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Mai VH, Ponce-Zea JE, Doan TP, Vu QH, Ryu B, Lee CH, Oh WK. Chalcone-Monoterpene Derivatives from the Buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus and Their Potential as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 39046805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Four new compounds, racemic chalcone-monoterpene hybrids (1-3) and a chalcone (9), along with nine known compounds (4-8, 10-13), have been isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified through NMR data analysis and confirmed by computational methods, including electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and further synthetic approaches. Compounds 1-5 were synthesized via a Diels-Alder reaction, a process informed by biomimetic condensation studies that combined chalcones and monoterpenes. These synthetic approaches also yielded various unnatural chalcone-monoterpene derivatives (14-23). The inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) of both naturally isolated and synthetically obtained compounds were evaluated. Compounds 4, 9, 13, and 16b exhibited potent PTP1B inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 3.9 ± 0.7 μM. The enantiomers (+)-4 and (-)-16b showed enhanced activity compared to their respective enantiomers. Kinetic studies indicate that all active compounds inhibit PTP1B through mixed mechanisms, and molecular docking simulations agree with the experimental assays on PTP1B. Our results suggest that chalcone-meroterpene adducts from the buds of C. operculatus exhibit potential as antidiabetic agents, partly due to their PTP1B enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hieu Mai
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Eduardo Ponce-Zea
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Phuong Doan
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Quang Huy Vu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Xiang J, Mlambo R, Shaw I, Seid Y, Shah H, He Y, Kpegah JKSK, Tan S, Zhou W, He B. Cryopreservation of bioflavonoid-rich plant sources and bioflavonoid-microcapsules: emerging technologies for preserving bioactivity and enhancing nutraceutical applications. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1232129. [PMID: 37781117 PMCID: PMC10538722 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1232129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioflavonoids are natural polyphenolic secondary metabolites that are medicinal. These compounds possess antitumor, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-psoriasis properties to mention a few. Plant species that contain bioflavonoids should be preserved as such. Also, the bioactivity of the bioflavonoids as neutraceutical compounds is compromised following extraction due to their sensitivity to environmental factors like light, pH, and temperature. In other words, the bioflavonoids' shelf-life is affected. Scientists noticed that bioflavonoids have low solubility properties, poor absorption, and low bioavailability following consumption. Researchers came up with methods to encapsulate bioflavonoids in order to circumvent the challenges above and also to mask the unpleasant order these chemicals may have. Besides, scientists cryopreserve plant species that contain bioflavonoids. In this review, we discuss cryopreservation and bioflavonoid microencapsulation focusing mainly on vitrification, slow freezing, and freeze-drying microencapsulation techniques. In addition, we highlight bioflavonoid extraction techniques, medicinal properties, challenges, and future perspectives of cryopreservation and microencapsulation of bioflavonoids. Regardless of the uniqueness of cryopreservation and microencapsulation as methods to preserve bioflavonoid sources and bioflavonoids' bioactivity, there are challenges reported. Freeze-drying technology is costly. Cryoprotectants damage the integrity of plant cells, to say the least. Researchers are working very hard to overcome these challenges. Encapsulating bioflavonoids via coaxial electrospray and then cryopreserving the micro/nanocapsules produced can be very interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiang
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ronald Mlambo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yimer Seid
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hamid Shah
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongju He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Julius K S K Kpegah
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
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Nor I, Wirasutisna KR, Hartati R, Insanu M. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of avicularin and 4-O-methyl gallic acid isolated from Syzygium myrtifolium leaves. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101677. [PMID: 37448844 PMCID: PMC10336581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is the main cause of death on a global scale. In 2019, there were 463 million people with diabetes, and WHO predicts that by 2030, there will be 578 million. As an antidiabetic agent, α-glucosidase inhibitors are one of the methods employed to reduce the prevalence of diabetes. Diabetes is traditionally treated with Syzygium as a primary material, medicine, fruit, ornamental plant, and source of carpentry. This investigation aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of seven species of Syzygium against α-glucosidase enzyme using an in vitro assay and isolate active substances and ascertain their concentrations in each sample. As a solvent, ethanol was used in maceration to extract the substance. Afterward, the extract underwent a series of fractionation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction, vacuum liquid chromatography, column chromatography, and preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for purification and isolation. The compound's structures were elucidated using TLC, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Based on concentrations of 100 and 200 µg/mL, Syzygium myrtifolium exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect, followed by other species of Syzygium. The proportion of ethyl acetate had the strongest activity (IC50 0.40 ± 0.02 µg/mL) contrasted to positive control acarbose (IC50 55.39 ± 0.67 g/mL) and quercitrin (IC50 6.47 ± 0.40 µg/mL). Avicularin and 4-O-methyl gallic acid were discovered in the ethyl acetate fraction of Syzygium myrtifolium with IC50 values of 17.05 ± 0.75 µg/mL and 25.19 ± 0.21 µg/mL, respectively. As α-glucosidase inhibitory, the results of this study indicate Syzygium myrtifolium can be used as a dietary supplement to manage hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islan Nor
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Komar Ruslan Wirasutisna
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rika Hartati
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Insanu
- Departement of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activities of the leaf extracts of Syzygium myrtifolium. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:317-328. [PMID: 36651512 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the leaf extracts of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. (Myrtaceae). The results indicate that the leaf extracts of S. myrtifolium contain various classes of phytochemicals (alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids) and possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. Ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water extracts exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power than the hexane and chloroform extracts. However, all extracts exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against four tested species of yeasts (minimal inhibitory concentration: 0.02-0.31 mg mL-1) than against six tested species of bacteria (minimal inhibitory concentration: 0.16-1.25 mg mL-1). The ethanolic extract offered the highest protection of Vero cells (viability > 70 %) from the cytopathic effect caused by the Chikungunya virus while the ethyl acetate extract showed significant replication inhibitory activity against the virus (p < 0.001) using the replicon-enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter system.
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Uddin ABMN, Hossain F, Reza ASMA, Nasrin MS, Alam AHMK. Traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical constituents of the genus Syzygium: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1789-1819. [PMID: 35702283 PMCID: PMC9179155 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Syzygium comprises 1200–1800 species that belong to the family of Myrtaceae. Moreover, plants that are belonged to this genus are being used in the traditional system of medicine in Asian countries, especially in China, India, and Bangladesh. The aim of this review is to describe the scientific works and to provide organized information on the available traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of mostly available species of the genus Syzygium in Bangladesh. The information related to genus Syzygium was analytically composed from the scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Springer, Research Gate link, published books, and conference proceedings. Bioactive compounds such as flavanone derivatives, ellagic acid derivatives and other polyphenolics, and terpenoids are reported from several species of the genus Syzygium. However, many members of the species of the genus Syzygium need further comprehensive studies regarding phytochemical constituents and mechanism‐based pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B M Neshar Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North South University Dhaka Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science and Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh
| | - Farhad Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science and Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh
| | - Mst Samima Nasrin
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science and Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh
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Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A large common species, Syzygium aqueum, belonging to the genus Syzygium possesses numerous bioactive phytochemical constituents. Moreover, the different parts of this species have been used as folk medicine since centuries ago. In this study, a phytochemical exploration was carried out on the plant’s stem bark. Isolation of the compounds was carried out through the extraction step with some organic solvents, followed by separation and purification using chromatography techniques until the two triterpenoids were isolated from nonpolar and semipolar extracts. Structure elucidation was done using spectroscopic methods. These compounds were identified as alphitolic acid and arjunolic acid. Subsequently, these two compounds were used in anticancer tests against human cancer cells HeLa, T47D, and A549 using colorimetric assay. The result showed that both compounds showed more inhibition of the growth of HeLa and T47D than A549 cancer cells, with the highest activity shown by arjunolic acid against HeLa cell lines.
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Bailly C, Vergoten G. Mechanistic insights into dimethyl cardamonin-mediated pharmacological effects: A double control of the AMPK-HMGB1 signaling axis. Life Sci 2020; 263:118601. [PMID: 33086122 PMCID: PMC7568849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl cardamonin (DMC) has been isolated from diverse plants, notably from Cleistocalyx operculatus. We have reviewed the pharmacological properties of this natural product which displays anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cancer properties. The pharmacological activities essentially derive from the capacity of DMC to interact with the protein targets HMGB1 and AMPK. Upon binding to HMGB1, DMC inhibits the nucleocytoplasmic transfer of the protein and its extracellular secretion, thereby blocking its alarmin function. DMC also binds to the AMP site of AMPK to activate phospho-AMPK and then to trigger downstream signals leading to the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic effects. AMPK activation by DMC reinforces inhibition of HMGB1, to further reduce the release of the alarmin protein, likely contributing to the anticancer effects. The characterization of a tight control of DMC over the AMPK-HMGB1 axis not only helps to explain the known activities of DMC but also suggests opportunities to use this chalcone to treat other pathological conditions such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (which affects patients with COVID-19). DMC structural analogues are also evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- University of Lille, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, ICPAL, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, F-59006 Lille, France
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Aung EE, Kristanti AN, Aminah NS, Takaya Y, Ramadhan R. Plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium genus: A review. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis article attempts to report native growth, plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium aqueum, S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. guineense and S. samarangense. Those are the large public species in the Syzygium genus and some of them have been used as traditional medicines. Different parts (leaves, seeds, fruits, barks, stem barks and flower buds) of each species plant are rich in phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and phenolics. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, toxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic activities are reported in various extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) from different parts of Syzygium sp. The bioactivities were studied by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays for antioxidant, 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoly)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays for anticancer, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays for antidiabetic, agar well diffusion method for antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay for toxicity. Moreover, this review shows that phytochemical constituents of each species significantly presented various bioactivities. Therefore, this review suggests that there is great potential for obtaining the lead drug from these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Ei Aung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Yadanarbon University, Amarapura Township, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Alfinda Novi Kristanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nanik Siti Aminah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yoshiaki Takaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rico Ramadhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
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Cardamonin: A new player to fight cancer via multiple cancer signaling pathways. Life Sci 2020; 250:117591. [PMID: 32224026 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nature's pharmacy has undoubtedly served humans as an affordable and safer health-care regime for a long times. Cardamonin, a chalconoid present in several plants has been known for a longtime to have beneficial properties towards human health. In this review, we aimed to highlight the recent advances achieved in discovering the pharmacological properties of cardamonin. Cardamonin is cardamom-derived chalcone, which plays a role in cancer treatment, immune system modulation, inflammation and pathogens killing. Through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways, cardamonin activates cell death signal to induce apoptosis in malignant cells that results in the inhibition of cancer development. Moreover, cardamonin arrests cell cycle by altering the expression of regulatory proteins during malignant cells division. Due to its relatively selective cytotoxic potential against host malignant cells, cardamonin is emerging as a promising novel experimental anticancer agent. The potential of cardamonin to target various signaling molecules, transcriptional factors, cytokines and enzymes, such as mTOR, NF-κB, Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and COX-2 enhances the opportunity to explore it as a new multi-target therapeutic agent. The pharmacokinetic and biosafety profile of cardamonin favor it as a potentially safe biomolecule for pharmaceutical drug development.
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Slaihim MM, Al-Suede FSR, Khairuddean M, Khadeer Ahamed MB, Shah Abdul Majid AM. Synthesis, characterisation of new derivatives with mono ring system of 1,2,4-triazole scaffold and their anticancer activities. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zakaria II, Salin NH, Amanah A, Othman S, Khairuddin F, Khawory MH, Wahab RA, Rahaman MRA, Chern PP, Johari NA, Wahab H. Potential anti-viral compounds from Malaysian Plant Natural Product Repository and Database (MyNature50000) for DENV2. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1578184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hanim Salin
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Azimah Amanah
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Shatrah Othman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farahayu Khairuddin
- Protein Expression and Purification Unit, Malaysia Genome Institute, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hidhir Khawory
- Natural Product and Drug Discovery Centre, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Pua Pei Chern
- Faculty of Biotechnology, International Manipal University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azfa Johari
- Protein Expression and Purification Unit, Malaysia Genome Institute, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
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Abubakar BM, Salleh FM, Shamsir Omar MS, Wagiran A. Assessing product adulteration of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) herbal medicinal product using DNA barcoding and HPLC analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:368-377. [PMID: 30058427 PMCID: PMC6130542 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1479869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) commonly known as Tongkat Ali is one of the most important plants in Malaysia. The plant extracts (particularly roots) are widely used for the treatment of cough and fever besides having antimalarial, antidiabetic, anticancer and aphrodisiac activities. OBJECTIVES This study assesses the extent of adulteration of E. longifolia herbal medicinal products (HMPs) using DNA barcoding validated by HPLC analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chloroplastic rbcL and nuclear ITS2 barcode regions were used in the present study. The sequences generated from E. longifolia HMPs were compared to sequences in the GenBank using MEGABLAST to verify their taxonomic identity. These results were verified by neighbor-joining tree analysis in which branches of unknown specimen are compared to the reference sequences established from this study and other retrieved from the GenBank. The HMPs were also analysed using HPLC analysis for the presence of eurycomanone bioactive marker. RESULTS Identification using DNA barcoding revealed that 37% of the tested HMPs were authentic while 27% were adulterated with the ITS2 barcode region proven to be the ideal marker. The validation of the authenticity using HPLC analysis showed a situation in which a species which was identified as authentic was found not to contain the expected chemical compound. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS DNA barcoding should be used as the first screening step for testing of HMPs raw materials. However, integration of DNA barcoding with HPLC analysis will help to provide detailed knowledge about the safety and efficacy of the HMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Mohammed Abubakar
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauchi State University Gadau, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Faezah Mohd Salleh
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir Omar
- Department of Biosciences & Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alina Wagiran
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Sit NW, Chan YS, Lai SC, Lim LN, Looi GT, Tay PL, Tee YT, Woon YY, Khoo KS, Ong HC. In vitro antidermatophytic activity and cytotoxicity of extracts derived from medicinal plants and marine algae. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:561-567. [PMID: 30060991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the antidermatophytic activity of 48 extracts obtained from medicinal plants (Cibotium barometz, Melastoma malabathricum, Meuhlenbeckia platyclada, Rhapis excelsa, Syzygium myrtifolium, Vernonia amygdalina) and marine algae (Caulerpa sertularioides, Kappaphycus alvarezii) against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale (ATCC reference strains), and the cytotoxicity using African monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. Active plant extracts were screened for the presence of phytochemicals and tested against clinical isolates of Trichophyton tonsurans. METHODS Six different extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water) were obtained from each plant or algae sample using sequential solvent extraction. The antidermatophytic activity for the extracts was assessed using a colourimetric broth microdilution method. The viability of Vero cells was measured by Neutral Red uptake assay. RESULTS All the extracts (except the water extracts of V. amygdalina, C. sertularioides and K. alvarezii) showed antidermatophytic activity against Trichophyton spp. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranges for the plant extracts against T. rubrum and T. interdigitale are 0.0025-2.50 and 0.005-2.50mg/mL, respectively. The algae extracts exhibited lower potency against both species, showing MFC ranges of 0.08-2.50 and 0.31-2.50mg/mL, respectively. The ethanol and methanol extracts from the leaves of R. excelsa, and the methanol and water extracts from the leaves of S. myrtifolium were highly active (MFC<0.1mg/mL) and with high selectivity indices (SI>2.8) against reference strains of T. rubrum and T. interdigitale, and most of the clinical isolates of T. tonsurans. Phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics and triterpenoids in the extracts. CONCLUSIONS The medicinal plant extracts exhibited stronger antidermatophytic activity compared to the algae extracts. The leaves of R. excelsa and S. myrtifolium are potential sources of new antidermatophytic agents against Trichophyton spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Sit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Y S Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - S C Lai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - L N Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - G T Looi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - P L Tay
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Y T Tee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Y Y Woon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - K S Khoo
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - H C Ong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Techniques for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:6-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Memon AH, Hamil MSR, Laghari M, Rithwan F, Zhari S, Saeed MAA, Ismail Z, Majid AMSA. A comparative study of conventional and supercritical fluid extraction methods for the recovery of secondary metabolites from Syzygium campanulatum Korth. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:683-982. [PMID: 27604860 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium campanulatum Korth is a plant, which is a rich source of secondary metabolites (especially flavanones, chalcone, and triterpenoids). In our present study, three conventional solvent extraction (CSE) techniques and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) techniques were performed to achieve a maximum recovery of two flavanones, chalcone, and two triterpenoids from S. campanulatum leaves. Furthermore, a Box-Behnken design was constructed for the SFE technique using pressure, temperature, and particle size as independent variables, and yields of crude extract, individual and total secondary metabolites as the dependent variables. In the CSE procedure, twenty extracts were produced using ten different solvents and three techniques (maceration, soxhletion, and reflux). An enriched extract of five secondary metabolites was collected using n-hexane:methanol (1:1) soxhletion. Using food-grade ethanol as a modifier, the SFE methods produced a higher recovery (25.5%‒84.9%) of selected secondary metabolites as compared to the CSE techniques (0.92%‒66.00%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hakeem Memon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Shahrul Ridzuan Hamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Madeeha Laghari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fahim Rithwan
- Center of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research (Ibnu Sina ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Salman Zhari
- Center of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research (Ibnu Sina ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Ali Ahmed Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zhari Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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