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Zhang X, Wang L, Li R, Wang L, Fu Z, He F, Liu E, Han L. Identification strategy of Fructus Gardeniae and its adulterant based on UHPLC/Q-orbitrap-MS and UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS combined with PLS regression model. Talanta 2024; 267:125136. [PMID: 37703778 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is the desiccative and ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in the Rubiaceae family, which is a commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing away heat, detoxification, relieving restlessness, and eliminating blood stasis. At the same time, it has also been announced as the first batch of TCM with homology of medicine and food. Fructus Gardeniae Grandiflorae (FGG), the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai (Rubiaceae), is a common counterfeit herbal medicine of FG, which still appears in the TCM market, and causes a certain degree of confusion. In order to effectively distinguish FG and its adulterant, the compounds in these two species were thoroughly characterized firstly by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS). Furthermore, a pseudo-targeted metabonomics method with 60 targeted ion pairs was established based on UHPLC-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS) for discrimination. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that FG and FGG were clustered obviously, and 13 significantly differential markers were screened out by variable importance for projection (VIP) > 1 and p < 0.05 for the construction of the partial least squares (PLS) regression prediction model. The validation of the model proved that its prediction ability was quite satisfactory. Moreover, based on the absolute quantitative analysis of these 13 characteristics, the quality control standards of FG and FFG were established. In summary, an integral method of pseudo-targeted metabonomics combined with chemometrics analysis and a PLS regression model was proposed to provide an effective identification strategy for discrimination FG and FGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, PR China
| | - Rongrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Feng He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Li Y, Liu Z, Zeng M, El Kadiri A, Huang J, Kim A, He X, Sun J, Chen P, Wang TTY, Zhang Y, Gao B, Xie Z, Yu LL. Chemical Compositions of Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.) Extracts and Their Potentials in Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-ACE2 Binding, Inhibiting ACE2, and Scavenging Free Radicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14403-14413. [PMID: 36318658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is initiated by binding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells. Food factors capable of suppressing the binding between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 or reducing the ACE2 availability through ACE2 inhibitions may potentially reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. In this study, the chemical compositions of clove water and ethanol extracts were investigated, along with their potentials in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-ACE2 binding, reducing ACE2 availability, and scavenging free radicals. Thirty-four compounds were tentatively identified in the clove water and ethanol extracts, with six reported in clove for the first time. Clove water and ethanol extracts dose-dependently suppressed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2 and inhibited ACE2 activity. The water extract had stronger inhibitory effects than the ethanol extract on a dry weight basis. The clove water extract also had more potent free radical scavenging activities against DPPH• and ABTS•+ (536.9 and 3525.06 μmol TE/g, respectively) than the ethanol extract (58.44 and 2298.01 μmol TE/g, respectively). In contrast, the ethanol extract had greater total phenolic content (TPC) and relative HO• scavenging capacity (HOSC) values (180.03 mg GAE/g and 2181.08 μmol TE/g, respectively) than the water extract (120.12 mg GAE/g and 1483.02 μmol TE/g, respectively). The present study demonstrated the potential of clove in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Melody Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alem El Kadiri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jhongyan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ashley Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaohua He
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuohong Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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An online stepwise background subtraction-based ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry dynamic detection integrated with metabolic molecular network strategy for intelligent characterization of the absorbed chemical-fingerprint of QiangHuoShengShi decoction in vivo. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Surface Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Selective Sorbent for Affinity Fishing of PPAR-γ Ligands from Choerospondias axillaris. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103127. [PMID: 35630609 PMCID: PMC9144117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD), which has developed into one of the major diseases, was reported to be treated by the target of peroxisome proliferators-activate receptor γ (PPAR-γ). As a natural medicine long used in the treatment of CHD, there are few studies on how to screen the target active compounds with high specific activity from Choerospondias axillaris. To advance the pace of research on target-specific active compounds in natural medicines, we have combined magnetic ligand fishing and functionalized nano-microspheres to investigate the active ingredients of PPAR-γ targets in Choerospondias axillaris. The PPAR-γ functionalized magnetic nano-microspheres have been successfully synthesized and characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specificity, reusability, and reproducibility of the nano-microspheres were investigated with the help of the specific binding of rosiglitazone to PPAR-γ. In addition, the incubation temperature and the pH of the buffer solution in the magnetic ligand fishing were optimized to improve the specific adsorption efficiency of the analytes. Finally, with the aid of ultraperformance liquid chromatography plus Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS), the 16 active ligands including 9 organic acids, 5 flavonoids, and 2 phenols were found in the ethanolic extracts of Choerospondias axillaris. Therefore, the study can provide a successful precedent for realizing the designated extraction and rapid isolation of target-specific active ingredient groups in the complex mixtures.
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Comparative identification of the metabolites of dehydrocorydaline from rat plasma, bile, urine and feces by both the targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry strategies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Pan Y, Shao C, Zhang L, He Y, Yang J, Fu W, Yang J, Wan H. The effect of Guanxin Shutong capsule on alleviating the myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114169. [PMID: 33932513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guanxin Shutong (GXST) capsule is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the clinic. However, no pharmacological experimental studies of GXST has been reported on the treatment of pressure overload-induced heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GXST capsule on ameliorating myocardial fibrosis conditions in pressure overload-induced heart failure rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Normal group, Model group, GXST-treated group at a dose of 0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, respectively, and digoxin positive control group at a dose of 1 mg/kg. After 4 weeks of administration, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Cardiac injury and fibrotic conditions were evaluated by H&E staining, Masson staining, and Sirius Red staining. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. RESULTS GXST significantly inhibited cardiac fibrosis, reduced the excessive deposition of collagen, and finally improved cardiac function. GXST reversed ventricular remodeling might be through the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION GXST capsule demonstrated a strong anti-fibrosis effect in heart failure rats by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Pan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jintao Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiac-Cerebral Diseases, Yinchuan Cardiac-Cerebral Treatment Internet Hospital, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Ma Y, Wang W, Huang S, Guo C, Wang K, Zhang X, Zhang W, Wen A, Shi M, Ding Y. Investigation of the Multi-Target Mechanism of Guanxin-Shutong Capsule in Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Systems Pharmacology and Experimental Assessment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650770. [PMID: 34054530 PMCID: PMC8155632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanxin-Shutong capsule (GXSTC), a combination of Mongolian medicines and traditional herbs, has been clinically proven to be effective in treating cerebrovascular diseases (CBVDs). However, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of GXSTC in CBVDs remain largely unknown. In this study, a combination of systems pharmacology and experimental assessment approach was used to investigate the bioactive components, core targets, and possible mechanisms of GXSTC in the treatment of CBVDs. A total of 15 main components within GXSTC were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and a literature research. Fifty-five common genes were obtained by matching 252 potential genes of GXSTC with 462 CBVD-related genes. Seven core components in GXSTC and 12 core genes of GXSTC on CBVDs were further determined using the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and component-target-pathway (C-T-P) network analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis results predicted that the molecular mechanisms of GXSTC on CBVDs were mainly associated with the regulation of the vascular endothelial function, inflammatory response, and neuronal apoptosis. Molecular docking results suggested that almost all of core component-targets have an excellent binding activity (affinity < −5 kcal/mol). More importantly, in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) -injured rats, GXSTC significantly improved the neurological function, reduced the infarct volume, and decreased the percentage of impaired neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting results indicated that GXSTC markedly upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), while downregulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and transcription factor AP-1 (c-Jun) in MCAO-injured rats. These findings confirmed our prediction that GXSTC exerts a multi-target synergetic mechanism in CBVDs by maintaining vascular endothelial function, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory processes. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for GXSTC research and the clinical application of GXSTC in CBVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaojie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liu LJ, Li HF, Xu F, Wang HY, Zhang YF, Liu GX, Shang MY, Wang X, Cai SQ. Exploring the In Vivo Existence Forms (23 Original Constituents and 147 Metabolites) of Astragali Radix Total Flavonoids and Their Distributions in Rats Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS n. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235560. [PMID: 33256251 PMCID: PMC7729672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix total flavonoids (ARTF) is one of the main bioactive components of Astragali Radix (AR), and has many pharmacological effects. However, its metabolism and effective forms remains unclear. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn technique was used to screen and tentatively identify the in vivo original constituents and metabolites of ARTF and to clarify their distribution in rats after oral administration. In addition, modern chromatographic methods were used to isolate the main metabolites from rat urine and NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate their structures. As a result, 170 compounds (23 original constituents and 147 metabolites) were tentatively identified as forms existing in vivo, 13 of which have the same pharmacological effect with ARTF. Among 170 compounds, three were newly detected original constituents in vivo and 89 were new metabolites of ARTF, from which 12 metabolites were regarded as new compounds. Nineteen original constituents and 65 metabolites were detected in 10 organs. Four metabolites were isolated and identified from rat urine, including a new compound (calycoisn-3'-O-glucuronide methyl ester), a firstly-isolated metabolite (astraisoflavan-7-O-glucoside-2'-O-glucuronide), and two known metabolites (daidzein-7-O-sulfate and calycosin-3'-O-glucuronide). The original constituents and metabolites existing in vivo may be material basis for ARTF efficacy, and these findings are helpful for further clarifying the effective forms of ARTF.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Astragalus propinquus
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Drug Monitoring
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics
- Flavonoids/administration & dosage
- Flavonoids/chemistry
- Flavonoids/pharmacokinetics
- Metabolome
- Metabolomics/methods
- Molecular Structure
- Rats
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Xu
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (S.-Q.C.); Tel.: +86-10-8280-2534 (F.X.); +86-10-8280-1693 (S.-Q.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shao-Qing Cai
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (S.-Q.C.); Tel.: +86-10-8280-2534 (F.X.); +86-10-8280-1693 (S.-Q.C.)
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Zhu C, Cai T, Jin Y, Chen J, Liu G, Xu N, Shen R, Chen Y, Han L, Wang S, Wu C, Zhu M. Artificial intelligence and network pharmacology based investigation of pharmacological mechanism and substance basis of Xiaokewan in treating diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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