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Le TKD, Hioki Y, Duong TH, Kita M, Chavasiri W. Globunoids A-D, undescribed bichalconoid and biflavanoids with α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities from Knema globularia stems. Phytochemistry 2024; 221:114066. [PMID: 38494085 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A bichalconoid, globunoid A (1) and three biflavanones, globunoids B-D (2-4), previously undescribed, were isolated from the stems of Knema globularia, along with fourteen known analogues 5-18. The chemical structures of 1-4 were elucidated by the comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR; the absolute configurations were determined based on their NOESY data, DP4+ statistical analysis, and ECD calculation. Up to now, compounds 2 and 3 represent the first 3,3″-linked biflavanone structures. Among the isolated compounds, 2, 3, and 2,3-dihydrocalodenin B (6) potently inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, with IC50 values in the range 1.1-7.5 μM. Furthermore, the most active compound 6 was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor against these two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Kim-Dung Le
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yusuke Hioki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 an Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 748342, Viet Nam
| | - Masaki Kita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Salihu AS, Salleh WMNHW, Barker D, Arzmi MH, Ab Ghani N, Rasol NE. Intermedianin, a new furofuran lignan from the leaves of Knema intermedia Warb. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38657005 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2345758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Knema intermedia has led to the isolation of a new furofuran lignan, intermedianin 1 together with five known lignans, α-cubebin 2, β-cubebin 3, bicubebin A 4, bicubebin B 5, and bicubebin C 6. The characterisation and structural elucidation of the isolated compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature data. The antifungal activity was tested using the broth microdilution assay, whereas the microbial biofilms were determined using a semi-quantitative static biofilm. Compound 1 exhibited activity against C. albicans, C. lusitanae, and C. auris, (each with MIC/MFC value 250 µg/mL) and increased the biofilm of C. auris (64.07 ± 3.83%) and Candida lusitanae (62.90 ± 3.41%) when treated with 500 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Siddiq Salihu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | | | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nurunajah Ab Ghani
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Truong Nguyen H, Duong TH, Dang MK, Pham MDT, Pham NKT, Tri Mai D, Son Dang V, Nguyen NH, Sichaem J. Two New Benzoquinone Derivatives from Vietnamese Knema globularia Stems. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400380. [PMID: 38498616 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the stems of Knema globularia led to the isolation of two new benzoquinones derivatives, embenones A and B (1 and 2), along with three known compounds (3-5). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, in conjunction with comparison to existing literature data. Compounds 1 and 2 represent new carbon skeletons in nature. Furthermore, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with compounds 1-3 exhibiting superior potency relative to the positive control (acarbose, IC50 331 μM). Their IC50 values ranged from 1.40 to 96.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Truong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 748342, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Khai Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 748342, Vietnam
| | - Mai-Dang-Truong Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 748342, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen-Kim-Tuyen Pham
- Faculty of Environment, Sai Gon University, 273 An Duong Vuong, Ward 3, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Tri Mai
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11300, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 A TL29 Street, Thanh Loc ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Son Dang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 11300, Vietnam
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Hong Nguyen
- CirTech Institute, HUTECH University, 475 A Dien Bien Phu Street, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Jirapast Sichaem
- Research Unit in Natural Products Chemistry and Bioactivities, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University Lampang Campus, Lampang, 52190, Thailand
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Barman R, Kumar Bora P, Saikia J, Konwar P, Sarkar A, Kemprai P, Proteem Saikia S, Haldar S, Slater A, Banik D. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of pharmaceutically potential hallucinogenic metabolites in Myristicaceae, mechanistic convergence and co-evolutionary trends in plants and humans. Phytochemistry 2024; 218:113928. [PMID: 38035973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The family Myristicaceae harbour mind-altering phenylpropanoids like myristicin, elemicin, safrole, tryptamine derivatives such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and β-carbolines such as 1-methyl-6-methoxy-dihydro-β-carboline and 2-methyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline. This study aimed to systematically review and propose the hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of hallucinogenic metabolites of Myristicaceae which have the potential to be used pharmaceutically. Relevant publications were retrieved from online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Science Direct and the distribution of the hallucinogens among the family was compiled. The review revealed that the biosynthesis of serotonin in plants was catalysed by tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) and tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (TPH), whereas in invertebrates and vertebrates only by tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (TPH). Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of DMT in plants and the brains of humans and other mammals. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase catalyses the biosynthesis of both phenylpropanoids and tryptamines in plants. All the hallucinogenic markers exhibited neuropsychiatric effects in humans as mechanistic convergence. The review noted that DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and β-carbolines were natural protectants against both plant stress and neurodegenerative human ailments. The protein sequence data of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase retrieved from NCBI showed a co-evolutionary relationship in between animals and plants on the phylogenetic framework of a Maximum Parsimony tree. The review also demonstrates that the biosynthesis of serotonin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, 5-hydroxy dimethyltryptamine, and β-carbolines in plants, as well as endogenous secretion of these compounds in the brain and blood of humans and rodents, reflects co-evolutionary mutualism in plants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Barman
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Pranjit Kumar Bora
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Jadumoni Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Parthapratim Konwar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Aditya Sarkar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India
| | - Phirose Kemprai
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Siddhartha Proteem Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Adrian Slater
- Faculty of School of Health and Allied Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, Hawthorn Building HB1.12, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Dipanwita Banik
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad - 201002, India.
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Salihu AS, Salleh WMNHW, Setzer WN. Essential oil composition, anti-tyrosinase activity, and molecular docking studies of Knema intermedia Warb. ( Myristicaceae). Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:293-298. [PMID: 36960928 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Knema is one of the genera in the Myristicaceae family. The genus includes 60 species in Southeast Asia and is traditionally used for treating skin disorders. Here, for the first time, the essential oil, anti-tyrosinase, and molecular docking studies of Knema intermedia were evaluated. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-tyrosinase activity was evaluated against mushroom tyrosinase, whereas molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock vina embedded in PyRx to evaluate the binding interactions of major components. A total of 37 components (97.3%) were successfully identified in the essential oil, which was characterized by high amounts of t-muurolol (20.1%), α-copaene (14.4%), δ-cadinene (13.9%), germacrene B (9.5%), and δ-selinene (7.0%). The essential oil displayed moderate inhibitory activity towards tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 70.2 μg/mL. The best docking energy was observed with δ-selinene (-7.8 kcal/mol), and it also forms interactions with His85, His263, and His244 which are important amino acid residues of the tyrosinase receptor. Hence, this study provides valuable scientific data on K. intermedia as potential candidate for the development of natural antiaging formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Siddiq Salihu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
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Othman MA, Sivasothy Y. Acylphenols and Dimeric Acylphenols from the Genus Myristica: A Review of Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1589. [PMID: 37111813 PMCID: PMC10143527 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Myristica is a medicinally important genus belonging to the Myristicaceae. Traditional medicinal systems in Asia have employed plants from the genus Myristica to treat a variety of ailments. Acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols are a rare group of secondary metabolites, which, to date, have only been identified in the Myristicaceae, in particular, in the genus Myristica. The aim of the review would be to provide scientific evidence that the medicinal properties of the genus Myristica could be attributed to the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols present in the various parts of its plants and highlight the potential in the development of the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols as pharmaceutical products. SciFinder-n, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were used to conduct the literature search between 2013-2022 on the phytochemistry and the pharmacology of acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols from the genus Myristica. The review discusses the distribution of the 25 acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols within the genus Myristica, their extraction, isolation, and characterization from the respective Myristica species, the structural similarities and differences within each group and between the different groups of the acylphenols and dimeric acylphenols, and their in vitro pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Aqmal Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yasodha Sivasothy
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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Salihu AS, Salleh WMNHW, Ogunwa TH. Chemical composition, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and molecular docking studies of essential oil from Knema hookeriana Warb. ( Myristicaceae). Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36855270 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2184359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The genus Knema Lour. is distributed mainly in Southeast Asian and widely used in folk medicine for treating diseases such as jaundice, chronic fever, and inflammation. The chemical composition, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and molecular docking studies of essential oil from Knema hookeriana Warb. were investigated in this study. The essential oil was achieved through hydrodistillation and was characterised using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was evaluated using Ellman method while molecular docking studies were carried out using Autodock v.4.3.2. The results revealed that the essential oil examined consisted mainly of β-caryophyllene (26.2%), germacrene D (12.5%), δ-cadinene (9.2%), germacrene B (8.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.5%). The essential oil showed acetylcholinesterase activity with IC50 value of 70.5 µg/mL. The enzyme-ligand molecular docking study showed that β-caryophyllene and δ-cadinene exhibited good binding affinities towards AChE with docking scores -8.1 kcal/mol and -8.3 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Siddiq Salihu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | | | - Tomisin Happy Ogunwa
- Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Design, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Hop NQ, Son NT. Genus Knema: An Extensive Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:1524-1553. [PMID: 36722485 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230201115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knema (the Myristicaceae family) is a large genus of small-medium trees found in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Australia. Historical records dealt with the uses of Knema species as medicinal plants against various diseases, especially cancer remedies, or their application as tonic agents in Asian communities Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the most current knowledge on the traditional uses, chemical profiles, as well as pharmacological values of Knema plants. METHODS Through electronic search, the literature materials on Knema plants were acquired from scholarly journals, books, and internationally recognized scientific databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Sci-Finder, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All full-text articles and abstracts on Knema were screened. Genus Knema, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology were the first selective keywords to search for references. RESULTS Since the 1970s, more than 185 metabolites have been isolated from Knema plants and structurally elucidated. Among them, phenolic lipids, flavonoids, and lignans are the principal metabolites. Crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds of Knema species possess a wide variety of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, but cytotoxicity is the most striking feature. Phenolic lipids containing long alkyl side chains and polar hydroxyl or acyl groups are found as the most active molecules in cytotoxic assays. CONCLUSION Further studies on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities, toxicological assessments, pharmacological mechanisms, and pharmacokinetics are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quang Hop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 (HPU2), Nguyen Van Linh, Xuanhoa, Phucyen, Vinhphuc, Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate university of Science and Technology, VAST
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Kruakaew S, Singha S, Sangvichien E, Yahuafai J, Sutthivaiyakit S. Neolignans from Myristica fragrans seeds, revision of their absolute configurations, reduction products and biological activities. Phytochemistry 2022; 199:113174. [PMID: 35358598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic purification of the CH2Cl2 extract of Myristica fragrans seeds provided 19 known compounds, four dihydrofuran neolignans, licarines A, B and maceneolignans A, B were among the isolates. Prior to hydrogenation, in order to obtain their di- and tetrahydrogenated products, the absolute configuration of these compounds was thoroughly investigated based on their optical rotations and ECD spectra. This report provides evidences concerning the disagreement between the use of an aromatic quadrant rule and time-dependent density function theory calculation for the prediction of the absolute configurations at C-7 and C-8 in these dihydrobenzofuran neolignans. The absolute configurations of licarines A, B and maceneolignans A, B were subsequently redefined. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the isolates and reduction products of licarines A, B and maceneolignans A, B were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Kruakaew
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Suriphon Singha
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Ek Sangvichien
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Jantana Yahuafai
- Research Transfer and Academic Support Division, National Cancer Institute, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Somyote Sutthivaiyakit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand.
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Barman R, Bora PK, Saikia J, Kemprai P, Saikia SP, Haldar S, Banik D. Nutmegs and wild nutmegs: An update on ethnomedicines, phytochemicals, pharmacology, and toxicity of the Myristicaceae species. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4632-4659. [PMID: 33987899 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prized medicinal spice true nutmeg is obtained from Myristica fragrans Houtt. Rest species of the family Myristicaceae are known as wild nutmegs. Nutmegs and wild nutmegs are a rich reservoir of bioactive molecules and used in traditional medicines of Europe, Asia, Africa, America against madness, convulsion, cancer, skin infection, malaria, diarrhea, rheumatism, asthma, cough, cold, as stimulant, tonics, and psychotomimetic agents. Nutmegs are cultivated around the tropics for high-value commercial spice, used in global cuisine. A thorough literature survey of peer-reviewed publications, scientific online databases, authentic webpages, and regulatory guidelines found major phytochemicals namely, terpenes, fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, alkanes, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, and indole alkaloids. Scientific names, synonyms were verified with www.theplantlist.org. Pharmacological evaluation of extracts and isolated biomarkers showed cholinesterase inhibitory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal activities, and toxicity through in-vitro, in-vivo studies. Human clinical trials were very few. Most of the pharmacological studies were not conducted as per current guidelines of natural products to ensure repeatability, safety, and translational use in human therapeutics. Rigorous pharmacological evaluation and randomized double-blind clinical trials are recommended to analyze the efficacy and therapeutic potential of nutmeg and wild nutmegs in anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, autism, schizophrenia, stroke, cancer, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Barman
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranjit Kumar Bora
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jadumoni Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Phirose Kemprai
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Siddhartha Proteem Saikia
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipanwita Banik
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Francisco V, Ait Eldjoudi D, Farrag AbdElHafez YR, Cordero-Barreal A, Pino J, Lago F, Campos-Toimil M, Rocha Carvalho G, Melo Costa Pereira T, Gualillo O. Pharmacological Extracts and Molecules from Virola Species: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:792. [PMID: 33546469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Virola is the largest genus of Myristicaceae in America, comprising about 60 species of medium-sized trees geographically spread from Mexico to southern Brazil. The plant species of this genus have been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of several ailments, such as rheumatic pain, bronchial asthma, tumors in the joints, intestinal worms, halitosis, ulcers, and multiple infections, due to their pharmacological activity. This review presents an updated and comprehensive summary of Virola species, particularly their ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity, to support the safe medicinal use of plant extracts and provide guidance for future research. The Virola spp.'s ethnopharmacology, including in the treatment of stomach pain and gastric ulcers, as well as antimicrobial and tryponosomicidal activities, is attributable to the presence of a myriad of phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, lignans, arylalkanones, and sitosterol. Hence, such species yield potential leads or molecular scaffolds for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations, encouraging the elucidation of not-yet-understood action mechanisms and ascertaining their safety for humans.
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Anunciação TAD, Costa RGA, Lima EJSPD, Silva VR, Santos LDS, Soares MBP, Dias RB, Rocha CAG, Costa EV, Silva FMAD, Koolen HHF, Bezerra DP. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of HCT116 cells by essential oils from bark and leaves of Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. ( Myristicaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 262:113166. [PMID: 32730868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. (Myristicaceae), popularly known in Brazil as "mucuíba", "ucuúba", "ucuúba-branca" or "ucuúba do igapó", is a medicinal plant used to treat a variety of diseases, including infections, inflammatory processes and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present work, we investigated the chemical constituents and the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells by essential oils obtained from the bark (EOB) and leaves (EOL) of V. surinamensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS EOB and EOL were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in cultured cancer cells HCT116, HepG2, HL-60, B16-F10 and MCF-7 and in a non-cancerous cell line MRC-5 by the Alamar blue assay after 72 h of treatment. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry in HCT116 cells treated with essential oils after 24 and 48 h of treatment. The cells were also stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa to analyze cell morphology. In vivo antitumor activity was evaluated in C.B-17 SCID mice with HCT116 cells. RESULTS The main constituents in EOB were aristolene (28.0 ± 3.1%), α-gurjunene (15.1 ± 2.4%), valencene (14.1 ± 1.9%), germacrene D (7.5 ± 0.9%), δ-guaiene (6.8 ± 1.0%) and β-elemene (5.4 ± 0.6%). On the other hand, EOL displayed α-farnesene (14.5 ± 1.5%), β-elemene (9.6 ± 2.3%), bicyclogermacrene (8.1 ± 2.0%), germacrene D (7.4 ± 0.7%) and α-cubebene (5.6 ± 1.1%) as main constituents. EOB showed IC50 values for cancer cells ranging from 9.41 to 29.52 μg/mL for HCT116 and B16-F10, while EOL showed IC50 values for cancer cells ranging from 7.07 to 26.70 μg/mL for HepG2 and HCT116, respectively. The IC50 value for a non-cancerous MRC-5 cell was 34.7 and 38.93 μg/mL for EOB and EOL, respectively. Both oils induced apoptotic-like cell death in HCT116 cells, as observed by the morphological characteristics of apoptosis, externalization of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial depolarization and fragmentation of internucleosomal DNA. At a dose of 40 mg/kg, tumor mass inhibition rates were 57.9 and 44.8% in animals treated with EOB and EOL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate V. surinamensis as possible herbal medicine in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita A da Anunciação
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela G A Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
| | - Emilly J S P de Lima
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, 690065-130, Brazil.
| | - Valdenizia R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
| | - Luciano de S Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
| | - Milena B P Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil; Department of Clinical Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, 40301-155, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa A Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil; Department of Clinical Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, 40301-155, Brazil.
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - Felipe M A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, 690065-130, Brazil.
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
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Abstract
This study aims to assess the chemical compositions of the essential oils from three Horsfieldia species namely H. fulva Warb., H. sucosa Warb. and H. superba Warb., which are found in Malaysia. The essential oils were derived from the samples through hydrodistillation which were then characterised by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the findings, the H. fulva, H. sucosa and H. superba essential oils represented 98.2%, 98.7% and 98.5% of the total oils, respectively. The major component of H. fulva oil was identified to be germacrene D (20.8%), H. sucosa oil mainly contained α-cadinol (17.5%), whereas H. superba oil was rich in δ-cadinene (18.2%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition of the essential oils from these selected Horsfieldia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Natasa Mohd Shakri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Khamis
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, USA
| | - Muhammad Helmi Nadri
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
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Binelli G, Montaigne W, Sabatier D, Scotti‐Saintagne C, Scotti I. Discrepancies between genetic and ecological divergence patterns suggest a complex biogeographic history in a Neotropical genus. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4726-4738. [PMID: 32551056 PMCID: PMC7297752 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic patterns and the underlying speciation processes can be deduced from morphological, functional, and ecological patterns of species similarity and divergence. In some cases, though, species retain multiple similarities and remain almost indistinguishable; in other cases, evolutionary convergence can make such patterns misleading; very often in such cases, the "true" picture only emerges from carefully built molecular phylogenies, which may come with major surprises. In addition, closely related species may experience gene flow after divergence, thus potentially blurring species delimitation. By means of advanced inferential methods, we studied molecular divergence between species of the Virola genus (Myristicaceae): widespread Virola michelii and recently described, endemic V. kwatae, using widespread V. surinamensis as a more distantly related outgroup with different ecology and morphology-although with overlapping range. Contrary to expectations, we found that the latter, and not V. michelii, was sister to V. kwatae. Therefore, V. kwatae probably diverged from V. surinamensis through a recent morphological and ecological shift, which brought it close to distantly related V. michelii. Through the modeling of the divergence process, we inferred that gene flow between V. surinamensis and V. kwatae stopped soon after their divergence and resumed later, in a classical secondary contact event which did not erase their ecological and morphological differences. While we cannot exclude that initial divergence occurred in allopatry, current species distribution and the absence of geographical barriers make complete isolation during speciation unlikely. We tentatively conclude that (a) it is possible that divergence occurred in allopatry/parapatry and (b) secondary contact did not suppress divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Montaigne
- UMR EcoFoGUniversité des Antilles et de la GuyaneKourouFrench Guiana
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAPIRDCIRADCNRSINRAEUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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Salleh WMNHW, Anuar MZA, Khamis S, Nafiah MA, Sul'ain MD. Chemical investigation and biological activities of the essential oil of Knema kunstleri Warb. from Malaysia. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2279-2284. [PMID: 31544509 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1669027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Knema kunstleri Warb. (Myristicaceae) was investigated for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 36 components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 91.7% of the total oil. The essential oil is composed mainly of β-caryophyllene (23.2%), bicyclogermacrene (9.6%), δ-cadinene (7.3%), α-humulene (5.7%), and germacrene D (4.3%). The essential oil showed moderate activity towards DPPH free-radical scavenging and lipoxygenase inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition and bioactivities of the essential oil report concerning the genus Knema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Zul Afiq Anuar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Khamis
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azlan Nafiah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Tanjong Malim, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Dasuki Sul'ain
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Martins ER, Díaz IEC, Paciencia MLB, Fana SA, Morais D, Eberlin MN, Silva JS, Silveira ER, Barros MP, Suffredini IB. Interference of Seasonal Variation on the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Iryanthera polyneura in the Amazon Rain Forest. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900374. [PMID: 31441194 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) obtained from the leaves of Iryanthera polyneura Ducke trees was chemically Assessed and tested for the ability of inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis. The oil was also tested against breast (MCF-7) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and 50 % inhibition concentrations (IC50 ) values were obtained. EOs were active against Gram-positive bacteria. Spathulenol, α-cadinol and τ-muurolol were major components of EOs. The oils showed a higher cytotoxicity against PC-3 than MCF-7 cells, although the oils were active against both cell types. Oils obtained from leaves collected in the dry season were more active against E. faecalis, S. aureus and PC-3, while the oils obtained from leaves collected in the rainy season were more active against S. mutans, S. sanguinis and MCF-7. The antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils from the leaves of I. polyneura are related to the seasonal climate variation and are influenced by compounds that are minor components of the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Martins
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Ingrit E C Díaz
- Chemistry Engineer Department, Chemistry and Textile Engineer Faculty, Engineer National University, Av. Tupac Amaru, 290, Rimac Apartado, 1301, Lima, Peru
| | - Mateus L B Paciencia
- Center for Research in Biodiversity, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP 01310-100, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Fana
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil.,Center for Research in Biodiversity, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP 01310-100, Brazil
| | - Damila Morais
- ThomSon Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de Campinas - UNICAMP, Caixa Postal, 6154, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, R. Consolação, 930, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Jefferson S Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil.,Center for Research in Biodiversity, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP 01310-100, Brazil
| | - Elielson R Silveira
- Biological Sciences Course, Paulista University, R. Vergueiro, 1211, São Paulo, SP 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Barros
- Biological Sciences Course, Paulista University, R. Vergueiro, 1211, São Paulo, SP 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Ivana B Suffredini
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, R. Dr. Bacelar, 1212, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil.,Center for Research in Biodiversity, Paulista University, Av. Paulista, 900, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP 01310-100, Brazil
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Vanden Abeele S, Hardy OJ, Janssens SB. Isolation of microsatellite loci in the African tree species Staudtia kamerunensis ( Myristicaceae) using high-throughput sequencing. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1539-1544. [PMID: 30073590 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Staudtia kamerunensis (Myristicaceae) or 'Niové' is an evergreen tree widespread in Central African moist forests. The bark and seeds are used in traditional medicine, yet the tree is mainly harvested for its high quality, multi-purpose timber. To facilitate sustainable harvesting and conservation of the species, we aim to develop microsatellite markers that can be used to study the mating system, gene flow, genetic diversity and population structure. Genomic DNA of S. kamerunensis was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform, generating 195,720 paired-end reads with 3671 sequences containing microsatellites. Amplification tests resulted in the development of 16 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci of which 14 were tested in 183 individuals of S. kamerunensis from three populations. The number of detected alleles per locus ranged from 15 to 39 and the average observed and expected heterozygosity across loci and populations were Ho = 0.713 (0.14-0.97) and He = 0.879 (0.19-0.95) respectively. The high levels of polymorphism observed in the newly developed microsatellite markers demonstrate their usefulness to study gene flow, population structure and spatial distribution of genetic diversity in S. kamerunensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vanden Abeele
- Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium. .,Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Smith JR, Queenborough SA, Alvia P, Romero-Saltos H, Valencia R. No strong evidence for increasing liana abundance in the Myristicaceae of a Neotropical aseasonal rain forest. Ecology 2017; 98:456-466. [PMID: 27859035 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The "liana dominance hypothesis" posits that lianas are increasing in abundance in tropical forests, thereby potentially reducing tree biomass due to competitive interactions between trees and lianas. This scenario has implications not only for forest ecosystem function and species composition, but also climate change given the mass of carbon stored in tropical trees. In 2003 and 2013, all Myristicaceae trees in the 50-ha Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot, Ecuador, were surveyed for liana presence and load in their crowns. We tested the hypothesis that the proportion of trees with lianas increased between 2003 and 2013 in line with the liana dominance hypothesis. Contrary to expectations, the total proportion of trees with lianas decreased from 35% to 32%, and when only trees ≥10 cm diameter at breast height were considered liana incidence increased 44-48%. Liana load was dynamic with a large proportion of trees losing or gaining lianas over the 10-yr period; large trees with intermediate liana loads increased in proportion at the expense of those with low and high loads. Lianas also impacted performance: trees with 26-75% crown cover by lianas in 2003 had reduced growth rates of 80% compared to of liana-free trees, and trees with >75% crown cover had 33% the growth rate and a log odds of mortality eight times that of liana-free trees. We suggest that the lack of strong support found for the liana dominance hypothesis is likely due to the aseasonal climate of Yasuní, which limits the competitive advantage lianas maintain over trees during dry seasons due to their efficient capture and use of water. We propose further research of long-term liana dynamics from aseasonal forests is required to determine the generality of the increasing liana dominance hypothesis in Neotropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Smith
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Simon A Queenborough
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, 300 Aronoff Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Pablo Alvia
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Apartado 17-01-2184, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Renato Valencia
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Apartado 17-01-2184, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076, Quito, Ecuador
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Krishna S, Somanathan H. Spatiotemporal strategies that facilitate recruitment in a habitat specialist tree species. AoB Plants 2016; 8:plw033. [PMID: 27179540 PMCID: PMC4940510 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of processes underlying plant recruitment emerges from species and habitats that are widely distributed at regional and global scales. However, the applicability of dispersal-recruitment models and the role of dispersal limitation versus microsite limitation have not been examined for specialized habitats. In patchy, freshwater Myristica swamp forests (Western Ghats, India), we examine the roles of primary seed dispersal, secondary seed removal and microsite suitability for the establishment of a swamp specialist tree, Myristica fatua We estimated primary seed shadows, performed secondary removal experiments and enumerated recruits in swamp sites. Steady-state fruiting was observed with the extended production (>7 months) of small numbers of fruits. Frugivores dropped most of the large and heavy seeds under parent crowns, while a few seeds were transported over short distances by hornbills. Seed placement experiments indicated that removal, germination and establishment were similar within swamp microsites, while seeds failed to survive in matrix habitats surrounding the swamp. Crabs, which were major secondary removers of M. fatua, did not alter the initial seed dispersal patterns substantially, which led to the retention of seeds within the swamp. Distribution of saplings and adults from previous seasons also suggest that dispersal-recruitment dynamics in the swamp specialist M. fatua did not strictly follow predictions of Janzen-Connell model while abiotic effects were significant. Large seeds, steady-state fruiting and small crop sizes may be significant selective forces facilitating escape from density and distance-dependent effects in space and time in specialist plant species such as M. fatua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Krishna
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
| | - Hema Somanathan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, India
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20
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Sivasothy Y, Krishnan T, Chan KG, Abdul Wahab SM, Othman MA, Litaudon M, Awang K. Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Activity of Giganteone A from Myristica cinnamomea King against Escherichia coli Biosensors. Molecules 2016; 21:391. [PMID: 27102164 PMCID: PMC6273857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malabaricones A-C (1-3) and giganteone A (4) were isolated from the bark of Myristica cinnamomea King. Their structures were elucidated and characterized by means of NMR and MS spectral analyses. These isolates were evaluated for their anti-quorum sensing activity using quorum sensing biosensors, namely Escherichia coli [pSB401] and Escherichia coli [pSB1075], whereby the potential of giganteone A (4) as a suitable anti-quorum sensing agent was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasodha Sivasothy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Thiba Krishnan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Mariam Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Muhamad Aqmal Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France.
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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21
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Sivasothy Y, Loo KY, Leong KH, Litaudon M, Awang K. A potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Myristica cinnamomea King. Phytochemistry 2016; 122:265-269. [PMID: 26712615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A dimeric acylphenol and a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, giganteone D (IC50 5.05μM), was isolated and characterized from the bark of Myristica cinnamomea King. The bark also yielded an acylphenol with an unprecedented skeleton for which the name cinnamomeone A (IC50 358.80μM) was proposed. Their structures were established by means of NMR and MS spectrometric analyses. The Lineweaver-Burk plot of giganteone D indicated that it was a mixed-type inhibitor. This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibiting potential of acylphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasodha Sivasothy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kong Yong Loo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wu N, Xu W, Cao GY, Yang YF, Yang XB, Yang XW. The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Lignans and Malabaricones from the Seeds of Myristica fragrans in the MDCK-pHaMDR Cell Monolayer Model. Molecules 2016; 21:134. [PMID: 26805808 PMCID: PMC6274353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of twelve lignans and three phenolic malabaricones from the seeds of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) were studied with the MDCK-pHaMDR cell monolayer model. The samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated. Among the fifteen test compounds, benzonfuran-type, dibenzylbutane-type and arylnaphthalene-type lignans showed poor to moderate permeabilities with Papp values at 10−8–10−6 cm/s; those of 8-O-4′-neolignan and tetrahydrofuran-lignan were at 10−6–10−5 cm/s, meaning that their permeabilities are moderate to high; the permeabilities of malabaricones were poor as their Papp values were at 10−8–10−7 cm/s. To 5-methoxy-dehydrodiisoeugenol (2), erythro-2-(4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-propan-1-ol acetate (6), verrucosin (8), and nectandrin B (9), an efflux way was involved and the main transporter for 6, 8 and 9 was demonstrated to be P-glycoprotein. The time and concentration dependency experiments indicated the main transport mechanism for neolignans dehydrodiisoeugenol (1), myrislignan (7) and 8 was passive diffusion. This study summarized the relationship between the BBB permeability and structure parameters of the test compounds, which could be used to preliminarily predict the transport of a compound through BBB. The results provide a significant molecular basis for better understanding the potential central nervous system effects of nutmeg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Gui-Yun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xin-Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Wei N, Dick CW, Lowe AJ, Gardner MG. Polymorphic microsatellite loci for Virola sebifera ( Myristicaceae) derived from shotgun 454 pyrosequencing. Appl Plant Sci 2013; 1:apps1200295. [PMID: 25202530 PMCID: PMC4105287 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterized in the dioecious neotropical rainforest tree Virola sebifera. The markers will be used to study ecological and genetic impacts of hunting and landscape change in this vertebrate-dispersed, insect-pollinated tree species. METHODS AND RESULTS Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened from genomic libraries of South American V. sebifera obtained by shotgun 454 pyrosequencing. Primer pairs were tested on Panamanian samples (N = 42). Approximately 52% of the 61 tested SSR markers amplified, and 16% were polymorphic. Ten selected polymorphic SSR loci contained seven to 15 alleles per locus, and polymorphic information content averaged 0.694. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.465 to 0.905, and expected heterozygosity was between 0.477 and 0.876. CONCLUSIONS The 10 polymorphic loci will be useful in studying gene flow and genetic structure at local and regional spatial scales in V. sebifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 USA
| | - Christopher W. Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Science and Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Science Resource Centre, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardner
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Earth and Environmental Science and Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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