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Dvorakova M, Soudek P, Pavicic A, Langhansova L. The traditional utilization, biological activity and chemical composition of edible fern species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117818. [PMID: 38296173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ferns form an important part of the human diet. Young fern fiddleheads are mostly consumed as vegetables, while the rhizomes are often extracted for starch. These edible ferns are also often employed in traditional medicine, where all parts of the plant are used, mostly to prepare extracts. These extracts are applied either externally as lotions and baths or internally as potions, decoctions and teas. Ailments traditionally treated with ferns include coughs, colds, fevers, pain, burns and wounds, asthma, rheumatism, diarrhoea, or skin diseases (eczema, rashes, itching, leprosy). AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile the worldwide knowledge on the traditional medicinal uses of edible fern species correlating to reported biological activities and isolated bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The articles and books published on edible fern species were searched through the online databases Web of Science, Pubmed and Google Scholar, with critical evaluation of the hits. The time period up to the end of 2022 was included. RESULTS First, the edible fern species were identified based on the literature data. A total of 90 fern species were identified that are eaten around the world and are also used in traditional medicine. Ailments treated are often associated with inflammation or bacterial infection. However, only the most common and well-known fern species, were investigated for their biological activity. The most studied species are Blechnum orientale L., Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Marsilea minuta L., Osmunda japonica Thunb., Polypodium vulgare L., and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. Most of the fern extracts have been studied for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Not surprisingly, antioxidant capacity has been the most studied, with results reported for 28 edible fern species. Ferns have been found to be very rich sources of flavonoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, terpenoids and steroids and most of these compounds are remarkable free radical scavengers responsible for the outstanding antioxidant capacity of fern extracts. As far as clinical trials are concerned, extracts from only three edible fern species have been evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The extracts of edible fern species exert antioxidant anti-inflammatory and related biological activities, which is consistent with their traditional medicinal use in the treatment of wounds, burns, colds, coughs, skin diseases and intestinal diseases. However, studies to prove pharmacological activities are scarce, and require chemical-biological standardization. Furthermore, correct botanical classification needs to be included in publications to simplify data acquisition. Finally, more in-depth phytochemical studies, allowing the linking of traditional use to pharmacological relevance are needed to be done in a standardized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Soudek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonio Pavicic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Langhansova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Cytotoxic Activity, Cell Cycle Inhibition, and Apoptosis-Inducing Potential of Athyrium hohenackerianum (Lady Fern) with Its Phytochemical Profiling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2055773. [PMID: 35692581 PMCID: PMC9184205 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2055773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of Athyrium hohenackerianum ethanolic extract (AHEE) on the proliferation of breast, lung, and colon cancer cells. The AHEE was tested for its effect on the progression of the cell cycle, followed by induction of apoptosis determination by flow cytometry. Real-time qRT-PCR was also utilized to observe the initiation of apoptosis. In addition, GC-MS was performed in order to identify the active phytochemicals present in the AHEE. A cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 123.90 μg/mL against HCT-116 colon cancer cells was exhibited by AHEE. Following propidium iodide staining, annexin-V/PI, and clonogenic assays, AHEE treatment results in cell arrest in the S phase, causing an increase in the early and late phases of apoptosis and displaying antiproliferative potential, respectively. The morphological alterations were further monitored using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. When compared with the control cells, features of apoptotic cell death, including nuclear fragmentation, in the AHEE-treated cells were noticed. The apoptosis was also confirmed by detecting the increased expression of p53 and caspase-3 along with the downregulation of Bcl-2. GC-MS analysis revealed that trans-linalool oxide, loliolide, phytol, 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide, and gamma-sitosterol were the major phytochemical constituents. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that AHEE causes cellular death via apoptosis, which should be further explored for the identification of active compounds responsible for these observed effects. Therefore, AHEE can be used in the pharmaceutical development of anticancer agents for cancer therapeutics.
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Song CC, Qiao BW, Zhang Q, Wang CX, Fu YH, Zhu BW. Study on the domain selective inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by food-derived tyrosine-containing dipeptides. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13779. [PMID: 34060658 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the selective inhibition of several tyrosine-containing dipeptides on N and C domain of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) was studied, and the interaction mode of ACE and inhibitors was simulated by molecular docking. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of dipeptide on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results showed that the food-derived dipeptides AY (Ala-Tyr), LY (Leu-Tyr), and IY (Ile-Tyr) containing tyrosine at the C-terminal were favorable structures for selective inhibition of ACE C-domain. These dipeptides showed competitive and mixed inhibition patterns, while the dipeptides EY (Glu-Tyr), RY (Arg-Tyr), FY (Phe-Tyr), and SY (Ser-Tyr) showed noncompetitive inhibition. Food-derived dipeptides containing tyrosine have no cytotoxicity on HUVEC cells, which provides a basis for the application of food-derived tyrosine dipeptides as antihypertensive peptides. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the selective inhibition mechanism of ACE inhibitory peptides containing tyrosine residue. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a two-domain dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, which is a key enzyme to regulate blood pressure. ACE has two active sites, C- and N-domain, which have high catalytic activity. Although the amino acid sequences of the two active sites have 60% similarity, there are some differences in structure and function. The action mechanism of ACE domain should be clarified, and the structure-activity relationship between inhibitors and ACE domain has not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to identify the selective inhibitory effect of food-derived tyrosine dipeptides on the domain of ACE. This provides a new idea for finding new antihypertensive drugs with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Bian-Wen Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Huan Fu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P.R. China.,School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P.R. China
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Sheng JW, Liu DM, Jing L, Xia GX, Zhang WF, Jiang JR, Tang JB. Striatisporolide A, a butenolide metabolite from Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching, as a potential antibacterial agent. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:198-204. [PMID: 31115578 PMCID: PMC6579988 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of striatisporolide A (SA) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the underlying mechanism. Antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the inhibitory rate and zone of inhibition. The antibacterial mechanism was investigated by analyzing alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and ATP leakage, protein expression, cell morphology and intracellular alterations in E. coli. The results demonstrated that SA exerted bacteriostatic effects on E. coli in vitro. AKP activity and ATP leakage analysis revealed that SA damaged the cell wall and cell membrane of E. coli. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that SA notably altered the level of 10 and 35 kDa proteins. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed marked alterations in the morphology and ultrastructure of E. coli following treatment with SA. The mechanism underlying the antimicrobial effects of SA against E. coli may be attributed to its actions of disrupting the cell membrane and cell wall and regulation of protein level. The findings of the present study provide novel insight into the antimicrobial activity of SA as a potential natural antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wen Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Liang Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Xue Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Fen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Ru Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Cao L, Yan W, Gu C, Wang Z, Zhao S, Kang S, Khan B, Zhu H, Li J, Ye Y. New Alkylitaconic Acid Derivatives from Nodulisporium sp. A21 and Their Auxin Herbicidal Activities on Weed Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2811-2817. [PMID: 30789727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Five alkylitaconic acid (AA) derivatives, including two novel compounds, epideoxysporothric acid (2) and sporochartine F (5), and three known compounds, deoxysporothric acid (1), deoxyisosporothric acid (3), and 1-undecen-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (4), were obtained from the fermentation culture of the endophytic fungus Nodulisporium sp. A21. The auxin herbicidal activities of compounds 1-4 against weed seeds were investigated under laboratory conditions. In general, the tested compounds displayed radicle growth promoting activity at low doses and inhibitory activity at higher doses. Compounds 1 and 2 could significantly inhibit the radicle growth of dicotyledon weeds, Eclipta prostrata and Veronica persica, at a concentration range from 50 to 200 μg mL-1, while 3 notably stimulated radicle growth at the same concentration range. The results suggested that these AA derivatives have the potential to be used as the lead scaffold for novel auxin herbicide development. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of 1-4 were deduced based on 13C labeling experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Cao
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Gu
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Kang
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Babar Khan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing 210095 , P. R. China
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Athyrium plants - Review on phytopharmacy properties. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:201-205. [PMID: 31193938 PMCID: PMC6544609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Athyrium plants consist of more than 230 species that are largely distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region and the Western Pacific islands. Athyrium species are being used in traditional medicine worldwide to treat various ailments such as cough, rheumatic pain, scorpion stings, sores, burns and scalds, intestinal fever, pain, specifically breast pain during child birth, to increase milk flow, as an antiparasitic, anthelmintic, and carminative. A deep look in the literature has revealed that Athyrium species have been poorly investigated for their food preservative applications and in vivo and in vitro biological and phytochemical studies. However, some Athyrium species have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-HIV potential. Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching is the most investigated species and the biological activities of their extracts, such as they antioxidant properties, seem to be related to the sulfate contents of their polysaccharides. This review provides an update on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological properties of Athyrium plants that might be useful for further research. Of course, well-designed clinical trials will be required for some species to be used as therapy.
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Cao H, Chai TT, Wang X, Morais-Braga MFB, Yang JH, Wong FC, Wang R, Yao H, Cao J, Cornara L, Burlando B, Wang Y, Xiao J, Coutinho HDM. Phytochemicals from fern species: potential for medicine applications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:379-440. [PMID: 32214919 PMCID: PMC7089528 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferns are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Historically they have been used in many ways by humans, including as ornamental plants, domestic utensils, foods, and in handicrafts. In addition, they have found uses as medicinal herbs. Ferns produce a wide array of secondary metabolites endowed with different bioactivities that could potentially be useful in the treatment of many diseases. However, there is currently relatively little information in the literature on the phytochemicals present in ferns and their pharmacological applications, and the most recent review of the literature on the occurrence, chemotaxonomy and physiological activity of fern secondary metabolites was published over 20 years ago, by Soeder (Bot Rev 51:442-536, 1985). Here, we provide an updated review of this field, covering recent findings concerning the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacology of fern species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | | | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Fai-Chu Wong
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
- Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Ruibing Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Huankai Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221004 China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Laura Cornara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Polo Botanico, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Dogali 1M, 16136 Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Henrique D. M. Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri–URCA, Crato, CE Brazil
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