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Zheng X, Ji N, Campbell V, Slavin A, Zhu X, Chen D, Rong H, Enerson B, Mayo M, Sharma K, Browne CM, Klaus CR, Li H, Massa G, McDonald AA, Shi Y, Sintchak M, Skouras S, Walther DM, Yuan K, Zhang Y, Kelleher J, Liu G, Luo X, Mainolfi N, Weiss MM. Discovery of KT-474─a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable IRAK4 Degrader for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39151120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is an essential mediator of the IL-1R and TLR signaling pathways, both of which have been implicated in multiple autoimmune conditions. Hence, blocking the activity of IRAK4 represents an attractive approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The activity of this serine/threonine kinase is dependent on its kinase and scaffolding activities; thus, degradation represents a potentially superior approach to inhibition. Herein, we detail the exploration of structure-activity relationships that ultimately led to the identification of KT-474, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable heterobifunctional IRAK4 degrader. This represents the first heterobifunctional degrader evaluated in a nononcology indication and dosed to healthy human volunteers. This molecule successfully completed phase I studies in healthy adult volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis or hidradenitis suppurativa. Phase II clinical trials in both of these indications have been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhang Zheng
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Nan Ji
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Veronica Campbell
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Anthony Slavin
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Haojing Rong
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Brad Enerson
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Michele Mayo
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Chris M Browne
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Christine R Klaus
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Haoran Li
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Ginny Massa
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Alice A McDonald
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Yatao Shi
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Mike Sintchak
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Stephanie Skouras
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Dirk M Walther
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Karen Yuan
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Joe Kelleher
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Guang Liu
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Xinbo Luo
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Nello Mainolfi
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Matthew M Weiss
- Kymera Therapeutics, 500 N. Beacon Street, Fourth Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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Weng P, Lan M, Zhang H, Fan H, Wang X, Ran C, Yue Z, Hu J, Xu A, Huang S. Both IRAK3 and IRAK1 Activate the MyD88-TRAF6 Pathway in Zebrafish. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:362-372. [PMID: 38847613 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
IL-1R-associated kinases (IRAKs) are signal transducers of the TLR/IL-1R-MyD88-TRAF6 pathways. Vertebrates possess two IRAK lineages, IRAK1/2/3 and IRAK4. In mammals, IRAK4/IRAK1 and IRAK4/IRAK2 are pathway enhancers, whereas IRAK3 is a repressor. However, in bony fish, IRAK2 is absent, and it remains elusive how fish IRAK1/3/4 functionally differ from their mammalian counterparts. In this study, we explored this using the zebrafish model. First, we showed that in human 293T cells, zebrafish IRAK1 and IRAK4 were components of the Myddosome (MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK1) complex, with IRAK1 serving as a potent pathway enhancer. Then, we discovered two zebrafish IRAK3 variants: one (IRAK3a) contains an N-terminal Death domain, a middle pseudokinase domain, and a C-terminal TRAF6-binding domain, whereas the other (IRAK3b) lost both the kinase and TRAF6-binding domains. This truncation of IRAK3 variants could be a conserved phenomenon in fish, because it is also observed in trout and grass carp. We proceeded to show that zebrafish IRAK3a acts as a pathway enhancer by binding with MyD88 and TRAF6, but its activity is milder than IRAK1, possibly because it has no kinase activity. Zebrafish IRAK3b, however, plays a sheer negative role, apparently because of its lack of kinase and TRAF6-binding domains. Moreover, zebrafish IRAK3a/3b inhibit the activity of IRAK1/4, not by interacting with IRAK1/4 but possibly by competing for MyD88 and TRAF6. Finally, we have verified the essential activities of zebrafish IRAK1/3a/3b/4 in zebrafish cells and embryos. In summary, to our knowledge, our findings provide new insights into the molecular functions of fish IRAKs and the evolution of the IRAK functional modes in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwei Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjiao Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenrui Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zirui Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
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Zou Y, Wang X, Chen P, Zheng Z, Li X, Chen Z, Guo M, Zhou Y, Sun C, Wang R, Zhu W, Zheng P, Cho WJ, Cho YC, Liang G, Tang Q. Fragment-Based Anti-inflammatory Agent Design and Target Identification: Discovery of AF-45 as an IRAK4 Inhibitor to Treat Ulcerative Colitis and Acute Lung Injury. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10687-10709. [PMID: 38913701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
UC and ALI are inflammatory diseases with limited treatment in the clinic. Herein, fragment-based anti-inflammatory agent designs were carried out deriving from cyclohexylamine/cyclobutylamine and several fragments from anti-inflammatory agents in our lab. AF-45 (IC50 = 0.53/0.60 μM on IL-6/TNF-α in THP-1 macrophages) was identified as the optimal molecule using ELISA and MTT assays from the 33 synthesized compounds. Through mechanistic studies and a systematic target search process, AF-45 was found to block the NF-κB/MAPK pathway and target IRAK4, a promising target for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The selectivity of AF-45 targeting IRAK4 was validated by comparing its effects on other kinase/nonkinase proteins. In vivo, AF-45 exhibited a good therapeutic effect on UC and ALI, and favorable PK proprieties. Since there are currently no clinical or preclinical trials for IRAK4 inhibitors to treat UC and ALI, AF-45 provides a new lead compound or candidate targeting IRAK4 for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Xiemin Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Mi Guo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Chenhui Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
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Zhu G, Cai H, Xiao Q, Zeng S, Jiang X, Liu D. GRB7 plays a promoting role in the progression of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1262. [PMID: 38129809 PMCID: PMC10734061 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a clinically common tumor, showing an upward trend of both incidence and mortality. GRB7 has been identified as a vital regulator in tumor progression. This study aims to uncover the biological function of GRB7 in gastric cancer process. METHODS immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using a tissue microarray (TMA), quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of genes. Furthermore, gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MGC-803 were transfected with short hairpin RNAs against GRB7. The biological function of GRB7 in gastric cancer cells were examined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays. Then, in vivo tumor formation assay was conducted to explore the effects of GRB7 on tumor growth. Finally, expression levels of proteins related to cell functions were determined by Western blotting. Coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay was performed to assess the protein-protein interaction. RESULTS GRB7 was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and its expression was inversely proportional to survival of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, GRB7 knockdown inhibited proliferative, migratory abilities, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Further study suggested that GRB7 silencing could suppress gastric cancer tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, our study uncovered an important interaction between GRB7 and MyD88. Silencing MyD88 was observed to alleviate the malignant phenotypes promoted by GRB7 in gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study provided evidence that GRB7 may be an effective molecular targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shukun Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Donglan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, 330029, China.
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Hao Y, Ma J, Wang J, Yu X, Li Z, Wu S, Tian S, Ma H, He S, Zhang X. Synthesis and evaluation of dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as potent IRAK4 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115616. [PMID: 37413880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a key regulator to control downstream NF-κB and MAPK signals in the innate immune response and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Herein, a series of IRAK4 inhibitors based on a dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold was developed. Structural modifications of the screening hit 16 (IC50 = 243 nM) led to IRAK4 inhibitors with improved potency but high clearance (Cl) and poor oral bioavailability, as exemplified by compound 21 (IC50 = 6.2 nM, Cl = 43 ml/min/kg, F = 1.6%, LLE = 5.4). Structure modification aimed at improving LLE and reducing clearance identified compound 38. Compound 38 showed significantly improved clearance while maintained excellent biochemical potency against IRAK4 (IC50 = 7.3 nM, Cl = 12 ml/min/kg, F = 21%, LLE = 6.0). Importantly, compound 38 had favorable in vitro safety and ADME profiles. Furthermore, compound 38 reduced the in vitro production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both mouse iBMDMs and human PBMCs and was orally efficacious in the inhibition of serum TNF-α secretion in LPS-induced mouse model. These findings suggested that compound 38 has development potential as an IRAK4 inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jiawan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Sudan He
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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Bai YR, Yang WG, Hou XH, Shen DD, Zhang SN, Li Y, Qiao YY, Wang SQ, Yuan S, Liu HM. The recent advance of Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115606. [PMID: 37402343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) is a member of serine-threonine kinase family, which plays an important role in the regulation of interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) related signaling pathways. At present, the IRAK-4 mediated inflammation and related signaling pathways contribute to inflammation, which are also responsible for other autoimmune diseases and drug resistance in cancers. Therefore, targeting IRAK-4 to develop single-target, multi-target inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders is an important direction for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Moreover, insight into the mechanism of action and structural optimization of the reported IRAK-4 inhibitors will provide the new direction to enrich the clinical therapies for inflammation and related diseases. In this comprehensive review, we introduced the recent advance of IRAK-4 inhibitors and degraders with regards to structural optimization, mechanism of action and clinical application that would be helpful for the development of more potent chemical entities against IRAK-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Bai
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei-Guang Yang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Xue-Hui Hou
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan Li
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qiao
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Gosu V, Sasidharan S, Saudagar P, Radhakrishnan K, Lee HK, Shin D. Deciphering the intrinsic dynamics of unphosphorylated IRAK4 kinase bound to type I and type II inhibitors. Comput Biol Med 2023; 160:106978. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
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8
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Hao Y, Wang J, Ma J, Yu X, Li Z, Wu S, Tian S, Ma H, He S, Zhang X. Design, synthesis, evaluation and optimization of potent IRAK4 inhibitors alleviating production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced SIRS model. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106584. [PMID: 37163814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) has emerged as a therapeutic target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Through reversing the amide of CA-4948 and computer aided structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a series of IRAK4 inhibitors with oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold were identified. Compound 32 showed improved potency (IC50 = 43 nM) compared to CA-4948 (IC50 = 115 nM), but suffered from hERG inhibition (IC50 = 5.7 μM). Further optimization led to compound 42 with reduced inhibition of hERG (IC50 > 30 μM) and 13-fold higher activity (IC50 = 8.9 nM) than CA-4948. Importantly, compound 42 had favorable in vitro ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, compound 42 significantly reduced LPS-induced production of serum TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines in the mouse model. The overall profiles of compound 42 support it as a lead for the development of IRAK4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiawan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sudan He
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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9
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Gosu V, Sasidharan S, Saudagar P, Radhakrishnan K, Lee HK, Shin D. Deciphering the intrinsic dynamics of unphosphorylated IRAK4 kinase bound to type I and type II inhibitors. Comput Biol Med 2023; 160:106978. [PMID: 37172355 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a vital protein involved in Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor signal transduction. Several studies have reported regarding the crystal structure, dynamic properties, and interactions with inhibitors of the phosphorylated form of IRAK4. However, no dynamic properties of inhibitor-bound unphosphorylated IRAK4 have been previously studied. Herein, we report the intrinsic dynamics of unphosphorylated IRAK4 (uIRAK4) bound to type I and type II inhibitors. The corresponding apo and inhibitor-bound forms of uIRAK4 were subjected to three independent simulations of 500 ns (total 1.5 μs) each, and their trajectories were analyzed. The results indicated that all three systems were relatively stable, except for the type II inhibitor-bound form of uIRAK4, which exhibited less compact folding and higher solvent surface area. The intra-hydrogen bonds corroborated the structural deformation of the type-II inhibitor-bound complex, which could be attributed to the long molecular structure of the type-II inhibitor. Moreover, the type II inhibitor bound to uIRAK4 showed higher binding free energy with uIRAK4 than the type I inhibitor. The free energy landscape analysis showed a reorientation of Phe330 side chain from the DFG motif at different metastable states for all the systems. The intra-residual distance between residues Lys213, Glu233, Tyr262, and Phe330 suggests a functional interplay when the inhibitors are bound to uIRAK4, thereby hinting at their crucial role in the inhibition mechanism. Ultimately, the intrinsic dynamics study observed between type I/II inhibitor-bound forms of uIRAK4 may assist in better understanding the enzyme and designing therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Santanu Sasidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Prakash Saudagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Choudhary SA, Patra D, Sinha A, Mazumder S, Pant R, Chouhan R, Jha AN, Prusty BM, Manna D, Das SK, Tikoo K, Pal D, Dasgupta S. A small molecule potent IRAK4 inhibitor abrogates lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammation in-vitro and in-vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175593. [PMID: 36804543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports vanillin and its analogs as potent toll-like receptor signaling inhibitors that strongly attenuate inflammation, though, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that vanillin inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced toll-like receptor 4 activation in macrophages by targeting the myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent pathway through direct interaction and suppression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) activity. Moreover, incubation of vanillin in cells expressing constitutively active forms of different toll-like receptor 4 signaling molecules revealed that vanillin could only able to block the ligand-independent constitutively activated IRAK4/1 or its upstream molecules-associated NF-κB activation and NF-κB transactivation along with the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines. A significant inhibition of LPS-induced IRAK4/MyD88, IRAK4/IRAK1, and IRAK1/TRAF6 association was evinced in response to vanillin treatment. Furthermore, mutations at Tyr262 and Asp329 residues in IRAK4 or modifications of 3-OMe and 4-OH side groups in vanillin, significantly reduced IRAK4 activity and vanillin function, respectively. Mice pretreated with vanillin followed by LPS challenge markedly impaired LPS-induced IRAK4 activation and inflammation in peritoneal macrophages. Thus, the present study posits vanillin as a novel and potent IRAK4 inhibitor and thus providing an opportunity for its therapeutic application in managing various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saynaz A Choudhary
- Metabolic Disease Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Debarun Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Archana Sinha
- Metabolic Disease Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sayani Mazumder
- Metabolic Disease Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Rajat Pant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Raju Chouhan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Nath Jha
- Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Biswa Mohan Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sajal K Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Durba Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Suman Dasgupta
- Metabolic Disease Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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11
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Wang C, Chen Q, Tang M, Wei T, Zou J. Effects of TLR2/4 signalling pathway in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) after Edwardsiella tarda infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:299-307. [PMID: 36811195 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gambusia affinis is regarded as an important animal model. Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most serious pathogens affecting aquaculture. The study explores the effects of TLR2/4 partial signalling pathway in G. affinis of E. tarda infection. The study collected the brain, liver, and intestine after E. tarda LD50 and 0.85% NaCl solution challenge at different times (0 h, 3 h, 9 h, 18 h, 24 h, and 48 h). In these three tissues, the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT3, IRAK4, TAK1, IKKβ, and IL-1β were substantially enhanced (p < .05) then returned to normal levels. Additionally, Rac1 and MyD88 in liver had different trend with other genes in brain and intestine, which displayed significantly indifference. The overexpression of IKKβ, and IL-1β indicated that E. tarda also caused immune reaction in intestine and liver, which would be consistent with delayed edwardsiellosis, which causes intestinal lesions and liver and kidney necrosis. Additionally, MyD88 plays a smaller role than IRAK4 and TAK1 in this signalling pathways. This study could enrich the understanding of the immune mechanism of the TLR2/4 signalling pathway in fish and might help to prescribe preventive measures against E. tarda to prevent infectious diseases in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshi Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfei Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianli Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Chen Y, Tso K, Heckrodt TJ, Li H, Yen R, Lin N, Singh R, Taylor V, Masuda ES, Park G, Payan DG. Bicyclic pyrimidine compounds as potent IRAK4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128900. [PMID: 35863718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) plays a critical role in transduction of IL-1R/TLR signaling which is responsible for innate immune response. From HTS campaign, bicyclic-pyrimidine compounds have been identified as potent IRAK4 inhibitors, exhibiting good potency in both IRAK4 biochemical and LPS induced IL-23 inhibition cell-based assays. The SAR efforts were focused on further improving on-target potency, reducing PAD activities of HTS hit molecule and improving in vivo PK profiles of early lead compounds. When different aromatic rings were fused to the pyrimidine core, and with various substituents at 2- or 4-position of the pyrimidine, the impact on potency and PK properties were observed and are discussed. Selected compounds were further evaluated in IL-1β induced IL-6 inhibition acute animal model and rodent arthritis disease model, of which compounds 33 and 39 showed good efficacy in both studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Kin Tso
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Thilo J Heckrodt
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Rose Yen
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Nan Lin
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Vanessa Taylor
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Esteban S Masuda
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Gary Park
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Donald G Payan
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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13
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Chen Y, Singh R, Lin N, Taylor V, Masuda ES, Payan DG. Discovery of 5-Aryl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine Compounds as Potent and Selective IRAK4 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:714-719. [PMID: 35450353 PMCID: PMC9014513 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IRAK4 kinase plays a key role in TLR/IL-1R signaling pathways that regulate innate immune responses, and if uncontrolled, it is responsible for various inflammatory disorders. By high-throughput screening (HTS) and hit-to-lead optimization, compounds with a 5-aryl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine core structure have been identified as potent IRAK4 inhibitors. A cocrystal structure of IRAK4 protein with an early lead molecule helped with understanding the structure-activity relationship and the design of the new compounds. Initial HTS hits from this series of compounds were also found to inhibit TAK1 kinase, which would cause liver toxicity and potentially bone marrow failure. Optimization of this series resulted in improved selectivity over TAK1 kinase. The TAK1 selectivity was found to be closely associated with different sizes and types of substituents at the 5-position of the pyrimidine. The impact of other pyrimidine substituents on the potency and selectivity was also explored. A few representative compounds were evaluated in IL-1β-induced IL-6 inhibition animal model studies and showed modest efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nan Lin
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vanessa Taylor
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Esteban S. Masuda
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donald G. Payan
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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14
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He S, Dong G, Cheng J, Wu Y, Sheng C. Strategies for designing proteolysis targeting chimaeras (PROTACs). Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1280-1342. [PMID: 35001407 DOI: 10.1002/med.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) is a cutting edge and rapidly growing technique for new drug discovery and development. Currently, the largest challenge in the molecular design and drug development of PROTACs is efficient identification of potent and drug-like degraders. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and analyse state-of-the-art methods and strategies in the design of PROTACs. We provide a detailed illustration of the general principles and tactics for designing potent PROTACs, highlight representative case studies, and discuss the advantages and limitations of these strategies. Particularly, structure-based rational PROTAC design and emerging new types of PROTACs (e.g., homo-PROTACs, multitargeting PROTACs, photo-control PROTACs and PROTAC-based conjugates) will be focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Korppi M, Teräsjärvi J, Lauhkonen E, Törmänen S, He Q, Nuolivirta K. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 gene variation may increase post-bronchiolitis asthma risk. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:952-958. [PMID: 33020954 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evidence based on studies of the encoding genes suggests that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) plays a role in childhood asthma and allergy. Our aim was to evaluate the associations of six IRAK4 gene polymorphisms with presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) for asthma at 5-7 and 11-13 years of ages after hospitalisation for bronchiolitis at younger than 6 months of age. METHODS IRAK4 rs4251513, rs4251520, rs4251522, rs4251578, rs79154645 and rs13852554 polymorphisms were determined in 141 former bronchiolitis patients prospectively followed up until 5-7 and in 125 children until 11-13 years of age. RESULTS The homozygous variant IRAK4 rs4251513 genotype was associated with the presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and use of ICSs at 5-7 and 11-13 years of ages in univariate analyses. Statistical significance remained for the presence of asthma and use of ICSs but was lost in the case of allergic rhinitis in multivariate analyses. The adjusted odds ratios were 3.48 and 4.16 for asthma and 5.22 and 14.00 for ICS use at these two ages. CONCLUSION The homozygous variant IRAK4 rs4251513 genotype was constantly associated with post-bronchiolitis asthma and asthma medication in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Korppi
- Center for Child Health Research Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences Tampere University and University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | | | - Eero Lauhkonen
- Center for Child Health Research Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences Tampere University and University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Sari Törmänen
- Center for Child Health Research Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences Tampere University and University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland
- Department of Medical Microbiology Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Kirsi Nuolivirta
- Department of Pediatrics Seinäjoki Central Hospital Seinäjoki Finland
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16
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TLR expression profiles are a function of disease status in rheumatoid arthritis and experimental arthritis. J Autoimmun 2021; 118:102597. [PMID: 33493980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of the innate immune system has been established in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory disease, but less attention has been paid to its role in the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression profiles were analysed in tissues with differing disease status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and in experimental arthritis. TLR gene expression was measured in whole blood and monocytes, before and after TNF blockade. In RA and osteoarthritis synovia, the expression of TLRs was quantified by standard curve qPCR. In addition, four distinct stages of disease were defined and validated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the gold standard animal model for RA - pre-onset, early disease, late disease and immunised mice that were resistant to the development of disease. TLR expression was measured in spleens, lymph nodes, blood cells, liver and the paws (inflamed and unaffected). In RA whole blood, the expression of TLR1, 4 and 6 was significantly reduced by TNF blockade but the differences in TLR expression profiles between responders and non-responders were less pronounced than the differences between RA and AS patients. In RA non-responders, monocytes had greater TLR2 expression prior to therapy compared to responders. The expression of TLR1, 2, 4 and 8 was higher in RA synovium compared to control OA synovium. Circulating cytokine levels in CIA resistant mice were similar to naïve mice, but anti-collagen antibodies were similar to arthritic mice. Distinct profiles of inflammatory gene expression were mapped in paws and organs with differing disease status. TLR expression in arthritic paws tended to be similar in early and late disease, with TLR1 and 2 moderately higher in late disease. TLR expression in unaffected paws varied according to gene and disease status but was generally lower in resistant paws. Disease status-specific profiles of TLR expression were observed in spleens, lymph nodes, blood cells and the liver. Notably, TLR2 expression rose then fell in the transition from naïve to pre-onset to early arthritis. TLR gene expression profiles are strongly associated with disease status. In particular, increased expression in the blood precedes clinical manifestation.
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17
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Melgar K, Walker MM, Jones LM, Bolanos LC, Hueneman K, Wunderlich M, Jiang JK, Wilson KM, Zhang X, Sutter P, Wang A, Xu X, Choi K, Tawa G, Lorimer D, Abendroth J, O'Brien E, Hoyt SB, Berman E, Famulare CA, Mulloy JC, Levine RL, Perentesis JP, Thomas CJ, Starczynowski DT. Overcoming adaptive therapy resistance in AML by targeting immune response pathways. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/508/eaaw8828. [PMID: 31484791 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeted inhibitors to oncogenic kinases demonstrate encouraging clinical responses early in the treatment course; however, most patients will relapse because of target-dependent mechanisms that mitigate enzyme-inhibitor binding or through target-independent mechanisms, such as alternate activation of survival and proliferation pathways, known as adaptive resistance. Here, we describe mechanisms of adaptive resistance in FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase (FLT3)-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by examining integrative in-cell kinase and gene regulatory network responses after oncogenic signaling blockade by FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i). We identified activation of innate immune stress response pathways after treatment of FLT3-mutant AML cells with FLT3i and showed that innate immune pathway activation via the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and 4 (IRAK1/4) complex contributes to adaptive resistance in FLT3-mutant AML cells. To overcome this adaptive resistance mechanism, we developed a small molecule that simultaneously inhibits FLT3 and IRAK1/4 kinases. The multikinase FLT3-IRAK1/4 inhibitor eliminated adaptively resistant FLT3-mutant AML cells in vitro and in vivo and displayed superior efficacy as compared to current targeted FLT3 therapies. These findings uncover a polypharmacologic strategy for overcoming adaptive resistance to therapy in AML by targeting immune stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Melgar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Morgan M Walker
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lyndsey C Bolanos
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kathleen Hueneman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jian-Kang Jiang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patrick Sutter
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gregory Tawa
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Eric O'Brien
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Scott B Hoyt
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ellin Berman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher A Famulare
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John P Perentesis
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. .,Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20829, USA
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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18
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Liu S, Zhou A, Xie S, Sun D, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zou J. Immune-related genes expression analysis of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:92-100. [PMID: 32276038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The great Gambusia affinis (G. affinis) is considered as an important animal model to study the endocrine disruption, ecological behavior, and environmental pollutant. The present study aims to build a new promising infection model with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in aquaculture. The mRNA expression of Rac1, MyD88, IRAK4, TAK1, IKKβ, and IL-1β in G. affinis were significance higher (P < 0.05) in the liver of G. affinis than that of brain and intestine. And the PI3K mRNA expression level was significant lower (P < 0.05) in the intestine than that of brain and liver. The mRNA levels of AKT3 were significant higher (P < 0.05) in the brain than that of liver and intestine. And then the brain, liver, and intestine were collected at different time points (0 h, 3 h, 9 h, 18 h, 24 h, 48 h) after post injection of LD50 of A. hydrophila. The 0.85% NaCl was used as a negative control for the LD50 of A. hydrophila. The RT-PCR results showed that mRNA expressions of TLR2/4 pathway downstream genes MyD88, IRAK4, TAK1, Rac1, IKKβ, and IL-1β were firstly significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) and were then backed to the 0 h group levels in three tissues. In contrast, mRNA expressions of TLR2/4 pathway downstream genes PI3K and AKT3 were firstly significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and were then increased to the 0 h group levels in brain and intestine. In summary, the results indicated that A. hydrophila could cause inflammatory reaction in intestinal and brain. In addition, the liver showed a provocative reaction when infected with A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Di Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Zhuolin Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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19
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Rajapaksa NS, Gobbi A, Drobnick J, Do S, Kolesnikov A, Liang J, Chen Y, Sujatha-Bhaskar S, Huang Z, Brightbill H, Francis R, Yu C, Choo EF, DeMent K, Ran Y, An L, Emson C, Maher J, Wai J, McKenzie BS, Lupardus PJ, Zarrin AA, Kiefer JR, Bryan MC. Discovery of Potent Benzolactam IRAK4 Inhibitors with Robust in Vivo Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:327-333. [PMID: 32184965 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IRAK4 kinase activity transduces signaling from multiple IL-1Rs and TLRs to regulate cytokines and chemokines implicated in inflammatory diseases. As such, there is high interest in identifying selective IRAK4 inhibitors for the treatment of these disorders. We previously reported the discovery of potent and selective dihydrobenzofuran inhibitors of IRAK4. Subsequent studies, however, showed inconsistent inhibition in disease-relevant pharmacodynamic models. Herein, we describe application of a human whole blood assay to the discovery of a series of benzolactam IRAK4 inhibitors. We identified potent molecule 19 that achieves robust in vivo inhibition of cytokines relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joy Drobnick
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven Do
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aleksandr Kolesnikov
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Liang
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- WuXi Apptech, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | | | - Zhiyu Huang
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Brightbill
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ross Francis
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Yu
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Claire Emson
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi Apptech, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Brent S. McKenzie
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick J. Lupardus
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ali A. Zarrin
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James R. Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marian C. Bryan
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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20
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Minter BE, Lowes DA, Webster NR, Galley HF. Differential Effects of MitoVitE, α-Tocopherol and Trolox on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Signalling Pathways in Endothelial Cells Cultured under Conditions Mimicking Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E195. [PMID: 32110961 PMCID: PMC7139367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated differential effects of three forms of vitamin E, which accumulate in different cellular compartments, on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mRNA and protein expression profiles associated with the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) -2 and -4 pathways. Human endothelial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/peptidoglycan G (PepG) to mimic sepsis, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, or Trolox. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity were measured. NFκB-P65, total and phosphorylated inhibitor of NFκB alpha (NFκBIA), and STAT-3 in nuclear extracts, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production in culture supernatants and cellular mRNA expression of 32 genes involved in Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 pathways were measured. Exposure to LPS/PepG caused increased total radical production (p = 0.022), decreased glutathione ratio (p = 0.016), reduced membrane potential and metabolic activity (both p < 0.0001), increased nuclear NFκB-P65 expression (p = 0.016) and increased IL-6/8 secretion (both p < 0.0001). MitoVitE, α- tocopherol and Trolox were similar in reducing oxidative stress, NFκB activation and interleukin secretion. MitoVitE had widespread downregulatory effects on gene expression. Despite differences in site of actions, all forms of vitamin E were protective under conditions mimicking sepsis. These results challenge the concept that protection inside mitochondria provides better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen F. Galley
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB41 8TJ, UK; (B.E.M.); (D.A.L.); (N.R.W.)
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiao B, Nie J, Li X, Wang W, Wang H. The Roles of Alternative Splicing in Tumor-immune Cell Interactions. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:729-740. [PMID: 32560607 PMCID: PMC8388066 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200619123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) plays a significant role in the hallmarks of cancer and can provide neoantigens for immunotherapy. Here, we summarize recent advances in immune system associated tumor specific-antigens (TSAs) produced by AS. We further discuss the regulating mechanisms involved in AS-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses and the anti-tumoral and protumoral roles in different types of cancer. For example, ULBP1_RI, MLL5Δ21spe, NKp44-1Δ5, MHC-IΔ7, CD200SΔ1, 2, PVR α/β/γ/δ and IL-33 variants 1/2/3 act as regulators in solid tumors and IPAK4-L and, FOXP1ΔN100 exhibit functions in hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Address correspondence to these authors at Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Jiaochang E. Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Tel: +86-871-68191706; E-mail: ; and Department of Breast Cancer, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Tel: +86-13608815577; E-mail:
| | - Baowei Jiao
- Address correspondence to these authors at Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Jiaochang E. Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Tel: +86-871-68191706; E-mail: ; and Department of Breast Cancer, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Tel: +86-13608815577; E-mail:
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Address correspondence to these authors at Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Jiaochang E. Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Tel: +86-871-68191706; E-mail: ; and Department of Breast Cancer, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Tel: +86-13608815577; E-mail:
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22
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Zielinski MR, Systrom DM, Rose NR. Fatigue, Sleep, and Autoimmune and Related Disorders. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1827. [PMID: 31447842 PMCID: PMC6691096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. Fatigue is multi-faceted and broadly defined, which makes understanding the cause of its manifestations especially difficult in conditions with diverse pathology including autoimmune diseases. In general, fatigue is defined by debilitating periods of exhaustion that interfere with normal activities. The severity and duration of fatigue episodes vary, but fatigue can cause difficulty for even simple tasks like climbing stairs or crossing the room. The exact mechanisms of fatigue are not well-understood, perhaps due to its broad definition. Nevertheless, physiological processes known to play a role in fatigue include oxygen/nutrient supply, metabolism, mood, motivation, and sleepiness-all which are affected by inflammation. Additionally, an important contributing element to fatigue is the central nervous system-a region impacted either directly or indirectly in numerous autoimmune and related disorders. This review describes how inflammation and the central nervous system contribute to fatigue and suggests potential mechanisms involved in fatigue that are likely exhibited in autoimmune and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David M Systrom
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Noel R Rose
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Smith MA, Choudhary GS, Pellagatti A, Choi K, Bolanos LC, Bhagat TD, Gordon-Mitchell S, Von Ahrens D, Pradhan K, Steeples V, Kim S, Steidl U, Walter M, Fraser IDC, Kulkarni A, Salomonis N, Komurov K, Boultwood J, Verma A, Starczynowski DT. U2AF1 mutations induce oncogenic IRAK4 isoforms and activate innate immune pathways in myeloid malignancies. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:640-650. [PMID: 31011167 PMCID: PMC6679973 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spliceosome mutations are common in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but the oncogenic changes due to these mutations have not been identified. Here a global analysis of exon usage in AML samples revealed distinct molecular subsets containing alternative spliced isoforms of inflammatory and immune genes. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) was the dominant alternatively spliced isoform in MDS and AML and is characterized by a longer isoform that retains exon 4, which encodes IRAK4-long (IRAK4-L), a protein that assembles with the myddosome, results in maximal activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) and is essential for leukaemic cell function. Expression of IRAK4-L is mediated by mutant U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) and is associated with oncogenic signalling in MDS and AML. Inhibition of IRAK4-L abrogates leukaemic growth, particularly in AML cells with higher expression of the IRAK4-L isoform. Collectively, mutations in U2AF1 induce expression of therapeutically targetable 'active' IRAK4 isoforms and provide a genetic link to activation of chronic innate immune signalling in MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Smith
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gaurav S Choudhary
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lyndsey C Bolanos
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Dagny Von Ahrens
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanghyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Walter
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aishwarya Kulkarni
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK.
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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24
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Dadashian EL, McAuley EM, Liu D, Shaffer AL, Young RM, Iyer JR, Kruhlak MJ, Staudt LM, Wiestner A, Herman SEM. TLR Signaling Is Activated in Lymph Node-Resident CLL Cells and Is Only Partially Inhibited by Ibrutinib. Cancer Res 2019; 79:360-371. [PMID: 30498085 PMCID: PMC6342512 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature B cells driven by B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and activated primarily in the lymph node. The Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib effectively inhibits BCR-dependent proliferation and survival signals and has emerged as a breakthrough therapy for CLL. However, complete remissions are uncommon and are achieved only after years of continuous therapy. We hypothesized that other signaling pathways that sustain CLL cell survival are only partially inhibited by ibrutinib. In normal B cells, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cooperates with BCR signaling to activate prosurvival NF-κB. Here, we show that an experimentally validated gene signature of TLR activation is overexpressed in lymph node-resident CLL cells compared with cells in the blood. Consistent with TLR activation, we detected phosphorylation of NF-κB, STAT1, and STAT3 in lymph node-resident CLL cells and in cells stimulated with CpG oligonucleotides in vitro. CpG promoted IRAK1 degradation, secretion of IL10, and extended survival of CLL cells in culture. CpG-induced TLR signaling was significantly inhibited by both an IRAK1/4 inhibitor and ibrutinib. Although inhibition of TLR signaling was incomplete with either drug, the combination achieved superior results, including more effective inhibition of TLR-mediated survival signaling. Our data suggest an important role for TLR signaling in CLL pathogenesis and in sustaining the viability of CLL cells during ibrutinib therapy. The combination of ibrutinib with a TLR pathway inhibitor could provide superior antitumor activity and should be investigated in clinical studies. SIGNIFICANCE: CLL relies on the concomitant cooperation of B-cell receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling; inhibition of both pathways is superior to inhibition of either pathway alone. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/2/360/F1.large.jpg.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Piperidines
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptor Cross-Talk
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Toll-Like Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman L Dadashian
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erin M McAuley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Delong Liu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arthur L Shaffer
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ryan M Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica R Iyer
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael J Kruhlak
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah E M Herman
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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25
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Qi P, Huang H, Guo B, Liao Z, Liu H, Tang Z, He Y. A novel interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus is involved in inflammatory response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:213-222. [PMID: 30308290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) is considered as the most upstream kinase of IRAKs and plays a vital role in Toll-like receptor/Interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R) signal transduction. In the present study, IRAK4 from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus (McIRAK4) was identified and characterized. McIRAK4 showed the most similarity to its counterparts in bivalves. The conserved death domain (DD) and catalytic domain of serine/threonine kinases (STKc) were predicted in all examined IRAK4s. McIRAK4 transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues with the higher expression level in immune related tissues, and were significantly induced in haemocytes upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) challenge. Further, the expression of McIRAK4 was obviously repressed by dsRNA mediated RNA interference (RNAi), meanwhile the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL17 were down-regulated while the antiinflammatory cytokine TGF-β was up-regulated. Additionally, McIRAK4 showed a global cytoplasmic localization in HEK293T cells through fluorescence microscopy. These results collectively indicated that McIRAK4 is one member of IRAK4 subfamily and might play the potential signal transducer role in inflammatory response. The present study provides supplement for TLR-mediated signaling pathway triggered by pathogenic invasions in thick shell mussel, and contributes to the clarification of the innate immune response in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
| | - Huanqing Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zurong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Yuehua He
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
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26
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Xu Y, Liu H, Liu S, Wang Y, Xie J, Stinchcombe TE, Su L, Zhang R, Christiani DC, Li W, Wei Q. Genetic variant of IRAK2 in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and survival of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2400-2408. [PMID: 29978465 PMCID: PMC6205899 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway plays an important role in the innate immune responses and antigen-specific acquired immunity. Aberrant activation of the TLR pathway has a significant impact on carcinogenesis or tumor progression. Therefore, we hypothesize that genetic variants in the TLR signaling pathway genes are associated with overall survival (OS) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To test this hypothesis, we first performed Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to evaluate associations between genetic variants of 165 TLR signaling pathway genes and NSCLC OS using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). The results were further validated by the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility GWAS dataset. Specifically, we identified IRAK2 rs779901 C > T as a predictor of NSCLC OS, with a variant-allele (T) attributed hazards ratio (HR) of 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67-0.91, P = 0.001] in the PLCO dataset, 0.84 (0.72-0.98, 0.031) in the Harvard dataset, and 0.81 (0.73-0.90, 1.08x10-4 ) in the meta-analysis of these two GWAS datasets. In addition, the T allele was significantly associated with an increased mRNA expression level of IRAK2. Our findings suggest that IRAK2 rs779901 C > T may be a promising prognostic biomarker for NSCLC OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shun Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jichun Xie
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas E. Stinchcombe
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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TLR4 Signaling Pathway Modulators as Potential Therapeutics in Inflammation and Sepsis. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040034. [PMID: 28976923 PMCID: PMC5748601 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and acute inflammatory disorders that are becoming more and more frequent in developed countries. Modulation of the TLR4 pathway is a potential strategy to specifically target these pathologies. Among the diseases caused by TLR4 abnormal activation by bacterial endotoxin, sepsis is the most dangerous one because it is a life-threatening acute system inflammatory condition that still lacks specific pharmacological treatment. Here, we review molecules at a preclinical or clinical phase of development, that are active in inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88 and TLR4-TRIF pathways in animal models. These are low-molecular weight compounds of natural and synthetic origin that can be considered leads for drug development. The results of in vivo studies in the sepsis model and the mechanisms of action of drug leads are presented and critically discussed, evidencing the differences in treatment results from rodents to humans.
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Qi Z, Sun B, Zhang Q, Meng F, Xu Q, Wei Y, Gao Q. Molecular cloning, structural modeling, and expression analysis of MyD88 and IRAK4 of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:19-24. [PMID: 28408332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 and IRAK4 are important components of TLR signaling pathways. However, information about MyD88 and IRAK4 is vacant in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), a marine teleost with great commercial value. Thus, in this study the full lengths of trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were cloned from golden pompano using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR methods. trMyD88 was 1213 bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 288 amino acids (aa), consisting of a 99 aa of death domain at its N-terminal and a 137 aa of the TIR domain at its C-terminal. trIRAK4 was 1606 bp in length, encoding a putative protein of 469 aa, including an N-terminal death domain and a central kinase domain, connected by a ProST domain. Other domains or aa residues needed for their functions were also identified in trMyD88 and trIRAK4. Physicochemical features and 3-D structures of trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were also analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the 2 genes were ubiquitously expressed in tissues from healthy pompano, especially highly in the spleen and head kidney, indicating their roles in the immune response. Further, trMyD88 and trIRAK4 were up-regulated at 12 h after the Vibrio alginilyticus and polyI:C challenge and continued to 48 h post challenge. Our results demonstrated that MyD88 and IRAK4 played important roles in the golden pompano innate immune system, providing the basis for further study of the signaling pathways that these 2 genes are involved in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434020, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224051, China.
| | - Baobao Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region 53004, China
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434020, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224051, China
| | - Fancui Meng
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qiaoqing Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434020, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region 53004, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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29
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Upregulated IRAK1 and IRAK4 promoting the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 in Behcet’s disease. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:1947-1953. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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