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Jang S, Lee A, Hwang YH. Chemical Profile Determination and Quantitative Analysis of Components in Oryeong-san Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:3685. [PMID: 37175095 PMCID: PMC10180092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a method to both qualitatively and quantitively analyze the components of Oryeong-san (ORS), which is composed of five herbal medicines (Alisma orientale Juzepzuk, Polyporus umbellatus Fries, Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi, Poria cocos Wolf, and Cinnamomum cassia Presl) and is prescribed in traditional Oriental medicine practices, was established for the first time. First, ORS components were profiled using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and 19 compounds were clearly identified via comparison against reference standard compounds. Subsequently, a quantitative method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was established to simultaneously measure the identified compounds. Nineteen compounds were accurately quantified using the multiple-reaction-monitoring mode and used to analyze the sample; we confirmed that coumarin was the most abundant compound. The method was validated, achieving good linearity (R2 ≤ 0.9991), recovery (RSD, 0.11-3.15%), and precision (RSD, 0.35-9.44%). The results suggest that this method offers a strategy for accurately and effectively determining the components of ORS, and it can be used for quality assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Ami Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (A.L.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM School, University of Science & Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (A.L.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM School, University of Science & Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Xie T, Ding Q, Feng S, Liu Z, Shi Y. Antioxidant mechanism of modified Qiongyu paste against aging based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Analysis of Eleven Components for Quality Control of Geumgwesingihwan Using HPLC–DAD and UPLC–MS/MS. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Geumgwesingihwan (GGSGH) is an oriental herbal formula made by adding Achyranthes bidentate Blume and Plantago asiatica L. to Yukmijiwhanghwan. It has been used for the treatment of edema since ancient times. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a method for simultaneous quantification of 11 components: gallic acid (1), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (2), geniposidic acid (3), morroniside (4), loganin (5), paeoniflorin (6), acteoside (7), cornuside (8), benzoic acid (9), benzoylpaeoniflorin (10), and paeonol (11), using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Compounds 1–11 were separated on a Capcell Pak UG 80 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase of a distilled water–acetonitrile system, both containing 0.1% formic acid. In UPLC–MS/MS, compounds 1–11 were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) using a mobile phase of a distilled water–acetonitrile system containing 1.0% acetic acid. Using these methods, samples of GGSGH were determined to contain 0.13–2.87 mg/g (HPLC–DAD) and not detected–4.60 mg/g (UPLC–MS/MS) of compounds 1–11. The developed HPLC–DAD assays for simultaneous determination of all analytes were validated with respect to linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. The established HPLC assay will be used to obtain basic data for quality evaluation of GGSGH and related oriental herbal formulas.
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Simultaneous Determination of Fourteen Marker Compounds in the Traditional Herbal Prescription, Geumgwesingihwan, Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123890. [PMID: 35745012 PMCID: PMC9227478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Geumgwesingihwan (GSH) is a traditional herbal prescription composed of eight medicinal herbs: Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Dioscorea japonica Thunb., Cornus officinalis Siebold and Zucc., Poria cocos Wolf, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale (Sam.) Sam., Achyranthes bidentate Blume, and Plantago asiatica L. This study developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for simultaneous determination of 14 compounds (allantoin, gallic acid, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, geniposidic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, loganin, geniposide, paeoniflorin, ecdysterone, verbascoside, cornuside, benzoylpaeoniflorin, paeonol, and alisol B acetate) in GSH. The chromatographic separation of all marker analytes was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) using gradient elution of a mobile phase of distilled water–acetonitrile containing 0.1% acetic acid. The newly established UPLC–MS/MS MRM method was validated by evaluating the linearity, the limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. All markers were detected at concentrations of 6.94–4126.28 mg/kg. In addition, the recovery was 76.65–119.49% and the relative standard deviation value of the precision was 0.19–9.91%. The newly developed and validated UPLC–MS/MS assay will provide useful information for quality assessment of GSH.
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Li L, Zuo ZT, Wang YZ. The Traditional Usages, Chemical Components and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:389-440. [PMID: 35300566 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As an endemic species,Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is widely distributed, such as in China, Korea, Japan, and North America, which have had a dual-purpose resource for medicines and food for over 2000 years. The applications of W. cocos were used to treat diseases including edema, insomnia, spleen deficiency, and vomiting. What's more, there have been wide uses of such edible fungi as a function food or dietary supplement recently. Up until now, 166 kinds of chemical components have been isolated and identified from W. cocos including triterpenes, polysaccharides, sterols, diterpenes, and others. Modern pharmacological studies showed that the components hold a wide range of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and antidepressant activities. In addition, present results showed that the mechanisms of pharmacological activities were closely related to chemical structures, molecular signaling paths and the expression of relate proteins for polysaccharides and triterpenes. For further in-depth studies on this fungus based on the recent research status, this review provided some perspectives and systematic summaries of W. cocos in traditional uses, chemical components, pharmacological activities, separation and analysis technologies, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
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Seo CS, Shin HK. Simultaneous Analysis for Quality Control of Traditional Herbal Medicine, Gungha-Tang, Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041223. [PMID: 35209013 PMCID: PMC8877009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gungha-tang (GHT), a traditional herbal medicine, consists of nine medicinal herbs (Cnidii Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber, Poria Sclerotium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Atracylodis Rhizoma Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). It has been used for various diseases caused by phlegm. This study aimed to develop and verify the simultaneous liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis method, using nine marker components (liquiritin apioside, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, and 6-shogaol) for quality control of GHT. LC–MS/MS analysis was conducted using a Waters TQ-XS system. All marker analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution with a distilled water solution (containing 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% [v/v] formic acid)–acetonitrile mobile phase. LC–MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis was carried out in negative and positive ion modes of an electrospray ionization source. The developed LC–MS/MS MRM method was validated by examining the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. LOD and LOQ values of nine markers were calculated as 0.02–8.33 ng/mL and 0.05–25.00 ng/mL. The recovery was determined to be 89.00–118.08% and precision was assessed with a coefficient of variation value of 1.74–8.64%. In the established LC–MS/MS MRM method, all markers in GHT samples were detected at 0.003–16.157 mg/g. Information gathered during the development and verification of the LC–MS/MS method will be useful for the quality assessment of GHT and other herbal medicines.
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Yang Y, Li L, Li N, Li F, Fan W, He Y, Wang Z, Yang L. Rapid analysis of differential chemical compositions of Poria cocos using thin-layer chromatography spray ionization-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2022; 147:3072-3080. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple analytical strategy for determining the chemical composition of Poria cocos using thin-layer chromatography spray ionization-mass spectrometry (TLCSI-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Na Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yitian He
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y. Comparison of Geographical Traceability of Wild and Cultivated Macrohyporia cocos with Different Data Fusion Approaches. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:5818999. [PMID: 34336360 PMCID: PMC8321747 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5818999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poria originated from the dried sclerotium of Macrohyporia cocos is an edible traditional Chinese medicine with high economic value. Due to the significant difference in quality between wild and cultivated M. cocos, this study aimed to trace the origin of the fungus from the perspectives of wild and cultivation. In addition, there were quite limited studies about data fusion, a potential strategy, employed and discussed in the geographical traceability of M. cocos. Therefore, we traced the origin of M. cocos from the perspectives of wild and cultivation using multiple data fusion approaches. Supervised pattern recognition techniques, like partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest, were employed in this study using. Five types of data fusion involving low-, mid-, and high-level data fusion strategies were performed. Two feature extraction approaches including the selecting variables by a random forest-based method-Boruta algorithm and producing principal components by the dimension reduction technique of principal component analysis-were considered in data fusion. The results indicate the following: (1) The difference between wild and cultivated samples did exist in terms of the content analysis of vital chemical components and fingerprint analysis. (2) Wild samples need data fusion to realize the origin traceability, and the accuracy of the validation set was 95.24%. (3) Boruta outperformed principal component analysis (PCA) in feature extraction. (4) The mid-level Boruta PLS-DA model took full advantage of information synergy and showed the best performance. This study proved that both geographical traceability and optimal identification methods of cultivated and wild samples were different, and data fusion was a potential technique in the geographical identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, China
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Yunmei Wang
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
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Wang B, Feng X, Liu S, Qiu F, Lu X, Li Z. Comprehensive Quality Assessment of Kaixin Powder by HPLC-DAD Quantification and HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Confirmation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11319-11326. [PMID: 34056287 PMCID: PMC8153899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kaixin Powder (KXP) is a classic formula for treating morbid forgetfulness in ancient China. To guarantee the efficacy and safety of KXP, a simple and accurate HPLC-DAD method has been established and validated for the quantitative analysis of seven bioactive compounds in KXP. Dehydrotumulosic acid (DTU) and dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTR) were quantified in KXP for the first time. Good chromatographic separation was conducted on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution using mobile phases containing acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution at different detection wavelengths. The calibration curves of each compound showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9990), and the LOD and LOQ were in the ranges of 0.01-0.10 and 0.03-0.40 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the ranges of 0.45-1.74% and 0.56-2.32%, respectively. All recoveries were in the range of 93.6-105.5% with an RSD no more than 2.77%. These quantification results of seven compounds determined in the samples were further confirmed by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. This study provides a useful and simple method for analyzing the major bioactive compounds and improves the quality assessment research of KXP.
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Fang CL, Paul CR, Day CH, Chang RL, Kuo CH, Ho TJ, Hsieh DJY, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Poria cocos (Fuling) targets TGFβ/Smad7 associated collagen accumulation and enhances Nrf2-antioxidant mechanism to exert anti-skin aging effects in human dermal fibroblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:729-736. [PMID: 33336893 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cause of aging related skin injuries. Hydrogen peroxide related ROS accumulation triggers increase in matrix metalloproteinases and elevated collagen degradation, which is a characteristic of skin aging. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Poria cocos, used widely in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, against H2 O2 induced oxidative stress. The aqueous extract of dried P. cocos was obtained by heating 10 g in 500 ml of distilled water. The mixture was evaporated up to 400 ml and the remaining 100 ml was filtered through muslin cloth repeatedly to obtain a clear aqueous extract of the P. cocos. Hs68 human dermal fibroblast cells were challenged with 100 μM of H2 O2 for 24 h. Following H2 O2 challenge, the cells were treated with increasing concentration of P. cocos extract (100-400 μg/ml) for 24 h. P. cocos extract hindered the H2 O2 induced cell death significantly that was correlated with reduction in ROS accumulation. Western blot analysis show that P. cocos extract suppressed the expression of metallomatrix proteinases, inflammatory markers and skin aging markers, but increased TGF-β1 levels and antioxidant related proteins. These data suggest that P. cocos is effective in attenuating oxidative stress associated skin aging effects and may be a potential agent in cosmetics products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Fang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Catherine Reena Paul
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Cai H, Cheng Y, Zhu Q, Kong D, Chen X, Tamai I, Lu Y. Identification of Triterpene Acids in Poria cocos Extract as Bile Acid Uptake Transporter Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:353-360. [PMID: 33658229 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature reports that Poria cocos reduces blood lipid levels; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Blood lipid levels are closely related to the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, where uptake transporters playing a significant role. P. cocos extract is commonly used in traditional prescriptions and food supplements in China. We investigated the effects of P. cocos and its five triterpene acids on bile acid uptake transporters, including intestinal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and hepatic sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). Triterpene acids were fingerprinted by high-performance liquid chromatography-TripleTOF and quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effect of P. cocos and its five major representative triterpene acids on ASBT and NTCP was investigated by in vitro assays using Xenopus oocytes expressing ASBT and NTCP. P. cocos extract exhibited significant inhibitory effects with half-maximum inhibition constants of 5.89 µg/ml and 14.6 µg/ml for NTCP and ASBT, respectively. Among five triterpene acids, poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, and polyporenic acid C significantly inhibited NTCP function. Poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, and dehydrotumulosic acid significantly inhibited ASBT function. The representative triterpene acid, poricoic acid A, was identified as a competitive inhibitor of NTCP with an inhibitory constant of 63.4 ± 18.7 µM. In conclusion, our results indicate that both P. cocos extract and its major triterpenes are competitive inhibitors of ASBT and NTCP. Accordingly, it was suggested that competitive inhibition of these bile acid transporters is one of the underlying mechanisms for the hypolipidemic effect of P. cocos. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Poria cocos, a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and food supplement, demonstrates significantly inhibitory effects on the function of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. P. cocos has potential to reduce the blood lipid through inhibition of these uptake transporters in enterohepatic circulation of bile acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, China (H.C., Y.C., D.K., X.C., Y.L.) and Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Japan (H.C., Q.Z., I.T., Y.L.)
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, China (H.C., Y.C., D.K., X.C., Y.L.) and Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Japan (H.C., Q.Z., I.T., Y.L.)
| | - Qiunan Zhu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, China (H.C., Y.C., D.K., X.C., Y.L.) and Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Japan (H.C., Q.Z., I.T., Y.L.)
| | - Dexuan Kong
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, China (H.C., Y.C., D.K., X.C., Y.L.) and Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Japan (H.C., Q.Z., I.T., Y.L.)
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, China (H.C., Y.C., D.K., X.C., Y.L.) and Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Japan (H.C., Q.Z., I.T., Y.L.)
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, China (H.C., Y.C., D.K., X.C., Y.L.) and Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Japan (H.C., Q.Z., I.T., Y.L.)
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, China (H.C., Y.C., D.K., X.C., Y.L.) and Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Japan (H.C., Q.Z., I.T., Y.L.)
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Wang QQ, Huang HY, Wang YZ. FTIR and UV spectra for the prediction of triterpene acids in Macrohyporia cocos. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Nie A, Chao Y, Zhang X, Jia W, Zhou Z, Zhu C. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:505249. [PMID: 33071776 PMCID: PMC7533546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.505249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is the dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb., which was the current accepted name and was formerly known as Macrohyporia cocos (Schwein.) I. Johans. & Ryvarden, Pachyma cocos (Schwein.) Fr., Poria cocos F.A. Wolf and Sclerotium cocos Schwein. It is one of the most important crude drugs in traditional Chinese medicine, with a wide range of applications in ameliorating phlegm and edema, relieving nephrosis and chronic gastritis and improving uneasiness of minds. Its extensive pharmacological effects have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no systematic review focusing on the chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Poria cocos. Therefore, this review aimed to provide the latest information on the chemical compounds and pharmacological effects of Poria cocos, exploring the therapeutic potential of these compounds. We obtained the information of Poria cocos from electronic databases such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang DATA and Google Scholar. Up to now, two main active ingredients, triterpenes and polysaccharides of Poria cocos, have been identified from Poria cocos. It has been reported that they have pharmacological effects on anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and liver and kidney protection. The review summarizes the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Poria cocos, which suggest that researchers should focus on the development of new drugs about Poria cocos to make them exert greater therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzheng Nie
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Poria Cocos Ameliorates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051383. [PMID: 32408635 PMCID: PMC7284350 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deprivation in postmenopausal women causes disruption of bone homeostasis, resulting in bone loss and osteoporosis. Conventional therapies can exert adverse effects. The sclerotum of Poria cocos has been used in traditional medicine and as a nutritional supplement and to treat various diseases. However, the effects of P. cocos on the bone remain largely undetermined. In this study, we examined the effects of P. cocos hydroethanolic extract (PC) on osteoclast differentiation and estrogen-deprivation-induced bone loss in an ovariectomized mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. PC-mediated inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and resorption activity suppressed RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is a crucial transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation. In ovariectomized mice, PC markedly alleviated trabecular bone loss and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the bone marrow. We additionally identified ten triterpenoid constituents of PC using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Our results indicate that PC negatively regulated osteoclast differentiation and function, and can potentially be used to manage postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Inhibitory effect of a weight-loss Chinese herbal formula RCM-107 on pancreatic α-amylase activity: Enzymatic and in silico approaches. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231815. [PMID: 32348327 PMCID: PMC7190128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing carbohydrates digestion by having a low glycaemic index (GI) foods has been linked to weight loss. Inhibiting related enzymes is an alternative way to decrease carbohydrate digestion. RCM-107 (Slimming Plus), an eight-herb formula that is modified from RCM-104, indicated significant weight-loss action in clinical trials. However, no published research has studied its mechanism of action on reducing carbohydrate absorption via suppressing the activities of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA). In this paper, we used fluorescence PPA inhibition assay to investigate the inhibitory effects of RCM-107 and the individual herbs present in this herbal mixture on amylase activity. Subsequently, molecular docking predicted the key active compounds that may be responsible for the enzyme inhibition. According to our results, both the RCM-107 formula and several individual herbs displayed α-amylase inhibitory effects. Also, marginal synergistic effects of RCM-107 were detected. In addition, alisol B, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and plantagoside have been predicted as the key active compounds that may be responsible for the α-amylase inhibition effect of RCM-107 according to inter-residue contact analysis. Finally, Glu233, Gln63, His305, Asp300 and Tyr151 are predicted to be markers of important areas with which potential amylase inhibitors would interact. Therefore, our data has provided new knowledge on the mechanisms of action of the RCM-107 formula and its individual herbal ingredients for weight loss, in terms of decreasing carbohydrate digestion via the inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase.
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Li M, Hung A, Li H, Yang AWH. A Classic Herbal Formula Guizhi Fuling Wan for Menopausal Hot Flushes: From Experimental Findings to Clinical Applications. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030060. [PMID: 31426588 PMCID: PMC6783937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic herbal formula Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) has been used for managing menopausal hot flushes (MHFs), but the evidence across different study types has not been systematically summarized. This project investigated the clinical effects, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, and potential mechanisms of actions of GFW on the causative target proteins potentially driving MHFs. Twenty English and Chinese databases were searched for relevant clinical and experimental studies. A total of 12,988 studies were identified, of which 46 were included. Seven clinical studies demonstrated GFW had no statistically significant changes in the frequency and severity of MHFs; however, it could improve peripheral blood flow in the fingertips, jaw, and toes. Thirty-five studies on phytochemistry identified 169 chemical compounds of GFW. Four experimental studies revealed GFW's therapeutic effects (e.g., normalize calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] level) and potential target protein/cytokine (estrogen receptor beta [ESR2] with genetic variation, CGRP receptor, and interleukin-8) on MHFs. Therapeutic effects across different study types were inconsistent, possibly due to the dose difference and genotype variety of ESR2 in the human population. Further clinical and experimental studies, as well as biochemical investigation on the mechanisms of actions of GFW, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Li
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Hong Li
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Angela Wei Hong Yang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Zhang C, Fu D, Chen G, Guo M. Comparative and chemometric analysis of correlations between the chemical fingerprints and anti-proliferative activities of ganoderic acids from three Ganoderma species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:474-480. [PMID: 30932273 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigation on ganoderic acids (GAs) from different cultivars and origins of Ganoderma species, regarding to their composition, contents and bioactivities, will be of great importance for the development and quality control of Ganoderma-based healthcare products or drugs. OBJECTIVE Comparative and chemometric analysis of different Ganoderma species were conducted to reveal the correlations between their chemical fingerprints and anti-proliferative activities. METHODOLOGY Six Ganoderma samples with different origins and parts of fruiting body (pileus and stipe) were extracted with chloroform and enriched by a SPE-C18 cartridge. The eluents were used for high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/ESI-MS/MS) analysis and cytotoxicity assay with three cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, HT-29 and Hep G2). Chemometric analysis was applied to correlate their chemical compositions and corresponding bioactivities. RESULTS Sixteen peaks (accounting for 70% of the total peak areas) were identified as GAs, and their contents ranged from 0.368 to 10.8 μg/g in various Ganoderma species. The extracts from three Ganoderma species had significant anti-proliferative activities (inhibitory rates ranged from 70.8% to 80.7%), and extracts from Lurongzhi showed remarkable inhibition to all three cancer cells (inhibitory rates range from 81.6% to 92.1%). Finally, chemometric analysis revealed that 3,7,12-trihydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-11,15-dioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid and 12-acetoxy-15-hydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-3,7,11-trioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid were the two compounds with most potential anti-proliferative activity for SGC-7901. CONCLUSION The correlations between chemical fingerprints and anti-proliferative activities of various Ganoderma species give remarkable insight into the true bioactive components of chemical markers for the quality assessment of the Ganoderma resources, and provide a good guidance for the study on the chemical spectrum-bioactivity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zou YT, Long F, Wu CY, Zhou J, Zhang W, Xu JD, Zhang YQ, Li SL. A dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in Poria cocos by comparing predicted and acquired UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS data. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:292-310. [PMID: 30569602 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triterpene acids from the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (poria) were recently found to possess anti-cancer activities. Identification of more triterpene acid analogues in poria is worthwhile for high throughput screening in anti-cancer drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in poria based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). METHODOLOGY The structural characteristics and mass spectrometric data profiles of known triterpene acids previously reported in poria were used to establish a predicted-analogue database. Then, the quasi-molecular ions of components in a poria extract were automatically compared with those in the predicted-analogue database to highlight compounds of potential interest. Tentative structural identification of the compounds of potential interest and discrimination of isomers were achieved by assessing ion fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behaviour prediction based on structure-retention relationship. RESULTS A total of 62 triterpene acids were unequivocally or tentatively characterised from poria, among which 17 triterpene acids were tentatively identified for the first time in poria. CONCLUSION This study provided more structure information of triterpene acids in poria for future high throughput screening of anti-cancer candidates. It is suggested that this semi-automated approach in which MS data are automatically compared to a predictive database may also be applicable for efficient screening of other herbal medicines for structural analogues of proven bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Feng G, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Liu S, Pi Z, Song F, Liu Z. A targeted strategy for analyzing untargeted mass spectral data to identify lanostane–type triterpene acids in Poria cocos by integrating a scientific information system and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry combined with ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1033:87-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Correlation between Quality and Geographical Origins of Poria cocos Revealed by Qualitative Fingerprint Profiling and Quantitative Determination of Triterpenoid Acids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092200. [PMID: 30200284 PMCID: PMC6225149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PC) is a well-known saprophytic fungus, and its sclerotium without the epidermis (PCS) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a functional food in many countries. PCS is normally collected from multiple geographical regions, but whether and how the quality of PCS correlates with where it grows have not been determined. This correlation could be significant both for quality control and optimum utilization of PCS as a natural resource. In this study, a qualitative fingerprint profiling method performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) combining quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS/MS) and a quantitative UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS/MS) approach were established to investigate whether and how the quality of PCS correlates with its collection location. A standard fingerprint of PCS was generated by median simulation of 25 tested samples collected from four main producing areas of China, and similarity analysis was applied to evaluate the similarities between the fingerprints of samples and the standard fingerprint. Twenty three common peaks occurring in the fingerprint were unequivocally or tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA), supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to classify 25 batches of PCS samples into four groups, which were highly consistent with the four geographical regions. Ten compounds were screened out as potential markers to distinguish the quality of PCS. Nine triterpene acids, including five compounds that played important roles in the clusters between different samples collected from the four collection locations, were simultaneously quantified by using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The current strategy not only clearly expounded the correlation between quality and geographical origins of PCS, but also provided a fast, accurate and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative method for assessing the quality of PCS.
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Fu M, Wang L, Wang X, Deng B, Hu X, Zou J. Determination of the Five Main Terpenoids in Different Tissues of Wolfiporia cocos. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081839. [PMID: 30042340 PMCID: PMC6222723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfiporia cocos is a fungus containing triterpenoids and is widely used as an herbal medicine. However, it is unknown whether its main triterpenoid contents differ in different tissues. In this study, we identified dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, and dehydroeburicoic acid as the five main triterpenoids in W. cocos. We also systematically profiled the contents and distribution of these main triterpenoids in different tissues of W. cocos. High contents of all five triterpenoids were found in the surface layer of W. cocos. Intriguingly, we noted that the highest contents of the five triterpenoids were found in the surface layer of the sclerotium grown under pollution-controlled cultivation; the second-highest contents were found in the surface layer of the natural sclerotium. These results indicate that environmentally friendly cultivation of the sclerotium of W. cocos is a practical way to increase the productivity of W. cocos. In addition, our findings suggest that the triterpenoids may contribute to the pharmacological activity of W. cocos, and the surface layer of sclerotium in W. cocos might be a promising raw material for applications in health care and the development of functional medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Xianyou Wang
- Xiang-Gui-Qian Institute of Research in Edible and Pharmaceutical Fungi, Jingzhou 418400, China.
| | - Boxia Deng
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Xing Hu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Juan Zou
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, Huaihua 418000, China.
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Zhu L, Xu J, Zhang S, Wang R, Huang Q, Chen H, Dong X, Zhao Z. Qualitatively and quantitatively comparing secondary metabolites in three medicinal parts derived from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based chemical profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:278-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Ding L, Qiu T, Chai L, Qiu F, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhao L, Chen X. Systematic screening and characterization of multiple constituents in Guizhi Fuling capsule and metabolic profiling of bioactive components in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:474-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Representative Components in the Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao Capsule by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060927. [PMID: 28574448 PMCID: PMC6152775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao capsule (XLGB), a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is extensively used for the treatment of osteoporosis in China. However, few studies on the holistic quality control of XLGB have been reported. In this study, a reliable method using 18 representative components in XLGB was successfully established and applied to evaluate 34 batches of XLGB samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The choice of quantitative markers mostly followed four principles, i.e., absorbed components in plasma, bioactive compounds with in vitro anti-osteoporosis activity, those derived from multiple individual medicinal herbs in XLGB with multiple representative structure types, and quantitative chemical markers in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results showed chemical consistency was good except for individual batches. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that asperosaponin VI from Radix Dipsaci, epimedin C, magnoflorine, and icariin from Herba Epimedii as well as timosaponin BII from Rhizoma Anemarrhenae varied significantly in multiple samples, which hinted an assay for these four components should be completed during all of the manufacturing processes. Taken together, this study provided a feasible method for holistic quality control of XLGB by multiple chemical markers, which could play a vital role in guaranteeing the safety, effectiveness, and controllability of administering the capsules as a medication in clinics.
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Quality Evaluation and Chemical Markers Screening of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) Based on HPLC Fingerprints and HPLC-MS n Coupled with Chemometrics. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030478. [PMID: 28304365 PMCID: PMC6155183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., is a widely used commercially available herbal drug, and unstable quality of different samples is a current issue. This study focused on a comprehensive and systematic method combining fingerprints and chemical identification with chemometrics for discrimination and quality assessment of Danshen samples. Twenty-five samples were analyzed by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MSn. Forty-nine components were identified and characteristic fragmentation regularities were summarized for further interpretation of bioactive components. Chemometric analysis was employed to differentiate samples and clarify the quality differences of Danshen including hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Consistent results were that the samples were divided into three categories which reflected the difference in quality of Danshen samples. By analyzing the reasons for sample classification, it was revealed that the processing method had a more obvious impact on sample classification than the geographical origin, it induced the different content of bioactive compounds and finally lead to different qualities. Cryptotanshinone, trijuganone B, and 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I were screened out as markers to distinguish samples by different processing methods. The developed strategy could provide a reference for evaluation and discrimination of other traditional herbal medicines.
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