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Jin Y, Wu Q, Pan S, Zhou Q, Liu H, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhu X. Baicalein enhances cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer cells by promoting cuproptosis through the Akt pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117415. [PMID: 39265236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cisplatin presents a major obstacle in managing advanced-stage cervical cancer. Cuproptosis, a newly identified form of cell death induced by copper ions, has potential in overcoming chemoresistance. But the application of cuproptosis in cervical cancer resistant to cisplatin has not yet been reported. In this study, treatment with Elsm-Cu in cervical cancer cells induced cuproptosis, affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis was found. Moreover, cuproptosis in cervical cancer cells was significantly induced by baicalein. The combination of baicalein and cisplatin exhibited a synergistic effect on cervical cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell viability via the induction of cuproptosis. Animal experiments demonstrated that this combination significantly suppressed tumor growth. Upon treating cells with SC79 (Akt agonist), a significant inhibition of the expression of cuproptosis-related proteins SDHB and FDX1 were observed, indicating that baicalein induced cuproptosis through the Akt pathway. These results indicated that baicalein, mediated through the Akt pathway to induce cuproptosis, had the potential to improve the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shuangjia Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hejing Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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2
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Ge S, Jing Z, Wang L, Cui X, Zhang X, Wang X. Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04218-0. [PMID: 38777982 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
At present, it appears that the prognosis for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), which has a high death and disability rate, cannot be greatly improved by medication or other treatment. Recent research suggests that different types of cell death are implicated in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH, and this has been recognised as a major factor impacting the prognosis of SAH. Ferroptosis, which is a recently identified imbalance of iron metabolism and programmed cell death triggered by phospholipid peroxidation, has been shown to be involved in EBI after SAH and is thought to have a significant impact on EBI. The decomposition of cleaved haemoglobin during SAH involves the release of enormous amounts of free iron, resulting in iron metabolism disorders. Potential therapeutic targets for the signalling pathways of iron metabolism disorders and ferroptosis after SAH are constantly being discovered. To serve as a guide for research into other possible therapeutic targets, this paper will briefly describe the mechanisms of dysregulated iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of SAH and highlight how they are involved in the development and promotion of EBI in SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ziwen Jing
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaocong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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3
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Prem S, Dev B, Peng C, Mehta M, Alibutud R, Connacher RJ, St Thomas M, Zhou X, Matteson P, Xing J, Millonig JH, DiCicco-Bloom E. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling mediates common neurite and migration defects in both idiopathic and 16p11.2 deletion autism neural precursor cells. eLife 2024; 13:e82809. [PMID: 38525876 PMCID: PMC11003747 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by common behavioral characteristics, raising the possibility of shared pathogenic mechanisms. Yet, vast clinical and etiological heterogeneity suggests personalized phenotypes. Surprisingly, our iPSC studies find that six individuals from two distinct ASD subtypes, idiopathic and 16p11.2 deletion, have common reductions in neural precursor cell (NPC) neurite outgrowth and migration even though whole genome sequencing demonstrates no genetic overlap between the datasets. To identify signaling differences that may contribute to these developmental defects, an unbiased phospho-(p)-proteome screen was performed. Surprisingly despite the genetic heterogeneity, hundreds of shared p-peptides were identified between autism subtypes including the mTOR pathway. mTOR signaling alterations were confirmed in all NPCs across both ASD subtypes, and mTOR modulation rescued ASD phenotypes and reproduced autism NPC-associated phenotypes in control NPCs. Thus, our studies demonstrate that genetically distinct ASD subtypes have common defects in neurite outgrowth and migration which are driven by the shared pathogenic mechanism of mTOR signaling dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Prem
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Bharati Dev
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Cynthia Peng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Monal Mehta
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Rohan Alibutud
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Robert J Connacher
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Madeline St Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Paul Matteson
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - James H Millonig
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickUnited States
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4
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Li S, Huang P, Lai F, Zhang T, Guan J, Wan H, He Y. Mechanisms of Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1605-1626. [PMID: 37736794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the role of autophagy, particularly the selective form like ferritinophagy, in promoting cells to undergo ferroptosis has inspired us to investigate functional connections between diseases and cell death. Ferroptosis is a novel model of procedural cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory response. Based on ferroptosis, the study of ferritinophagy is particularly important. In recent years, extensive research has elucidated the role of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases and anemia, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets. Besides, the global emergence and rapid transmission of COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a considerable risk to public health worldwide. The potential involvement of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of brain injury associated with COVID-19 is still unclear. This review summarizes the pathophysiological changes of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases, anemia, and COVID-19, and hypothesizes that ferritinophagy may be a potential mechanism of ferroptosis. Advancements in these fields will enhance our comprehension of methods to prevent and address neurological disorders, anemia, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Feifan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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5
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McElroy T, Zeidan RS, Rathor L, Han SM, Xiao R. The role of mitochondria in the recovery of neurons after injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:317-318. [PMID: 35900413 PMCID: PMC9396508 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor McElroy
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rola S. Zeidan
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sung Min Han
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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6
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Lin F, Li R, Tu WJ, Chen Y, Wang K, Chen X, Zhao J. An Update on Antioxidative Stress Therapy Research for Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772036. [PMID: 34938172 PMCID: PMC8686680 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reasons for disability and death in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Despite studies reporting and progressing when DCI is well-treated clinically, the prognosis is not well-improved. According to the present situation, we regard EBI as the main target of future studies, and one of the key phenotype-oxidative stresses may be called for attention in EBI after laboratory subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We summarized the research progress and updated the literature that has been published about the relationship between experimental and clinical SAH-induced EBI and oxidative stress (OS) in PubMed from January 2016 to June 2021. Many signaling pathways are related to the mechanism of OS in EBI after SAH. Several antioxidative stress drugs were studied and showed a protective response against EBI after SAH. The systematical study of antioxidative stress in EBI after laboratory and clinical SAH may supply us with new therapies about SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Xiang T, Luo X, Zeng C, Li S, Ma M, Wu Y. Klotho ameliorated cognitive deficits in a temporal lobe epilepsy rat model by inhibiting ferroptosis. Brain Res 2021; 1772:147668. [PMID: 34592245 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are among the most common comorbidities of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Ferroptosis associated with the accumulation of iron overload-dependent lipid peroxidation produces significant cognitive deficits in TLE. The anti-aging protein, klotho, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects while enhancing cognition in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of klotho in TLE progression has not been established. In this study, we evaluated the effects and underlying mechanisms of klotho in a rat model of TLE induced by lithium-chloride and pilocarpine (LiCl-Pilo). The expression of klotho was found to be inhibited in the hippocampus following LiCl-Pilo induced TLE in rats. An adeno-virus (AAV), which mediated klotho overexpression (AAV-KL) was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of the rat models. After 3 weeks, rats were treated through intraperitoneal injections of LiCl-Pilo. After 9 weeks, AAV-KL was found to have significantly induced klotho overexpression in the hippocampus, effectively ameliorated cognitive deficits and exerted neuroprotective effects in LiCl-Pilo induced TLE rat models. Klotho significantly prevented ferroptosis and iron overload. Meanwhile, klotho regulated the expressions of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT 1) and ferroportin (FPN) that were associated with iron accumulation in the hippocampus. Furthermore, klotho significantly elevated glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4) and glutathione (GSH) levels while suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In conclusion, klotho ameliorated cognitive deficits and exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting ferroptosis in LiCl-Pilo induced TLE rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaodan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sijun Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meigang Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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8
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Wang Y, Han Z, Wang B, Luo Y, Zhou S, Wang Z, Tian Y, Zhang J. Gene expression profiles and related immune-inflammatory factors in the cerebral arteries in mouse models of subarachnoid haemorrhage. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1829049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of ICU, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, PR China
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9
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Zheng J, Zhu JL, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yang Y, Tang DR, Sun J. PGK1 inhibitor CBR-470-1 protects neuronal cells from MPP+. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13388-13399. [PMID: 32649311 PMCID: PMC7377839 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxin MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) disrupts mitochondrial function leading to oxidative stress and neuronal death. Here we examine whether activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 cascade can protect SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from MPP+-induced cytotoxicity. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with CBR-470-1, an inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), leads to methylglyoxal modification of Keap1, Keap1-Nrf2 disassociation, and increased expression of Nrf2 responsive genes. Pretreatment with CBR-470-1 potently attenuated MPP+-induced oxidative injury and SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. CBR-470-1 neuroprotection is dependent upon Nrf2, as Nrf2 shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Nrf2 knockout, abolished CBR-470-1-induced SH-SY5Y cytoprotection against MPP+. Consistent with these findings, PGK1 depletion or knockout mimicked CBR-470-1-induced actions and rendered SH-SY5Y cells resistant to MPP+-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, activation of the Nrf2 cascade by CRISPR/Cas9-induced Keap1 knockout protected SH-SY5Y cells from MPP+. In Keap1 or PGK1 knockout SH-SY5Y cells,CBR-470-1 failed to offer further cytoprotection against MPP+. Collectively PGK1 inhibition by CBR-470-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells from MPP+ via activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Jian-liang Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - De-Rong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huai’an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
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10
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Sun J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Lu J, Hu Q, Liu R, Zhou C, Chen C. Salvinorin A attenuates early brain injury through PI3K/Akt pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rat. Brain Res 2019; 1719:64-70. [PMID: 31125530 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) refers to the direct injury to the brain during the first 72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is one of the major causes for the poor clinical outcome after SAH. In this study, we investigated the effect and the related mechanism of Salvinorin A (SA), a selective kappa opioid receptor agonist, on EBI after SAH. SA was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after SAH. The volume of lateral ventricle was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The neuronal morphological changes and the apoptotic level in CA1 area of hippocampus were observed by Nissl and TUNEL staining respectively. Protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-IKKα/β, p-NF-κB, FoxO1, Bim, Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 was measured to explore the potential mechanism. We found that SA alleviated the neuronal morphological changes and apoptosis in CA1 area of hippocampus. The mechanism might be related to the increased protein expression of p-PI3K/p-Akt, which accompanied by decreased expression of p-IKKα/β, p-NF-κB, FoxO1, Bim, Bax and Cleaved-caspase-3 in the hippocampus. Thus, therapeutic interventions of SA targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway might be a novel approach to ameliorate EBI via reducing the apoptosis and inflammation after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Changman Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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11
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhang W, Yan J, Yang L, Zhou C, Liu R, Chen C. Salvinorin A ameliorates cerebral vasospasm through activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Microcirculation 2019; 25:e12442. [PMID: 29377443 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of salvinorin A (SA) for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and investigate mechanisms of therapeutic effect using rat SAH model. METHODS Salvinorin A was injected intraperitoneally, and the neurobehavioral changes were observed at 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after SAH. Basilar artery was observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The inner diameter and thickness of basilar artery were measured. The morphological changes and the apoptosis in CA1 area of hippocampus were detected. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were detected by ELISA kit. The protein expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) was determined by Western blot for potential mechanism exploration. RESULTS Salvinorin A administration could relieve neurological deficits, decrease the neuronal apoptosis, and alleviate the morphological changes in CA1 area of hippocampus. SA alleviated CVS by increasing diameter and decreasing thickness of basilar artery, and such changes were accompanied by the decreased concentration of ET-1 and increased level of NO. Meanwhile, SA increased the expression of eNOS and decreased the expression of AQP-4 protein in the basilar artery and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Salvinorin A attenuated CVS and alleviated brain injury after SAH via increasing expression of eNOS and NO content, and decreasing ET-1 concentration and AQP-4 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Changman Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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12
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Li H, Zhao H, Hao S, Shang L, Wu J, Song C, Meyron-Holtz EG, Qiao T, Li K. Iron regulatory protein deficiency compromises mitochondrial function in murine embryonic fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5118. [PMID: 29572489 PMCID: PMC5865113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for growth and proliferation of mammalian cells. The maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis is regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) through binding to the cognate iron-responsive elements in target mRNAs and thereby regulating the expression of target genes. Irp1 or Irp2-null mutation is known to reduce the cellular iron level by decreasing transferrin receptor 1 and increasing ferritin. Here, we report that Irp1 or Irp2-null mutation also causes downregulation of frataxin and IscU, two of the core components in the iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis machinery. Interestingly, while the activities of some of iron-sulfur cluster-containing enzymes including mitochondrial aconitase and cytosolic xanthine oxidase were not affected by the mutations, the activities of respiratory chain complexes were drastically diminished resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Overexpression of human ISCU and frataxin in Irp1 or Irp2-null cells was able to rescue the defects in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and mitochondrial quality. Our results strongly suggest that iron regulatory proteins regulate the part of iron sulfur cluster biogenesis tailored specifically for mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shuangying Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Medical School of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, P. R. China
| | - Longcheng Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Esther G Meyron-Holtz
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Technion City, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
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13
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Xu Y, Gao YW, Yang Y. SC79 protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12639-12648. [PMID: 29560097 PMCID: PMC5849161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress could lead to dopaminergic neuronal cell death. SC79 is a novel, selective and highly-efficient Akt activator. The current study tested its effect in dopaminergic neurons with oxidative stress. In both SH-SY5Y cells and primary murine dopaminergic neurons, pre-treatment with SC79 largely inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell viability reduction, apoptosis and necrosis. SC79 activated Akt in the neuronal cells, which was required for its neuroprotection against H2O2. Inhibition of Akt activation (by MK-2206 or AT7867) or expression (by targeted short hairpin RNA) largely attenuated SC79-induced neuroprotection. Further, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated Akt1 knockout in SH-SY5Y cells abolished SC79-induced neuroprotective function against H2O2. Reversely, forced activation of Akt by the constitutively-active Akt1 mimicked SC79-induced anti-H2O2 activity. Together, we conclude that activation of Akt by SC79 protects dopaminergic neurons from H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Geriatrics Department, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Wen Gao
- Geriatrics Department, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Geriatrics Department, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Weiss HR, Chi OZ, Kiss GK, Liu X, Damito S, Jacinto E. Akt activation improves microregional oxygen supply/consumption balance after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Brain Res 2018; 1683:48-54. [PMID: 29371097 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There have been reports that activation of Akt may provide neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. We tested the hypothesis that activation of Akt would decrease infarct size and improve microregional O2 supply/consumption balance after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. This hypothesis was tested in isoflurane-anesthetized rats with middle cerebral artery blockade for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h with or without SC-79 (Akt activator, 0.05 mg/kg, three doses). Regional cerebral blood flow was determined using a C14-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic technique. Regional small vessel (20-60 μm diameter) arterial and venous oxygen saturations were determined microspectrophotometrically. Akt phosphorylation was determined by Western blot. There were no significant hemodynamic or blood gas differences between groups. The control ischemic-reperfused cortex had a similar O2 consumption, but lower blood flow and higher O2 extraction compared to the contralateral cortex. However, microregional O2 supply/consumption balance was significantly reduced in the ischemic-reperfused cortex with many areas of low O2 saturation (42 of 80 veins with O2 saturation below 50%). SC-79 did not significantly affect cerebral O2 consumption, but significantly improved O2 supply/consumption balance in the reperfused area (18 of 80 veins with O2 saturation below 50%). This was associated with a reduced cortical infarct size (13.3 ± 0.5% control vs 6.7 ± 0.3% SC-79). In control, Akt phosphorylation was elevated at 2 h after ischemia. With SC-79, Akt was activated at 15 min but not at 2 h in the ischemic reperfused area. These results suggest that early Akt activation is important for not only cell survival, but also for the control of local oxygen balance after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey R Weiss
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Oak Z Chi
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Geza K Kiss
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Xia Liu
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Stacey Damito
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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15
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Jorgensen A, Staalsoe JM, Simonsen AH, Hasselbalch SG, Høgh P, Weimann A, Poulsen HE, Olsen NV. Progressive DNA and RNA damage from oxidation after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in humans. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:51-56. [PMID: 29157018 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1407413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Free radical toxicity is considered as a key mechanism in the neuronal damage occurring after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We measured markers of DNA and RNA damage from oxidation (8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo, respectively) in cerebrospinal fluid from 45 patients with SAH on day 1-14 after ictus and 45 age-matched healthy control subjects. At baseline, both markers were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p values < .001), and exhibited a progressive further increase (to >20-fold above control levels) from day 5-14. None of the markers predicted the occurrence of vasospasms or mortality, although there was a trend that the 8-oxoGuo marker was more strongly associated with mortality than the 8-oxodG marker. We conclude that SAH leads to a massive increase in damage to nucleic acids from oxidative stress, which is likely to play a role in neuronal dysfunction and death. As only patients in need of a ventriculostomy catheter were included in the study, the findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to all patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- a Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonatan M Staalsoe
- c Department of Neurology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anja H Simonsen
- d Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,e Department of Neurology , University Hospital Zealand , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- f Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642 , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,f Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642 , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Neils V Olsen
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,h Department of Neuroanaesthesia, the Neuroscience Centre , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
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16
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MIND4-17 protects retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells from UV. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89793-89801. [PMID: 29163788 PMCID: PMC5685709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 activation would efficiently protect retinal cells from UV radiation (UVR). Recent studies have developed a Nrf2-targeting thiazole-containing compound MIND4-17, which activates Nrf2 through blocking its association with Keap1. In the current study, we demonstrated that pretreatment with MIND4-17 efficiently protected retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells (RPEs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from UVR. UVR-induced apoptosis in the retinal cells was also largely attenuated by MIND4-17 pretreatment. MIND4-17 presumably separated Nrf2 from Keap1, allowing its stabilization and accumulation in retinal cells, which then translocated to cell nuclei and promoted transcription of ARE-dependent anti-oxidant genes, including HO1, NQO1 and GCLM. Significantly, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 almost completely abolished MIND4-17-induced cytoprotection against UVR. Further studies showed that MIND4-17 largely ameliorated UVR-induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and DNA damages in RPEs and RGCs. Together, MIND4-17 protects retinal cells from UVR by activating Nrf2 signaling.
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17
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Salama A, Hegazy R, Hassan A. Intranasal Chromium Induces Acute Brain and Lung Injuries in Rats: Assessment of Different Potential Hazardous Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chromium and Introduction of a Novel Pharmacological and Toxicological Animal Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168688. [PMID: 27997619 PMCID: PMC5173240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is used in many industries and it is widely distributed in the environment. Exposure to Cr dust has been reported among workers at these industries. Beside its hazardous effects on the lungs, brain injury could be induced, as the absorption of substances through the nasal membrane has been found to provide them a direct delivery to the brain. We investigated the distribution and the effects of Cr in both brain and lung following the intranasal instillation of potassium dichromate (inPDC) in rats. Simultaneously, we used the common intraperitoneal (ipPDC) rat model of acute Cr-toxicity for comparison. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 6); each received a single dose of saline, ipPDC (15 mg/kg), or inPDC in three dose levels: 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg. Locomotor activity was assessed before and 24 h after PDC administration, then, the lungs and brain were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. Treatment of rats with ipPDC resulted in a recognition of 36% and 31% of the injected dose of Cr in the brain and lung tissues, respectively. In inPDC-treated rats, targeting the brain by Cr was increased in a dose-dependent manner to reach 46% of the instilled dose in the group treated with the highest dose. Moreover, only this high dose of inPDC resulted in a delivery of a significant concentration of Cr, which represented 42% of the instilled dose, to the lungs. The uppermost alteration in the rats locomotor activity as well as in the brain and lung histopathological features and contents of oxidative stress biomarkers, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were observed in the rats treated with inPDC (2 mg/kg). The findings revealed that these toxic manifestations were directly proportional to the delivered concentration of Cr to the tissue. In conclusion, the study showed that a comparably higher concentrations of Cr and more elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were observed in brain and lung tissues of rats subjected to inPDC in a dose that is just 0.13 that of ipPDC dose commonly used in Cr-induced toxicity studies. Therefore, the study suggests a high risk of brain-targeting injury among individuals environmentally or occupationally exposed to Cr dust, even in low doses, and an additional risk of lung injury with higher Cr concentrations. Moreover, the study introduces inPDC (2 mg/kg)-instillation as a new experimental animal model suitable to study the acute brain and lung toxicities induced by intranasal exposure to Cr compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Hegazy
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Azza Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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