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Kumari N, Pullaguri N, Rath SN, Bajaj A, Sahu V, Ealla KKR. Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in cancer and its role in chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:11. [PMID: 38510751 PMCID: PMC10951838 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Globally, cancer, as a major public health concern, poses a severe threat to people's well-being. Advanced and specialized therapies can now cure the majority of people with early-stage cancer. However, emerging resistance to traditional and novel chemotherapeutic drugs remains a serious issue in clinical medicine. Chemoresistance often leads to cancer recurrence, metastasis, and increased mortality, accounting for 90% of chemotherapy failures. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and find novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Among the several factors responsible for chemoresistance, calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation plays a significant role in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Therefore, targeting this derailed Ca2+ signalling for cancer therapy has become an emerging research area. Of note, the Ca2+ signal and its proteins are a multifaceted and potent tool by which cells achieve specific outcomes. Depending on cell survival needs, Ca2+ is either upregulated or downregulated in both chemosensitive and chemoresistant cancer cells. Consequently, the appropriate treatment should be selected based on Ca2+ signalling dysregulation. This review discusses the role of Ca2+ in cancer cells and the targeting of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers. Furthermore, we have emphasised the role of Ca2+ in chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, targeting Ca2+ signalling is a multifaceted process. Methods such as site-specific drug delivery, target-based drug-designing, and targeting two or more Ca2+ proteins simultaneously may be explored; however, further clinical studies are essential to validate Ca2+ blockers' anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Narasimha Pullaguri
- Research & Development division, Hetero Biopharma Limited, Jadcherla 509301, India
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 502284, India
| | - Ashish Bajaj
- National Reference Laboratory, Oncquest Laboratories Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Vikas Sahu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
| | - Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
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Du NH, Ngoc TTB, Cang HQ, Luyen NTT, Thuoc TL, Le Quan T, Thao DTP. KTt-45, a T-type calcium channel blocker, acts as an anticancer agent by inducing apoptosis on HeLa cervical cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22092. [PMID: 38086845 PMCID: PMC10716508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expression in the T-type calcium channels is involved in various cancer types, thus inhibiting T-type calcium channels is one of approaches in cancer treatment. The fact that KTt-45 acted as a T-type calcium channel inhibitor as well as a pain-relief agent prompts us to address if KTt-45 plays any role against cancer cells. The results showed that KTt-45 caused cytotoxic effects towards HeLa cervical, Raji lymphoma, MCF-7 breast cancer, and A549 lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values less than 100 μM, in which highly selective toxicity was against HeLa cells (IC50 = 37.4 μM, SI > 3.2). Strikingly, the KTt-45 induced an accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles after 48 h treatment and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis activation as evidenced by morphological features, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and significant activation of caspase-9 as well as caspase-3. In conclusion, KTt-45 could inhibit cell growth and trigger mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The results, taken together, strongly demonstrated that KTt-45 is a potential agent for further study on anticancer drug development which not only targets cancer cells but also helps to relieve neuropathic pain in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Du
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Central Laboratory of Analysis, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Truong Thi Bich Ngoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Qui Cang
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuy Luyen
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Central Laboratory of Analysis, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Department of Hydro-Geology-Engineering Geology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Linh Thuoc
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Le Quan
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Central Laboratory of Analysis, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Department of Hydro-Geology-Engineering Geology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Geology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Alizadeh J, Kavoosi M, Singh N, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Mraiche F, Mowat MR, Ghavami S. Regulation of Autophagy via Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082195. [PMID: 37190124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are an important component of tumor cell progression. Tumor cells adapt to environmental stresses via changes to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Autophagy, a physiological process in mammalian cells that digests damaged organelles and misfolded proteins via lysosomal degradation, is closely associated with metabolism in mammalian cells, acting as a meter of cellular ATP levels. In this review, we discuss the changes in glycolytic and lipid biosynthetic pathways in mammalian cells and their impact on carcinogenesis via the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the impact of these metabolic pathways on autophagy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Navjit Singh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael R Mowat
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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Targeting T-type channels in cancer: What is on and what is off? Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:743-758. [PMID: 34838727 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various studies have demonstrated a pivotal role of T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) in tumor progression. Cytotoxic effects of TTCC pharmacological blockers have been reported in vitro and in preclinical models. However, their roles in cancer physiology are only beginning to be understood. In this review, we discuss evidence for the signaling pathways and cellular processes stemming from TTCC activity, mainly inferred by inverse reasoning from pharmacological blocks and, only in a few studies, by gene silencing or channel activation. A thorough analysis indicates that drug-induced cytotoxicity is partially an off-target effect. Dissection of on/off-target activity is paramount to elucidate the physiological roles of TTCCs, and to deliver efficacious therapies suited to different cancer types and stages.
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Chiral Resolution, Absolute Configuration Assignment, and Genotoxicity Evaluation of Racemic 3,4-Dihydroquinazoline as a Novel Anticancer Agent. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6169055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
If a new drug candidate will be a mixture of enantiomers, both enantiomers should be separately studied for at least latent genotoxicity as early as possible since the thalidomide tragedy. Our group has recently reported that KCP-10043F (OZ-001) as a racemate (±)-3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivative strongly represses the proliferation of human A549 lung cancer cells by caspase-mediated apoptosis via STAT3 inactivation. To investigate the possible teratological effects of the two enantiomers of a racemic KCP-10043F, therefore chiral resolution of (±)-KCP-10043F was performed and subsequently followed by a series of chemical processes to afford the corresponding chiral diastereomers. By using 1H NMR anisotropy method, the absolute configuration (+)-KCP-10043F and (−)-KCP-10043F could be assigned as S and R configuration, respectively. The bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) for racemate (±)-KCP-10043F and its two enantiomers exhibited that all three stereoisomers were found to be nongenotoxic against five bacterial strains with/without metabolic activation. In addition, (R)-(−)-KCP-10043F displayed almost equal anticancer activity to (S)-(+)-KCP-10043F against three cancer cell lines. Based on these overall results, racemate KCP-10043F (OZ-001) could be used for our ongoing preclinical and clinical studies without the expensive asymmetric process and/or chiral separation.
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Sharma A, Ramena GT, Elble RC. Advances in Intracellular Calcium Signaling Reveal Untapped Targets for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1077. [PMID: 34572262 PMCID: PMC8466575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ distribution is a tightly regulated process. Numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required to maintain normal cellular physiology. Ca2+-binding proteins, mainly calmodulin and calbindins, sequester free intracellular Ca2+ ions and apportion or transport them to signaling hubs needing the cations. Ca2+ channels, ATP-driven pumps, and exchangers assist the binding proteins in transferring the ions to and from appropriate cellular compartments. Some, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, act as Ca2+ repositories. Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is inefficient without the active contribution of these organelles. Moreover, certain key cellular processes also rely on inter-organellar Ca2+ signaling. This review attempts to encapsulate the structure, function, and regulation of major intracellular Ca2+ buffers, sensors, channels, and signaling molecules before highlighting how cancer cells manipulate them to survive and thrive. The spotlight is then shifted to the slow pace of translating such research findings into anticancer therapeutics. We use the PubMed database to highlight current clinical studies that target intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Drug repurposing and improving the delivery of small molecule therapeutics are further discussed as promising strategies for speeding therapeutic development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Grace T. Ramena
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Randolph C. Elble
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
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7
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Wu L, Lian W, Zhao L. Calcium signaling in cancer progression and therapy. FEBS J 2021; 288:6187-6205. [PMID: 34288422 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The old Greek aphorism 'Panta Rhei' ('everything flows') is true for all living things in general. As a dynamic process, calcium signaling plays fundamental roles in cellular activities under both normal and pathological conditions, with recent researches uncovering its involvement in cell proliferation, migration, survival, gene expression, and more. The major question we address here is how calcium signaling affects cancer progression and whether it could be targeted to combine with classic chemotherapeutics or emerging immunotherapies to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Lian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Capatina AL, Lagos D, Brackenbury WJ. Targeting Ion Channels for Cancer Treatment: Current Progress and Future Challenges. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:1-43. [PMID: 32865696 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are key regulators of cancer cell pathophysiology. They contribute to a variety of processes such as maintenance of cellular osmolarity and membrane potential, motility (via interactions with the cytoskeleton), invasion, signal transduction, transcriptional activity and cell cycle progression, leading to tumour progression and metastasis. Ion channels thus represent promising targets for cancer therapy. Ion channels are attractive targets because many of them are expressed at the plasma membrane and a broad range of existing inhibitors are already in clinical use for other indications. However, many of the ion channels identified in cancer cells are also active in healthy normal cells, so there is a risk that certain blockers may have off-target effects on normal physiological function. This review describes recent research advances into ion channel inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics. A growing body of evidence suggests that a range of existing and novel Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- channel inhibitors may be effective for suppressing cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as enhancing apoptosis, leading to suppression of tumour growth and metastasis, either alone or in combination with standard-of-care therapies. The majority of evidence to date is based on preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, although there are several examples of ion channel-targeting strategies now reaching early phase clinical trials. Given the strong links between ion channel function and regulation of tumour growth, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance, it is likely that further work in this area will facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches which will reach the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK.
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Nam Y, Ryu KD, Jang C, Moon YH, Kim M, Ko D, Chung KS, Gandini MA, Lee KT, Zamponi GW, Lee JY. Synthesis and cytotoxic effects of 2-thio-3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives as novel T-type calcium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115491. [PMID: 32327350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In our previous work, a series of 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivativesusing an electron acceptor group was reported to be potent T-type calcium channel blockers and exhibit strong cytotoxic effects against various cancerous cell lines. To investigate the role of the guanidine moiety in the 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline scaffold as a pharmacophore for dual biological activity, a new series of 2-thio-3,4-dihydroquniazoline derivatives using an electron donor group at the C2-position was synthesized and evaluated for T-type calcium channel blocking activity and cytotoxic effects against two human cancerous cell lines (lung cancer A549 and colon cancer HCT-116). Among them, compound 6g showed potent inhibition of Cav3.2 currents (83% inhibition) at 10 µM concentrations. The compound also exhibited IC50 values of 5.0 and 6.4 µM against A549 and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively, which are comparable to the parental lead compound KYS05090. These results indicate that the isothiourea moiety similar to the guanidine moiety of 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives may be an essential pharmacophore for the desired biological activities. Therefore, our preliminary work can provide the opportunity to expand a chemical repertoire to improve affinity and selectivity for T-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchan Nam
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Deok Ryu
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Jang
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hyoung Moon
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Misong Kim
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeong Ko
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria A Gandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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KCP10043F Represses the Proliferation of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis via STAT3 Inactivation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030704. [PMID: 32150979 PMCID: PMC7141374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that 4-(4-fluorobenzylcarbamoylmethyl)-3-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-2-[3-(N,N-dimethylureido)-N'-methylpropylamino]-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (KCP10043F) can induce G1-phase arrest and synergistic cell death in combination with etoposide in lung cancer cells. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism by which KCP10043F induces cell death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining revealed that KCP10043F-induced cytotoxicity was caused by apoptosis. KCP10043F induced a series of intracellular events: (1) downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and upregulation of Bax and cleaved Bid; (2) loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; (3) increase of cytochrome c release; (4) cleavage of procaspase-8, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, KCP10043F exhibited potent inhibitory effects on constitutive or interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) phosphorylation and STAT3-regulated genes including survivin, Mcl-1, and cyclin D1. Furthermore, STAT3 overexpression attenuated KCP10043F-induced apoptosis and the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. Docking analysis disclosed that KCP10043F could bind to a pocket in the SH2 domain of STAT3 and prevent STAT3 phosphorylation. The oral administration of KCP10043F decreased tumor growth in an A549 xenograft mouse model, as associated with the reduced phosphorylated STAT3, survivin, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2 expression and increased TUNEL staining and PARP cleavage in tumor tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that KCP10043F suppresses NSCLC cell growth through apoptosis induction via STAT3 inactivation.
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Chemistry and pharmacological diversity of quinoxaline motifs as anticancer agents. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:177-196. [PMID: 31259731 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Surpassing heart diseases, cancer is taking the lead as the deadliest disease because of its fast rate of spreading in all parts of the world. Tireless commitment to searching for novel therapeutic medicines is a worthwhile adventure in synthetic chemistry because of the drug resistance predicament and regular outbreak of new diseases due to abnormal cell growth and proliferation. Medicinal chemistry researchers and pharmacists have unveiled quinoxaline templates as precursors of importance and valuable intermediates in drug discovery because they have been established to possess diverse pharmacological potentials. Hence, this review highlights the current versatile routes to accessing functionalized quinoxaline motifs and harnessing their documented therapeutic potentials for anticancer drug development.
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Kim BI, Kim JH, Sim DY, Nam M, Jung JH, Shim B, Lee J, Kim SH. Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 and activation of caspase‑9/3 are involved in KYS05090S‑induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:203-210. [PMID: 31059018 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the poor prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer, attempting to target ovarian cancer with effective antitumor compounds has been conducted for numerous years. Although the 3,4‑dihydroquinazoline derivative KYS05090S was known to exert antitumor effects in A549 and ovarian cancer cells by inhibition of T‑type Ca2+ channels, the complete underlying antitumor mechanism of this compound remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, the potential apoptotic mechanism of KYS05090S was elucidated in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells. KYS05090S exerted significant cytotoxicity in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells, and also increased the number of apoptotic bodies, and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive cells and the sub‑G1 population as a feature of apoptosis. Consistently, KYS05090S induced cleavage of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase and caspase‑9/3 in ovarian cancer cells. Notably, KYS05090S attenuated the expression of anti‑apoptotic proteins, including cyclin D1 and B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), and reduced the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, KYS05090S blocked the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and suppressed the signaling of JAK2/STAT3 in interleukin‑6‑treated SKOV3 cells, as a STAT3 activator. Overall, these observations indicated that inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and activation of caspase‑9/3 are critically involved in the effects of KYS05090S on apoptosis in ovarian cancer types, and the compound may be beneficial as a potent antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Im Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ha Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsang Shim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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13
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Visa A, Shaikh S, Alza L, Herreros J, Cantí C. The Hard-To-Close Window of T-Type Calcium Channels. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:571-584. [PMID: 31031178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-Type calcium channels (TTCCs) are key regulators of membrane excitability, which is the reason why TTCC pharmacology is subject to intensive research in the neurological and cardiovascular fields. TTCCs also play a role in cancer physiology, and pharmacological blockers such as tetralols and dihydroquinazolines (DHQs) reduce the viability of cancer cells in vitro and slow tumor growth in murine xenografts. However, the available compounds are better suited to blocking TTCCs in excitable membranes rather than TTCCs contributing window currents at steady potentials. Consistently, tetralols and dihydroquinazolines exhibit cytostatic/cytotoxic activities at higher concentrations than those required for TTCC blockade, which may involve off-target effects. Gene silencing experiments highlight the targetability of TTCCs, but further pharmacological research is required for TTCC blockade to become a chemotherapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Visa
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Soni Shaikh
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Lía Alza
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain.
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14
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Lin Y, Zhou J, Cao L, Xu Q, Hao J, Zhao L, Wang J. Serum calcium is a novel parameter to assess metabolic syndrome in endometrial carcinoma. J Gynecol Oncol 2018; 30:e12. [PMID: 30479096 PMCID: PMC6304409 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the distribution of serum calcium and the relationship between serum calcium and serum metabolic parameters in endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients. METHODS Retrospective assessment of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer from Peking University People's Hospital from 2004 to 2009. Clinical characteristics as well as pretreatment serum calcium, albumin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) value were extracted from patient records. Serum calcium was corrected for albumin. Unpaired t test and analysis of covariance were used to compare serum calcium among categorical variables. Simple correlation analyses and partial correlation analyses were used to assess the associations between serum calcium and continuous variables. RESULTS Two-hundred twenty patients were included in this study. After adjusting for confounders, postmenopausal patients had higher total serum calcium (p=0.002) and albumin-corrected serum calcium (p=0.012) than premenopausal patients, endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) patients had higher total serum calcium than non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (NEEC) patients (p=0.037). Significant positive correlations were found between total serum calcium and FPG (p=0.017), TG (p=0.043), HDL (p=0.042), LDL (p<0.001), and TC (p<0.001) after adjusting for multiple variables, and the corrected serum calcium showed no significant correlation with metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION Total serum calcium might be a more sensitive parameter for metabolic syndrome in endometrioid endometrial cancer patients than lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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15
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Juárez E, Ruiz A, Cortez O, Sada E, Torres M. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity induced by loperamide in mycobacterial infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:29-36. [PMID: 30268801 PMCID: PMC7185470 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Loperamide modulates macrophages immune responses towards mycobacteria. Loperamide is an immunoregulator of inflammation during mycobacterial infection. Loperamide induces immunomodulatory responses and bactericidal mechanisms. The activation of opioid receptors by loperamide is involved in its immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Juárez
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Andy Ruiz
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Omar Cortez
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Sada
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Martha Torres
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico.
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16
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T-type Ca2+ Channels: T for Targetable. Cancer Res 2018; 78:603-609. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Kondratskyi A, Kondratska K, Skryma R, Klionsky DJ, Prevarskaya N. Ion channels in the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2017; 14:3-21. [PMID: 28980859 PMCID: PMC5846505 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1384887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process in which the cell degrades and recycles its own constituents. Given the crucial role of autophagy in physiology, deregulation of autophagic machinery is associated with various diseases. Hence, a thorough understanding of autophagy regulatory mechanisms is crucially important for the elaboration of efficient treatments for different diseases. Recently, ion channels, mediating ion fluxes across cellular membranes, have emerged as important regulators of both basal and induced autophagy. However, the mechanisms by which specific ion channels regulate autophagy are still poorly understood, thus underscoring the need for further research in this field. Here we discuss the involvement of major types of ion channels in autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kondratskyi
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kateryna Kondratska
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Roman Skryma
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm, U-1003, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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18
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluoro-substituted 3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivatives for cytotoxic and analgesic effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4656-4664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Lin ST, Tu SH, Yang PS, Hsu SP, Lee WH, Ho CT, Wu CH, Lai YH, Chen MY, Chen LC. Apple Polyphenol Phloretin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth via Inhibition of the Type 2 Glucose Transporter and Activation of p53-Mediated Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6826-6837. [PMID: 27538679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are required for glucose uptake in malignant cells, and they can be used as molecular targets for cancer therapy. An RT-PCR analysis was performed to investigate the mRNA levels of 14 subtypes of GLUTs in human colorectal cancer (COLO 205 and HT-29) and normal (FHC) cells. RT-PCR (n = 27) was used to assess the differences in paired tissue samples (tumor vs normal) isolated from colorectal cancer patients. GLUT2 was detected in all tested cells. The average GLUT2 mRNA level in 12 of 27 (44.4%) cases was 2.4-fold higher in tumor compared to normal tissues (*, p = 0.027). Higher GLUT2 mRNA expression was preferentially detected in advanced-stage tumors (stage 0 vs 3 = 16.38-fold, 95% CI = 9.22-26.54-fold; *, p = 0.029). The apple polyphenol phloretin (Ph) and siRNA methods were used to inhibit GLUT2 protein expression. Ph (0-100 μM, for 24 h) induced COLO 205 cell growth cycle arrest in a p53-dependent manner, which was confirmed by pretreatment of the cells with a p53-specific dominant negative expression vector. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6), which was previously reported to be a transcription factor that activates GLUT2 and p53, was also induced by Ph (0-100 μM, for 24 h). The antitumor effect of Ph (25 mg/kg or DMSO twice a week for 6 weeks) was demonstrated in vivo using BALB/c nude mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts. In conclusion, targeting GLUT2 could potentially suppress colorectal tumor cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tsai Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital , New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Tu
- TMU Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Breast Medical Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Yang
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Nursing and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institue of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital , Jhonghe City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Chih-Hsiung Wu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, En Chu Kong Hospital , New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital , New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital , New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- TMU Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
- Breast Medical Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
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Buchanan PJ, McCloskey KD. Ca V channels and cancer: canonical functions indicate benefits of repurposed drugs as cancer therapeutics. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:621-633. [PMID: 27342111 PMCID: PMC5045480 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The importance of ion channels in the hallmarks of many cancers is increasingly recognised. This article reviews current knowledge of the expression of members of the voltage-gated calcium channel family (CaV) in cancer at the gene and protein level and discusses their potential functional roles. The ten members of the CaV channel family are classified according to expression of their pore-forming α-subunit; moreover, co-expression of accessory α2δ, β and γ confers a spectrum of biophysical characteristics including voltage dependence of activation and inactivation, current amplitude and activation/inactivation kinetics. CaV channels have traditionally been studied in excitable cells including neurones, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac cells, and drugs targeting the channels are used in the treatment of hypertension and epilepsy. There is emerging evidence that several CaV channels are differentially expressed in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Interestingly, a number of CaV channels also have non-canonical functions and are involved in transcriptional regulation of the expression of other proteins including potassium channels. Pharmacological studies show that CaV canonical function contributes to the fundamental biology of proliferation, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. This raises the intriguing possibility that calcium channel blockers, approved for the treatment of other conditions, could be repurposed to treat particular cancers. Further research will reveal the full extent of both the canonical and non-canonical functions of CaV channels in cancer and whether calcium channel blockers are beneficial in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Buchanan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.,National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, School of Nursing and Human Science, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.
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21
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Byun JS, Sohn JM, Leem DG, Park B, Nam JH, Shin DH, Shin JS, Kim HJ, Lee KT, Lee JY. In vitro synergistic anticancer activity of the combination of T-type calcium channel blocker and chemotherapeutic agent in A549 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:1073-1079. [PMID: 26739776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As a result of our continuous research, new 3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivative containing ureido group, KCP10043F was synthesized and evaluated for T-type Ca(2+) channel (Cav3.1) blockade, cytotoxicity, and cell cycle arrest against human non-small cell lung (A549) cells. KCP10043F showed both weaker T-type Ca(2+) channel blocking activity and less cytotoxicity against A549 cells than parent compound KYS05090S [4-(benzylcarbamoylmethyl)-3-(4-biphenylyl)-2-(N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,5-pentanediamino)-3,4-dihydroquinazoline 2 hydrochloride], but it exhibited more potent G1-phase arrest than KYS05090S in A549 cells. This was found to be accompanied by the downregulations of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D2, cyclin D3, and cyclin E at the protein levels. However, p27(KIP1) as a CDK inhibitor was gradually upregulated at the protein levels and increased recruitment to CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 after KCP10043F treatment. Based on the strong G1-phase cell cycle arrest of KCP10043F in A549 cells, the combination of KCP10043F with etoposide (or cisplatin) resulted in a synergistic cell death (combination index=0.2-0.8) via the induction of apoptosis compared with either agent alone. Taken together with these overall results and the favorable in vitro ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) profiles of KCP10043F, therefore, it could be used as a potential agent for the combination therapy on human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Byun
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Sohn
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Leem
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyeon Park
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Nam
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ja Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Effect of the T-type channel blocker KYS-05090S in mouse models of acute and neuropathic pain. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:193-9. [PMID: 26354962 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-type channels are important contributors to the initiation and the maintenance of chronic pain states. Blocking T-type channels is therefore a possible therapeutic strategy for relieving pain. Here, we report the Cav3.2 T-type channel blocking action of a previously reported small organic molecule, KYS-05090S. This compound was able to reduce transiently expressed Cav3.2 currents with low micromolar affinity and mediated a hyperpolarizing shift in half-inactivation potential. KYS-05090S was then tested in models of acute and neuropathic pain. KYS-05090S (10 μg/10 μl delivered intrathecally) significantly reduced acute pain induced by formalin in both the tonic and inflammatory phases. Its antinociceptive effect was not observed when delivered to Cav3.2 null-mice revealing a Cav3.2-dependent mechanism. KYS-05090S also reduced neuropathic pain in a model of partial sciatic nerve injury. Those results indicate that KYS-05090S mediates a potent analgesic effect in inflammatory and neuropathic pain through T-type channel modulation, suggesting that its scaffold could be explored as a new class of analgesic compounds.
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Inhibitory effect of positively charged triazine antagonists of prokineticin receptors on the transient receptor vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:362-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Calcium homeostasis and ER stress in control of autophagy in cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:352794. [PMID: 25821797 PMCID: PMC4363509 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a basic catabolic process, serving as an internal engine during responses to various cellular stresses. As regards cancer, autophagy may play a tumor suppressive role by preserving cellular integrity during tumor development and by possible contribution to cell death. However, autophagy may also exert oncogenic effects by promoting tumor cell survival and preventing cell death, for example, upon anticancer treatment. The major factors influencing autophagy are Ca2+ homeostasis perturbation and starvation. Several Ca2+ channels like voltage-gated T- and L-type channels, IP3 receptors, or CRAC are involved in autophagy regulation. Glucose transporters, mainly from GLUT family, which are often upregulated in cancer, are also prominent targets for autophagy induction. Signals from both Ca2+ perturbations and glucose transport blockage might be integrated at UPR and ER stress activation. Molecular pathways such as IRE 1-JNK-Bcl-2, PERK-eIF2α-ATF4, or ATF6-XBP 1-ATG are related to autophagy induced through ER stress. Moreover ER molecular chaperones such as GRP78/BiP and transcription factors like CHOP participate in regulation of ER stress-mediated autophagy. Autophagy modulation might be promising in anticancer therapies; however, it is a context-dependent matter whether inhibition or activation of autophagy leads to tumor cell death.
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