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He Y, Sun Z, Bai J, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Zhao X, Chen S. Citrus peel polyphenols alleviate intestinal inflammation in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18137. [PMID: 37539135 PMCID: PMC10393610 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus peel polyphenols have possess the distinct anti-inflammatory activities. However, its underlying mechanism on ulcerative colitis have not been elucidated. The aim of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and action mechanisms of citrus peel polyphenols. Total citrus peel polyphenols were concentrated using macroporous resins and separated into water-soluble citrus polyphenols and ester-soluble citrus peel polyphenols. These extracts were then gavaged to acute colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium for 14 days using a dose of 300 mg/kg▪bw. High performance liquid chromatography results showed that the extracts contained flavanones, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Compared to the dextran sulfate sodium group, total citrus peel polyphenols, water-soluble citrus polyphenols, and ester-soluble citrus peel polyphenols significantly ameliorated the severity of colitis symptoms. Additionally, citrus peel polyphenols reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase, lowered secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and increased interleukin-10. Meanwhile, total citrus peel polyphenols, water-soluble citrus polyphenols, and ester-soluble citrus peel polyphenols effectively blocked the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B. These results demonstrated that citrus peel polyphenols alleviated ulcerative colitis in mice by damping pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and suppressing the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing He
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigao Sun
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - JunYing Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Food ScienChongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Food ScienChongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Technology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu C, Chen J, Zhao C, Liu X, Chen Y, Liang J, Cao J, Wang Y, Sun C. Advances in extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023; 4:750-781. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AbstractFlavonoids are the representative active substances of citrus with various biological activities and high nutritional value. In order to evaluate and utilize citrus flavonoids, isolation and purification are necessary steps. This manuscript reviewed the research advances in the extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids. The structure classification, the plant and nutritional functions, and the biosynthesis of citrus flavonoids were summarized. The characteristics of citrus flavonoids and the selection of separation strategies were explained. The technical system of extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids was systematically described. Finally, outlook and research directions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jie‐Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chen‐Ning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yun‐Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jin‐Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chong‐De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Citrus Bergamia and Cynara Cardunculus Reduce Serum Uric Acid in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121728. [PMID: 36556930 PMCID: PMC9784233 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hyperuricemia and liver steatosis are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The use of natural compounds could be a safe and effective alternative to drugs for the treatment of fatty liver and hyperuricemia. Polyphenolic fraction of Citrus Bergamia in association with the extract of Cynara Cardunculus, as nutraceutical, is able to reduce body weight, hepatic steatosis and markers of oxidative stress. Then, we performed a secondary analysis of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to examine the effects of this nutraceutical on serum uric acid levels in adults with fatty liver. Materials and Methods: The study included 94 individuals with hepatic steatosis. For six weeks, the intervention group was given a nutraceutical (300 mg/day) comprising a Bergamot polyphenol fraction and Cynara Cardunculus extract. The control group received a daily pill of placebo. Serum uric acid, lipids, glucose and anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: We found a greater reduction in serum uric acid in the participants taking the nutraceutical rather than placebo (−0.1 ± 0.7 mg/dL vs. 0.3 ± 0.7 mg/dL, p = 0.004), and especially in those with moderate/severe hepatic steatosis also after adjustment for confounding variables. In addition, we analysed the two groups according to tertiles of uric acid concentration. Among participants taking the nutraceutical, we found in those with the highest baseline serum uric acid (>5.4 mg/dL) the greater reduction compared to the lowest baseline uric acid (−7.8% vs. +4.9%; adjusted p = 0.04). The stepwise multivariable analysis confirmed the association between the absolute serum uric acid change and nutraceutical treatment (B = −0.43; p = 0.004). Conclusions: A nutraceutical containing bioactive components from bergamot and wild cardoon reduced serum uric acid during 6 weeks in adults with fatty liver. Future investigations are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this nutraceutical in the treatment of hyperuricaemia.
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Hu F, Qin Y, Zhou Y, Li L, Wang Y, Deng Z. Characterization of precipitation from citrus vinegar during ageing: chemical constituents, formation mechanism and anti-proliferative effect. Food Funct 2022; 13:4930-4940. [PMID: 35403181 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation formation commonly occurs in the ageing step of fermented citrus vinegar. Hitherto, the chemical characteristics and biological properties of precipitates remain unveiled. This study focused on investigating the chemical profile, formation mechanism and biological repurposing of precipitates. Nine principal components, two flavonoid glycosides and their aglycones along with five polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), were identified from a methanol extract of precipitates. Using hydrolysis models, we demonstrated that insoluble aglycones were generated through the breakage of glycosidic bonds in flavonoid glycosides under acidic condition. Moreover, soluble bound-PMFs were destroyed by yeast-acid hybrid catalysis to release insoluble free-PMFs to form precipitates. A methanol extract of precipitates exhibited a potent anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 0.032 μg μL-1) via inhibiting tubulin polymerization. This study will be helpful for the food industry to aid optimizing citrus vinegar brewing and for reutilizing precipitates for functional foods and health products. Furthermore, it also provides a green strategy of PMFs enrichment from citrus using an enzyme-acid hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Ye Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Three Gorges University Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China
| | - Lingyue Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Three Gorges University Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yingxi Wang
- Hubei Hanway Ecological Agriculture Group, Yidu 443302, China
| | - Zhangshuang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast, China National Light Industry & Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Recent Updates of Natural and Synthetic URAT1 Inhibitors and Novel Screening Methods. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5738900. [PMID: 34754317 PMCID: PMC8572588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5738900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human urate anion transporter 1 (hURAT1) is responsible for the reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal renal tubules and is a promising therapeutic target for treating hyperuricemia. To mitigate the side effects of URAT1-targeted clinical agents such as benzbromarone, there is significant interest in discovering new URAT1 inhibitors and developing technology that can evaluate URAT1 inhibition. This review summarizes the methods for assay of URAT1 inhibition and the progress on the discovery of natural and synthetic URAT1 inhibitors in the past five years.
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Parisa N, Hidayat R, Maritska Z, Prananjaya BA. Evaluation of the anti-gout effect of Sonchus Arvensis on monosodium urate crystal-induced gout arthritis via anti-inflammatory action - an in vivo study. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:358-365. [PMID: 34430859 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Sonchus arvensis is an Indonesian plant with strong therapeutic effects. Various studies have shown that this plant is useful in treating kidney stone disorders, and recent studies have shown that S. arvensis extract can reduce inflammation caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition in the synovial tissue. This study was aimed to explore the extract of Sonchus arvensis, via fractionation, to optimize the specific content of S. arvensis with anti-inflammatory potential in gout arthritis. Methods The study included 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain obtained from the Eureka Research Laboratory (Palembang, Indonesia) weighing between 200 - 250 grams. After one week of acclimatization, the rats were randomly divided into six groups, each group containing five animals; normal control group, monosodium urate group (negative control), colchicine group, hexane fraction of S. arvensis group, ethyl-acetate fraction of S. arvensis group and water fraction group. Before monosodium urate administration, rats in the colchicine group, as a positive control group, were given orally for seven days with 0.28 mg/kg/day colchicine. IL-1β levels in joint synovial fluid were examined with Rat ELISA interleukin-1β. Results S. arvensis water fraction showed the most significant reduction in inflammatory cells compared to the hexane or ethyl acetate fractions. The water fraction of S. arvensis group had an equal effect with positive control in reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the synovial tissue. Conclusion Sonchus arvensis water fraction has anti-gout effects in monosodium urate-induced gout arthritis in rats by decreasing the inflammatory response in the synovial joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Parisa
- Doctoral Programme of Biomedical Science Student, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Rachmat Hidayat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Ziske Maritska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
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Nihei T, Ushiro E, Sato H, Onoue S. Biopharmaceutical Study on Nobiletin-Loaded Amorphous Solid Dispersion with Improved Hypouricemic Effect. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154447. [PMID: 34361599 PMCID: PMC8347906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop an amorphous solid dispersion of nobiletin (ASD/NOB) using hydroxypropyl cellulose-SSL (HPC-SSL) to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and hypouricemic effect of NOB. ASD/NOB was prepared by the freeze-drying method (ASD/NOB). ASD/NOB was characterized with a focus on crystallinity, dissolution, pharmacokinetic behavior, and hypouricemic action in a rat model of hyperuricemia. ASD/NOB showed significant improvement in dissolution behavior, as evidenced by a 4.4-fold higher dissolved NOB concentration than crystalline NOB at 2 h in distilled water. After the oral administration of ASD/NOB (50 mg NOB/kg) in rats, higher systemic exposure to NOB was observed with an 18-fold enhancement in oral bioavailability, and the Tmax value of orally administered ASD/NOB was 60% shorter than that of orally administered crystalline NOB. In a rat model of hyperuricemia, orally dosed ASD/NOB showed an improved hypouricemic effect by a 16% reduction in the plasma uric acid level compared with orally administered crystalline NOB. Based on these findings, ASD/NOB may be an efficacious dosage option to improve the nutraceutical potential of NOB for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satomi Onoue
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-54-264-5630; Fax: +81-54-264-5636
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8
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Orhan IE, Deniz FSS. Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors - A Hope for Gout Disease? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:143-158. [PMID: 32723252 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200728144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized, when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia. Urate-lowering therapy includes XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol, febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current gout medications still exist, intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins (agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes (resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi, macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay E Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma S S Deniz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Price CA, Medici V, Nunez MV, Lee V, Sigala DM, Benyam Y, Keim NL, Mason AE, Chen SY, Parenti M, Slupsky C, Epel ES, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. A Pilot Study Comparing the Effects of Consuming 100% Orange Juice or Sucrose-Sweetened Beverage on Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:760. [PMID: 33652807 PMCID: PMC7996959 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease, in part due to hepatic fructose overload. However, it is not clear whether consumption of beverages containing fructose as naturally occurring sugar produces equivalent metabolic dysregulation as beverages containing added sugars. We compared the effects of consuming naturally-sweetened orange juice (OJ) or sucrose-sweetened beverages (sucrose-SB) for two weeks on risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Healthy, overweight women (n = 20) were assigned to consume either 3 servings of 100% orange juice or sucrose-SB/day. We conducted 16-hour serial blood collections and 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests during a 30-h inpatient visit at baseline and after the 2-week diet intervention. The 16-h area under the curve (AUC) for uric acid increased in subjects consuming sucrose-SB compared with subjects consuming OJ. Unlike sucrose-SB, OJ did not significantly increase fasting or postprandial lipoproteins. Consumption of both beverages resulted in reductions in the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (OJ: -0.40 ± 0.18, p = 0.04 within group; sucrose-SB: -1.0 ± 0.38, p = 0.006 within group; p = 0.53 between groups). Findings from this pilot study suggest that consumption of OJ at levels above the current dietary guidelines for sugar intake does not increase plasma uric acid concentrations compared with sucrose-SB, but appears to lead to comparable decreases of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Allister Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (V.M.), University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Marinelle V. Nunez
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Yanet Benyam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ashley E. Mason
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94155, USA;
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Carolyn Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.V.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (V.L.); (D.M.S.); (Y.B.); (P.J.H.); (K.L.S.)
- Basic Sciences, Touro University of California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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Abstract
Hyperuricaemia is characterised by a high level of urate in the blood. The crystallisation of urate is considered a critical risk factor for the development of gout. Allopurinol and febuxostat have been commonly used medications to decrease the circulating urate levels. However, the use of these drugs is associated with undesired side effects. Therefore, the development of a new active, safety anti-hyperuricaemic and anti-inflammatory drug could be useful in gout therapy and is highly justified. Natural products have become a source of new pharmaceuticals due to their strong efficacy with less side effects, which relies on the comprising of complex bioactive compounds. There are a growing number of studies purporting decreasing serum urate with traditional medicines. This article was aimed to review these studies and identify which extracts promote urate reduction, along with their different mechanisms.
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11
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Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Dryopteris crassirhizoma as Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010122. [PMID: 33383880 PMCID: PMC7796287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dryopteris crassirhizoma rhizomes are used as a traditional medicine in Asia. The EtOAc extract of these roots has shown potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. However, the main phloroglucinols in D. crassirhizoma rhizomes have not been analyzed. Thus, we investigated the major constituents responsible for this effect. Bioassay-guided purification isolated four compounds: flavaspidic acid AP (1), flavaspidic acid AB (2), flavaspidic acid PB (3), and flavaspidic acid BB (4). Among these, 1 showed the most potent inhibitory activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 6.3 µM, similar to that of allopurinol (IC50 = 5.7 µM) and better than that of oxypurinol (IC50 = 43.1 µM), which are XO inhibitors. A comparative activity screen indicated that the acetyl group at C3 and C3' is crucial for XO inhibition. For example, 1 showed nearly 4-fold higher efficacy than 4 (IC50 = 20.9 µM). Representative inhibitors (1-4) in the rhizomes of D. crassirhizoma showed reversible and noncompetitive inhibition toward XO. Furthermore, the potent inhibitors were shown to be present in high quantities in the rhizomes by a UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis. Therefore, the rhizomes of D. crassirhizoma could be used to develop nutraceuticals and medicines for the treatment of gout.
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Zibaee E, Kamalian S, Tajvar M, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Moghadam AT, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Citrus species: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:44-97. [PMID: 31775593 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191127115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Citrus species from family Rutaceae has worldwide applications such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems. Phytochemical investigations have shown that these plants have constituents including flavonoids, limonoids and carotenoids. There are many reports on a wide range of activities such as antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, metabolic, cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. In the current review, we discuss information regarding botany, phytochemistry, ethnobotany uses, traditional knowledge and pharmacological aspects of the Citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Zibaee
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safa Kamalian
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Tajvar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahin Ramezani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali T Moghadam
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed A Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Singh JV, Bedi PMS, Singh H, Sharma S. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: patent landscape and clinical development (2015–2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:769-780. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1811233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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14
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Jiang LL, Gong X, Ji MY, Wang CC, Wang JH, Li MH. Bioactive Compounds from Plant-Based Functional Foods: A Promising Choice for the Prevention and Management of Hyperuricemia. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080973. [PMID: 32717824 PMCID: PMC7466221 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease that is caused by high serum uric acid levels. It is considered to be closely associated with the development of many chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. While pharmaceutical drugs have been shown to exhibit serious side effects, and bioactive compounds from plant-based functional foods have been demonstrated to be active in the treatment of hyperuricemia with only minimal side effects. Indeed, previous reports have revealed the significant impact of bioactive compounds from plant-based functional foods on hyperuricemia. This review focuses on plant-based functional foods that exhibit a hypouricemic function and discusses the different bioactive compounds and their pharmacological effects. More specifically, the bioactive compounds of plant-based functional foods are divided into six categories, namely flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, and others. In addition, the mechanism by which these bioactive compounds exhibit a hypouricemic effect is summarized into three classes, namely the inhibition of uric acid production, improved renal uric acid elimination, and improved intestinal uric acid secretion. Overall, this current and comprehensive review examines the use of bioactive compounds from plant-based functional foods as natural remedies for the management of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China;
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (X.G.); (M.-Y.J.); (C.-C.W.)
| | - Ming-Yue Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (X.G.); (M.-Y.J.); (C.-C.W.)
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (X.G.); (M.-Y.J.); (C.-C.W.)
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.W.); (M.-H.L.); Tel.: +86-472-716-7795 (M.-H.L.)
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China; (X.G.); (M.-Y.J.); (C.-C.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
- Correspondence: (J.-H.W.); (M.-H.L.); Tel.: +86-472-716-7795 (M.-H.L.)
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15
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Traversier M, Gaslonde T, Lecso M, Michel S, Delannay E. Comparison of extraction methods for chemical composition, antibacterial, depigmenting and antioxidant activities of
Eryngium maritimum. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:127-135. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Traversier
- Laboratoires Clarins 5 rue Ampère 95300 Pontoise France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 75006 Paris France
| | - T. Gaslonde
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 75006 Paris France
| | - M. Lecso
- Laboratoire Ecosystème Intestinal Probiotiques Antibiotiques‐EA 4065 Université de Paris 75006 Paris France
| | - S. Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 75006 Paris France
| | - E. Delannay
- Laboratoires Clarins 5 rue Ampère 95300 Pontoise France
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16
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Separation of New Coumarin Glycosides from Toddalia asiatica Using Offline Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040428. [PMID: 32244561 PMCID: PMC7238425 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins and flavonoids are the major constituents of Toddalia asiatica. The separation and purification of ingredients from T. asiatica is an important procedure to acquire high-purity compounds for subsequent pharmacological investigation to discover leading compounds. In the present work, an offline two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was successfully established for the separation of high-purity glycosides from T. asiatica. Based on the separation results obtained with two different chromatographic stationary phases, a phenyl-bonded silica-based reversed-phase column was employed as the first HPLC preparation, and three fractions were obtained from the sample. Then, the fractions were isolated and purified on an octadecyl-bonded silica-based reversed-phase column to obtain high-purity compounds in the second HPLC separation. As a result, three coumarin glycosides, including two undescribed and one known, along with one known flavonoid glycoside with more than 98% purity were isolated from the sample. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic evidence derived from optical rotation, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Two-dimensional HPLC with different stationary phases has the potential to be an efficient method for the separation of high-purity compounds from T. asiatica.
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17
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Toyoda Y, Takada T, Saito H, Hirata H, Ota-Kontani A, Kobayashi N, Tsuchiya Y, Suzuki H. Inhibitory effect of Citrus flavonoids on the in vitro transport activity of human urate transporter 1 (URAT1/SLC22A12), a renal re-absorber of urate. NPJ Sci Food 2020; 4:3. [PMID: 32047858 PMCID: PMC7002704 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-020-0063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As hyperuricemia is a cause of urate-related diseases such as gout, the anti-hyperuricemic and/or uricosuric activity of food ingredients is receiving increased attention. Here, we examined the inhibitory activities of seven Citrus flavonoids against URAT1, a renal transporter involved in urate re-uptake from urine. We found that naringenin and nobiletin strongly inhibited URAT1, and may therefore serve as an anti-hyperuricemic food ingredient that can reduce the risk of urate-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Toyoda
- 1Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- 1Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- 1Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan.,2Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0013 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- 2Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0013 Japan
| | - Ami Ota-Kontani
- 2Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0013 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kobayashi
- 2Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0013 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- 2Frontier Laboratories for Value Creation, SAPPORO HOLDINGS LTD., 10 Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0013 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- 1Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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18
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Comprehensive analysis of mechanism underlying hypouricemic effect of glucosyl hesperidin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:861-867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Bussmann AJC, Borghi SM, Zaninelli TH, Dos Santos TS, Guazelli CFS, Fattori V, Domiciano TP, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Casella AMB, Vignoli JA, Camilios-Neto D, Casagrande R, Verri WA. The citrus flavanone naringenin attenuates zymosan-induced mouse joint inflammation: induction of Nrf2 expression in recruited CD45 + hematopoietic cells. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1229-1242. [PMID: 30612217 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-00561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin is a biologically active analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant flavonoid. Naringenin targets in inflammation-induced articular pain remain poorly explored. METHODS The present study investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the analgesic/anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin in zymosan-induced arthritis. Mice were pre-treated orally with naringenin (16.7-150 mg/kg), followed by intra-articular injection of zymosan. Articular mechanical hyperalgesia and oedema, leucocyte recruitment to synovial cavity, histopathology, expression/production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and NFκB activation, inflammasome component expression, and oxidative stress were evaluated. RESULTS Naringenin inhibited articular pain and oedema in a dose-dependent manner. The dose of 50 mg/kg inhibited leucocyte recruitment, histopathological alterations, NFκB activation, and NFκB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-33), and preproET-1 mRNA expression, but increased anti-inflammatory IL-10. Naringenin also inhibited inflammasome upregulation (reduced Nlrp3, ASC, caspase-1, and pro-IL-1β mRNA expression) and oxidative stress (reduced gp91phox mRNA expression and superoxide anion production, increased GSH levels, induced Nrf2 protein in CD45+ hematopoietic recruited cells, and induced Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expression). CONCLUSIONS Naringenin presents analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in zymosan-induced arthritis by targeting its main physiopathological mechanisms. These data highlight this flavonoid as an interesting therapeutic compound to treat joint inflammation, deserving additional pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan J C Bussmann
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Telma S Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Carla F S Guazelli
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Talita P Domiciano
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Kenji W Ruiz-Miyazawa
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil
| | - Antonio M B Casella
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, 86039-440, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Josiane A Vignoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Exact Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Doumit Camilios-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Exact Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Londrina, Paraná State, 86039-440, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Center, Londrina State University, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná State, 86051-990, Brazil.
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20
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Liu Y, Hou Y, Si Y, Wang W, Zhang S, Sun S, Liu X, Wang R, Wang W. Isolation, characterization, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of flavonoids from the leaves of Perilla frutescens. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2566-2572. [PMID: 30600717 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1544981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the water extract from the leaves of Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) led to the isolation of a new flavanone, a new chalcone, and a new aurone, namely, (2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-8,4'-dihydroxyflavanone (1), 2',4'-dimethoxy-4,5',6'-trihydroxychalcone (2), and (Z)-4,6-dimethoxy-7,4'-dihydroxyaurone (3), respectively. The structures were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. And the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by analysis of electronic circular dichroism spectrum. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase in vitro. Among them, 2 showed more potent activity than the positive control allopurinol, a well-known XO inhibitor clinically used for treatment of gout. Lineweaver-Burk transformation of the inhibition kinetics data demonstrated that it was a mixed-type inhibitor.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxue Hou
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueyue Si
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Effects of Toona sinensis Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123254. [PMID: 30544886 PMCID: PMC6321014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis leaf is used as a seasonal vegetable in Korea. A 70% ethanol extract of these leaves exhibited potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 78.4 µM. To investigate the compounds responsible for this effect, bioassay-guided purification led to the isolation of five constituents, identified as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (compound 3), quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside. Compound 3 showed the most potent inhibition of XO, with an IC50 of 2.8 µM. This was similar to that of allopurinol (IC50 = 2.3 µM), which is used clinically to treat hyperuricemia. Kinetic analyses found that compound 3 was a reversible noncompetitive XO inhibitor. In vivo, the T. sinensis leaf extract (300 mg/kg), or compound 3 (40 mg/kg), significantly decreased serum uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Furthermore, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified a high level of compound 3 in the leaf extract. These findings suggest that T. sinensis leaves could be developed to produce nutraceutical preparations.
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22
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Liu XX, Sun SW, Yuan WJ, Gao H, Si YY, Liu K, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang W. Isolation of Tricin as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor from Sweet White Clover ( Melilotus albus) and Its Distribution in Selected Gramineae Species. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102719. [PMID: 30360380 PMCID: PMC6222886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase, an enzyme present in significant levels in the intestine and liver, metabolizes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the purine catabolic pathway. An inhibitory compound acting against xanthine oxidase was isolated from sweet white clover (Melilotus albus) by bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography guided separation. It was identified as tricin by spectroscopic analysis. Tricin possessed a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 4.13 μM. Further inhibition kinetics data indicated it to be a mixed-type inhibitor and Ki and KI values were determined to be 0.47 μM and 4.41 μM. To find a rich source of tricin, the distribution of tricin in seven different tissues from four Gramineae species was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The highest amount (1925.05 mg/kg dry materials) was found in the straw of wheat, which is considered as a potentially valuable source of natural tricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Shi-Wei Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Yuan
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yue-Yue Si
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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23
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Dang PH, Nguyen LTT, Nguyen HTT, Le TH, Do TNV, Nguyen HX, Le ND, Nguyen MTT, Nguyen NT. A new dimeric alkylresorcinol from the stem barks of Swintonia floribunda (Anacardiaceae). Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2883-2889. [PMID: 30295064 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1509329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
From an EtOAc-soluble fraction of the stem barks of Swintonia floribunda (Anacardiaceae), one new dimeric alkylresorcinol named integracin E (1), together with 4 known compounds (2-5) were isolated. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data interpretation. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the specific rotation analysis of its acid-catalyzed hydrolysis product. Compound 1 showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 48.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu H Dang
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Linh T T Nguyen
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Hue T T Nguyen
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Tho H Le
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Truong N V Do
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Hai X Nguyen
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Nghia D Le
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Mai T T Nguyen
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.,b Cancer Research Laboratory, Vietnam National University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Nhan T Nguyen
- a Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.,b Cancer Research Laboratory, Vietnam National University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
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24
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Wang DD, Gao D, Xu WJ, Li F, Yin MN, Fu QF, Xia ZN. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective extraction of hesperetin from the dried pericarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco. Talanta 2018; 184:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Park JE, Yeom Z, Park KT, Han EH, Yu HJ, Kang HS, Lim YH. Hypouricemic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Aster glehni Leaves in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats. Clin Nutr Res 2018; 7:126-135. [PMID: 29713621 PMCID: PMC5921330 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2018.7.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of gout is increasing worldwide, and control of serum uric acid level has been regarded as one of the therapeutic methods for gout. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity which can oxidize hypoxanthine to uric acid has been commonly proposed to decrease serum uric acid level. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the hypouricemic effect of ethanol extract of Aster glehni leaves (EAG) by in vitro and in vivo study in potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic rats. EAG possessed 132.5 ± 6.8 mg QE/g of total flavonoid and showed antioxidant activity. EAG showed in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against XO and significantly decreased serum uric acid level in PO-induced hyperuricemic rats without liver toxicity. These results show that EAG significantly attenuates hyperuricemia by inhibiting XO activity, which resulted in the decrease of serum uric acid level. Therefore, EAG might possess a potential therapeutic ability for improving gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Public Health Science (Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Zia Yeom
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.,Research and Development Center, Milae Resources ML Co. Ltd., Seoul 05542, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Han
- Department of R&D, Koreaeundan Co., Seongnam 06105, Korea
| | | | | | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health Science (Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
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26
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang C, Nadeem M, Raza A, Ali N, Shah AA. Management of hyperuricemia through dietary polyphenols as a natural medicament: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1433-1455. [PMID: 29278921 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1412939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a condition due to high serum uric acid level and is notorious to health. It is considered to be a potent risk factor for gout and dramatically associated in the development of many chronic diseases such as malignant tumor, cardiovascular disorders and renal failure. Modern innovative medicinal and therapeutic interventions are underlying these days to combat hyperuricemia. Previously reported studies revealed the significant impact of dietary polyphenols (e.g. anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids etc.) against hyperurecemia disorder. Dietary plant polyphenols, unlike anti- hyperuricemic agents, are not reported to have any side effects in curing hyperuricemia. The current comprehensive review figure outs the use of dietary polyphenols as a natural remedy for the management of hyperuricemia. The sources, affiliated pathways, mode of actions and factors affecting their efficiency to prevent hyperuricemia are deeply discussed in this article. Additionally, limitations and suggestions regarding previously reported studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- a Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China.,c Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Lei Zhao
- a Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- a Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- c Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- a Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Nawazish Ali
- a Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China.,b Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , China
| | - Amjad Abbas Shah
- c Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
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Dang PH, Nguyen TT, Le TH, Nguyen HX, Nguyen MTT, Nguyen NT. A new bischromanone from the stems of Semecarpus caudata. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1745-1750. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1399391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phu H. Dang
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM–University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tinh T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM–University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tho H. Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM–University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hai X. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM–University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai T. T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM–University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhan T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM–University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Liu Y, Liu XH, Zhou S, Gao H, Li GL, Guo WJ, Fang XY, Wang W. Perillanolides A and B, new monoterpene glycosides from the leaves of Perilla frutescens. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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