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Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY. Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1268464. [PMID: 38464713 PMCID: PMC10923241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised. Scopoletin is indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. In addition, it is an inhibitor of various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated the low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and extensive metabolism of scopoletin. These properties may be associated with its poor solubility in aqueous media. In addition, toxicity research indicates the non-toxicity of scopoletin to most cell types tested to date, suggesting that scopoletin will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance with the test dose. Considering its favorable pharmacological activities, scopoletin has the potential to act as a drug candidate in the treatment of cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. In view of its merits and limitations, scopoletin is a suitable lead compound for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxicity derivatives. Additional studies are needed to explore its molecular mechanisms and targets, verify its toxicity, and promote its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xu-Yang Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Chun-Ying Bai
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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Mechanistic Insights into the Neuroprotective Potential of Sacred Ficus Trees. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224731. [PMID: 36432418 PMCID: PMC9695857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus religiosa (Bo tree or sacred fig) and Ficus benghalensis (Indian banyan) are of immense spiritual and therapeutic importance. Various parts of these trees have been investigated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, dermoprotective, and nephroprotective properties. Previous reviews of Ficus mostly discussed traditional usages, photochemistry, and pharmacological activities, though comprehensive reviews of the neuroprotective potential of these Ficus species extracts and/or their important phytocompounds are lacking. The interesting phytocompounds from these trees include many bengalenosides, carotenoids, flavonoids (leucopelargonidin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, leucopelargonidin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, lupeol, cetyl behenate, and α-amyrin acetate), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin), leucocyanidin, phytosterols (bergapten, bergaptol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), terpenes (α-thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, β-ocimene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, α-humulene, alloaromadendrene, germacrene, γ-cadinene, and δ-cadinene), and diverse polyphenols (tannin, wax, saponin, leucoanthocyanin), contributing significantly to their pharmacological effects, ranging from antimicrobial action to neuroprotection. This review presents extensive mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential, especially important phytochemicals from F. religiosa and F. benghalensis. Owing to the complex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), the currently existing drugs merely alleviate the symptoms. Hence, bioactive compounds with potent neuroprotective effects through a multitarget approach would be of great interest in developing pharmacophores for the treatment of NDDs.
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Tseng SH, Lee CJ, Chen SH, Chen CH, Tsai PW, Hsieh MS, Chu JS, Wang CC. Cinnamic aldehyde, an anti-inflammatory component in Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang, ameliorates arthritis in II collagenase and monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rat models. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:51-61. [PMID: 36685080 PMCID: PMC9845653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang (DHJST) is a Chinese herbal formula used for arthralgia and arthritis treatment clinically. This study aims to evaluate the joint-protecting efficacy of DHJST and to identify the active constituents as the evaluation marker. Experimental procedure DHJST can be categorized into three recipes: Blood-tonifying-herbs Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), Wind-dampness-dispelling-herbs (WDH) and Qi-tonifying-herbs (TH). All formulas were used to explore the joint-protecting efficacies. Results and conclusion s: Firstly, DHJST could decrease the arthritis progression in the monosodium-iodoacetate-induced rat and cure arthritis in the type II collagenase-induced rat. Further, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, DHJST, TH and Cinnamomum cassia (CC), an ingredient in TH, were the most potent nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibitors. The major components, cinnamic aldehyde, showed the strongest NO and PGE2 inhibition. Up-regulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 were inhibited by DHJST, TH, CC, and cinnamic aldehyde. In interleukin-1β-stimulated primary chondrocytes, upregulated iNOS was inhibited by DHJST, TH, Cinnamomum cassia, and cinnamic aldehyde. Upregulated matrix metalloprotease-13 was only inhibited by DHJST and TH and Eucommia ulmoides (EU) extract. Results suggest that DHJST presented joint-protective and cure arthritis effects. TH presented equal joint-protective effects as DHJST. The major anti-inflammatory ingredient in TH was Cinnamomum cassia in TH. And cinnamic aldehyde was the potent anti-inflammatory active compound in Cinnamomum cassia. Therefore, this study may facilitate the modern use of DHJST with TH as a simplified version but equally effective anti-osteoarthritic agents with cinnamic aldehyde as a quality control marker of DHJST and TH in osteoarthritis prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hui Tseng
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsin Chen
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Management, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science Industry, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shium Hsieh
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Show Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Management, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Zou L, Zhang Z, Chen J, Yang X, Li Y, Tang J, Du X, Tang L, Liang D, Zhu X, Feng J, Ding W. β-Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan Enhances Intestinal Drug Absorption and Its Preliminary Mechanism Exploration. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:221. [PMID: 35948815 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (CD) and chitosan (CS) have attracted great attention due to their unique properties and structures. β-Cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan (CD-CS) has been widely used as a drug carrier to prepare nano-formulations for drug delivery. However, few researches have been conducted to investigate the effect of CD-CS as an excipient on cellular uptake and intestinal absorption. Herein, Caco-2 cells were used to investigate the influence of CD-CS on cellular uptake. The MTT assay showed that CD-CS was non-toxic to Caco-2 cells in concentrations ranging from 15.62 to 125 μg/mL. Confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry measurements indicated that the uptake ability of Caco-2 cells was significantly enhanced after being treated with CD-CS at a concentration of 31.25 μg/mL or incubation for 0.5 h, and the uptake enhancement gradually increased with increasing CD-CS concentration and incubation time. The Caco-2 monolayer cell model and the everted intestinal sac method were employed to preliminarily explore the mechanism of the improved intestinal absorption. The results demonstrated that CD-CS might open the tight junctions and enhance the clathrin-dependent endocytosis, macro-pinocytosis, and phagocytosis of the intestinal epithelial cells. Such findings can serve as references and inspiration for the design of absorption enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinqing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolu Du
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Chinese Medicine Preparations, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Chinese Medicine Preparations, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,South China Branch of National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation, Nanning, China
| | - Wenya Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China. .,Key Laboratory of Common Technology of Chinese Medicine Preparations, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China. .,South China Branch of National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Solid Preparation, Nanning, China.
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Wu A, Lu J, Zhong G, Lu L, Qu Y, Zhang C. Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen): A review of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3805-3832. [PMID: 35913174 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Xanthotoxin (XAT) is a natural furanocoumarins, a bioactive psoralen isolated from the fruit of the Rutaceae plant Pepper, which has received increasing attention in recent years due to its wide source and low cost. By collecting and compiling literature on XAT, the results show that XAT exhibits significant activity in the treatment of various diseases, including neuroprotection, skin repair, osteoprotection, organ protection, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidative stress and antibacterial. In this paper, we review the pharmacological activity and potential molecular mechanisms of XAT for the treatment of related diseases. The data suggest that XAT can mechanistically induce ROS production and promote apoptosis through mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum pathways, regulate NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, AKT/mTOR, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways to exert pharmacological effects. In addition, the pharmacokinetics properties and toxicity of XAT are discussed in this paper, further elucidating the relationship between structure and efficacy. It is worth noting that data from clinical studies of XAT are still scarce, limiting the use of XAT in the clinic, and in the future, more in-depth studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of XAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Wu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guofeng Zhong
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ling Lu
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yan Qu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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Wang Z, Liu H, Cao Y, Zhang T, Guo H, Wang B. A novel method for investigating the mechanism of anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity of Angelicae pubescentis Radix by integrating UHPLC-QTOF/MS and network pharmacology. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5389. [PMID: 35484722 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to establish a strategy to elucidate the in vivo constituents of Angelicae pubescentis Radix (APR, also known as Duhuo) and reveal the probable mechanisms underlying the anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity of APR. APR, first recorded in Shennong Bencao Jing, is mainly used to treat Bi syndrome. Eleven absorbed components of APR were successfully identified using the Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rat model and the UHPLC-QTOF/MS technique. Two active ingredients (osthole, and columbianadin) and five corresponding targets (PTGS1, PTGS2, RXRA, CCNA2 and ACHE) were found to construct a compound-protein interaction network in RA. In addition, a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathway, which was related to anti-RA activity, was eventually identified by KEGG analysis. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed by establishing a mixed matrix network including the absorbed component, corresponding target, and signaling pathway with two key compounds (osthole and columbianadin) and two important targets (PTGS2 and PTGS1). The result of molecular docking is in agreement with the network pharmacology (NP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxiang Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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González LF, Bevilacqua LE, Naves R. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Strategies to Repair the Mitochondrial Function in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2055. [PMID: 34959337 PMCID: PMC8707316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles in eukaryotic cells that control diverse physiological processes related to energy production, calcium homeostasis, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. Several studies have demonstrated that structural and functional mitochondrial disturbances are involved in the development of different neuroinflammatory (NI) and neurodegenerative (ND) diseases (NI&NDDs) such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Remarkably, counteracting mitochondrial impairment by genetic or pharmacologic treatment ameliorates neurodegeneration and clinical disability in animal models of these diseases. Therefore, the development of nanosystems enabling the sustained and selective delivery of mitochondria-targeted drugs is a novel and effective strategy to tackle NI&NDDs. In this review, we outline the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, altered mitophagy, oxidative stress, energy deficit, and proteinopathies in NI&NDDs. In addition, we review different strategies for selective mitochondria-specific ligand targeting and discuss novel nanomaterials, nanozymes, and drug-loaded nanosystems developed to repair mitochondrial function and their therapeutic benefits protecting against oxidative stress, restoring cell energy production, preventing cell death, inhibiting protein aggregates, and improving motor and cognitive disability in cellular and animal models of different NI&NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Naves
- Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (L.F.G.); (L.E.B.)
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Kiris I, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Basar MK, Sahin B, Gurel B, Baykal AT. Molecular Effects of Pteryxin and Scopoletin in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2937-2950. [PMID: 34455957 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210827152914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent diseases with rapidly increasing numbers, but there is still no medication to treat or stop the disease. Previous data on coumarins suggests that scopoletin may have potential benefits in AD. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the therapeutic potential of the coumarins with natural origin - scopoletin and pteryxin in a 5xFAD mouse model of AD Methods: Both compounds were administered at two doses to 12-month-old mice, which represent severe AD pathology. The effects of coumarins were assessed on cognition in mouse experiments. Changes in the overall brain proteome were evaluated using LC-MS/MS analyses. RESULTS The Morris water maze test implicated that a higher dose of pteryxin (16 mg/kg) significantly improved learning, and the proteome analysis showed pronounced changes of specific proteins upon pteryxin administration. The amyloid-β precursor protein, glial fibrillary acid protein, and apolipoprotein E protein which are highly associated with AD, were among the differentially expressed proteins at the higher dose of the pteryxin. CONCLUSION Overall, pteryxin may be evaluated further as a disease-modifying agent in AD pathology in the late stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kiris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | | | - Merve Karayel Basar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
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Liang Y, Xie L, Liu K, Cao Y, Dai X, Wang X, Lu J, Zhang X, Li X. Bergapten: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6131-6147. [PMID: 34347307 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bergapten is a natural furocoumarin, also known as 5-methoxypsoralen, and its medicinal value has been paid more and more attention. By sorting out the pharmacological literature of bergapten, we found that bergapten has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, organ protection, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetes effects. However,bergapten has complex impacts on the hepatic metabolic enzyme. Moreover, pharmacokinetic studies showed that bergapten has higher absolute bioavailability and can cross the blood-brain barrier and has a great potential for treating brain disease, but the mechanism needs further clarification to make greater use of its ability to treat brain diseases. Furthermore, the phototoxicity of bergapten combined with ultraviolet light has always been mentioned. In view of its wide range of pharmacological activities, bergapten is expected to be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-induced osteoporosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and cancer. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and targets. The phototoxicity of bergapten as a side effect should be further avoided. On the other hand, the photoactivation of bergapten in the anticancer aspect can be better utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Feng Y, Li Q, Yang L, Zhang Y, Qiu D. The Use of 1H-qNMR Method for Simultaneous Determination of Osthol, Columbianadin, and Isoimperatorin in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:851-856. [PMID: 33241377 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to establish a method to identify and quantify the main active components in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (APR) quickly, simply, and accurately. This paper reports a novel method which can determine osthol, isoimperatorin, and columbianadin using 1H-qNMR simultaneously and quantitatively. METHODS In comprehensive consideration of resolution of target signals and the solubility of materials, dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) was selected as an optimal 1H-qNMR solvent and pyrazine was used as internal standard substance (δ8.66 ppm). The quantitative peaks of three active components were determined using specific 1H resonances at δ7.54-7.56 ppm for osthol, δ6.83-6.85 ppm for columbianadin, and δ6.31-6.32 ppm for isoimperatorin. RESULTS The results show that the method has good precision, stability, and repeatability. The content of APR plant material from Huating is 9.8 mg/g, 5.6 mg/g, and 15.6 mg/g for osthol, columbianadin, and isoimperatorin, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental process is simple and the test time is short (1 min). CONCLUSIONS The proposed quantitative 1H-qNMR methodology can be used for the quality control of APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Feng
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Lan Yang
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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Natural Compounds in Glioblastoma Therapy: Preclinical Insights, Mechanistic Pathways, and Outlook. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102317. [PMID: 34065960 PMCID: PMC8150927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is a tumor of the brain or spinal cord with poor clinical prognosis. Current interventions, such as chemotherapy and surgical tumor resection, are constrained by tumor invasion and cancer drug resistance. Dietary natural substances are therefore evaluated for their potential as agents in GBM treatment. Various substances found in fruits, vegetables, and other natural products restrict tumor growth and induce GBM cell death. These preclinical effects are promising but remain constrained by natural substances’ varying pharmacological properties. While many of the reviewed substances are available as over-the-counter supplements, their anti-GBM efficacy should be corroborated by clinical trials moving forward. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, often fatal astrocyte-derived tumor of the central nervous system. Conventional medical and surgical interventions have greatly improved survival rates; however, tumor heterogeneity, invasiveness, and chemotherapeutic resistance continue to pose clinical challenges. As such, dietary natural substances—an integral component of the lifestyle medicine approach to chronic diseases—are examined as potential chemotherapeutic agents. These heterogenous substances exert anti-GBM effects by upregulating apoptosis and autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, interfering with tumor metabolism, and inhibiting proliferation, neuroinflammation, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Although these beneficial effects are promising, natural substances’ efficacy in GBM is constrained by their bioavailability and blood–brain barrier permeability; various chemical formulations are proposed to improve their pharmacological properties. Many of the reviewed substances are available as over-the-counter dietary supplements, underscoring their viability as lifestyle interventions. However, clinical trials remain necessary to substantiate the in vitro and in vivo properties of natural substances.
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Ju IG, Huh E, Kim N, Lee S, Choi JG, Hong J, Oh MS. Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by regulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153501. [PMID: 33626425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a major role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The regulation of microglia is an efficient therapeutic approach to controlling neuroinflammation. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to determine whether Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba (AIH), which is herbal medicine traditionally used for inflammation-related disorders, controls neuroinflammatory responses by regulating the microglia-mediated signaling pathway. METHODS BV-2 microglial cells were treated with AIH and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), then various pro-inflammatory mediators were analyzed using griess reaction, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, or western blotting. C57BL/6 J mice were orally administered by AIH for 17 days and intraperitoneally injected with LPS for the last 14 days. The brains were collected and the microglial activation and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) expression in the cortex and hippocampus were analyzed using immunohistochemistry or western blotting. RESULTS In BV-2 microglial cells, we found that AIH inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS. AIH also suppressed the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators, including inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. The study also revealed that the effects of AIH are related to the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that AIH prevented the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Consistent with the results of in vitro studies on the brains of LPS-injected mice, we observed that AIH suppressed microglial activation and NLRP3 expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that AIH attenuates neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, and it may be used for treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Medical Science of Meridian, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkwon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- BK21 PLUS Integrated Education and Research Center for Nature-inspired Drug Development Targeting Healthy Aging, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Machado RD, de Morais MC, da Conceição EC, Vaz BG, Chaves AR, Rezende KR. Crude plant extract versus single compounds for vitiligo treatment: Ex vivo intestinal permeability assessment on Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113593. [PMID: 32942105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Roots´ bark extract of Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul (EBGT) is traditionally used for photochemotherapy of vitiligo due to the presence of furanocoumarins psoralen (PSO) and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) as major compounds. Though plant extracts may provide additional highly permeable psoralens-like substances which may act synergically on vitiligo's therapy. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop an LC-MS/MS method for screening new highly permeable furanocoumarins from B. gaudichaudii and to compare biomarkers permeability and solubility provided as single compounds or as crude extract, according to BCS. An optimized LC-MS/MS method showed twelve permeable and bioactive compounds, among which 9 furanocoumarins, 2 pyranocoumarins and 1 dihydrocinnamic acid derivative were detected in EBGT samples. Solubility of PSO and 5-MOP was found to be, respectively, six- and eleven-fold higher in crude extract than as pure compounds. Permeability (Papp) of PSO and 5-MOP in EBGT were higher than metoprolol, the low/high BCS permeability class boundary reference compound. Hence, both biomarkers were considered as highly permeable (BCS2) compounds. Their permeability were concentration-dependent displaying values from 30.26 ± 5.13-8.21 ± 2.16 × 10-6 cm/s and 10.72 ± 1.73-6.07 ± 1.27 × 10-6 cm/s, respectively, over a wide range (2.3-200.0 mg mL-1). Thus, a carrier-mediated absorption process is suggested as the main mechanism. Accordingly, all additional permeated coumarins, identified by LC-MS/MS, showed to be at comparable amount of biomarkers in the permeated samples inferring similar high permeability rate. Moreover, biomarkers and other highly absorbable and bioactive linear furanocoumarins from EBGT may be used for vitiligo´s photochemotherapy. Taken together, these findings bring additional evidences for using crude plant extract when aiming synergistic effects of bioactive compounds on melanogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbia Darc Machado
- BioPk, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cristina de Morais
- Laboratório de PD&I de Bioprodutos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- LaCEM, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Kênnia Rocha Rezende
- BioPk, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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A Review of the Botany, Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Analytical Methods, Pharmacological Effects, and Toxicity of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7460781. [PMID: 32831877 PMCID: PMC7422009 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7460781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (AP), as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for thousands of years in China. In this paper, the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, analytical methods, quality control, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of AP were reviewed. It can provide a reference for the further research and lay a foundation for the rational clinical application of AP. The relevant information on AP was collected from scientific databases (such as Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SciFinder Scholar), Chinese herbal classics, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, PhD and MSc dissertations, and so on. The components which have been isolated and identified in AP include coumarins, volatile oils, organic acids, terpenes, polysaccharides, flavonoids, sterols, and trace elements. Most of them were analyzed by HPLC and GC. A pharmacological study shows that the AP has extensive pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antirheumatism, sedative and hypnotic, neuroprotection, antioxidation, antitumor, and allergy, and it is widely used in the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, lumbar disc, ankylosing spondylitis, headaches, stroke hemiplegia, Alzheimer's, and arrhythmia. AP is a valuable natural medicinal plant. So far, significant advances have been made in phytochemistry and pharmacology. Some traditional uses have been demonstrated by modern pharmacology. However, the chemical components and pharmacological effects of AP are complex and varied, and there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. The mechanism of action, the structure-activity relationship among the components, and the potential synergistic and antagonistic effects remain to be studied. At the same time, there are few studies on the specific compounds related to its pharmacodynamics. In order to better develop and utilize AP, we should establish a more reasonable, reliable, and accurate quality control standard and focus on the study of bioactive constituents and the demonstration of their mechanism of action.
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Kong L, Li XT, Ni YN, Xiao HH, Yao YJ, Wang YY, Ju RJ, Li HY, Liu JJ, Fu M, Wu YT, Yang JX, Cheng L. Transferrin-Modified Osthole PEGylated Liposomes Travel the Blood-Brain Barrier and Mitigate Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology in APP/PS-1 Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2841-2858. [PMID: 32425521 PMCID: PMC7186891 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osthole (Ost) is a coumarin compound that strengthens hippocampal neurons and neural stem cells against Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in mice, and is a potential drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of the drug is limited by its solubility and bioavailability, as well as by the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, a kind of transferrin-modified Ost liposomes (Tf-Ost-Lip) was constructed, which could improve the bioavailability and enhance brain targeting. METHODS Tf-Ost-Lip was prepared by thin-film hydration method. The ability of liposomal formulations to translocate across BBB was investigated using in vitro BBB model. And the protective effect of Tf-Ost-Lip was evaluated in APP-SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we performed pharmacokinetics study and brain tissue distribution analysis of liposomal formulations in vivo. We also observed the neuroprotective effect of the varying formulations in APP/PS-1 mice. RESULTS In vitro studies reveal that Tf-Ost-Lip could increase the intracellular uptake of hCMEC/D3 cells and APP-SH-SY5Y cells, and increase the drug concentration across the BBB. Additionally, Tf-Ost-Lip was found to exert a protective effect on APP-SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo studies of pharmacokinetics and the Ost distribution in brain tissue indicate that Tf-Ost-Lip prolonged the cycle time in mice and increased the accumulation of Ost in the brain. Furthermore, Tf-Ost-Lip was also found to enhance the effect of Ost on the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. CONCLUSION Transferrin-modified liposomes for delivery of Ost has great potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-nan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-he Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-jia Yao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang110819, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning116001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-jun Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing102617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-tong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian116600, People’s Republic of China
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Liu M, Hu X, Wang X, Zhang J, Peng X, Hu Z, Liu Y. Constructing a Core Collection of the Medicinal Plant Angelica biserrata Using Genetic and Metabolic Data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600249. [PMID: 33424898 PMCID: PMC7785966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Angelica biserrata is an important medicinal plant in Chinese traditional medicine. Its roots, which are known as Duhuo in Chinese, are broadly applied to treat inflammation, arthritis, and headache. With increasing market demand, the wild resources of A. biserrata have been overexploited, and conservation, assessment of genetic resources and breeding for this species is needed. Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of A. biserrata and developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from it to construct a core collection based on 208 samples collected from Changyang-related regions. A total of 132 alleles were obtained for 17 SSR loci used with the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranging from 0.44 to 0.83. Abundant genetic diversity was inferred by Shannon's information index (1.51), observed (0.57) and expected heterozygosity (0.72). The clustering analysis resulted into two sample groups and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed only 6% genetic variation existed among populations. A further metabolic analysis of these samples revealed the main coumarin contents, such as osthole and columbianadin. According to the genetic and metabolic data, we adopted the least distance stepwise sampling strategy to construct seven preliminary core collections, of which the 20CC collection, which possessed 42 A. biserrata individuals accounting for 90.20% of the genetic diversity of the original germplasm, represented the best core collection. This study will contribute to the conservation and management of A. biserrata wild germplasm resources and provide a material basis for future selection and breeding of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xubing Peng
- Hubei Kangnong Seed Co., Ltd., Yichang, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Hu,
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Yifei Liu,
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Odyniec ML, Han HH, Gardiner JE, Sedgwick AC, He XP, Bull SD, James TD. Peroxynitrite Activated Drug Conjugate Systems Based on a Coumarin Scaffold Toward the Application of Theranostics. Front Chem 2019; 7:775. [PMID: 31867305 PMCID: PMC6906548 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel drug-conjugates based on a “coumarin linker” have been designed for the synergic release of a therapeutic agent and fluorescent probe for the potential application of theranostics. The drug conjugates; CC-RNS and CI-RNS were designed to be activated by reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The fluorescence OFF-ON response was triggered by the peroxynitrite-mediated transformation of a boronic acid pinacol ester to a phenol moiety with simultaneous release of the therapeutic agents (Confirmed by HRMS). The limit of detection for peroxynitrite using CC-RNS and CI-RNS was 0.29 and 37.2 μM, respectively. Both CC-RNS and CI-RNS demonstrated the ability to visualize peroxynitrite production thus demonstrating the effectiveness of these probes for use as tools to monitor peroxynitrite-mediated drug release in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Odyniec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint, Research Center, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint, Research Center, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven D Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Chaturvedi S, Rashid M, Malik MY, Agarwal A, Singh SK, Gayen JR, Wahajuddin M. Neuropharmacokinetics: a bridging tool between CNS drug development and therapeutic outcome. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1166-1175. [PMID: 30898661 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
WHO classified neurological disorders to be among 6.3% of the global disease burden. Among the most central aspects of CNS drug development is the ability of novel molecules to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the target site over a desired time period for therapeutic action. Based on various aspects, brain pharmacokinetics is considered to be one of the foremost perspectives for the higher attrition rate of CNS biologics. Although drug traits are important, the BBB and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier together with transporters become the mechanistic approach behind CNS drug delivery. The present review emphasizes neuropharmacokinetic parameters, their importance, an assessment approach and the vast effect of transporters to brain drug distribution for CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaturvedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Yaseen Malik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Isolation and in silico prediction of potential drug-like compounds from Anethum sowa L. root extracts targeted towards cancer therapy. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 78:242-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The ethanolic extract of Aralia continentalis ameliorates cognitive deficits via modifications of BDNF expression and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:11. [PMID: 30621666 PMCID: PMC6323859 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disease associated with that the experience of traumatic stress. The traumatic experience results in the development of a prolonged stress response that causes impaired memory function and increased inflammation in the hippocampus. Currently, antidepressants are the only approved therapy for PTSD. However, the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of PTSD is marginal. The ethanol extract of Aralia continentalis (AC) is traditionally used in oriental medicine, and has been showed to possess pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-diabetic effects. Nevertheless, the effects of AC on cognitive memory and its mechanism of action in PTSD remain unclear. Given the necessity of further treatment options for PTSD, we investigated the effect of AC on the spatial cognitive impairment caused by single prolonged stress (SPS) in a rat model of PTSD. Methods Male rats were treated with various intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of AC for 21 consecutive days after inducing chronic stress with the SPS procedure. Results Cognitive impairment caused by SPS were inhibited after treatment with 100 mg/kg AC, as measured by the Morris water maze test and an object recognition test. Additionally, AC treatment significantly alleviated memory-related decreases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that AC significantly inhibited the cognitive deficits caused by SPS via increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, in the rat brain. Conclusions AC reversed the behavioral impairments and inflammation triggered by SPS-derived traumatic stress and should be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic drug for PTSD.
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Evaluation of the Absorption Behavior of Main Component Compounds of Salt-Fried Herb Ingredients in Qing'e Pills by Using Caco-2 Cell Model. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123321. [PMID: 30558187 PMCID: PMC6321031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Qing’e Pills is a Chinese traditional herbal product, which is often used to strengthen muscles and bones in TCM (traditional Chinese Medicine) practice. Its two main component herbs, namely, Cortex Eucommiae and Fructus Psoraleae are both required to be salt-fried according to TCM theory. We have evaluated the effects of salt-frying treated herbs on Caco-2 cell uptake behavior for those active ingredients of Qing’e Pills. By investigating of various variables, including MTT, temperature, inhibitors, pH, salt concentration and herb processing methods, we tried to clarify whether the salt-processing on herbs was necessary or not. Results showed that, compared to other processing methods, the salt-frying process significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the absorption of effective components of Qing’e Pills. The way that psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralenoside and geniposide acid entered Caco-2 cells at low concentrations was via passive diffusion. These components were not substrates of P-glycoprotein. It demonstrated that the salt-frying process not only enhanced the concentration of active components in herb extract, but also changed their absorption behaviors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of absorption behavior changing needs to be further investigated.
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Development and Application of an UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Eight Major Bioactive Components from Yin Chen Hao Tang in Normal and Acute Liver Injured Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3239785. [PMID: 30519262 PMCID: PMC6241247 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3239785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yin Chen Hao Tang (YCHT) is one of the most famous hepatoprotective herbal formulas in China, but its pharmacokinetic investigation in model rats has been rarely conducted. In this study, the hepatic injury model was caused by intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and YCHT was orally administered to the model and normal rats. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established to analyze the plasma pharmacokinetics of eight major bioactive ingredients from YCHT in both the normal and liver injured rats. The calibration curves presented good linearity (r > 0.9981) in the concentration range. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) of inter- and intraday precision was within 9.55%, and the accuracy (RE%) ranged from -10.72% to 2.46%. The extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were demonstrated to be within acceptable ranges. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were around 0.1 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively, which were much lower than those in other related researches. Results reveal that there are significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of scoparone, geniposide, rhein, aloe-emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol in hepatic injured rats as compared to those in control except for scopoletin and emodin. Our experimental results provide a meaningful reference for the clinical dosage of YCHT in treating liver disorders, and the improvement of LLOD and LLOQ can also broaden the range of our method's application, which is very suitable for quantitating these eight compounds with low levels.
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Ge Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Li J, He J, Hao J, Gao XM, Chang YX. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of bisabolangelone from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in rat using LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4433. [PMID: 30414211 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and accurate LC-MS/MS method was established for quantifying bisabolangelone in rat plasma and tissues. Bisabolangelone was isolated and purified from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. The pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of bisabolangelone after administration to rat was performed by LC-MS/MS. Separation was carried out on a C8 (4.6 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) column. The MS/MS transitions of bisabolangelone and tussilagone (internal standard) were set at m/z 249.1 → 109.1 and m/z 391.4 → 217.4, respectively. The lower limit of quantification in plasma and other tissues ranged from 1 to 4 ng/mL. The biosamples were prepared using protein precipitation method with acetonitrile. The recovery was >92%. The results showed that values of maximum concentrations and area under the curve depended linearly on the studied doses (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight). The other ingredients in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix extract possibly reduce the absorption of bisabolangelone in rat. Tissue distribution revealed that bisabolangelone was widely distributed in vivo. The highest and lowest concentrations of bisabolangelone were found in the stomach and in the brain, respectively. It was concluded that the newly established HPLC-MS/MS method was suitable to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bisabolangelone in rat after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ge
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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Simultaneous Determination of Columbianadin and Its Metabolite Columbianetin in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to Pharmacokinetics of Columbianadin after Oral Administration. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8568303. [PMID: 30327682 PMCID: PMC6169240 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8568303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Columbianadin and its metabolite columbianetin exhibited the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, calcium channel blocking and antitumor activities. To compare the differences between pharmacokinetics of columbianadin and its metabolite columbianetin after oral administration of pure columbianadin and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (APR) extract, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established and validated to simultaneously determine columbianadin and columbianetin in rat plasma. Two analytes and an internal standard (warfarin) were well separated and determined after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Ammonium acetate aqueous solution (1 mmol/L) and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phase and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.1 ng/mL for columbianetin and 0.5 ng/mL for columbianadin, respectively. There were significant differences between some pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of columbianadin after oral administration of pure columbianadin and APR extract. The studies on comparative pharmacokinetics of columbianadin were of great use for facilitating the clinical application of columbianadin and were also highly meaningful for the potential development of APR.
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Yang YF, Zhang L, Yang XW. Distribution Assessments of Coumarins from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid and Brain by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010225. [PMID: 29361720 PMCID: PMC6017000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (APR) is a widely-used traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological studies have begun to probe its biological activities on neurological disorders recently. To assess the brain penetration and distribution of APR, a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to the simultaneous determinations of the main coumarins from APR in the rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain after oral administration of APR extract, including psoralen, xanthotoxin, bergapten, isoimperatorin, columbianetin, columbianetin acetate, columbianadin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, angelol B, osthole, meranzin hydrate and nodakenetin. Most of the tested coumarins entered the rat CSF and brain quickly, and double-peak phenomena in concentration-time curves were similar to those of their plasma pharmacokinetics. Columbianetin had the highest concentration in the CSF and brain, while psoralen and columbianetin acetate had the largest percent of CSF/plasma and brain/plasma, indicating that these three coumarins may be worthy of further research on the possible nervous effects. Correlations between the in vivo brain distributions and plasma pharmacokinetics of these coumarins were well verified. These results provided valuable information for the overall in vivo brain distribution characteristics of APR and also for its further studies on the active substances for the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroprotective effects of three main alkaloids from the fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa with MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer and PC12 cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:82-87. [PMID: 29245070 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa (Euodiae Fructus, EF), the widely used traditional Chinese medicine, have various central nervous system effects. Alkaloids following as evodiamine (EDM), rutaecarpine (RCP) and dehydroevodiamine (DEDM) are the major substances in EF. The MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model was utilized as a blood-brain barrier (BBB) surrogate model to study their BBB permeability. The transport samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. EDM and RCP showed high permeability through BBB by passive diffusion, while DEDM showed moderate permeability with efflux mechanism related to P-glycoprotein (P-gp). EDM and RCP could also reduce the efflux of DEDM probably by inhibiting P-gp. The neuroprotective effects of the three alkaloids were then studied on the PC12 cell line injured by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). EDM could significantly reduce MPP+ or H2O2-induced cell injury dose-dependently. RCP could increase the cell viability in MPP+ treated group while DEDM showed a protective effect against H2O2 injury. This study predicted the permeability of EDM, RCP and DEDM through BBB and discovered the neuroprotective substance basis of EF as a potential encephalopathy drug.
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Markus J, Wang D, Kim YJ, Ahn S, Mathiyalagan R, Wang C, Yang DC. Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivities Evaluation of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by the Roots of Chinese Herbal Angelica pubescens Maxim. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:46. [PMID: 28097599 PMCID: PMC5241258 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthesis and biological applications of silver (DH-AgNps) and gold nanoparticles (DH-AuNps) mediated by the aqueous extract of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Du Huo) are explored. Du Huo is a medicinal root belonging to Angelica pubescens Maxim which possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. The absorption spectra of nanoparticles in varying root extract and metal ion concentration, pH, reaction temperatures, and time were recorded by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The presence of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps was confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance intensified at ~414 and ~540 nm, respectively. Field emission transmission electron micrograph (FE-TEM) analysis revealed the formation of quasi-spherical DH-AgNps and spherical icosahedral DH-AuNps. These novel DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps maintained an average crystallite size of 12.48 and 7.44 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps exhibited antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) radicals and the former exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica. The expected presence of flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and phenols on the nanoparticle surface were conjectured to grant protection against aggregation and free radical scavenging activity. DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps were further investigated for their cytotoxic properties in RAW264.7 macrophages for their potential application as drug carriers to sites of inflammation. In conclusion, this green synthesis is favorable for the advancement of plant mediated nano-carriers in drug delivery systems, cancer diagnostic, and medical imaging. Schematic diagram of biosynthesis of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps and evaluation of their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Markus
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 Republic of Korea
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The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Six Indole Alkaloids from Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis in the MDCK-pHaMDR Cell Monolayer Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111944. [PMID: 29125571 PMCID: PMC6150385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis (URCU) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, and is reported to have various central nervous system effects. Alkaloids have been demonstrated to be the predominant pharmacological active components of URCU. In order to evaluate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and transport mechanism of six typical indole alkaloids from URCU, the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model was used as an in vitro surrogate model for BBB. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. Among the six alkaloids, isorhynchophylline (2), isocorynoxeine (4), hirsutine (5) and hirsuteine (6) showed high permeability, with Papp values at 10−5 cm/s level in bidirectional transport. For rhynchophylline (1) and corynoxeine (3), they showed moderate permeability, with Papp values from the apical (AP) side to the basolateral (BL) side at 10−6 cm/s level and efflux ratio (Papp BL→AP/Papp AP→BL) above 2. The time- and concentration-dependency experiments indicated that the main mechanism for 2, 4, 5 and 6 through BBB was passive diffusion. The efflux mechanism involved in the transports of compounds 1 and 3 could be reduced significantly by verapamil, and molecular docking screening also showed that 1 and 3 had strong bindings to P-glycoprotein. This study provides useful information for predicting the BBB permeability for 1–6, as well as better understanding of their central nervous system pharmacological activities.
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Cao WY, Feng B, Cheng LF, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang XJ. The octanol/water distribution coefficients of ardipusilloside-I and its metabolites, and their permeation characteristics across Caco-2 cell monolayer. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:29. [PMID: 27158260 PMCID: PMC4858920 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ardipusilloside-I (ADS-I) is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from Chinese medicinal herb Ardisiapusill A. DC. Previous studies have demonstrated the potent anti-tumor activities of ADS-I both in vitro and in vivo, and its main metabolites (M1 and M2) from human intestinal bacteria. However, the physicochemical properties and intestinal permeation rate of ADS-I and its metabolites are not understood. In this study, the octanol/water distribution coefficients (logP) of ADS-I and metabolites were investigated using standard shake flask technique, and their permeability properties was investigated across Caco-2 cells monolayer. Results The logP of ADS-I, M1 and M2 was −0.01, 0.95 ± 0.04, 1.57 ± 0.11, respectively. The Papp values of ADS-I, M1 and M2 (in 10 μmol/L) across Caco-2 cell monolayers from the apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) direction were 1.88 ± 0.21 × 10−6 cm·s−1, 4.30 ± 0.43 × 10−6 cm·s−1, 4.74 ± 0.47 × 10−6 cm·s−1, respectively. Conclusion Our data indicated that ADS-I has the poorer intestinal absorption than its metabolites (M1 and M2) in these experimental systems, suggesting that the metabolites of ADS-I may be the predominant products absorbed by the intestine when ADS-I is administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Li-Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi China
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30
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Seo EJ, Saeed M, Law BYK, Wu AG, Kadioglu O, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Pharmacogenomics of Scopoletin in Tumor Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:496. [PMID: 27092478 PMCID: PMC6273985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and the severe side effects of chemotherapy necessitate the development of novel anticancer drugs. Natural products are a valuable source for drug development. Scopoletin is a coumarin compound, which can be found in several Artemisia species and other plant genera. Microarray-based RNA expression profiling of the NCI cell line panel showed that cellular response of scopoletin did not correlate to the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters as classical drug resistance mechanisms (ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, ABCG2). This was also true for the expression of the oncogene EGFR and the mutational status of the tumor suppressor gene, TP53. However, mutations in the RAS oncogenes and the slow proliferative activity in terms of cell doubling times significantly correlated with scopoletin resistance. COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses of transcriptome-wide mRNA expression resulted in a set of 40 genes, which all harbored binding motifs in their promoter sequences for the transcription factor, NF-κB, which is known to be associated with drug resistance. RAS mutations, slow proliferative activity, and NF-κB may hamper its effectiveness. By in silico molecular docking studies, we found that scopoletin bound to NF-κB and its regulator IκB. Scopoletin activated NF-κB in a SEAP-driven NF-κB reporter cell line, indicating that NF-κB might be a resistance factor for scopoletin. In conclusion, scopoletin might serve as lead compound for drug development because of its favorable activity against tumor cells with ABC-transporter expression, although NF-κB activation may be considered as resistance factor for this compound. Further investigations are warranted to explore the full therapeutic potential of this natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Henry Johannes Greten
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal.
- Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg 69126, Germany.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Richomme
- EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV, Campus du vegetal, University of Angers, 49070 Beaucouzé, France.
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32
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Wu N, Xu W, Cao GY, Yang YF, Yang XB, Yang XW. The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Lignans and Malabaricones from the Seeds of Myristica fragrans in the MDCK-pHaMDR Cell Monolayer Model. Molecules 2016; 21:134. [PMID: 26805808 PMCID: PMC6274353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of twelve lignans and three phenolic malabaricones from the seeds of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) were studied with the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model. The samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. Among the fifteen test compounds, benzonfuran-type, dibenzylbutane-type and arylnaphthalene-type lignans showed poor to moderate permeabilities with Papp values at 10−8–10−6 cm/s; those of 8-O-4′-neolignan and tetrahydrofuran-lignan were at 10−6–10−5 cm/s, meaning that their permeabilities are moderate to high; the permeabilities of malabaricones were poor as their Papp values were at 10−8–10−7 cm/s. To 5-methoxy-dehydrodiisoeugenol (2), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propan-1-ol acetate (6), verrucosin (8), and nectandrin B (9), an efflux way was involved and the main transporter for 6, 8 and 9 was demonstrated to be P-glycoprotein. The time and concentration dependency experiments indicated the main transport mechanism for neolignans dehydrodiisoeugenol (1), myrislignan (7) and 8 was passive diffusion. This study summarized the relationship between the BBB permeability and structure parameters of the test compounds, which could be used to preliminarily predict the transport of a compound through BBB. The results provide a significant molecular basis for better understanding the potential central nervous system effects of nutmeg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Gui-Yun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xin-Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Study of the Biotransformation of Tongmai Formula by Human Intestinal Flora and Its Intestinal Permeability across the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer. Molecules 2015; 20:18704-16. [PMID: 26501241 PMCID: PMC6331934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongmai formula (TMF) is a well-known Chinese medicinal preparation that contains isoflavones as its major bioactive constituents. As traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are usually used by oral administration, their fate inside the intestinal lumen, including their biotransformation by human intestinal flora (HIF) and intestinal absorption deserves study. In this work TMF extract was incubated with human intestinal bacteria under anaerobic conditions and the changes in the twelve main constituents of TMF were then investigated. Their intestinal permeabilities, i.e., the transport capability across the intestinal brush border were investigated with a human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) cell monolayer model to predict the absorption mechanism. Meanwhile, rapid HPLC-DAD methods were established for the assay. According to the biotransformation curves of the twelve constituents and the permeability coefficients, the intestinal absorption capacity of the typical compounds was elevated from the levels of 10(-7) cm/s to 10(-5) cm/s from those of the original compounds in TMF. Among them the main isoflavone glycosides puerarin (4), mirificin (6) and daidzin (7) were transformed into the same aglycone, daidzein (10). Therefore it was predicted that the aglycone compounds might be the real active ingredients in TMF. The models used can represent a novel path for the TCM studies.
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