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Song N, Ma C, Guo Y, Cui S, Chen S, Chen Z, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Liu H. Identifying differentially expressed genes in goat mammary epithelial cells induced by overexpression of SOCS3 gene using RNA sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392152. [PMID: 38835896 PMCID: PMC11148363 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a key signaling molecule that regulates milk synthesis in dairy livestock. However, the molecular mechanism by which SOCS3 regulates lipid synthesis in goat milk remains unclear. This study aimed to screen for key downstream genes associated with lipid synthesis regulated by SOCS3 in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Goat SOCS3 overexpression vector (PC-SOCS3) and negative control (PCDNA3.1) were transfected into GMECs. Total RNA from cells after SOCS3 overexpression was used for RNA-seq, followed by differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and network prediction. SOCS3 overexpression significantly inhibited the synthesis of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, and accumulated lipid droplets. In total, 430 DEGs were identified, including 226 downregulated and 204 upregulated genes, following SOCS3 overexpression. Functional annotation revealed that the DEGs were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. We found that the lipid synthesis-related genes, STAT2 and FOXO6, were downregulated. In addition, the proliferation-related genes BCL2, MMP11, and MMP13 were upregulated, and the apoptosis-related gene CD40 was downregulated. In conclusion, six DEGs were identified as key regulators of milk lipid synthesis following SOCS3 overexpression in GMECs. Our results provide new candidate genes and insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in milk lipid synthesis regulated by SOCS3 in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cunxia Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuzhu Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Ling
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Liu Y, Zhen H, Wu X, Wang J, Luo Y, Hu J, Liu X, Li S, Li M, Shi B, Ren C, Gu Y, Hao Z. Molecular Characteristics of JAK2 and Its Effect on the Milk Fat and Casein Synthesis of Ovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4027. [PMID: 38612844 PMCID: PMC11012485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to its association with milk protein synthesis via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, JAK2 also affects milk fat synthesis. However, to date, there have been no reports on the effect of JAK2 on ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMECs), which directly determine milk yield and milk contents. In this study, the coding sequence (CDS) region of ovine JAK2 was cloned and identified and its tissue expression and localization in ovine mammary glands, as well as its effects on the viability, proliferation, and milk fat and casein levels of OMECs, were also investigated. The CDS region of ovine JAK2, 3399 bp in length, was cloned and its authenticity was validated by analyzing its sequence similarity with JAK2 sequences from other animal species using a phylogenetic tree. JAK2 was found to be expressed in six ovine tissues, with the highest expression being in the mammary gland. Over-expressed JAK2 and three groups of JAK2 interference sequences were successfully transfected into OMECs identified by immunofluorescence staining. When compared with the negative control (NC) group, the viability of OMECs was increased by 90.1% in the pcDNA3.1-JAK2 group. The over-expression of JAK2 also increased the number and ratio of EdU-labeled positive OMECs, as well as the expression levels of three cell proliferation marker genes. These findings show that JAK2 promotes the viability and proliferation of OMECs. Meanwhile, the triglyceride content in the over-expressed JAK2 group was 2.9-fold higher than the controls and the expression levels of four milk fat synthesis marker genes were also increased. These results indicate that JAK2 promotes milk fat synthesis. Over-expressed JAK2 significantly up-regulated the expression levels of casein alpha s2 (CSN1S2), casein beta (CSN2), and casein kappa (CSN3) but down-regulated casein alpha s1 (CSN1S1) expression. In contrast, small interfered JAK2 had the opposite effect to JAK2 over-expression on the viability, proliferation, and milk fat and milk protein synthesis of OMECs. In summary, these results demonstrate that JAK2 promotes the viability, proliferation, and milk fat synthesis of OMECs in addition to regulating casein expression in these cells. This study contributes to a better comprehension of the role of JAK2 in the lactation performance of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (B.S.); (C.R.); (Y.G.)
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3
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Lopdell TJ, Trevarton AJ, Moody J, Prowse-Wilkins C, Knowles S, Tiplady K, Chamberlain AJ, Goddard ME, Spelman RJ, Lehnert K, Snell RG, Davis SR, Littlejohn MD. A common regulatory haplotype doubles lactoferrin concentration in milk. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:22. [PMID: 38549172 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron absorbing whey protein with antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity. Lactoferrin is economically valuable and has an extremely variable concentration in milk, partly driven by environmental influences such as milking frequency, involution, or mastitis. A significant genetic influence has also been previously observed to regulate lactoferrin content in milk. Here, we conducted genetic mapping of lactoferrin protein concentration in conjunction with RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq data to pinpoint candidate causative variants that regulate lactoferrin concentrations in milk. RESULTS We identified a highly-significant lactoferrin protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL), as well as a cis lactotransferrin (LTF) expression QTL (cis-eQTL) mapping to the LTF locus. Using ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq datasets representing lactating mammary tissue samples, we also report a number of regions where the openness of chromatin is under genetic influence. Several of these also show highly significant QTL with genetic signatures similar to those highlighted through pQTL and eQTL analysis. By performing correlation analysis between these QTL, we revealed an ATAC-seq peak in the putative promotor region of LTF, that highlights a set of 115 high-frequency variants that are potentially responsible for these effects. One of the 115 variants (rs110000337), which maps within the ATAC-seq peak, was predicted to alter binding sites of transcription factors known to be involved in lactation-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report a regulatory haplotype of 115 variants with conspicuously large impacts on milk lactoferrin concentration. These findings could enable the selection of animals for high-producing specialist herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Lopdell
- Research & Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Ruakura Road, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Alexander J Trevarton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janelle Moody
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Claire Prowse-Wilkins
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinarian and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Knowles
- Auckland War Memorial Museum, Victoria Street West, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Tiplady
- Research & Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Ruakura Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Amanda J Chamberlain
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinarian and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Spelman
- Research & Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Ruakura Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen R Davis
- Research & Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Ruakura Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mathew D Littlejohn
- Research & Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Ruakura Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
- AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Fan X, Qiu L, Huang L, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Miao Y. MiR-190a regulates milk protein biosynthesis through the mTOR and JAK2–STAT5 signaling pathways by targeting PTHLH in buffalo mammary epithelial cells. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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6
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Jeon SW, Conejos JRV, Lee JS, Keum SH, Lee HG. D-Methionine and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid i alter
beta-casein, proteins and metabolites linked in milk protein synthesis in bovine
mammary epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:481-499. [PMID: 35709129 PMCID: PMC9184702 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jay Ronel V. Conejos
- Institute of Animal Science, College of
Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College Batong Malake, Los Baños, Laguna
4031, Philippines
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Keum
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hong-Gu Lee, Department of
Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea. Tel: +82-2-450-0410, E-mail:
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Mutation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) Binding Sites Decreases Milk Allergen α S1-Casein Content in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030346. [PMID: 35159497 PMCID: PMC8834060 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
αS1-Casein (encoded by the CSN1S1 gene) is associated with food allergy more than other milk protein components. Milk allergy caused by αS1-casein is derived from cow milk, goat milk and other ruminant milk. However, little is known about the transcription regulation of αS1-casein synthesis in dairy goats. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) on αS1-casein in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). Deletion analysis showed that the core promoter region of CSN1S1 was located at −110 to −18 bp upstream of transcription start site, which contained two putative STAT5 binding sites (gamma-interferon activation site, GAS). Overexpression of STAT5a gene upregulated the mRNA level and the promoter activity of the CSN1S1 gene, and STAT5 inhibitor decreased phosphorylated STAT5 in the nucleus and CSN1S1 transcription activity. Further, GAS site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that GAS1 and GAS2 sites in the CSN1S1 promoter core region were binding sites of STAT5. Taken together, STAT5 directly regulates CSN1S1 transcription by GAS1 and GAS2 sites in GMEC, and the mutation of STAT5 binding sites could downregulate CSN1S1 expression and decrease αS1-casein synthesis, which provide the novel strategy for reducing the allergic potential of goat milk and improving milk quality in ruminants.
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Hepatic transcriptome analysis identifies genes, polymorphisms and pathways involved in the fatty acids metabolism in sheep. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260514. [PMID: 34941886 PMCID: PMC8699643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) in ruminants, especially unsaturated FA (USFA) have important impact in meat quality, nutritional value, and flavour quality of meat, and on consumer’s health. Identification of the genetic factors controlling the FA composition and metabolism is pivotal to select sheep that produce higher USFA and lower saturated (SFA) for the benefit of sheep industry and consumers. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the transcriptome profiling in the liver tissues collected from sheep with divergent USFA content in longissimus muscle using RNA deep-sequencing. From sheep (n = 100) population, liver tissues with higher (n = 3) and lower (n = 3) USFA content were analysed using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The total number of reads produced for each liver sample were ranged from 21.28 to 28.51 million with a median of 23.90 million. Approximately, 198 genes were differentially regulated with significance level of p-adjusted value <0.05. Among them, 100 genes were up-regulated, and 98 were down-regulated (p<0.01, FC>1.5) in the higher USFA group. A large proportion of key genes involved in FA biosynthesis, adipogenesis, fat deposition, and lipid metabolism were identified, such as APOA5, SLC25A30, GFPT1, LEPR, TGFBR2, FABP7, GSTCD, and CYP17A. Pathway analysis revealed that glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis- keratan sulfate, adipokine signaling, galactose metabolism, endocrine and other factors-regulating calcium metabolism, mineral metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway were playing important regulatory roles in FA metabolism. Importantly, polymorphism and association analyses showed that mutation in APOA5, CFHR5, TGFBR2 and LEPR genes could be potential markers for the FA composition in sheep. These polymorphisms and transcriptome networks controlling the FA variation could be used as genetic markers for FA composition-related traits improvement. However, functional validation is required to confirm the effect of these SNPs in other sheep population in order to incorporate them in the sheep breeding program.
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Cheng D, Tu W, Chen L, Wang H, Wang Q, Liu H, Zhu N, Fang W, Yu Q. MSCs enhances the protective effects of valsartan on attenuating the doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury via AngII/NOX/ROS/MAPK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22556-22570. [PMID: 34587120 PMCID: PMC8507274 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify if AngII/NOX/ROS/MAPK signaling pathway is involved in Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial injury and if mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could enhance the protective effects of valsartan (Val) on attenuating DOX-induced injury in vitro. METHODS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the protein expression of AT1R, NOX2, NOX4, caspase-3, caspase-9 and MAPK signaling were assessed in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to DOX for 24 h in the absence or presence of Val, NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI or knockdown and overexpression of NADPH oxidase subunit: NOX2 and NOX4, co-culture with MSCs, respectively. Finally, MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability of H9c2 cells, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and A549 pulmonary cancer cells under Val, DOX and Val+ DOX treatments. RESULTS DOX increased ROS formation and upregulated proteins expression of AT1R, NOX2, NOX4, caspase-3, caspase-9 and MAPK signaling including p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK in H9c2 cells. These effects could be attenuated by Val, DPI, NOX2 siRNA and NOX4 siRNA. Meanwhile, overexpression of NOX2 and NOX4 could significantly increase DOX-induced ROS formation and further upregulate apoptotic protein expressions and protein expressions of MAPK signaling. MSCs on top of Val further enhanced the protective effects of Val on reducing the DOX-induced ROS formation and downregulating the expression of apoptotic proteins and MAPK signaling as compared with Val alone in DOX-treated H9c2 cells. Simultaneous Val and DOX treatment did not affect cell viability of DOX-treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells or A549 pulmonary cancer cells but significantly improved cell viability of DOX-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS AT1R/NOX/ROS/MAPK signaling pathway is involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Val treatment significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, without affecting the anti-tumor effect of DOX. MSCs enhance the protective effects of Val on reducing the DOX-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Wencheng Tu
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jingmen No.1 People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132000, Jilin, China
| | - Haoren Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
| | - Qinfu Wang
- Life Engineering College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Hainiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Changning 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
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Menendez JA, Peirce SK, Papadimitropoulou A, Cuyàs E, Steen TV, Verdura S, Vellon L, Chen WY, Lupu R. Progesterone receptor isoform-dependent cross-talk between prolactin and fatty acid synthase in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24671-24692. [PMID: 33335078 PMCID: PMC7803566 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms can drive unique phenotypes in luminal breast cancer (BC). Here, we hypothesized that PR-B and PR-A isoforms differentially modify the cross-talk between prolactin and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in BC. We profiled the responsiveness of the FASN gene promoter to prolactin in T47Dco BC cells constitutively expressing PR-A and PR-B, in the PR-null variant T47D-Y cell line, and in PR-null T47D-Y cells engineered to stably re-express PR-A (T47D-YA) or PR-B (T47D-YB). The capacity of prolactin to up-regulate FASN gene promoter activity in T47Dco cells was lost in T47D-Y and TD47-YA cells. Constitutively up-regulated FASN gene expression in T47-YB cells and its further stimulation by prolactin were both suppressed by the prolactin receptor antagonist hPRL-G129R. The ability of the FASN inhibitor C75 to decrease prolactin secretion was more conspicuous in T47-YB cells. In T47D-Y cells, which secreted notably less prolactin and downregulated prolactin receptor expression relative to T47Dco cells, FASN blockade resulted in an augmented secretion of prolactin and up-regulation of prolactin receptor expression. Our data reveal unforeseen PR-B isoform-specific regulatory actions in the cross-talk between prolactin and FASN signaling in BC. These findings might provide new PR-B/FASN-centered predictive and therapeutic modalities in luminal intrinsic BC subtypes.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives
- 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Databases, Genetic
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Prolactin/metabolism
- Prolactin/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Cross-Talk
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Prolactin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prolactin/genetics
- Receptors, Prolactin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Luciano Vellon
- Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wen Y. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Greenville, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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Khan MZ, Khan A, Xiao J, Ma Y, Ma J, Gao J, Cao Z. Role of the JAK-STAT Pathway in Bovine Mastitis and Milk Production. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112107. [PMID: 33202860 PMCID: PMC7697124 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)—signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway has an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. In addition, the signaling of this pathway has been reported to be associated with mammary gland development and milk production. Because of such important functions, the JAK-STAT pathway has been widely targeted in both human and animal diseases as a therapeutic agent. Recently, the JAK2, STATs, and inhibitors of the JAK-STAT pathway, especially cytokine signaling suppressors (SOCSs), have been reported to be associated with milk production and mastitis-resistance phenotypic traits in dairy cattle. Thus, in the current review, we attempt to overview the development of the JAK-STAT pathway role in bovine mastitis and milk production. Abstract The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)—signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is a sequence of communications between proteins in a cell, and it is associated with various processes such as cell division, apoptosis, mammary gland development, lactation, anti-inflammation, and immunity. The pathway is involved in transferring information from receptors on the cell surface to the cell nucleus, resulting in the regulation of genes through transcription. The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription A and B (STAT5 A & B), STAT1, and cytokine signaling suppressor 3 (SOCS3) are the key members of the JAK-STAT pathway. Interestingly, prolactin (Prl) also uses the JAK-STAT pathway to regulate milk production traits in dairy cattle. The activation of JAK2 and STATs genes has a critical role in milk production and mastitis resistance. The upregulation of SOCS3 in bovine mammary epithelial cells inhibits the activation of JAK2 and STATs genes, which promotes mastitis development and reduces the lactational performance of dairy cattle. In the current review, we highlight the recent development in the knowledge of JAK-STAT, which will enhance our ability to devise therapeutic strategies for bovine mastitis control. Furthermore, the review also explores the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the regulation of milk production in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiaying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733746
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Cheng D, Chen L, Tu W, Wang H, Wang Q, Meng L, Li Z, Yu Q. Protective effects of valsartan administration on doxorubicin‑induced myocardial injury in rats and the role of oxidative stress and NOX2/NOX4 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4151-4162. [PMID: 33000246 PMCID: PMC7533445 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is hampered by its potential cardiotoxicity, however angiotensin receptor blockers could attenuate DOX‑induced cardiomyopathy. The present study tested the hypothesis that simultaneous administration of valsartan (Val) with DOX could prevent DOX‑induced myocardial injury by modulating myocardial NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) expression in rats. Eight‑week‑old male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (CON), DOX, and DOX+Val groups. After 10 weeks, surviving rats underwent echocardiography examination, myocardial mRNA and protein expression detection of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4. H9C2 cells were used to perform in vitro experiments, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis were observed under the conditions of down‑ or upregulation of NOX2 and NOX4 in DOX‑ and DOX+Val‑treated H9C2 cells. Cardiac function was significantly improved, pathological lesion and collagen volume fraction were significantly reduced in the DOX+Val group compared with the DOX group (all P<0.05). Myocardial protein and mRNA expression of NOX2 and NOX4 was significantly downregulated in DOX+Val group compared with in the DOX group (all P<0.05). In vitro, ROS production and apoptosis in DOX‑treated H9C2 cells was significantly reduced by NOX2‑small interfering (si)RNA and NOX4‑siRNA, and significantly increased by overexpressing NOX2 and NOX4. To conclude, Val applied simultaneously with DOX could prevent DOX‑induced myocardial injury and reduce oxidative stress by downregulating the myocardial expression of NOX2 and NOX4 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Wencheng Tu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Haoren Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Qinfu Wang
- Life Engineering College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, P.R. China
| | - Lili Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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13
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Song N, Chen Y, Luo J, Huang L, Tian H, Li C, Loor JJ. Negative regulation of αS1-casein (CSN1S1) improves β-casein content and reduces allergy potential in goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9561-9572. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Khan MZ, Khan A, Xiao J, Dou J, Liu L, Yu Y. Overview of Folic Acid Supplementation Alone or in Combination with Vitamin B12 in Dairy Cattle during Periparturient Period. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060263. [PMID: 32630405 PMCID: PMC7344520 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periparturient period is the period from three weeks before calving to three weeks post-calving. This period is important in terms of health, productivity and profitability, and is fundamental to successful lactation. During this period, the animal experiences stress because of hormonal changes due to pregnancy and the significant rise in milk production. In addition, a negative energy balance usually occurs, because the demand for nutrients to sustain milk production increases by more than the nutrient supply during the periparturient period. The immunity of dairy cattle is suppressed around parturition, which increases their susceptibility to infections. Special care regarding nutrition can reduce the risks of metabolism and immunity depression, which dairy cattle face during the periparturient span. Folic acid is relevant in this regard because of its critical role in the metabolism to maintain lactational performance and to improve health. Being a donor of one-carbon units, folic acid has a vital role in DNA and RNA biosynthesis. Generally, the folic acid requirements of dairy cattle can be met by the microbial synthesis in the rumen; however, in special cases, such as during the periparturient period, the requirement for this vitamin strictly increases. Vitamin B12 also has a critical role in the metabolism as a coenzyme of the enzyme methionine synthase for the transfer of a methyl group from folic acid to homocysteine for the regeneration of methionine. In the current review, we highlight the issues facing periparturient dairy cattle, and relevant knowledge and practices, and point out future research directions for utilization of the associated vitamins in ruminants, especially during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research, Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jinhuan Dou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.K.); (A.K.); (J.D.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-627324611
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15
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Sahin K, Yabas M, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin TK, Ozercan IH, Qazi S, Uckun FM. Prevention of DMBA-induced mammary gland tumors in mice by a dual-function inhibitor of JAK3 and EGF receptor tyrosine kinases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:379-387. [PMID: 32106727 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1737014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: We tested the chemopreventive effect of WHI-P131 in side by side evaluation with the standard anti-breast cancer drug paclitaxel in the well-established 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer model.Methods: One hundred BALB/cmice were divided into five groups. (i) Control (ii) DMBA (iii) DMBA+ Paclitaxel (10 mg/kg) (iv) DMBA+WHI-P131 (Janex1, 50 mg/kg of BW, i.p, three times per week) ("J") (v) DMBA+P+J. The duration of study was 25 weeks.Results: Our findings demonstrate that WHI-P131 impedes DMBA-induced carcinogenesis, reduces size, weight, and load of tumors (P < 0.001) in DMBA-challenged mice and improves their survival outcome (P < 0.01). The tumors developing despite WHI-P131 chemoprevention displayedattenuated levels of JAK3, STAT3, and NF-κB as well as increased I-κB expression (P < 0.001). Notably, these tumors exhibited significantly decreased levels of phosphorylated AKT-PI3-Kinase pathway signaling proteins p-mTOR, p-p70S6K1, and p-4E-BP1 (P < 0.001). Our findings are consistent with a model in which DMBA-induced malignant clones with low-level expression of the six signature proteins JAK3/STAT3/NF-κB/p-mTOR, p-p70S6K1/p-4E-BP1, albeit not as aggressive as their JAK3/STAT3/NF-κB overexpressing counterparts are capable of escaping chemo-preventive effects of WHI-P131.Conclusion: These insights may provide the foundation for new chemo-preventive strategies in which WHI-P131 is applied to prevent the development of aggressive forms of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yabas
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Taha K Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Hacettepe School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fatih M Uckun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine (USC KSOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Immuno-Oncology, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN, USA
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16
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Yuan X, Zhang M, Ao J, Zhen Z, Gao X, Li M. NUCKS1 is a novel regulator of milk synthesis in and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15825-15835. [PMID: 30710349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) is a highly phosphorylated nuclear protein ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates. NUCKS1 has been reported to be a key chromatin modifier and transcriptional regulator of a number of signaling pathways, but the physiological role and detailed mechanism are still limited. In this study, we assessed the role of NUCKS1 on milk synthesis in and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells from a dairy cow. NUCKS1 was located in the nucleus of mammary epithelial cells, and the expression of NUCKS1 was stimulated by amino acids (Met and Leu) and hormones (estrogen and prolactin). Gene function study approaches detected that NUCKS1 positively regulated milk protein, milk fat, and lactose synthesis, and also increased the cell number, cell viability, and cell cycle progression. NUCKS1 mediated the stimulation of amino acids and hormones on the messenger RNA expression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), SREBP-1c, and Cyclin D1. The expression of NUCKS1 is dramatically higher in mouse mammary tissue of lactating period, compared with that in puberty and dry period. Taken together, these results reveal that NUCKS1 is a new mediator of milk synthesis in and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via regulating the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinxia Ao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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17
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Qiu Y, Qu B, Zhen Z, Yuan X, Zhang L, Zhang M. Leucine Promotes Milk Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via the PI3K-DDX59 Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8884-8895. [PMID: 31345029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leucine is an essential amino acid in the milk production of bovine mammary glands, but the regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms of leucine are still not known well. This study investigated the roles of leucine on milk synthesis and explored the corresponding mechanism in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Leucine (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 mM) was added to BMECs that were cultured in FBS-free OPTI-MEM medium. Leucine significantly promoted milk protein and milk fat synthesis and also increased phosphorylation of mTOR signaling protein and the protein expression levels of SREBP-1c, with the most significant effects at 0.75 mM concentration. Leucine increased the expression and nuclear localization of DDX59, and loss and gain of gene function experiments further reveal that DDX59 mediates the stimulation of leucine on the mRNA expression variation of mTOR and SREBP-1c genes. PI3K inhibition experiment further detected that leucine upregulated expression of DDX59 and its downstream signaling via PI3K activation. ChIP-qPCR analysis further proved the binding of DDX59 to the promoter regions of mTOR and SREBP-1c. In summary, these data prove that DDX59 positively regulates the mTOR and SREBP-1c signaling pathways leading to synthesis of milk, and leucine regulates these two signaling pathways through the PI3K-DDX59 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , P. R. China
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18
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Convery O, Gargan S, Kickham M, Schroder M, O'Farrelly C, Stevenson NJ. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, p7, suppresses inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3. FASEB J 2019; 33:8732-8744. [PMID: 31163989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800629rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viruses use a spectrum of immune evasion strategies that enable infection and replication. The acute phase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by nonspecific and often mild clinical symptoms, suggesting an immunosuppressive mechanism that, unless symptomatic liver disease presents, allows the virus to remain largely undetected. We previously reported that HCV induced the regulatory protein suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3, which inhibited TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism by which HCV up-regulates SOCS3 remains unknown. Here we show that the HCV protein, p7, enhances both SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression. A p7 inhibitor reduced SOCS3 induction, indicating that p7's ion channel activity was required for optimal up-regulation of SOCS3. Short hairpin RNA and chemical inhibition revealed that both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and MAPK pathways were required for p7-mediated induction of SOCS3. HCV-p7 expression suppressed TNF-α-mediated IκB-α degradation and subsequent NF-κB promoter activity, revealing a new and functional, anti-inflammatory effect of p7. Together, these findings identify a molecular mechanism by which HCV-p7 induces SOCS3 through STAT3 and ERK activation and demonstrate that p7 suppresses proinflammatory responses to TNF-α, possibly explaining the lack of inflammatory symptoms observed during early HCV infection.-Convery, O., Gargan, S., Kickham, M., Schroder, M., O'Farrelly, C., Stevenson, N. J. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, p7, suppresses inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Convery
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Gargan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J Stevenson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Jiao B, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang L, Luo Z, Zhao H, Khatib H, Wang X. MicroRNA-221 regulates proliferation of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells by targeting the STAT5a and IRS1 genes. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:426-435. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Wang M, Wang Z, Yang C, Liu L, Jiang N. Protein 14-3-3ε Regulates Cell Proliferation and Casein Synthesis via PI3K-mTOR Pathway in Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12000-12008. [PMID: 30375228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and casein synthesis of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) are regulated by many factors. This research aimed to investigate the effect of 14-3-3ε on cell proliferation and casein synthesis in DCMECs and to reveal the underlying mechanism. Overexpressing or inhibiting 14-3-3ε demonstrated that cell proliferation; casein synthesis; expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, S6K1, and p-S6K1; and lysosomal localization of mTOR were all up-regulated by 14-3-3ε overexpressing and down-regulated by 14-3-3ε inhibiting. In addition, inhibiting mTOR demonstrated that the up-regulation of cell proliferation and casein synthesis in response to 14-3-3ε overexpressing was removed by inhibiting mTOR. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of 14-3-3ε was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation, and we found that 14-3-3ε could interact with PI3K and activate mTORC1 pathway via PI3K. In addition, DCMECs were treated with insulin and prolactin, and the result showed that the cell proliferation and the expression of CSN2 and 14-3-3ε were all up-regulated by these hormones. In conclusion, the current research showed that 14-3-3ε is an important positive regulatory factor for cell proliferation and casein synthesis in DCMECs, as it up-regulates cell proliferation and casein synthesis via activating PI3K-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Zekun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology , Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone , Dalian , Liaoning 116622 , China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lhasa , Tibet 850000 , China
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21
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Qi H, Meng C, Jin X, Li X, Li P, Gao X. Methionine Promotes Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis and Cell Proliferation via the SNAT2-PI3K Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11027-11033. [PMID: 30274521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) plays a critical regulatory role in milk production, however, the molecular mechanism of action of Met is largely unknown. This study therefore aimed to investigate the influence of Met on milk synthesis in and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and explore the underlying mechanism. BMECs cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) free Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM)/F-12 medium were treated with Met (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mM). Results showed that Met (0.6 mM) significantly increased milk protein and fat synthesis and cell proliferation. Met stimulation also increased mTOR phosphorylation and protein expression of SREBP-1c and Cyclin D1. Gene function study approaches further revealed that SNAT2 is a key regulator of these signaling pathways. PI3K inhibition experiments demonstrated that SNAT2 stimulates these pathways through regulating PI3K activity, and SNAT2 inhibition experiments further revealed that SNAT2 is required for Met to activate PI3K. Furthermore, immunofluorescence observation detected that Met stimulates SNAT2 cytoplasmic expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Met positively regulates milk protein and fat synthesis and cell proliferation via the SNAT2-PI3K signaling pathway in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Chunyu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xueying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Ping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
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22
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LPS-induced reduction of triglyceride synthesis and secretion in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via decreased SREBP1 expression and activity. J DAIRY RES 2018; 85:439-444. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029918000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) has a central regulatory effect on milk fat synthesis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce mastitis and cause milk fat depression in cows. SREBP1 is also known to be associated with inflammatory regulation. Thus, in the current study, we hypothesized that LPS-induced milk fat depression in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) operates via decreased SREBP1 expression and activity. To examine the hypothesis, DCMECs were isolated and purified from dairy cow mammary tissue and treated with LPS (10 µg/ml). LPS treatment of DCMECs suppressed lipid-metabolism-related transcription factor SREBP1 mRNA expression, nuclear translocation and protein expression, leading to reduced triglyceride content. The transcription levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthetase were significantly down-regulated in DCMECs after LPS treatment, suggesting that acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthetase involved in de novo milk fat synthesis was regulated by SREBP1. In summary, these results suggest that LPS induces milk fat depression in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via decreased expression of SREBP1 in a time-dependent manner.
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23
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Li P, Yu M, Zhou C, Qi H, Wen X, Hou X, Li M, Gao X. FABP5 is a critical regulator of methionine‐ and estrogen‐induced SREBP‐1c gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:537-549. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Chengjian Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Hao Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Xuepeng Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Xiaoming Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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24
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Kisspeptin-10 Induces β-Casein Synthesis via GPR54 and Its Downstream Signaling Pathways in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122621. [PMID: 29206176 PMCID: PMC5751224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins (Kps) play a key role in the regulation of GnRH axis and as an anti-metastasis agent by binding with GPR54. Recently, we observed that the expression of GPR54 was higher in the lactating mammary tissues of dairy cows with high-quality milk (0.81 ± 0.13 kg/day of milk protein yield; 1.07 ± 0.18 kg/day of milk fat yield) than in those with low-quality milk (0.51 ± 0.14 kg/day of milk protein yield; 0.67 ± 0.22 kg/day of milk fat yield). We hypothesized that Kp-10 might regulate the milk protein, β-casein (CSN2) synthesis via GPR54 and its downstream signaling. First, we isolated the bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) from lactating Holstein dairy cows, and treated them with different concentrations of Kp-10. Compared with the control cells, the synthesis of CSN2 is significantly increased at a concentration of 100 nM of Kp-10. In addition, the increased effect of CSN2 synthesis was blocked when the cells were pre-treated with the selective inhibitor of GPR54 Peptide-234 (P-234). Mechanistic study revealed that Kp-10 activated ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR and STAT5 in bMECs. Moreover, inhibiting ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR and STAT5 with U0126, MK2206, Rapamycin and AG490 could block the effects of Kp-10. Together, these results demonstrate that Kp-10 facilitates the synthesis of CSN2 via GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways mTOR, ERK1/2, STAT5 and AKT.
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Zhang Y, Wang P, Lin S, Mercier Y, Yin H, Song Y, Zhang X, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, De Wu, Fang Z. mTORC1 signaling-associated protein synthesis in porcine mammary glands was regulated by the local available methionine depending on methionine sources. Amino Acids 2017; 50:105-115. [PMID: 28983783 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) activation and protein synthesis varied with methionine sources; however, the related mechanisms are largely unknown. Porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMEC) and mammary tissue slices (MTS) were used to test whether methionine precursors differ in providing the available methionine and thus differ in mTORC1 signaling-associated protein synthesis. PMEC with methionine deprivation for 8 h and MTS from lactating sows were cultured for 24 and 2 h, respectively, with treatment media without methionine (negative control, NC) or supplemented with 0.6 mM (for PMEC) and 0.1 mM (for MTS) of L-methionine (L-MET), D-methionine (D-MET), DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butyric acid (HMTBA), or keto-methyl(thio)butanoic acid (KMB). The measurements included: phosphorylation of mTORC1 signaling, fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR), amino acids (AA) profile, and enzyme activities. Compared with the NC treatment, activated mTORC1 signaling as manifested by higher (P < 0.05) protein abundance of phosphorylated-S6 Kinase 1 (P-S6K1) and phosphorylated-4E-binding Protein 1 (P-4E-BP1) in PMEC and MTS, and increased protein synthesis as indicated by higher (P < 0.05) FSR in MTS occurred in L-MET and HMTBA treatments rather than in D-MET treatment. Compared with the NC treatment, methionine concentration and ratio of methionine to lysine in MTS increased (P < 0.05) in L-MET and HMTBA treatments but not in D-MET treatment, and activities of enzymes responsible for conversion of D-MET and HMTBA to keto-methionine in mammary tissues were about 10 and 50%, respectively, of that in liver. Taken together, mTORC1 signaling-associated protein synthesis in porcine mammary glands was regulated by the local available methionine depending on methionine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Huajun Yin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumo Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Li L, Liu L, Qu B, Li X, Gao X, Zhang M. Twinfilin 1 enhances milk bio-synthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:289-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6) is a new negative regulator for milk synthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 54:52-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang S, Wu C, Li X, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Ma F, Wei J, Zhang X, Guo P. Syringaresinol-4- O- β-d-glucoside alters lipid and glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:453-460. [PMID: 28752030 PMCID: PMC5518665 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringaresinol-4-O-β-d-glucoside (SSG), a furofuran-type lignan, was found to modulate lipid and glucose metabolism through an activity screen of lipid accumulation and glucose consumption, and was therefore considered as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorder, especially in lipid and glucose metabolic homeostasis. In this study, the effects of SSG on lipogenesis and glucose consumption in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes were further investigated. Treatment with SSG significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by oil red O staining and reduced the intracellular contents of total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in HepG2 cells. No effect was observed on cell viability in the MTT assay at concentrations of 0.1–10 μmol/L. SSG also increased glucose consumption by HepG2 cells and glucose uptake by C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the beneficial effects were associated with the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c, -2 (SREBP-1c, -2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and hydroxyl methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR), and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and PPARγ). SSG also significantly elevated transcription activity of PPARγ tested by luciferase assay. These results suggest that SSG is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and might be a candidate for further research in the prevention and treatment of lipid and glucose metabolic diseases.
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Yu C, Luo C, Gu X, Zang Y, Qu B, Khudhair N, Li Q, Gao X. 14-3-3γaffects eIF5 to regulateβ-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3γ protein participates in many biological processes; however, its regulatory mechanism in milk protein synthesis is not well studied. We hypothesized that 14-3-3γ might affect eIF5 (an initiation factor) to regulate β-casein synthesis in dairy cows. In this study, a possible interaction between 14-3-3γ and eIF5 was investigated using bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). The expression levels of 14-3-3γ and eIF5 in the mammary gland tissues from cows producing higher quality milk were higher than those from cows producing low-quality milk. Moreover, the expression of 14-3-3γ, eIF5, and β-casein were increased at both mRNA and protein levels in BMECs cultured in vitro with methionine (Met) supplementation. Coimmunoprecipitation, colocalization, and FRET analysis further showed the evidences that 14-3-3γ physically bound to eIF5 in BMECs. Gene function studies revealed that 14-3-3γ positively regulated eIF5 through alteration of eIF2α/p-eIF2α ratio. Collectively, our data suggest that 14-3-3γ regulates β-casein translation in BMECs through interaction with eIF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nagam Khudhair
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biologically Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
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Lee S, Kelleher SL. Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E405-22. [PMID: 27354238 PMCID: PMC5005964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactation is a dynamic process that has evolved to produce a complex biological fluid that provides nutritive and nonnutritive factors to the nursing offspring. It has long been assumed that once lactation is successfully initiated, the primary factor regulating milk production is infant demand. Thus, most interventions have focused on improving breastfeeding education and early lactation support. However, in addition to infant demand, increasing evidence from studies conducted in experimental animal models, production animals, and breastfeeding women suggests that a diverse array of maternal factors may also affect milk production and composition. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the role of maternal genetics and modifiable factors, such as diet and environmental exposures, on reproductive endocrinology, lactation physiology, and the ability to successfully produce milk. To identify factors that may affect lactation in women, we highlight some information gleaned from studies in experimental animal models and production animals. Finally, we highlight the gaps in current knowledge and provide commentary on future research opportunities aimed at improving lactation outcomes in breastfeeding women to improve the health of mothers and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Pennsylvania State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Osorio JS, Lohakare J, Bionaz M. Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:231-56. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00016.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high-quality milk is increasing worldwide. The efficiency of milk synthesis can be improved by taking advantage of the accumulated knowledge of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in the synthesis of fat, protein, and lactose in the mammary gland. Research in this area is relatively new, but data accumulated in the last 10 years provide a relatively clear picture. Milk fat synthesis appears to be regulated, at least in bovines, by an interactive network between SREBP1, PPARγ, and LXRα, with a potential role for other transcription factors, such as Spot14, ChREBP, and Sp1. Milk protein synthesis is highly regulated by insulin, amino acids, and amino acid transporters via transcriptional and posttranscriptional routes, with the insulin-mTOR pathway playing a central role. The transcriptional regulation of lactose synthesis is still poorly understood, but it is clear that glucose transporters play an important role. They can also cooperatively interact with amino acid transporters and the mTOR pathway. Recent data indicate the possibility of nutrigenomic interventions to increase milk fat synthesis by feeding long-chain fatty acids and milk protein synthesis by feeding amino acids. We propose a transcriptional network model to account for all available findings. This model encompasses a complex network of proteins that control milk synthesis with a cross talk between milk fat, protein, and lactose regulation, with mTOR functioning as a central hub.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and
- Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Wada T, Sunaga H, Miyata K, Shirasaki H, Uchiyama Y, Shimba S. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Plays Protective Roles against High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced Hepatic Steatosis and the Subsequent Lipotoxicity via Direct Transcriptional Regulation of Socs3 Gene Expression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7004-16. [PMID: 26865635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic response. Recent studies have suggested that AhR plays essential roles not only in xenobiotic detoxification but also energy metabolism. Thus, in this study, we studied the roles of AhR in lipid metabolism. Under high fat diet (HFD) challenge, liver-specific AhR knock-out (AhR LKO) mice exhibited severe steatosis, inflammation, and injury in the liver. Gene expression analysis and biochemical study revealed thatde novolipogenesis activity was significantly increased in AhR LKO mice. In contrast, induction of suppressor of cytokine signal 3 (Socs3) expression by HFD was attenuated in the livers of AhR LKO mice. Rescue of theSocs3gene in the liver of AhR LKO mice cancelled the HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicities. Promoter analysis established Socs3 as novel transcriptional target of AhR. These results indicated that AhR plays a protective role against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and the subsequent lipotoxicity effects, such as inflammation, and that the mechanism of protection involves the direct transcriptional regulation ofSocs3expression by AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Wada
- From the Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunaga
- From the Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyata
- From the Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Haruno Shirasaki
- From the Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Uchiyama
- From the Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- From the Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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Ao J, Wei C, Si Y, Luo C, Lv W, Lin Y, Cui Y, Gao X. Tudor-SN Regulates Milk Synthesis and Proliferation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29936-47. [PMID: 26694361 PMCID: PMC4691155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein, related to multiple and diverse cell type- and species-specific cellular processes. Studies have shown that Tudor-SN is mainly expressed in secretory cells, however knowledge of its role is limited. In our previous work, we found that the protein level of Tudor-SN was upregulated in the nucleus of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). In this study, we assessed the role of Tudor-SN in milk synthesis and cell proliferation of BMEC. We exploited gene overexpression and silencing methods, and found that Tudor-SN positively regulates milk synthesis and proliferation via Stat5a activation. Both amino acids (methionine) and estrogen triggered NFκB1 to bind to the gene promoters of Tudor-SN and Stat5a, and this enhanced the protein level and nuclear localization of Tudor-SN and p-Stat5a. Taken together, these results suggest the key role of Tudor-SN in the transcriptional regulation of milk synthesis and proliferation of BMEC under the stimulation of amino acids and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Ao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chengjie Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yu Si
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chaochao Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Wei Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Ye Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yingjun Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Jiang N, Hu L, Liu C, Gao X, Zheng S. 60S ribosomal protein L35 regulates β-casein translational elongation and secretion in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 583:130-9. [PMID: 26297660 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
60S ribosomal protein L35 (RPL35) is an important component of the 60S ribosomal subunit and has a role in protein translation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) docking. However, few studies have investigated RPL35 in eukaryotes and much remains to be learned. Here, we analyzed the function of RPL35 in β-casein (CSN2) synthesis and secretion in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). We found that methionine (Met) could promote the expressions of CSN2 and RPL35. Analysis of overexpression and inhibition of RPL35 confirmed that it could mediate the Met signal and regulate CSN2 expression. The mechanism of CSN2 regulation by RPL35 was analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), colocalization, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and gene mutation. We found that RPL35 could control ribosome translational elongation during synthesis of CSN2 by interacting with eukaryotic translational elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and that eEF2 was the signaling molecule downstream of RPL35 controlling this process. RPL35 could also control the secretion of CSN2 by locating it to the ER. Taken together, these results revealed that, RPL35 was an important positive regulatory factor involving in the Met-mediated regulation of CSN2 translational elongation and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone, Liaoning, 116622, China; The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Lijun Hu
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Chaonan Liu
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xueli Gao
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Shimin Zheng
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultura University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Jiang N, Wang Y, Yu Z, Hu L, Liu C, Gao X, Zheng S. WISP3 (CCN6) Regulates Milk Protein Synthesis and Cell Growth Through mTOR Signaling in Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:524-33. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Hu
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Gao
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Zheng
- The Laboratory of Pathophysiology in College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Liu L, Lin Y, Liu L, Bian Y, Zhang L, Gao X, Li Q. 14-3-3γ Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Lactation in Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs and Up-Regulating mTOR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204835 PMCID: PMC4519969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As a protective factor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury, 14-3-3γ has been the subject of recent research. Nevertheless, whether 14-3-3γ can regulate lactation in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) induced by LPS remains unknown. Here, the anti-inflammatory effect and lactation regulating ability of 14-3-3γ in LPS-induced DCMECs are investigated for the first time, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for their effects are explored. The results of qRT-PCR showed that 14-3-3γ overexpression significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis revealed that 14-3-3γ overexpression also suppressed the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell culture supernatants. Meanwhile, CASY-TT Analyser System showed that 14-3-3γ overexpression clearly increased the viability and proliferation of cells. The results of kit methods and western blot analysis showed that 14-3-3γ overexpression promoted the secretion of triglycerides and lactose and the synthesis of β-casein. Furthermore, the expression of genes relevant to nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and lactation-associated proteins were assessed by western blot, and the results suggested that 14-3-3γ overexpression inactivated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways by down-regulating extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation levels, as well as by inhibiting NF-κB translocation. Meanwhile, 14-3-3γ overexpression enhanced the expression levels of β-casein, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), serine/threonine protein kinase Akt 1 (AKT1), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). These results suggest that 14-3-3γ was able to attenuate the LPS-induced inflammatory responses and promote proliferation and lactation in LPS-induced DCMECs by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and up-regulating mTOR signaling pathways to protect against LPS-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yanjie Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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14-3-3γ affects mTOR pathway and regulates lactogenesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:697-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yu C, Luo C, Qu B, Khudhair N, Gu X, Zang Y, Wang C, Zhang N, Li Q, Gao X. Molecular network including eIF1AX, RPS7, and 14-3-3γ regulates protein translation and cell proliferation in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:142-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Function of SREBP1 in the milk fat synthesis of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16998-7013. [PMID: 25250914 PMCID: PMC4200870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) belong to a family of nuclear transcription factors. The question of which is the most important positive regulator in milk fat synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) between SREBPs or other nuclear transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), remains a controversial one. Recent studies have found that mTORC1 (the mammalian target of rapamycin C1) regulates SREBP1 to promote fat synthesis. Thus far, however, the interaction between the SREBP1 and mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) pathways in the regulation of milk fat synthesis remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the function of SREBP1 in milk fat synthesis and to characterize the relationship between SREBP1 and mTOR in DCMECs. The effects of SREBP1 overexpression and gene silencing on milk fat synthesis and the effects of stearic acid and serum on SREBP1 expression in the upregulation of milk fat synthesis were investigated in DCMECs using immunostaining, Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, lipid droplet staining, and detection kits for triglyceride content. SREBP1 was found to be a positive regulator of milk fat synthesis and was shown to be regulated by stearic acid and serum. These findings indicate that SREBP1 is the key positive regulator in milk fat synthesis.
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Zhang X, Zhao F, Si Y, Huang Y, Yu C, Luo C, Zhang N, Li Q, Gao X. GSK3β regulates milk synthesis in and proliferation of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via the mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway. Molecules 2014; 19:9435-52. [PMID: 24995926 PMCID: PMC6271057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase, whose activity is inhibited by AKT phosphorylation. This inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β can in turn play a regulatory role through phosphorylation of several proteins (such as mTOR, elF2B) to promote protein synthesis. mTOR is a key regulator in protein synthesis and cell proliferation, and recent studies have shown that both GSK3β and mTORC1 can regulate SREBP1 to promote fat synthesis. Thus far, however, the cross talk between GSK3β and the mTOR pathway in the regulation of milk synthesis and associated cell proliferation is not well understood. In this study the interrelationship between GSK3β and the mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway leading to milk synthesis and proliferation of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) was analyzed using techniques including GSK3β overexpression by transfection, GSK3β inhibition, mTOR inhibition and methionine stimulation. The analyses revealed that GSK3β represses the mTOR/S6K1 pathway leading to milk synthesis and cell proliferation of DCMECs, whereas GSK3β phosphorylation enhances this pathway. Conversely, the activated mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway downregulates GSK3β expression but enhances GSK3β phosphorylation to increase milk synthesis and cell proliferation, whereas inhibition of mTOR leads to upregulation of GSK3β and repression of GSK3β phosphorylation, which in turn decreases milk synthesis, and cell proliferation. These findings indicate that GSK3β and phosphorylated GSK3β regulate milk synthesis and proliferation of DCMECs via the mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of milk synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yu Si
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yuling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Cuiping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chaochao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Shi H, Shi H, Luo J, Wang W, Haile AB, Xu H, Li J. Establishment and characterization of a dairy goat mammary epithelial cell line with human telomerase (hT-MECs). Anim Sci J 2014; 85:735-43. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Abiel B. Haile
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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Wang L, Lin Y, Bian Y, Liu L, Shao L, Lin L, Qu B, Zhao F, Gao X, Li Q. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase regulates lactation and cell proliferation via mTOR signaling in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5952-69. [PMID: 24722568 PMCID: PMC4013607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of LeuRS, an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, as an intracellular l-leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway has been the subject of much research recently. Despite this, the association between LeuRS and lactation in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) remains unknown. In this study, we found that LeuRS expression in mammary gland tissue was significantly higher during lactation than pregnancy. Moreover, our data demonstrates that LeuRS is localized in the cytoplasm. Treatment with leucine increased DCMECs viability and proliferation, as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), p-S6K1, β-Casein, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression. Secretion of lactose and triglyceride were also increased. siRNA-mediated knockdown of LeuRS led to reduction in all of these processes. Based on these data, LeuRS up-regulates the mTOR pathway to promote proliferation and lactation of DCMECs in response to changes in the intracellular leucine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yanjie Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Li Shao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Bo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xuejun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Modulation of lipogenesis and glucose consumption in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes by sophoricoside. Molecules 2013; 18:15624-35. [PMID: 24352018 PMCID: PMC6270613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophoricoside, an isoflavone glycoside isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae), has been widely reported as an immunomodulator. In this study, the effects of sophoricoside on lipogenesis and glucose consumption in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes were investigated. Treatment with sophoricoside at concentrations of 1-10 μM inhibited lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. At the same concentration range, no effect on cell viability was observed in the MTT assay. Inhibition of lipogenesis was associated with the downregulation of SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c, SREBP-2 and their downstream target genes (FAS, ACC, HMGR) as revealed by realtime quantitative PCR. The lipid-lowering effect was mediated via the phosphorylation of AMPK. Further investigation of the activities of this isoflavone showed that sophoricoside has the capability to increase glucose uptake by C2C12 myotubes. It also effectively inhibited the activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro and remarkably lowered postprandial hyperglycaemia in starch-loaded C57BL6/J mice. These results suggest that sophoricoside is an effective regulator of lipogenesis and glucose consumption and may find utility in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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