic photochromes due to their excellent photochemical properties. A huge number of diarylethenes have been synthesized so far. Analysis of the literature data shows that there are very worthy examples of diarylethenes developed by the Irie and Feringa groups, which can be the common starting material for a number of diarylethenes functionalized in hetaryl moieties. We refer to these structures as photochromic diarylethene precursors. These diarylethenes have proved to be very useful in the construction of functional molecules with desired properties. On the other hand, in our groups, we have elaborated on diarylethene precursors with modifiable ethene bridges. In this review, we have collected examples of such structures and their chemical modifications, leading to the improvement or fine-tuning of photochromic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Sotome H, Kitagawa D, Nakahama T, Ito S, Kobatake S, Irie M, Miyasaka H. Cyclization reaction dynamics of an inverse type diarylethene derivative as revealed by time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8623-8632. [PMID: 30816903 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photocyclization reaction dynamics of an inverse type diarylethene derivative was investigated in alkane solutions by means of ultrafast laser spectroscopies. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy showed that the Franck-Condon state formed by photoexcitation is geometrically relaxed to a transient species within 100 fs and subsequently the cyclization process takes place with a time constant of 36 ps. This time constant is much longer than those in normal type derivatives. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements with the aid of quantum chemical calculations revealed that there exist three kinds of conformers, one parallel and two anti-parallel forms, in the ground state. One of the anti-parallel conformers undergoes the cyclization reaction, while the other two conformers are nonreactive species and their major relaxation processes are radiative decay and intersystem crossing into the triplet states. The triplet states thus formed no longer undergo the cyclization reaction in the late time region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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11
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Lvov AG, Alexeeva AM, Lvova EA, Krayushkin MM, Shirinian VZ. Spectral properties and structure of unsymmetrical diarylethenes based on thiazole ring with hydrogen at the reactive carbon. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:348-356. [PMID: 29885633 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Six new photoactive unsymmetrical diarylethenes bearing thiazole ring with hydrogen at the reactive carbon atom have been synthesized. Their structures have been studied by DFT calculations and X-ray crystallography. All compounds undergo irreversible photochemical transformations under irradiation with ultraviolet light, proceeding through the photocyclization stage. It has been found that only some normal (thiophene, imidazole and pyrazole derivatives) and inverse type (oxazole derivative) diarylethenes form colored photoinduced isomers under UV. In polar acetonitrile these intermediates show relatively fast irreversible thermal reaction, while in nonpolar toluene slow cycloreversion to initial diarylethenes is the predominant process of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Anna M Alexeeva
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya A Lvova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M Krayushkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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12
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Lvov AG, Khusniyarov MM, Shirinian VZ. Azole-based diarylethenes as the next step towards advanced photochromic materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Hamdi I, Buntinx G, Perrier A, Devos O, Jaïdane N, Delbaere S, Tiwari AK, Dubois J, Takeshita M, Wada Y, Aloïse S. New insights into the photoswitching mechanisms of normal dithienylethenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:28091-28100. [PMID: 27711399 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The photoswitching and competitive processes of the referent photochromic diarylethene derivative 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (DTE) and a novel bridged analog DTE-m5 have been investigated by state-of-the-art TD-DFT calculations and ultrafast spectroscopy supported by advanced chemometric data treatments. Focusing on DTE, the overall deactivation pathway of both antiparallel (AP) and parallel (P) conformers of the open form (OF) (1 : 1 in solution) has been resolved and rationalized starting from the Franck-Condon (FC) region to the ground state recovery. For the photo-excited P conformer, after ultrafast relaxation (∼200 fs) towards the S1 relaxed state, an expected ISC occurred (55 ps) to produce a triplet state, 3P, the latter relaxing within 2.5 μs. Concerning the AP conformer, the photocyclization reaction is reported to proceed immediately (100 fs) starting from the FC region while the relaxed singlet state is populated in parallel. For the first time, we discovered that the latter state evolves through an unexpected ISC process (1 ps) giving rise to a second triplet state,3AP. For DTE-m5, by slightly constraining the molecule with the bridge, this triplet becomes reactive and participates in the formation of 10% of closed form (CF) probably through an adiabatic mechanism. Concerning the photoreversion, in accordance with the literature, we report on a two-step process, a 190 fs vibrational relaxation followed by a 6 ps ring-opening reaction. For the overall species at the singlet or triplet manifold, the use of advanced MCR-ALS allows us to obtain specific spectral signatures. This study is therefore a new step within the comprehension of DTE photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hamdi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France. and Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - G Buntinx
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France.
| | - A Perrier
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 rue Thomas Mann, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France and Chimie Paris Tech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - O Devos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France.
| | - N Jaïdane
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S Delbaere
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France.
| | - A K Tiwari
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France.
| | - J Dubois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France.
| | - M Takeshita
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Y Wada
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - S Aloïse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France.
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14
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Hatanaka M, Osawa A, Wakabayashi T, Morokuma K, Hasegawa M. Computational study on the luminescence quantum yields of terbium complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine derivative ligands. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3328-3333. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06361j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The luminescence quantum yields of terbium complexes can be enhanced by replacing moieties whose bending motions induce the rapid quenching processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Hatanaka
- Institute for Research Initiatives
- Division for Research Strategy
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Data Science Center
- Nara Institute for Science and Technology
| | - Ayato Osawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Kindai University
- Osaka 577-8502
- Japan
| | | | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Miki Hasegawa
- College of Science and Engineering
- Aoyama Gakuin University
- Sagamihara
- Japan
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15
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Zhang ZX, Wang PX, Bai FQ, Kong CP, Zhang HX. Theoretical analysis of electrochromism under redox of bis(3-thienyl)/(2-thienyl)hexafluorocyclopentene: effects of charged and substituted systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9281-9291. [PMID: 28322392 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromism with the ring-closing or ring-opening isomerization of substituted and unsubstituted bis(3-thienyl)/(2-thienyl)hexafluorocyclopentene is discussed using the DFT method. In the neutral ground state, bond making and breaking between two reactive C atoms on thienyls are thermodynamically forbidden. Under redox conditions, the gain or loss of electrons can have a significant effect on the frontier molecular orbital distribution of both open- and closed-ring isomers, particularly in reactive sites. Corresponding structural changes show a trend toward isomerization. The reaction energy barrier shows greater reduction for dication than monocation and even becomes barrierless for dianion. During the isomerization in different states, the conjugated system switches distinctively, which is attributed to the special redistribution of molecular orbitals and spin population in each state. In monocation and monoanion, for the involvement of a single electron, isomerization is inclined to proceed sequentially between right and left thienyls, whereas it becomes synchronous in dication. The direction depends on the stabilization achieved by the formation of a global conjugated system and more average spin population on the molecule. The effect of substituents on thienyls is demonstrated in the promotion of the extent of conjugation and the determination of the spin population level on the reactive C atoms. Moreover, according to their electron-donating and withdrawing abilities, they can kinetically support or suppress the electron transfer pattern in the process from isomer to transition state, which leads to the control of reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jinlin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pi-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jinlin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jinlin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chui-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jinlin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jinlin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Lvov AG, Kavun AM, Kachala VV, Nelyubina YV, Metelitsa AV, Shirinian VZ. Structural and Spectral Properties of Photochromic Diarylethenes: Size Effect of the Ethene Bridge. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1477-1486. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G. Lvov
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey M. Kavun
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher
Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9, Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V. Kachala
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 28, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V. Metelitsa
- Institute
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z. Shirinian
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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18
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Zobač V, Lewis JP, Jelínek P. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamic simulations of opening reaction of molecular junctions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:285202. [PMID: 27255903 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/28/285202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report non-adiabatic molecular dynamic simulations of the ring opening reaction of diarylethene (DAE) derivative molecules, both free standing and embedded between gold electrodes. Simulations are performed by the surface hopping method employing density functional theory. Typically, the free-standing molecules exhibit large quantum yields to open and close; however the process is quenched for the molecules embedded between electrodes. Our simulations reveal the importance of the DAE side chemical groups, which explain the efficiency of the quenching process. Namely, delocalization of the LUMO state contributes to electronic coupling between the molecule and electrodes, suppressing or enhancing the reaction process. The simulations indicate that a proper choice of the chemical side group, which provides the strong localization of the LUMO state, can substantially diminish the quenching mechanism. Additionally, we analyze a strong dependency of the quantum yield of the opening reaction coming from the mechanical strength of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladmír Zobač
- Institute of Physic, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-16200, Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 10, CZ-11519, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wiebeler C, Bader CA, Meier C, Schumacher S. Optical spectrum, perceived color, refractive index, and non-adiabatic dynamics of the photochromic diarylethene CMTE. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:14531-8. [PMID: 24664143 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photochromism allows for reversible light-induced conversion of a molecular species into a different form with significantly altered optical properties. One promising compound that excels with high fatigue resistance and shows its photochromic functionality both in solution and in molecular solid films is the diarylethene derivative CMTE. Here we present a comprehensive study of its photophysical properties with density-functional theory based methods and benchmark the results against higher-level quantum-chemical approaches and experiments. In addition to static properties such as optical absorption, perceived color, and refractive index, we also investigate reaction dynamics based on non-adiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics. This gives detailed insight into the molecules' ultrafast reaction dynamics and enables us to extract reaction time scales and quantum yields for the observed electrocyclic reaction following photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiebeler
- Physics Department and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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Isegawa M, Morokuma K. Photochemical Ring Opening and Closing of Three Isomers of Diarylethene: Spin–Flip Time-Dependent Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4191-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511474f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Isegawa
- Fukui Institute for
Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for
Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Shirinian VZ, Lvov AG, Yanina AM, Kachala VV, Krayushkin M. Synthesis of new photochromic diarylethenes of cyclopentenone series by Nazarov reaction. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Synthesis and spectral properties of 3-(2-aryl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazol- 4-yl)-2-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-ones. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wiebeler C, Schumacher S. Quantum Yields and Reaction Times of Photochromic Diarylethenes: Nonadiabatic Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics for Normal- and Inverse-Type. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7816-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506316w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiebeler
- Physics
Department and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn
(CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Physics
Department and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn
(CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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Shirinian VZ, Lvov AG, Krayushkin MM, Lubuzh ED, Nabatov BV. Synthesis and Comparative Photoswitching Studies of Unsymmetrical 2,3-Diarylcyclopent-2-en-1-ones. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3440-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerii Z. Shirinian
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Lvov
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M. Krayushkin
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena D. Lubuzh
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 47 Leninsky prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Boris V. Nabatov
- A.
V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, RAS, 59 Leninsky prospekt, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
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SOMEKAWA K. Molecular Simulation of Potential Energies, Steric Changes and Substituent Effects in Photochromic Cyclization/Cycloreversion of Three Kinds of Dithienylethenes by MOPAC-PM6 Method. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2014-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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