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Oh JW, Muthu M, Pushparaj SSC, Gopal J. Anticancer Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Catechins (GTCs) When Integrated with Antioxidant Natural Components. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052151. [PMID: 36903395 PMCID: PMC10004647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of research and development concerning cancer treatment, cancer is still at large and very much a threat to the global human population. Cancer remedies have been sought from all possible directions, including chemicals, irradiation, nanomaterials, natural compounds, and the like. In this current review, we surveyed the milestones achieved by green tea catechins and what has been accomplished in cancer therapy. Specifically, we have assessed the synergistic anticarcinogenic effects when green tea catechins (GTCs) are combined with other antioxidant-rich natural compounds. Living in an age of inadequacies, combinatorial approaches are gaining momentum, and GTCs have progressed much, yet there are insufficiencies that can be improvised when combined with natural antioxidant compounds. This review highlights that there are not many reports in this specific area and encourages and recommends research attention in this direction. The antioxidant/prooxidant mechanisms of GTCs have also been highlighted. The current scenario and the future of such combinatorial approaches have been addressed, and the lacunae in this aspect have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Suraj Shiv Charan Pushparaj
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-44-66726677; Fax: +91-44-2681-1009
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Ozkur M, Benlier N, Takan I, Vasileiou C, Georgakilas AG, Pavlopoulou A, Cetin Z, Saygili EI. Ginger for Healthy Ageing: A Systematic Review on Current Evidence of Its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4748447. [PMID: 35585878 PMCID: PMC9110206 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4748447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is ageing at an accelerated pace. Ageing is a natural, physiological but highly complex and multifactorial process that all species in the Tree of Life experience over time. Physical and mental disabilities, and age-related diseases, would increase along with the increasing life expectancy. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, native to Southeast Asia. For hundreds of years, ginger has been consumed in various ways by the natives of Asian countries, both as culinary and medicinal herb for the treatment of many diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that ginger can promote healthy ageing, reduce morbidity, and prolong healthy lifespan. Ginger, a well-known natural product, has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties, as well as an outstanding antiviral activity due to a high concentration of antiviral compounds. In this review, the current evidence on the potential role of ginger and its active compounds in the prevention of ageing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Ozkur
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Necla Benlier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Christina Vasileiou
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Zafer Cetin
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Education Institute, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Eyup Ilker Saygili
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate Education Institute, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Anticancer Efficacy of 6-Gingerol with Paclitaxel against Wild Type of Human Breast Adenocarcinoma. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092693. [PMID: 35566044 PMCID: PMC9104006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, and despite the dynamic development of anticancer therapies, 5-year survival in the metastatic stage is still less than 30%. 6-Gingerol (1-[4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) is a substance contained in ginger, which exhibits anti-cancer properties. Paclitaxel is a cytostatic substance used to treat breast cancer, but its therapeutically effective dose has many adverse effects. The aim of the presented study was to assess the anticancer effect of 6-gingerol and the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of Paclitaxel in the death induction of wild type human breast cancer cells. MCF-7/WT cells were treated with drugs—6-gingerol and paclitaxel at selected concentrations. The mitochondrial activity assay, caspase 7 activity assay, ATP assay, microscopy studies, and RT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the antitumor activity and mechanism of action of both compounds, alone and in combination. After 72 h of incubation, the mitochondrial activity showed that the combination of 5 nM Paclitaxel with 10 µM 6-Gingerol led to the same decrease in viability as the use of 20 nM Paclitaxel alone; 10 µM 6-Gingerol led to an enhancement of caspase 7 activity, with the highest activity observed after 24 h of incubation. A real-time PCR study showed that 6-Gingerol induces the simultaneous transcription of Bax with TP53 genes in large excess to BCL-2. In contrast, 5 nM Paclitaxel induces TP53 transcription in excess of BCL-2 and Bax. Our results suggest that 6-Gingerol may act as a cell death-inducing agent in cancer cells and, in combination with paclitaxel, and increase the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy.
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Abdul Rahman A, Wan Ngah WZ, Jamal R, Makpol S, Harun R, Mokhtar N. Inhibitory Mechanism of Combined Hydroxychavicol With Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Against Glioma Cancer Cell Lines: A Transcriptomic Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:844199. [PMID: 35392560 PMCID: PMC8982671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.844199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging reports have shown therapeutic potential of hydroxychavicol (HC) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against cancer cells, however high concentrations are required to achieve the anticancer activity. We reported the synergy of low combination doses of EGCG+HC in glioma cell lines 1321N1, SW1783, and LN18 by assessing the effects of EGCG+HC through functional assays. Using high throughput RNA sequencing, the molecular mechanisms of EGCG+HC against glioma cell lines were revealed. EGCG/HC alone inhibited the proliferation of glioma cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 82 to 302 µg/ml and 75 to 119 µg/ml, respectively. Sub-effective concentrations of combined EGCG+HC enhanced the suppression of glioma cell growth, with SW1783 showing strong synergism with a combination index (CI) of 0.55 and LN18 showing a CI of 0.51. A moderate synergistic interaction of EGCG+HC was detected in 1321N1 cells, with a CI value of 0.88. Exposure of 1321N1, SW1783, and LN18 cells to EGCG+HC for 24 h induces cell death, with caspase-3 activation rates of 52%, 57%, and 9.4%, respectively. However, the dose for SW1783 is cytotoxic to normal cells, thus this dose was excluded from other tests. EGCG+HC induced cell cycle arrest at S phase and reduced 1321N1 and LN18 cell migration and invasion. Combined EGCG+HC amplified its anticancer effect by downregulating the axon guidance process and metabolic pathways, while simultaneously interfering with endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response pathway. Furthermore, EGCG+HC exerted its apoptotic effect through the alteration of mitochondrial genes such as MT-CO3 and MT-RNR2 in 1321N1 and LN18 cells respectively. EGCG+HC dynamically altered DYNLL1 alternative splicing expression in 1321N1 and DLD splicing expression in LN18 cell lines. Our work indicated the pleiotropic effects of EGCG+HC treatment, as well as particular target genes that might be investigated for future glioma cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.,UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Harun
- KPJ Ampang Specialist Hospital, Ampang, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mahomoodally MF, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR, Roshan S, Hammad S, Pandohee J, Hu X, Zengin G. Ginger and its active compounds in cancer therapy: From folk uses to nano-therapeutic applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 69:140-149. [PMID: 31412298 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ginger is a spice that is renowned for its characteristic aromatic fragrance and pungent taste, with documented healing properties. Field studies conducted in several Asian and African countries revealed that ginger is used traditionally in the management of cancer. The scientific community has probed into the biological validation of its extracts and isolated compounds including the gingerols, shogaols, zingiberene, and zingerone, through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Nonetheless, an updated compilation of these data together with a deep mechanistic approach is yet to be provided. Accordingly, this review highlights the mechanisms and therapeutics of ginger and its bioactive compounds focused on a cancer context and these evidence are based on the (i) cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, (ii) enzyme inhibitory action, (iii) combination therapy with chemotherapeutic and phenolic compounds, (iv) possible links to the microbiome and (v) the use of nano-formulations of ginger bioactive compounds as a more effective drug delivery strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - M Z Aumeeruddy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - S Roshan
- Deccan School of Pharmacy, Darussalam, Aghapura, Hyderabad, 500001, Telangana, India
| | - S Hammad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J Pandohee
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius; Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Xuebo Hu
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - G Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Turkey
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Zhou X, Liang J, Liu Q, Huang D, Xu J, Gu H, Xue W. Codelivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and diallyl trisulfide by near-infrared light-responsive mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles for enhanced antitumor efficacy. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120020. [PMID: 33127486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), as a kind of natural active compounds, has become a research hotspot in cancer treatment. However, poor stability, low bioavailability and antitumor efficacy limit the application of EGCG. In this study, mesoporous dopamine (MPDA) with high drug loading and good biocompatibility loaded EGCG, garlic extract diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and photosensitizer (indocyanine green, ICG) by π-π stacking and hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, and the nano-system involved filling the mesoporous of the MPDA with phase change material (1-tetradecanol, 1-TD) molecules, which acted as a thermosensitive gatekeeper. The results indicated that MPDA-ICG@TD has an excellent photothermal effect and good stability. Due to the solid-liquid phase transition characteristics of the phase change material, MPDA-ICG@TD could control the release of drugs under near-infrared laser irradiation. Besides, cytotoxicity and apoptosis experiments showed that MPDA-ICG/EGCG/DATS@TD could be efficiently inhibited 4T1 cell proliferation and accelerate cell apoptosis than use diallyl trisulfide or EGCG alone, which means that the combination of natural active compounds EGCG and diallyl trisulfide has excellent synergy and can effectively improve the antitumor effect of EGCG. Moreover, this nano-system exhibited non-toxicity and good blood compatibility. This study provides a promising and effective strategy for improving the antitumor efficacy of natural active compound EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China; Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinglan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qunfeng Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Dequn Huang
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Hamezah HS, Durani LW, Yanagisawa D, Ibrahim NF, Aizat WM, Makpol S, Wan Ngah WZ, Damanhuri HA, Tooyama I. Modulation of Proteome Profile in AβPP/PS1 Mice Hippocampus, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, and Striatum by Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:229-246. [PMID: 31594216 PMCID: PMC6839455 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is a mixture of vitamin E analogs derived from palm oil. We previously demonstrated that supplementation with TRF improved cognitive function and modulated amyloid pathology in AβPP/PS1 mice brains. The current study was designed to examine proteomic profiles underlying the therapeutic effect of TRF in the brain. Proteomic analyses were performed on samples of hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and striatum using liquid chromatography coupled to Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry. From these analyses, we profiled a total of 5,847 proteins of which 155 proteins were differentially expressed between AβPP/PS1 and wild-type mice. TRF supplementation of these mice altered the expression of 255 proteins in the hippocampus, mPFC, and striatum. TRF also negatively modulated the expression of amyloid beta A4 protein and receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha protein in the hippocampus. The expression of proteins in metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, and those involved in Alzheimer’s disease were altered in the brains of AβPP/PS1 mice that received TRF supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Lina Wati Durani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nor Faeizah Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Aizat
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
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Wan Nasri WN, Makpol S, Mazlan M, Tooyama I, Wan Ngah WZ, Damanhuri HA. Tocotrienol Rich Fraction Supplementation Modulate Brain Hippocampal Gene Expression in APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:S239-S254. [PMID: 30507571 PMCID: PMC6700627 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive abilities. AD is associated with aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposited in the hippocampal brain region. Our previous work has shown that tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) supplementation was able to attenuate the blood oxidative status, improve behavior, and reduce fibrillary-type Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of an AD mouse model. In the present study, we investigate the effect of 6 months of TRF supplementation on transcriptome profile in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice. TRF supplementation can alleviate AD conditions by modulating several important genes in AD. Moreover, TRF supplementation attenuated the affected biological process and pathways that were upregulated in the AD mouse model. Our findings indicate that TRF supplementation can modulate hippocampal gene expression as well as biological processes that can potentially delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nurzulaikha Wan Nasri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ma Y, Wen J, Wang J, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li J, Feng X. Asiaticoside Antagonizes Proliferation and Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924435. [PMID: 32862187 PMCID: PMC7480090 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent malignant tumor in China after lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and breast cancer, and has a high mortality rate. Though there are a series of therapeutic strategies is now available for HCC in clinical practice, the 5-year survival rate after surgery is still low. In addition, multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the most important factors responsible for the low survival rate and poor therapy response in HCC. Hence, novel treatment strategies and molecules for HCC need to be developed. Material/Methods We assessed the effect of asiaticoside, a natural product derived from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, on HCC cell proliferation and drug resistance. Results Our data indicated that asiaticoside significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cell lines QGY-7703 and Bel-7402 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, asiaticoside significantly induced apoptosis in QGY-7703 and Bel-7402 cells. Treatment with asiaticoside also caused G1 cell cycle arrest in QGY-7703 and Bel-7402 cells. Western blot assay results indicated that the mechanism underlying the effects of asiaticoside involves inhibiting the activity of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, asiaticoside significantly antagonized P-gp-mediated MDR in HCC cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that asiaticoside has the potential to be applied in the treatment of HCC patients, but further evidence is needed to confirm our results, particularly in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Wen
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Wang
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Lili Zhao
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Li
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Feng
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Idriss M, Hodroj MH, Fakhoury R, Rizk S. Beta-Tocotrienol Exhibits More Cytotoxic Effects than Gamma-Tocotrienol on Breast Cancer Cells by Promoting Apoptosis via a P53-Independent PI3-Kinase Dependent Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040577. [PMID: 32283796 PMCID: PMC7226046 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on tocotrienols have progressively revealed the benefits of these vitamin E isoforms on human health. Beta-tocotrienol (beta-T3) is known to be less available in nature compared to other vitamin E members, which may explain the restricted number of studies on beta-T3. In the present study, we aim to investigate the anti-proliferative effects and the pro-apoptotic mechanisms of beta-T3 on two human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7. To assess cell viability, both cell lines were incubated for 24 and 48 h, with different concentrations of beta-T3 and gamma-T3, the latter being a widely studied vitamin E isoform with potent anti-cancerous properties. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction upon treatment with various concentrations of the beta-T3 isoform were assessed. The effect of beta-T3 on the expression level of several apoptosis-related proteins p53, cytochrome C, cleaved-PARP-1, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, in addition to key cell survival proteins p-PI3K and p-GSK-3 α/β was determined using western blot analysis. Beta-tocotrienol exhibited a significantly more potent anti-proliferative effect than gamma-tocotrienol on both cell lines regardless of their hormonal receptor status. Beta-T3 induced a mild G1 arrest on both cell lines, and triggered a mitochondrial stress-mediated apoptotic response in MDA-MB-231 cells. Mechanistically, beta-T3′s anti-neoplastic activity involved the downregulation of phosphorylated PI3K and GSK-3 cell survival proteins. These findings suggest that vitamin E beta-T3 should be considered as a promising anti-cancer agent, more effective than gamma-T3 for treating human breast cancer and deserves to be further studied to investigate its effects in vitro and on other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Idriss
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 36, Lebanon; (M.I.); (M.H.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon;
| | - Mohammad Hassan Hodroj
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 36, Lebanon; (M.I.); (M.H.H.)
| | - Rajaa Fakhoury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon;
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos 36, Lebanon; (M.I.); (M.H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-1786456
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El-Sisi AE, Sokkar SS, Ibrahim HA, Hamed MF, Abu-Risha SE. Targeting MDR-1 gene expression, BAX/BCL2, caspase-3, and Ki-67 by nanoencapsulated imatinib and hesperidin to enhance anticancer activity and ameliorate cardiotoxicity. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:458-475. [PMID: 32080901 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a great demand to introduce new approaches into cancer treatment field due to incidence of increased breast cancer all over the world. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of imatinib mesylate (IM) and/or hesperidin (HES) nanoparticles alone or in combination in enhancing the anticancer activity and to investigate the ability of nanoencapsulation to reduce cardiotoxicity of IM in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-bearing mice. IM and HES were loaded into PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer. SEC was induced in female albino mice as a model for experimentally induced breast cancer. Mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10). On day 28 from tumor inoculation, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes for hematological studies, biochemical determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels. In addition, tumor and cardiac tissues were utilized for histopathological examination as well as determination of MDR-1 gene expression. Immunohistochemical staining of BAX and BCL-2 was done. Nano IM- and/or Nano HES-treated groups showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, weight, hematological, cardiac markers, and tumor MDR-1 gene downregulation compared to free conventional treated groups. In conclusion, the use of HES as an adjuvant therapy with IM could improve its cytotoxic effects and limit its cardiac toxicity. Furthermore, nanoencapsulation of IM and/or HES with PLGA polymer showed a remarkable anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E El-Sisi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology department, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samia S Sokkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology department, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology department, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of El-Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sally E Abu-Risha
- Pharmacology and Toxicology department, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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13
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Enhanced anticancer activity of combined treatment of imatinib and dipyridamole in solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1113-1129. [PMID: 31950222 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate potential enhancement of the anticancer activity of imatinib mesylate (IM) with dipyridamole (DIP) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the combined therapy (IM/DIP) to reduce hepatotoxicity of IM in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-bearing mice. SEC was induced in female albino mice as a model for experimentally induced breast cancer. Mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10): SEC vehicle, IM50 (50 mg/kg), IM100 (100 mg/kg), DIP (35 mg/kg), a combination of IM50/DIP and IM100/DIP. On day 28th, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hematological studies. Biochemical determination of liver markers was evaluated. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were assessed. In addition, MDR-1 gene expression and immunohistochemical staining of BAX and BCL-2 was done. Also, in vitro experiment for determination of IC50 of different treatments and combination index (CI) were assessed in both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines. IM- and/or DIP-treated groups showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, weight, and serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, and AIP compared to vehicle group. In addition, reduction of VEGF, Ki67, and adenosine contents was also reported by treated groups. Also, IM/DIP combination showed lower IC50 than monotherapy. Combination index is less than 1 for IM/DIP combination in both cell lines. DIP as an adjuvant therapy potentiated the cytotoxic effect of IM, ameliorated its hepatic toxicity, and showed synergistic effect with IM in vitro cell lines. Furthermore, the resistance against IM therapy may be overcome by the use of DIP independent on mdr-1 gene expression.
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Li Q, Hao Q, Cao W, Li J, Wu K, Elshimali Y, Zhu D, Chen QH, Chen G, Pollack JR, Vadgama J, Wu Y. PP2Cδ inhibits p300-mediated p53 acetylation via ATM/BRCA1 pathway to impede DNA damage response in breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw8417. [PMID: 31663018 PMCID: PMC6795508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although nuclear type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2Cδ) has been demonstrated to be pro-oncogenic with an important role in tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanisms that link aberrant PP2Cδ levels with cancer development remain elusive. Here, we found that aberrant PP2Cδ activity decreases p53 acetylation and its transcriptional activity and suppresses doxorubicin-induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we show that BRCA1 facilitates p300-mediated p53 acetylation by complexing with these two proteins and that S1423/1524 phosphorylation is indispensable for this regulatory process. PP2Cδ, via dephosphorylation of ATM, suppresses DNA damage-induced BRCA1 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of p300-mediated p53 acetylation. Furthermore, PP2Cδ levels correlate with histological grade and are inversely associated with BRCA1 phosphorylation and p53 acetylation in breast cancer specimens. C23, our newly developed PP2Cδ inhibitor, promotes the anticancer effect of doxorubicin in MCF-7 xenograft-bearing nude mice. Together, our data indicate that PP2Cδ impairs p53 acetylation and DNA damage response by compromising BRCA1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Jieqing Li
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jay Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Wu K, Yu X, Huang Z, Zhu D, Yi X, Wu YL, Hao Q, Kemp KT, Elshimali Y, Iyer R, Nguyen KT, Zheng S, Chen G, Chen QH, Wang G, Vadgama JV, Wu Y. Targeting of PP2Cδ By a Small Molecule C23 Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Breast Cancer Progression In Vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1983-1998. [PMID: 29808718 PMCID: PMC6486665 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Epidemiologic evidence indicates that diabetes may increase risk of breast cancer (BC) and mortality in patients with cancer. The pathophysiological relationships between diabetes and cancer are not fully understood, and personalized treatments for diabetes-associated BC are urgently needed. Results: We observed that high glucose (HG), via activation of nuclear phosphatase PP2Cδ, suppresses p53 function, and consequently promotes BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. PP2Cδ expression is higher in tumor tissues from BC patients with hyperglycemia than those with normoglycemia. The mechanisms underlying HG stimulation of PP2Cδ involve classical/novel protein kinase-C (PKC) activation and GSK3β phosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NF-κB pathway also mediates HG induction of PP2Cδ. Furthermore, we identified a 1,5-diheteroarylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one (Compound 23, or C23) as a novel potent PP2Cδ inhibitor with a striking cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells through cell-based screening assay for growth inhibition and activity of a group of curcumin mimics. Beside directly inhibiting PP2Cδ activity, C23 blocks HG induction of PP2Cδ expression via heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) induction and subsequent ablation of ROS/NF-κB activation. C23 can thus significantly block HG-triggered inhibition of p53 activity, leading to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, hyperglycemia promotes BC development in diabetic nude mice, and C23 inhibits the xenografted BC tumor growth. Conclusions and Innovation: Our findings elucidate mechanisms that may have contributed to diabetes-associated BC progression, and provide the first evidence to support the possible alternative therapeutic approach to BC patients with diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 30, 1983-1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin T. Kemp
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roshni Iyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Kytai Truong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Shilong Zheng
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, California
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, California
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Rady I, Mohamed H, Rady M, Siddiqui IA, Mukhtar H. Cancer preventive and therapeutic effects of EGCG, the major polyphenol in green tea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Rady
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadir Mohamed
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mohamad Rady
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Imtiaz A. Siddiqui
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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17
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Le CT, Leenders WPJ, Molenaar RJ, van Noorden CJF. Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Glioma: A Critical Evaluation of the Literature. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:317-333. [PMID: 29570984 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1446090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Gallate (EGCG) on glioma as a basis for future research on clinical application of EGCG. Epidemiological studies on the effects of green tea or EGCG on the risk of glioma is inconclusive due to the limited number of studies, the inclusion of all tea types in these studies, and the focus on caffeine rather than EGCG. In vivo experiments using EGCG monotherapy are inconclusive. Nevertheless, EGCG induces cell death, prevents cellular proliferation, and limits invasion in multiple glioma cell lines. Furthermore, EGCG enhances the efficacy of anti-glioma therapies, including irradiation, temozolomide, carmustine, cisplatin, tamoxifen, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, but reduces the effect of bortezomib. Pro-drugs, co-treatment, and encapsulation are being investigated to enhance clinical applicability of EGCG. Mechanisms of actions of EGCG have been partly elucidated. EGCG has both anti-oxidant and oxidant properties. EGCG inhibits pro-survival proteins, such as telomerase, survivin, GRP78, PEA15, and P-gp. EGCG inhibits signaling of PDGFR, IGF-1R, and 67LR. EGCG reduces invasiveness of cancer cells by inhibiting the activities of various metalloproteinases, cytokines, and chemokines. Last, EGCG inhibits some NADPH-producing enzymes, thus disturbing redox status and metabolism of glioma cells. In conclusion, EGCG may be a suitable adjuvant to potentiate anti-glioma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung T Le
- a Department of Medical Biology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Remco J Molenaar
- a Department of Medical Biology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- a Department of Medical Biology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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18
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Shayanfar M, Vahid F, Faghfoori Z, Davoodi SH, Goodarzi R. The Association Between Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and Glioma and Evaluation of Nutrient Intakes of These Patients: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2017; 70:213-220. [PMID: 29236551 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1412469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most common adult brain tumors. Dietary factors may play a role in the etiology of glioma. The Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) provides a general overview for the nutrient content of a food or a diet. This study aimed to investigate the association between INQ and glioma and nutrient intakes. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was included 128 patients and 256 controls. Dietary intakes of the subjects were evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and FFQ-derived dietary data were used to calculate INQ scores. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Cases had higher intake of total fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), meats, hydrogenated oils and controls had higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, calcium, dairy, fruits, and nuts. Only the INQ of vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, and fiber are higher in controls. An inverse association was observed between glioma and INQ of calcium, vitamin E, vitamin C, and fiber. CONCLUSION The results of this study propose a healthy diet such as high intake of vitamins C and E, calcium, fiber, food groups like fruits and vegetables, and low-fat milk and nuts; and low consumption of total fat, SFA, and red meat may be protective against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shayanfar
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Cancer Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- c Food (Salt) Safety Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Cancer Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Goodarzi
- d Imam Hospital of Borujerd, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services , Borujerd , Iran
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19
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Gan RY, Li HB, Sui ZQ, Corke H. Absorption, metabolism, anti-cancer effect and molecular targets of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG): An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1231168 pmid: 27645804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Sui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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20
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Gan RY, Li HB, Sui ZQ, Corke H. Absorption, metabolism, anti-cancer effect and molecular targets of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG): An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:924-941. [PMID: 27645804 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1231168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, especially in Asian countries. Consumption of green tea has been demonstrated to possess many health benefits, which mainly attributed to the main bioactive compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a flavone-3-ol polyphenol, in green tea. EGCG is mainly absorbed in the intestine, and gut microbiota play a critical role in its metabolism prior to absorption. EGCG exhibits versatile bioactivities, with its anti-cancer effect most attracting due to the cancer preventive effect of green tea consumption, and a great number of studies intensively investigated its anti-cancer effect. In this review, we therefore, first stated the absorption and metabolism process of EGCG, and then summarized its anti-cancer effect in vitro and in vivo, including its manifold anti-cancer actions and mechanisms, especially its anti-cancer stem cell effect, and next highlighted its various molecular targets involved in cancer inhibition. Finally, the anti-cancer effect of EGCG analogs and nanoparticles, as well as the potential cancer promoting effect of EGCG were also discussed. Understanding of the absorption, metabolism, anti-cancer effect and molecular targets of EGCG can be of importance to better utilize it as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-You Gan
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- c Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhong-Quan Sui
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Harold Corke
- a Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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21
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Zhang T, Hu H, Tao Z, Niu B, Jiao S, Zhang J, Li Y, Cao B. A novel method for primary neuronal culture and characterization under different high temperature. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:823-8. [PMID: 27130681 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heatstroke is a big threat to human health; however, the characteristic of pathological changes of neurons during heatstroke development remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro model of primary cultured neurons from newborn Wistar rats, we investigated the effects of the different combinations of high temperature (37, 39, 41, 43, 45, and 47°C) and exposure time (45 min and 1 h) on the neurons. We found that, under the treatment of 45 min-heat, the neurons could resist high temperature up to 45°C, and under the treatment of 1 h-heat, the mortality of neurons increased as the temperature rises. After heating for 1 h, only a small minority of the neurons died under 41 and 43°C, which primarily occurred in the form of apoptosis. Up to 45°C for 1 h, most neurons occurred to necrosis. Meaningfully, some necrotic neurons expressed specific fried egg-like morphology. Our findings suggest that different high temperatures and exposure times were two key factors influencing the death of neurons. Under the high temperature (below 43°C for 1 h) similar to heatstroke, it just led a small percentage of neurons to apoptosis, and anti-apoptosis controls for preventing and treating heatstroke are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China.,Department of Neurology, The 303th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, China
| | - Huaiqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Bing Niu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Shusheng Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The 205th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The National Hospital of Guangxi Province, Nanning, China
| | - Bingzhen Cao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China.
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22
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Kapoor V, Aggarwal S, Das SN. 6-Gingerol Mediates its Anti Tumor Activities in Human Oral and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines through Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest. Phytother Res 2016; 30:588-95. [PMID: 26749462 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
6-Gingerol, a potent nutraceutical, has been shown to have antitumor activity in different tumors, although its mechanism of action is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated antitumor activities of 6-gingerol on human oral (SCC4, KB) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines with or without wortmannin, rapamycin, and cisplatin. Tumor cell proliferation was observed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, inner salt assay, cell cycle analysis by propidium iodide labeling and flow cytometry, apoptosis by Annexin-V binding assay, and caspase activity by chemiluminescence assay. 6-Gingerol showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in all three cell lines. Combinations of 6-gingerol with wortmannin and cisplatin showed additive effects, while with rapamycin, it showed 50% cytotoxicity that was equivalent to IC50 of 6-gingerol alone. Treatment with 6-gingerol resulted in G2-phase arrest in KB and HeLa cells and S-phase arrest in SCC4 cells. 6-Gingerol, wortmannin, and rapamycin treatment showed almost two-fold higher expression of caspase 3 in all cell lines. The results imply that 6-gingerol either alone or in combination with PI-3 K inhibitor and cisplatin may provide better therapeutic effects in oral and cervical carcinoma. Thus, 6-gingerol appears to be a safe and potent chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive compound acting through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in human oral and cervical tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sadhna Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Satya N Das
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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23
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Tanaka K, Arita M, Sakurai H, Ono N, Tezuka Y. Analysis of chemical properties of edible and medicinal ginger by metabolomics approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:671058. [PMID: 26495311 PMCID: PMC4606115 DOI: 10.1155/2015/671058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In traditional herbal medicine, comprehensive understanding of bioactive constituent is important in order to analyze its true medicinal function. We investigated the chemical properties of medicinal and edible ginger cultivars using a liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. Our PCA results indicate the importance of acetylated derivatives of gingerol, not gingerol or shogaol, as the medicinal indicator. A newly developed ginger cultivar, Z. officinale cv. Ogawa Umare or "Ogawa Umare" (OG), contains more active ingredients, showing properties as a new resource for the production of herbal medicines derived from ginger in terms of its chemical constituents and rhizome yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Tsurumi 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ono
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
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24
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Amaral RG, Fonseca CS, Silva TKM, Andrade LN, França ME, Barbosa-Filho JM, de Sousa DP, Moraes MO, Pessoa CÓ, Carvalho AA, Thomazzi SM. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and antitumour effects of the essential oil from Mentha x villosa and its main compound, rotundifolone. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1100-6. [PMID: 25787872 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antitumour effects of the essential oil from the leaves of Mentha x villosa (EOMV) and its main component (rotundifolone). METHODS In-vitro cytotoxic activity of the EOMV and rotundifolone was determined on cultured tumour cells. In-vivo antitumour activity of the EOMV was assessed in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. KEY FINDINGS The EOMV displayed cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines, showing IC50 values in the range of 0.57-1.02 μg/ml in the HCT-116 and SF-295 cell lines, respectively. Rotundifolone showed weak cytotoxicity against HCT-116, SF-295 and OVCAR-8 cell lines (IC50 > 25.00 μg/ml). Tumour growth inhibition rates were 29.4-40.5% and 25.0-45.2% for the EOMV treatment by intraperitoneal (50-100 mg/kg/day) and oral (100-200 mg/kg/day) administration, respectively. The EOMV did not significantly affect body mass and macroscopy of the organs. CONCLUSIONS The EOMV possesses significant antitumour activity with low systemic toxicity, possibly due to the synergistic action of its minor constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G Amaral
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Cecília S Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana N Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Maria E França
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José M Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Damião P de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Manoel O Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ó Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adriana A Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sara Maria Thomazzi
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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25
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Impheng H, Richert L, Pekthong D, Scholfield CN, Pongcharoen S, Pungpetchara I, Srisawang P. [6]-Gingerol inhibits de novo fatty acid synthesis and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity which triggers apoptosis in HepG2. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1319-1336. [PMID: 26101700 PMCID: PMC4473313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The de novo fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by key lipogenic enzymes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN) has emerged as one of the novel targets of anti-cancer approaches. The present study explored the possible inhibitory efficacy of [6]-gingerol on de novo fatty acid synthesis associated with mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic induction in HepG2 cells. We observed a dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential accompanied by a reduction of fatty acid levels. [6]-gingerol administration manifested inhibition of FASN expression, indicating FASN is a major target of [6]-gingerol inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Indeed, we found that increased ROS generation could likely be a mediator of the anti-cancer effect of [6]-gingerol. A reduction of fatty acid levels and induction of apoptosis were restored by inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, suggesting an accumulation of malonyl-CoA level could be the major cause of apoptotic induction of [6]-gingerol in HepG2 cells. The present study also showed that depletion of fatty acid following [6]-gingerol treatment caused an inhibitory effect on carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 activity (CPT-1), whereas C75 augmented CPT-1 activity, indicating that [6]-gingerol exhibits the therapeutic benefit on suppression of fatty acid β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichanok Impheng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Lysiane Richert
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Franche-ComtéBesançon, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 6500
| | - C Norman Scholfield
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Ittipon Pungpetchara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand 65000
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