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Krepuska M, Mayer B, Vitale-Cross L, Myneni VD, Boyajian MK, Németh K, Szalayova I, Cho T, McClain-Caldwell I, Gingerich AD, Han H, Westerman M, Rada B, Mezey É. Bone marrow stromal cell-derived hepcidin has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3986. [PMID: 38368463 PMCID: PMC10874407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have immunomodulatory activities in numerous species and have been used in clinical trials. BMSCs also make antibacterial agents. Since hepcidin is known to have antimicrobial effects in fish, we wondered if it might also be used as an antimicrobial agent by mammalian BMSCs. In the present study, we show hepcidin expression in both mouse (mBMSC) and human BMSCs (hBMSC). We observed a hBMSC hepcidin-dependent degradation of ferroportin in HEK-293 reporter cells in vitro. In human and mouse bone marrows (BM) we detected hepcidin-positive BMSCs in close proximity to hematopoietic progenitors. The conditioned culture medium of hBMSCs significantly reduced bacterial proliferation that was partially blocked by a hepcidin-neutralizing antibody. Similarly, medium in which hepcidin-deficient (Hamp-/-) mouse BMSCs had been grown was significantly less effective in reducing bacterial counts than the medium of wild-type cells. In a zymosan-induced peritonitis mouse model we found that mBMSC-derived hepcidin reduced the number of invading polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in the peritoneal cavity. Our results show that BMSC-derived hepcidin has antimicrobial properties in vitro and also reduces inflammation in vivo. We conclude that hepcidin should be added to the expanding arsenal of agents available to BMSCs to fight infections and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Krepuska
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Balázs Mayer
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vamsee D Myneni
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Krisztián Németh
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ted Cho
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Aaron D Gingerich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Éva Mezey
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Vizi Z, Hotchkiss D, Lányi K, Sterczer Á. Quantitative demonstration of the existence of two isoforms of canine hepcidin in the serum & urine of dogs. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104949. [PMID: 37442013 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin-25 is the key peptide hormone controlling vertebrate iron metabolism. However, in the last twenty years there was some disagreement in the literature over the structure of this compound. The aim of this research was to study whether more than one isoform of canine hepcidin-25 exists. For the purpose of comparison serum concentrations of hepcidin-25 were determined in the samples of 47 dogs sick with acute/chronic inflammation too. The study demonstrated that two isoforms of canine hepcidin-25 exist. A statistical correlation may indicate that both molecules are synthesised by dogs together. No statistically significant correlations were found between the measured concentrations of the two canine hepcidin-25 isoforms and the measured serum iron parameters in the sampled dogs, irrespective of the measurements were made in serum or urine. The mean urinary total hepcidin-25/creatinine ratio in healthy dogs was 1.08 ± 0.10. The mean serum total hepcidin-25 concentration was 79.8 ± 4.9 ng/ml, about 65% of which was the 25β version. The presence of inflammation results in a statistically significant increase in the serum concentration of both hepcidin varieties. The role and fate of the two molecules may need to be researched further to provide better understanding of their relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Vizi
- Department & Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
| | - D Hotchkiss
- Department & Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
| | - K Lányi
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078 Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary.
| | - Á Sterczer
- Department & Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-1078, Budapest, István utca 2, Hungary
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3
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Chadha S. Combating fungal phytopathogens with human salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 through a multi-target mechanism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:215. [PMID: 37269390 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major contributor to decreased crop yield and rice production globally. The use of chemical fungicides to combat crop pathogens is not only unsafe but also promotes the emergence of pathogenic variants, leading to recurrent host infections. To address plant diseases, antimicrobial peptides have emerged as a promising alternative as they are effective, safe, and biodegradable antifungal agents. This study examines the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of the human salivary peptide histatin 5 (Hst5) on M. oryzae. Hst5 causes morphogenetic defects in the fungus, including non-uniform chitin distribution on the fungal cell wall and septa, deformed hyphal branching, and cell lysis. Importantly, a pore-forming mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae was ruled out. Furthermore, the interaction of Hst5 with the M. oryzae genomic DNA suggests that the peptide may also influence gene expression in the blast fungus. In addition to its effects on morphogenetic defects and cell lysis, Hst5 also inhibits conidial germination, appressorium formation, and the appearance of blast lesions on rice leaves. The elucidated multi-target antifungal mechanism of Hst5 in M. oryzae provides an environmentally friendly alternative to combating blast infections in rice by preventing fungal pathogenicity. The promising antifungal characteristics of the AMP peptide may also be explored for other crop pathogens, making it a potential biofungicide for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chadha
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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4
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Azemin WA, Alias N, Ali AM, Shamsir MS. In silico analysis prediction of HepTH1-5 as a potential therapeutic agent by targeting tumour suppressor protein networks. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1141-1167. [PMID: 34935583 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2017349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many studies reported that the activation of tumour suppressor protein, p53 induced the human hepcidin expression. However, its expression decreased when p53 was silenced in human hepatoma cells. Contrary to Tilapia hepcidin TH1-5, HepTH1-5 was previously reported to trigger the p53 activation through the molecular docking approach. The INhibitor of Growth (ING) family members are also shown to directly interact with p53 and promote cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis and participate in DNA replication and DNA damage responses to suppress the tumour initiation and progression. However, the interrelation between INGs and HepTH1-5 remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to identify the mechanism and their protein interactions using in silico approaches. The finding revealed that HepTH1-5 and its ligands had interacted mostly on hotspot residues of ING proteins which involved in histone modifications via acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation. This proves that HepTH1-5 might implicate in an apoptosis signalling pathway and preserve the protein structure and function of INGs by reducing the perturbation of histone binding upon oxidative stress response. This study would provide theoretical guidance for the design and experimental studies to decipher the role of HepTH1-5 as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer therapy. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Atirah Azemin
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Malaysia.,Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG), Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Nadiawati Alias
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir
- Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG), Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Muar, Malaysia
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5
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Azemin WA, Alias N, Ali AM, Shamsir MS. Structural and functional characterisation of HepTH1-5 peptide as a potential hepcidin replacement. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:681-704. [PMID: 34870559 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2011415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a principal regulator of iron homeostasis and its dysregulation has been recognised as a causative factor in cancers and iron disorders. The strategy of manipulating the presence of hepcidin peptide has been used for cancer treatment. However, this has demonstrated poor efficiency and has been short-lived in patients. Many studies reported using minihepcidin therapy as an alternative way to treat hepcidin dysregulation, but this was only applied to non-cancer patients. Highly conserved fish hepcidin protein, HepTH1-5, was investigated to determine its potential use in developing a hepcidin replacement for human hepcidin (Hepc25) and as a therapeutic agent by targeting the tumour suppressor protein, p53, through structure-function analysis. The authors found that HepTH1-5 is stably bound to ferroportin, compared to Hepc25, by triggering the ferroportin internalisation via Lys42 and Lys270 ubiquitination, in a similar manner to the Hepc25 activity. Moreover, the residues Ile24 and Gly24, along with copper and zinc ligands, interacted with similar residues, Lys24 and Asp1 of Hepc25, respectively, showing that those molecules are crucial to the hepcidin replacement strategy. HepTH1-5 interacts with p53 and activates its function through phosphorylation. This finding shows that HepTH1-5 might be involved in the apoptosis signalling pathway upon a DNA damage response. This study will be very helpful for understanding the mechanism of the hepcidin replacement and providing insights into the HepTH1-5 peptide as a new target for hepcidin and cancer therapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Atirah Azemin
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG), Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiawati Alias
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG), Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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6
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In Silico Prediction of Anti-Infective and Cell-Penetrating Peptides from Thalassophryne nattereri Natterin Toxins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091141. [PMID: 36145362 PMCID: PMC9501638 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of venom-derived peptides, such as bioactive peptides (BAPs), is determined by specificity, stability, and pharmacokinetics properties. BAPs, including anti-infective or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), share several physicochemical characteristics and are potential alternatives to antibiotic-based therapies and drug delivery systems, respectively. This study used in silico methods to predict AMPs and CPPs derived from natterins from the venomous fish Thalassophryne nattereri. Fifty-seven BAPs (19 AMPs, 8 CPPs, and 30 AMPs/CPPs) were identified using the web servers CAMP, AMPA, AmpGram, C2Pred, and CellPPD. The physicochemical properties were analyzed using ProtParam, PepCalc, and DispHred tools. The membrane-binding potential and cellular location of each peptide were analyzed using the Boman index by APD3, and TMHMM web servers. All CPPs and two AMPs showed high membrane-binding potential. Fifty-four peptides were located in the plasma membrane. Peptide immunogenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and ADMET parameters were evaluated using several web servers. Sixteen antiviral peptides and 37 anticancer peptides were predicted using the web servers Meta-iAVP and ACPred. Secondary structures and helical wheel projections were predicted using the PEP-FOLD3 and Heliquest web servers. Fifteen peptides are potential lead compounds and were selected to be further synthesized and tested experimentally in vitro to validate the in silico screening. The use of computer-aided design for predicting peptide structure and activity is fast and cost-effective and facilitates the design of potent therapeutic peptides. The results demonstrate that toxins form a natural biotechnological platform in drug discovery, and the presence of CPP and AMP sequences in toxin families opens new possibilities in toxin biochemistry research.
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7
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Barzan G, Kokalari I, Gariglio G, Ghibaudi E, Devocelle M, Monopoli MP, Sacco A, Greco A, Giovannozzi AM, Rossi AM, Fenoglio I. Molecular Aspects of the Interaction with Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria of Hydrothermal Carbon Nanoparticles Associated with Bac8c 2,5Leu Antimicrobial Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16402-16413. [PMID: 35601297 PMCID: PMC9118266 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely studied as therapeutic agents due to their broad-spectrum efficacy against infections. However, their clinical use is hampered by the low in vivo bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Such limitations might be overcome by using appropriate drug delivery systems. Here, the preparation of a drug delivery system (DDS) by physical conjugation of an arginine-rich peptide and hydrothermal carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) has been explored, and its antimicrobial efficacy against Eschericia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus investigated in comparison with the unloaded carrier and the free peptide. The mechanism of interaction between CNPs and the bacteria was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and a combined dielectrophoresis-Raman spectroscopy method for real-time analysis. In view of a possible systemic administration, the effect of proteins on the stability of the DDS was investigated by using albumin as a model protein. The peptide was bounded electrostatically to the CNPs surface, establishing an equilibrium modulated by pH and albumin. The DDS exhibited antimicrobial activity toward the two bacterial strains, albeit lower as compared to the free peptide. The decrease in effectiveness toward E. coli was likely due to the rapid formation of a particle-induced extracellular matrix. The present results are relevant for the future development of hydrothermal CNPs as drug delivery agents of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Barzan
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- Department
of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gariglio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Ghibaudi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marc Devocelle
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marco P. Monopoli
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alessio Sacco
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Greco
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- Department
of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea M. Rossi
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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8
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Designing Anti-Microbial Peptides Against Major β-Lactamase Enzymes in Clinically Important Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens: An In-Silico Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:263-276. [PMID: 35188617 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) creating healthcare concerns worldwide requires ardent exploration of therapeutic alternatives. Although anti-microbial peptides (AMP) are popular for broad-spectrum activity, recent evidence of increasing resistance to membrane-acting AMPs by ESKAPE pathogens has compelled us to design novel AMPs as therapeutic candidates. A library of 60 AMPs comprising natural AMPs and their mutants was constructed through in-silico methods. After physico-chemical property evaluations, each peptide in the library was subjected to flexible molecular docking against four major β-lactamases in Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens. Among the potent AMP mutants, a Lactoferricin B-Mutant (M4) possessed uniformly high affinity with SHV1, OXA48, NDM1, and AmpC having energies -842.0Kcal/mol, -774.8Kcal/mol, -1103.3Kcal/mol, and -858.8Kcal/mol respectively. Coarse-grained clustering and flexibility analysis further accounted for the residue-level stable configurations of the protein-peptide complexes with high affinity. Highest affinity of Lactoferricin B_M4 was found with NDM1 due to H-bonds, salt-bridges, and hydrophobic interactions with the metallo-β-lactamase domain including crucial active-site residue Asp124. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed the stability of Lactoferricin B_M4-NDM1 complex having low residue-level root-mean square deviations (RMSD), atomic-level fluctuations, and radius of gyration (Rg). The study encourages experimental validations and similar methods to identify potential AMPs against drug-resistant pathogens.
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9
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Keshavarz Alikhani H, Shokoohian B, Rezasoltani S, Hossein-Khannazer N, Yadegar A, Hassan M, Vosough M. Application of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Innovative Theranostics in Microbial Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:785856. [PMID: 34917064 PMCID: PMC8669997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nano-/micro-scale vehicles, are membranous particles containing various cargoes including peptides, proteins, different types of RNAs and other nucleic acids, and lipids. These vesicles are produced by all cell types, in which stem cells are a potent source for them. Stem cell-derived EVs could be promising platforms for treatment of infectious diseases and early diagnosis. Infectious diseases are responsible for more than 11 million deaths annually. Highly transmissible nature of some microbes, such as newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), drives researcher's interest to set up different strategies to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, EVs-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been launched and gaining momentum very fast. The efficiency of stem cell-derived EVs on treatment of clinical complications of different viruses and bacteria, such as SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli has been demonstrated. On the other hand, microbial pathogens are able to incorporate their components into their EVs. The microbe-derived EVs have different physiological and pathological impacts on the other organisms. In this review, we briefly discussed biogenesis and the fate of EVs. Then, EV-based therapy was described and recent developments in understanding the potential application of stem cell-derived EVs on pathogenic microorganisms were recapitulated. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which EVs were exploited to fight against infectious diseases were highlighted. Finally, the deriver challenges in translation of stem cell-derived EVs into the clinical arena were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Shokoohian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Rezasoltani
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Taggar R, Singh S, Bhalla V, Bhattacharyya MS, Sahoo DK. Deciphering the Antibacterial Role of Peptide From Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii Ba49 Against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708712. [PMID: 34489898 PMCID: PMC8417246 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in antibiotic resistance has led to escalating the need for the development of alternate therapy. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are at the forefront of replacing conventional antibiotics, showing slower development of drug resistance, antibiofilm activity, and the ability to modulate the host immune response. The ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens that jeopardize most conventional antibiotics are known to be involved in severe respiratory tract, bloodstream, urinary tract, soft tissue, and skin infections. Among them, S. aureus is an insidious microbe and developed resistance against conventional antibiotics. In the present study, an AMP (named as peptide-Ba49) isolated from Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii strain from Allium cepa (the common onion) exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus ATCC 25923. The mode of action of this peptide-Ba49 on S. aureus was deciphered through various sensitive probes, i.e., DiSC3 (5) and H2DCFDA, suggesting the peptide-Ba49 to be acting upon through change in membrane potential and by triggering the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This induced disruption of the cell membrane was further supported by morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Investigations on a possible post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of peptide-Ba49 showed prolonged PAE against S. aureus. Furthermore, the peptide-Ba49 prevented the formation of S. aureus biofilm at low concentration and showed its potential to degrade the mature biofilm of S. aureus. The peptide-Ba49 also exhibited intracellular killing potential against S. aureus ATCC 25923 in the macrophage cells, and moreover, peptide-Ba49 was found to bolster the fibroblast cell migration in the scratch assay at low concentration, exhibiting a wound healing efficacy of this peptide. These studies demonstrated that peptide-Ba49 isolated from the strain B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii could be a therapeutic candidate to combat the pathogenic S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramita Taggar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanpreet Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijayender Bhalla
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Debendra K Sahoo
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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11
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Protein-Engineered Polymers Functionalized with Antimicrobial Peptides for the Development of Active Surfaces. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is a major worldwide threat due to the increasing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria with medical devices being a major source of these infections. This suggests the need for new antimicrobial biomaterial designs able to withstand the increasing pressure of antimicrobial resistance. Recombinant protein polymers (rPPs) are an emerging class of nature-inspired biopolymers with unique chemical, physical and biological properties. These polymers can be functionalized with antimicrobial molecules utilizing recombinant DNA technology and then produced in microbial cell factories. In this work, we report the functionalization of rPBPs based on elastin and silk-elastin with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These polymers were produced in Escherichia coli, successfully purified by employing non-chromatographic processes, and used for the production of free-standing films. The antimicrobial activity of the materials was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and results showed that the polymers demonstrated antimicrobial activity, pointing out the potential of these biopolymers for the development of new advanced antimicrobial materials.
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12
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Zhong K, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Li H, Huang J, Guo W, Zheng X, Guo G, Zhou L, Yang H, Tong A. AP-64, Encoded by C5orf46, Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040485. [PMID: 33804835 PMCID: PMC8063792 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are evolutionarily conserved components of the innate immune response, contribute to the first line of defense against microbes in the skin and at mucosal surfaces. Here, we report the identification of a human peptide, encoded by the chromosome 5 open reading frame 46 (C5orf46) gene, as a type of AMP, which we termed antimicrobial peptide with 64 amino acid residues (AP-64). AP-64 is an anionic amphiphilic peptide lacking cysteines (MW = 7.2, PI = 4.54). AP-64 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli DH5α, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, AP-64 was efficient in combating Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in a mouse model and exhibited cytotoxic effects against human T-cell lymphoma Jurkat and B-cell lymphoma Raji cells. We also observed that Gm94, encoded by mouse C5orf46 homologous gene, closely resembles AP-64 in its antibacterial properties. Compared with other human AMPs, AP-64 has distinct characteristics, including a longer sequence length, absence of cysteine residues, a highly anionic character, and cell toxicity. Together, this study identified that AP-64 is an AMP worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Shasha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Hexian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wenhao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Xi Zheng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (A.T.); Tel.: +86-28-85502796 (H.Y. & A.T.)
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (K.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (A.T.); Tel.: +86-28-85502796 (H.Y. & A.T.)
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13
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Therapeutic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides in Polymicrobial Biofilm-Associated Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020482. [PMID: 33418930 PMCID: PMC7825036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that many chronic infections of the human body have a polymicrobial etiology. These include diabetic foot ulcer infections, lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients, periodontitis, otitis, urinary tract infections and even a proportion of systemic infections. The treatment of mixed infections poses serious challenges in the clinic. First, polymicrobial communities of microorganisms often organize themselves as biofilms that are notoriously recalcitrant to antimicrobial therapy and clearance by the host immune system. Secondly, a plethora of interactions among community members may affect the expression of virulence factors and the susceptibility to antimicrobials of individual species in the community. Therefore, new strategies able to target multiple pathogens in mixed populations need to be urgently developed and evaluated. In this regard, antimicrobial or host defense peptides (AMPs) deserve particular attention as they are endowed with many favorable features that may serve to this end. The aim of the present review is to offer a comprehensive and updated overview of studies addressing the therapeutic potential of AMPs in mixed infections, highlighting the opportunities offered by this class of antimicrobials in the fight against polymicrobial infections, but also the limits that may arise in their use for this type of application.
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Serum amyloid A is a positive acute phase protein in Russian sturgeon challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22162. [PMID: 33335147 PMCID: PMC7746741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of sturgeons, one of the most ancient and economically valuable fish worldwide, is poorly understood. The lack of molecular tools and data about infection biomarkers hinders the possibility to monitor sturgeon health during farming and detect infection outbreaks. To tackle this issue, we mined publicly available transcriptomic datasets and identified putative positive acute-phase proteins (APPs) of Russian sturgeons that could be induced by a bacterial infection and monitored using non-invasive methods. Teleost literature compelled us to focus on five promising candidates: hepcidin, a warm acclimation associated hemopexin, intelectin, serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and serotransferrin. Among them, SAA was the most upregulated protein at the mRNA level in the liver of sturgeons challenged with heat-inactivated or live Aeromonas hydrophila. To assess whether this upregulation yielded increasing SAA levels in circulation, we developed an in-house ELISA to quantify SAA levels in sturgeon serum. Circulating SAA rose upon bacterial challenge and positively correlated with hepatic saa expression. This is the first time serum SAA has been quantified in an Actinopterygii fish. Since APPs vary across different fish species, our work sheds light on sturgeon acute-phase response, revealing that SAA is a positive APP with potential value as infection biomarker.
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15
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Mercer DK, O'Neil DA. Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2177. [PMID: 33072081 PMCID: PMC7533533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe antifungal therapeutic candidates in preclinical and clinical development derived from, or directly influenced by, the immune system, with a specific focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Although the focus of this review is AMP with direct antimicrobial effects on fungi, we will also discuss compounds with direct antifungal activity, including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), as well as immunomodulatory molecules that can enhance the immune response to fungal infection, including immunomodulatory AMP, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, interferon and colony stimulating factors as well as immune cell therapies. The focus of this manuscript will be a non-exhaustive review of antifungal compounds in preclinical and clinical development that are based on the principles of immunology and the authors acknowledge the incredible amount of in vitro and in vivo work that has been conducted to develop such therapeutic candidates.
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16
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Liu B, Liu GD, Guo HY, Zhu KC, Guo L, Zhang N, Liu BS, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Characterization and functional analysis of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) from golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:419-430. [PMID: 32562868 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) is an important component of the innate immune defense system and plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, LEAP-2 from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) was characterized and its expression in response to Photobacterium damselae was investigated. The full-length LEAP-2 cDNA was 1758 bp, which comprised a 5'-UTR of 250 bp, an ORF of 321 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 1187 bp, encoding 106 amino acids. LEAP-2 consisted of a conserved saposin B domain and four conserved cysteines that formed two pairs of disulphide bonds. The genomic organization of LEAP-2 was also determined and shown to consisted of three introns and two exons. The predicted promoter region of ToLEAP-2 contained several putative transcription factor binding sites. Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that LEAP-2 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with higher mRNA levels observed in the muscle, liver, spleen, and kidney. After P. damselae stimulation, the expression level of LEAP-2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in various tissues of golden pompano. In addition, SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular mass of recombinant LEAP-2 expressed in pET-32a was approximately 23 kDa. The purified recombinant protein showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Luciferase reporters were constructed for five deletion fragments of different lengths from the promoter region (-1575 bp to +251 bp), and the results showed that L3 (-659 bp to +251 bp) presented the highest activity, and it was therefore defined as the core region of the LEAP-2 promoter. The seven predicted transcription factor binding sites were deleted by using PCR technology, and the results showed that the mutation of the USF transcription factor binding site caused the activity to significantly decrease. The results indicate that golden pompano LEAP-2 potentially exhibits antimicrobial effects in fish innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
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17
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Elastins-Based Antimicrobial Particles for Delivery of Bioactive Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32152969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0319-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In the development of drug delivery systems, researchers pursue multifunctionality to target more complex problems, while maintaining biocompatibility and high encapsulation efficiency. Herein, we describe the preparation of noncytotoxic particles with intrinsic antimicrobial properties able to entrap bioactive compounds. The particles are composed of a recombinantly produced elastin-like recombinamer functionalized with an antimicrobial peptide, and are spontaneously formed in mild conditions by exploiting the thermoresponsiveness of the elastin-like portion. This chapter provides advice and methods for the preparation of the self-assembled antimicrobial particles, the evaluation of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity, and the basis to set up the methodology for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds.
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18
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Cardoso MH, Orozco RQ, Rezende SB, Rodrigues G, Oshiro KGN, Cândido ES, Franco OL. Computer-Aided Design of Antimicrobial Peptides: Are We Generating Effective Drug Candidates? Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3097. [PMID: 32038544 PMCID: PMC6987251 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially antibacterial peptides, have been widely investigated as potential alternatives to antibiotic-based therapies. Indeed, naturally occurring and synthetic AMPs have shown promising results against a series of clinically relevant bacteria. Even so, this class of antimicrobials has continuously failed clinical trials at some point, highlighting the importance of AMP optimization. In this context, the computer-aided design of AMPs has put together crucial information on chemical parameters and bioactivities in AMP sequences, thus providing modes of prediction to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a candidate sequence before synthesis. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) computational models, for instance, have greatly contributed to AMP sequence optimization aimed at improved biological activities. In addition to machine-learning methods, the de novo design, linguistic model, pattern insertion methods, and genetic algorithms, have shown the potential to boost the automated design of AMPs. However, how successful have these approaches been in generating effective antibacterial drug candidates? Bearing this in mind, this review will focus on the main computational strategies that have generated AMPs with promising activities against pathogenic bacteria, as well as anti-infective potential in different animal models, including sepsis and cutaneous infections. Moreover, we will point out recent studies on the computer-aided design of antibiofilm peptides. As expected from automated design strategies, diverse candidate sequences with different structural arrangements have been generated and deposited in databases. We will, therefore, also discuss the structural diversity that has been engendered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon H Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Raquel Q Orozco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia/Genética e Biotecnologia), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Samilla B Rezende
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gisele Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Karen G N Oshiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elizabete S Cândido
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia/Genética e Biotecnologia), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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19
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McCarthy SD, Horgan E, Ali A, Masterson C, Laffey JG, MacLoughlin R, O'Toole D. Nebulized Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Conditioned Medium Retains Antibacterial Properties Against Clinical Pathogen Isolates. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 33:140-152. [PMID: 31730399 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2019.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated promise in pathogenic acute respiratory distress syndrome models and are advancing to clinical efficacy testing. Besides immunomodulatory effects, MSC derived conditioned medium (CM) has direct antibacterial effects, possibly through LL-37 and related secreted peptide activity. We investigated MSC-CM compatibility with vibrating mesh technology, allowing direct delivery to the infected lung. Methods: MSC-CM from bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord (UC) MSCs were passed through the commercially available Aerogen Solo nebulizer. Known colony forming units of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were added to MSC-CM in an orbital shaker and antibacterial capacity assessed through OD600 spectrophotometry. To exclude the possible effects of medium depletion on bacteria proliferation, MSC-CM was concentrated with a 3000 Da cutoff filter, diluted with fresh media, and retested against inoculum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and IL-8 present at pre- and postnebulization. Results: Both BM and UC MSC-CM inhibited proliferation of all pathogens, and this ability was retained after nebulization. Concentrating and reconstituting CM did not affect antibacterial properties. Interestingly, LL-37 protein did not appear to survive nebulization, although other secreted AMPs and an unrelated protein, IL-8, were largely intact. Conclusion: MSC-CM is a potent antimicrobial agent and is compatible with vibrating mesh nebulization delivery. The mechanism is through a secreted factor that is over 3000 Da in size, although it does not appear to rely solely on previously identified peptides such as LL-37, hepcidin, or lipocalin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Horgan
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Areeba Ali
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Masterson
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Aerogen Ltd., Dangan, Galway.,School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel O'Toole
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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20
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Qian ZM, Ke Y. Hepcidin and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:633-653. [PMID: 31471929 DOI: 10.1002/med.21631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally high brain iron, resulting from the disrupted expression or function of proteins involved in iron metabolism in the brain, is an initial cause of neuronal death in neuroferritinopathy and aceruloplasminemia, and also plays a causative role in at least some of the other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Friedreich's ataxia. As such, iron is believed to be a novel target for pharmacological intervention in these disorders. Reducing iron toward normal levels or hampering the increases in iron associated with age in the brain is a promising therapeutic strategy for all iron-related neurodegenerative disorders. Hepcidin is a crucial regulator of iron homeostasis in the brain. Recent studies have suggested that upregulating brain hepcidin levels can significantly reduce brain iron content through the regulation of iron transport protein expression in the blood-brain barrier and in neurons and astrocytes. In this review, we focus on the discussion of the therapeutic potential of hepcidin in iron-associated neurodegenerative diseases and also provide a systematic overview of recent research progress on how misregulated brain iron metabolism is involved in the development of multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational & Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative effect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Res 2019; 50:25. [PMID: 30975214 PMCID: PMC6460550 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated pathogen from clinical bovine mastitis samples and a difficult pathogen to combat. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent progenitor cells equipped with a variety of factors that inhibit bacterial growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial potential against S. aureus of conditioned medium (CM) from MSC derived from fetal bovine bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue (AT-MSC). BM-MSC, AT-MSC and fetal fibroblasts (FB) cultures were activated by infection with S. aureus. Bacterial growth was evaluated in presence of CM, concentrated CM (CCM), activated CM (ACM) and concentrated ACM (CACM) from BM-MSC, AT-MSC and FB. Gene expression of β-defensin 4A (bBD-4A), NK-lysine 1 (NK1), cathelicidin 2 (CATHL2), hepcidin (HEP) and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) and protein expression of bBD-4A were determined in activated and non-activated cells. The majority of BM-MSC and AT-MSC expressed CD73, Oct4 and Nanog, and were negative for CD34. Growth of S. aureus decreased when it was exposed to CM from BM-MSC, AT-MSC and FB. Moreover, growth of S. aureus in CCM, ACM and CACM was lower compared to controls of CM from BM-MSC and AT-MSC. Activated AT-MSC increased mRNA levels of bBD4A and NK1, and protein levels of bBD4A in CM. Thus, CM from fetal bovine BM-MSC and AT-MSC has the capacity to reduce in average ~30% of S. aureus relative growth under in vitro conditions. The in vitro antibacterial effect of fetal bovine MSC may be mediated by bBD4A and NK1 activity.
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22
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Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of 7S and 11S Globulins Isolated from Cowpea Seed Protein. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061082. [PMID: 30893826 PMCID: PMC6471422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work was carried out to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of 7S and 11S globulins isolated from cowpea seed (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). The molecular mass of 7S globulin was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE bands to be of about 132, 129 and 95 kDa corresponding the α/, α and β subunits. The molecular mass of 11S globulin was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE bands to be existed between 28 and 52 kDa corresponding the basic and acidic subunits. The minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs of 7S and 11S globulins isolated from cowpea seed were determined against Gram positive bacteria viz: Listeria monocytogenes LMG 10470, Listeria ivanovii FLB 12, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, and Gram negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 43816, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 26853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella ATCC 14028 using disc diffusion assay; they were showed to be in the range 10 to 200 µg/mL. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination of the protein-treated bacteria showed the antibacterial action of 11S globulin against S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa was manifested by signs of cellular deformation, partial and complete lysis of cell components. Adding 11S globulin at both concentrations 50 and 100 µg/g to minced meat showed considerable decreases in bacterial counts of viable bacteria, psychrotrophs and coliforms compared to controls during 15 days storage at 4 °C, reflecting a promising perspective to use such globulin as a meat bio-preservative.
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Abstract
Hepcidin, belonging to the β-defensin family, was isolated for the first time from plasma and human urine. It is a cationic peptide, rich in cysteine bound with four disulfide bridges, which plays a major role in innate immunity and iron homeostasis. Some vertebrate species have multiple hepcidin homolog genes and each contains only one copy that functions as an iron regulator except hepcidin sequences in the pigeon (Columba livia). The aim of this chapter is to investigate the molecular evolution of several hepcidin gene from searches of the literature and public genomic databases from 17 different species, all among the vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Boumaiza
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (I.N.S.A.T.), Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Sondes Abidi
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisie
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24
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Chen J, Nie L, Chen J. Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) Hepcidin-1 and Hepcidin-2 Present Different Gene Expression Profile and Antibacterial Activity and Possess Distinct Protective Effect against Edwardsiella tarda Infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:176-185. [PMID: 29151250 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidins are small cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in fish immunity against pathogens. Most fish species have two or more hepcidin homologs that have distinct functions. This study investigated the immune functions of mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) hepcidin-1 (BpHep-1) and hepcidin-2 (BpHep-2) in vitro and in vivo. Upon infection with Edwardsiella tarda, the expression of BpHep-1 and BpHep-2 mRNA in immune tissues was significantly upregulated, but the expression profiles were different. Chemically synthesized BpHep-1 and BpHep-2 mature peptides exhibited selective antibacterial activity against various bacterial species, and BpHep-2 exhibited a stronger antibacterial activity and broader spectrum than BpHep-1. BpHep-1 and BpHep-2 both inhibited the growth of E. tarda in vitro, with the latter being more effective than the former. In addition, both peptides induced hydrolysis of purified bacterial genomic DNA (gDNA) or gDNA in live bacteria. In vivo, an intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 μg/g BpHep-2 significantly improved the survival rate of mudskippers against E. tarda infection compared with 0.1 μg/g BpHep-2 or 0.1 and 1.0 μg/g BpHep-1. Similarly, only BpHep-2 treatment effectively reduced the tissue bacterial load in E. tarda-infected mudskippers. Furthermore, treatment with 1.0 or 10.0 μg/ml BpHep-2 promoted the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of mudskipper monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ). However, only the highest dose (10.0 μg/ml) of BpHep-1 enhanced phagocytosis, and BpHep-1 exerted no obvious effects on bactericidal activity. In conclusion, BpHep-2 is a stronger bactericide than BpHep-1 in mudskippers, and acts not only by directly killing bacteria but also through an immunomodulatory function on MO/MФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Li Nie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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25
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Rasoolzadeh R, Mehrnejad F, Taghdir M, Yaghmaei P. Effects of single-walled carbon nanotube on the conformation of human hepcidin: molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2125-2132. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1477624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rasoolzadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Mehrnejad
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Taghdir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Alencar-Silva T, Braga MC, Santana GOS, Saldanha-Araujo F, Pogue R, Dias SC, Franco OL, Carvalho JL. Breaking the frontiers of cosmetology with antimicrobial peptides. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2019-2031. [PMID: 30118811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are mostly endogenous, cationic, amphipathic polypeptides, produced by many natural sources. Recently, many biological functions beyond antimicrobial activity have been attributed to AMPs, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetics industry. AMPs have revealed antioxidant, self-renewal and pro-collagen effects, which are desirable in anti-aging cosmetics. Additionally, AMPs may also be customized to act on specific cellular targets. Here, we review the recent literature that highlights the many possibilities presented by AMPs, focusing on the relevance and impact that this potentially novel class of active cosmetic ingredients might have in the near future, creating new market outlooks for the cosmetic industry with these molecules as a viable alternative to conventional cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carolina Braga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oliveira Silva Santana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Robert Pogue
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília/DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Abstract
A growing body of research suggests bacterial metabolism and membrane bioenergetics affect the lethality of a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Electrochemical gradients spanning energy-transducing membranes are the foundation of the chemiosmotic hypothesis and are essential for life; accordingly, their dysfunction appears to be a critical factor in bacterial death. Proton flux across energy-transducing membranes is central for cellular homeostasis as vectorial proton translocation generates a proton motive force used for ATP synthesis, pH homeostasis, and maintenance of solute gradients. Our recent investigations indicate that maintenance of pH homeostasis is a critical factor in antibiotic killing and suggest an imbalance in proton flux initiates disruptions in chemiosmotic gradients that lead to cell death. The complex and interconnected relationships between electron transport systems, central carbon metabolism, oxidative stress generation, pH homeostasis, and electrochemical gradients provide challenging obstacles to deciphering the roles for each of these processes in antibiotic lethality. In this chapter, we will present evidence for the pH homeostasis hypothesis of antibiotic lethality that bactericidal activity flows from disruption of cellular energetics and loss of chemiosmotic homeostasis. A holistic understanding of the interconnection of energetic processes and antibiotic activity may direct future research toward the development of more effective therapeutic interventions.
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28
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Zapotoczna M, Forde É, Hogan S, Humphreys H, O'Gara JP, Fitzgerald-Hughes D, Devocelle M, O'Neill E. Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infections Using Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:975-983. [PMID: 28453851 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an effective antibiofilm treatment when applied as catheter lock solutions (CLSs) against S. aureus biofilm infections. The activity of synthetic AMPs (Bac8c, HB43, P18, Omiganan, WMR, Ranalexin, and Polyphemusin) was measured against early and mature biofilms produced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates from patients with device-related infections grown under in vivo-relevant biofilm conditions. The cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of the AMPs against human cells and their immunomodulatory potential in human blood were also characterized. The D-Bac8c2,5Leu variant emerged as the most effective AMP during in vitro studies and was also highly effective in eradicating S. aureus biofilm infection when used in a CLS rat central venous catheter infection model. These data support the potential use of D-Bac8c2,5Leu, alone or in combination with other AMPs, in the treatment of S. aureus intravenous catheter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zapotoczna
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre at Beaumont Hospital, Ireland
| | - Éanna Forde
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre at Beaumont Hospital, Ireland.,Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Hogan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre at Beaumont Hospital, Ireland
| | - Hilary Humphreys
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre at Beaumont Hospital, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James P O'Gara
- Department of Microbiology, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marc Devocelle
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland
| | - Eoghan O'Neill
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Centre at Beaumont Hospital, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Alcayaga-Miranda F, Cuenca J, Khoury M. Antimicrobial Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Status and New Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptide-Based Therapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:339. [PMID: 28424688 PMCID: PMC5371613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy appears to be promising, there are concerns regarding possible side effects related to the unwanted suppression of antimicrobial immunity leading to an increased risk of infection. Conversely, recent data show that MSCs exert strong antimicrobial effects through indirect and direct mechanisms, partially mediated by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). In fact, MSCs have been reported to increase bacterial clearance in preclinical models of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cystic fibrosis-related infections. This article reviews the current evidence regarding the direct antimicrobial effector function of MSCs, focusing mainly on the role of MSCs-derived AMPs. The strategies that might modulate the expression and secretion of these AMPs, leading to enhanced antimicrobial effect, are highlighted. Furthermore, studies evaluating the presence of AMPs in the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are underlined as perspective opportunities to develop new drug delivery tools. The antimicrobial potential of MSCs-derived EVs can also be heightened through cell conditioning and/or drug loading. Finally, improving the pharmacokinetics and delivery, in addition to deciphering the multi-target drug status of AMPs, should synergistically lead to key advances against infections caused by drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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30
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Alcayaga-Miranda F, Cuenca J, Khoury M. Antimicrobial Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Status and New Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptide-Based Therapies. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28424688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy appears to be promising, there are concerns regarding possible side effects related to the unwanted suppression of antimicrobial immunity leading to an increased risk of infection. Conversely, recent data show that MSCs exert strong antimicrobial effects through indirect and direct mechanisms, partially mediated by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). In fact, MSCs have been reported to increase bacterial clearance in preclinical models of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cystic fibrosis-related infections. This article reviews the current evidence regarding the direct antimicrobial effector function of MSCs, focusing mainly on the role of MSCs-derived AMPs. The strategies that might modulate the expression and secretion of these AMPs, leading to enhanced antimicrobial effect, are highlighted. Furthermore, studies evaluating the presence of AMPs in the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are underlined as perspective opportunities to develop new drug delivery tools. The antimicrobial potential of MSCs-derived EVs can also be heightened through cell conditioning and/or drug loading. Finally, improving the pharmacokinetics and delivery, in addition to deciphering the multi-target drug status of AMPs, should synergistically lead to key advances against infections caused by drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Malik E, Dennison SR, Harris F, Phoenix DA. pH Dependent Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins, Their Mechanisms of Action and Potential as Therapeutic Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040067. [PMID: 27809281 PMCID: PMC5198042 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent antibiotics of the innate immune system that have been extensively investigated as a potential solution to the global problem of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. A group of AMPs that are increasingly being reported are those that utilise pH dependent antimicrobial mechanisms, and here we review research into this area. This review shows that these antimicrobial molecules are produced by a diverse spectrum of creatures, including vertebrates and invertebrates, and are primarily cationic, although a number of anionic examples are known. Some of these molecules exhibit high pH optima for their antimicrobial activity but in most cases, these AMPs show activity against microbes that present low pH optima, which reflects the acidic pH generally found at their sites of action, particularly the skin. The modes of action used by these molecules are based on a number of major structure/function relationships, which include metal ion binding, changes to net charge and conformational plasticity, and primarily involve the protonation of histidine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues at low pH. The pH dependent activity of pore forming antimicrobial proteins involves mechanisms that generally differ fundamentally to those used by pH dependent AMPs, which can be described by the carpet, toroidal pore and barrel-stave pore models of membrane interaction. A number of pH dependent AMPs and antimicrobial proteins have been developed for medical purposes and have successfully completed clinical trials, including kappacins, LL-37, histatins and lactoferrin, along with a number of their derivatives. Major examples of the therapeutic application of these antimicrobial molecules include wound healing as well as the treatment of multiple cancers and infections due to viruses, bacteria and fungi. In general, these applications involve topical administration, such as the use of mouth washes, cream formulations and hydrogel delivery systems. Nonetheless, many pH dependent AMPs and antimicrobial proteins have yet to be fully characterized and these molecules, as a whole, represent an untapped source of novel biologically active agents that could aid fulfillment of the urgent need for alternatives to conventional antibiotics, helping to avert a return to the pre-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Malik
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - David A Phoenix
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
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32
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Abstract
In recent years, the increase of invasive fungal infections and the emergence of antifungal resistance stressed the need for new antifungal drugs. Peptides have shown to be good candidates for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents through high-throughput screening, and subsequent optimization according to a rational approach. This review presents a brief overview on antifungal natural peptides of different sources (animals, plants, micro-organisms), peptide fragments derived by proteolytic cleavage of precursor physiological proteins (cryptides), synthetic unnatural peptides and peptide derivatives. Antifungal peptides are schematically reported based on their structure, antifungal spectrum and reported effects. Natural or synthetic peptides and their modified derivatives may represent the basis for new compounds active against fungal infections.
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33
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Zhu R, Du HJ, Li SY, Li YD, Ni H, Yu XJ, Yang YY, Fan YD, Jiang N, Zeng LB, Wang XG. De novo annotation of the immune-enriched transcriptome provides insights into immune system genes of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:699-716. [PMID: 27368537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), one of the oldest extant actinopterygian fishes with very high evolutionary, economical and conservation interest, is considered to be one of the critically endangered aquatic animals in China. Up to date, the immune system of this species remains largely undetermined with little sequence information publicly available. Herein, the first comprehensive transcriptome of immune tissues for Chinese sturgeon was characterized using Illumina deep sequencing. Over 67 million high-quality reads were generated and de novo assembled into the final set of 91,739 unique sequences. The annotation pipeline revealed that 25,871 unigenes were successfully annotated in the public databases, of which only 2002 had significant match to the existing sequences for the genus Acipenser. Overall 22,827 unigenes were categorized into 52 GO terms, 12,742 were classified into 26 KOG categories, and 4968 were assigned to 339 KEGG pathways. A more detailed annotation search showed the presence of a notable representation of immune-related genes, which suggests that this non-teleost actinopterygian fish harbors the same intermediates as in the well known immune pathways from mammals and teleosts, such as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, complement and coagulation pathway, T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways. Additional genetic marker discovery led to the retrieval of 20,056 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 327,140 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This immune-enriched transcriptome of Chinese sturgeon represents a rich resource that adds to the currently nascent field of chondrostean fish immunogenetics and furthers the conservation and management of this valuable fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - He-Jun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Shun-Yi Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Xue-Jing Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Yu-Ding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Ling-Bing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China.
| | - Xing-Guo Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
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Haustant J, Sil A, Maillo-Rius C, Hocquellet A, Costaglioli P, Garbay B, Dieryck W. Use of the human hepcidin gene to build a positive-selection vector for periplasmic expression in Escherichia coli. Anal Biochem 2016; 500:35-7. [PMID: 26873403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are often produced in the periplasm of Escherichia coli because this facilitates the purification process. The oxidizing environment favors the formation of disulfide bridges. We showed that the periplasmic expression of the human hormone hepcidin 25 (Hep25) fused to the maltose-binding protein (MBP) resulted in cell death. This toxicity was not observed when MBP-Hep25 accumulated in the bacterial cytoplasm, or when Hep25 was addressed to the periplasm without the MBP tag. We then modified the periplasmic expression vector pMALp2E to create pMALp2EH, a positive-selection vector with Hep25 as counterselection gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Haustant
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux-INP, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Annesha Sil
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux-INP, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christopher Maillo-Rius
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux-INP, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Hocquellet
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux-INP, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Costaglioli
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux-INP, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bertrand Garbay
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux-INP, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wilfrid Dieryck
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux-INP, EA4135, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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35
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N'Diaye A, Mijouin L, Hillion M, Diaz S, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Percoco G, Chevalier S, Lefeuvre L, Harmer NJ, Lesouhaitier O, Feuilloley MGJ. Effect of Substance P in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Virulence: Implication for Skin Homeostasis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:506. [PMID: 27148195 PMCID: PMC4832252 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are two major skin associated bacteria, and Substance P (SP) is a major skin neuropeptide. Since bacteria are known to sense and response to many human hormones, we investigated the effects of SP on Staphylococci virulence in reconstructed human epidermis model and HaCaT keratinocytes. We show that SP is stimulating the virulence of S. aureus and S. epidermidis in a reconstructed human epidermis model. qRT-PCR array analysis of 64 genes expressed by keratinocytes in the response to bacterial infection revealed a potential link between the action of SP on Staphylococci and skin physiopathology. qRT-PCR and direct assay of cathelicidin and human β-defensin 2 secretion also provided that demonstration that the action of SP on bacteria is independent of antimicrobial peptide expression by keratinocytes. Considering an effect of SP on S. aureus and S. epidermidis, we observed that SP increases the adhesion potential of both bacteria on keratinocytes. However, SP modulates the virulence of S. aureus and S. epidermidis through different mechanisms. The response of S. aureus is associated with an increase in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) production and a reduction of exolipase processing whereas in S. epidermidis the effect of SP appears mediated by a rise in biofilm formation activity. The Thermo unstable ribosomal Elongation factor Ef-Tu was identified as the SP-interacting protein in S. aureus and S. epidermidis. SP appears as an inter-kingdom communication factor involved in the regulation of bacterial virulence and essential for skin microflora homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awa N'Diaye
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironnement LMSM, EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Evreux, France
| | - Lily Mijouin
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironnement LMSM, EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Evreux, France
| | - Mélanie Hillion
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironnement LMSM, EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Evreux, France
| | - Suraya Diaz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironnement LMSM, EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Evreux, France
| | - Giuseppe Percoco
- GlycoMev EA 4358, Normandie Université, Université de RouenMont-Saint-Aignan, France; Bio-EC LaboratoryLongjumeau, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironnement LMSM, EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Evreux, France
| | - Luc Lefeuvre
- Dermatologic Laboratories Uriage Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironnement LMSM, EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Evreux, France
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironnement LMSM, EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Evreux, France
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Batoni G, Maisetta G, Esin S. Antimicrobial peptides and their interaction with biofilms of medically relevant bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:1044-60. [PMID: 26525663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections represent one of the major threats of modern medicine. Biofilm-forming bacteria are encased in a complex mixture of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and acquire properties that render them highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics and host immune response. Therefore, there is a pressing demand of new drugs active against microbial biofilms. In this regard, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an option taken increasingly in consideration. After dissecting the peculiar biofilm features that may greatly affect the development of new antibiofilm drugs, the present article provides a general overview of the rationale behind the use of AMPs against biofilms of medically relevant bacteria and on the possible mechanisms of AMP-antibiofilm activity. An analysis of the interactions of AMPs with biofilm components, especially those constituting the EPS, and the obstacles and/or opportunities that may arise from such interactions in the development of new AMP-based antibiofilm strategies is also presented and discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial Peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Katzenback BA. Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:607-39. [PMID: 26426065 PMCID: PMC4690011 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identified throughout the metazoa suggesting their evolutionarily conserved nature and their presence in teleosts is no exception. AMPs are short (18–46 amino acids), usually cationic, amphipathic peptides. While AMPs are diverse in amino acid sequence, with no two AMPs being identical, they collectively appear to have conserved functions in the innate immunity of animals towards the pathogens they encounter in their environment. Fish AMPs are upregulated in response to pathogens and appear to have direct broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity towards both human and fish pathogens. However, an emerging role for AMPs as immunomodulatory molecules has become apparent—the ability of AMPs to activate the innate immune system sheds light onto the multifaceted capacity of these small peptides to combat pathogens through direct and indirect means. Herein, this review focuses on the role of teleost AMPs as modulators of the innate immune system and their regulation in response to pathogens or other exogenous molecules. The capacity to regulate AMP expression by exogenous factors may prove useful in modulating AMP expression in fish to prevent disease, particularly in aquaculture settings where crowded conditions and environmental stress pre-dispose these fish to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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