1
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Paul S, Chakraborty BB, Rao NVS, Choudhury S. New Calamitic Mesogens Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3587. [PMID: 39063879 PMCID: PMC11278991 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emitters or AIEgens are generally signified by their stronger photoluminescence in aggregation than in the solution state. Due to high emission efficiency in aggregate and solid states and good processability, organic AIEgens drew attention to the development of advanced luminescent materials. However, as mesogenic materials self-assemble to a different molecular arrangement in different phases, achieving liquid crystallinity and AIE properties in the same molecule would provide a valuable tool to develop solvent-independent AIEgenic materials. With this goal, the present work reports the synthesis of new organic thermotropic liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The synthesized compounds exhibit strong green luminescence in a solid state which sharply quenches upon entering smectic mesophase by heating. This is in addition to the exhibition of dispersion medium (solvent)-dependent emission, thus providing a dual mode of AIE. The mesogenic property of the synthesized compounds was studied by XRD, POM, and DSC. The AIE was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and variable temperature fluorescence microscopy. A DFT study was carried out to gain an insight into the AIEgenic behavior of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; (S.P.); (B.B.C.); (N.V.S.R.)
| | | | - Nandiraju V. S. Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; (S.P.); (B.B.C.); (N.V.S.R.)
| | - Sudip Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; (S.P.); (B.B.C.); (N.V.S.R.)
- Centre for Soft Matter, Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
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2
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Gon M, Morisaki Y, Tanimura K, Tanaka K. Preparation of seven-coordinated hypervalent tin(IV)-fused azobenzene and applications for stimuli-responsive π-conjugated polymer films. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11858-11866. [PMID: 38949783 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Heavy atoms can form highly coordinated states, and their optical properties have attracted much attention. Recently, we have demonstrated that a reversible coordination-number shift of hypervalent tin(IV) from five to six can provide predictable hypsochromic shifts in light absorption and emission properties in small molecules and a π-conjugated polymer film. Herein, we show the preparation of seven-coordinated tin and reveal that the binding constant of the seven coordination with ethylenediamine (EDA, K = 2900 M-1) is 200 times higher than that of six coordination with propylamine (PA, K = 14 M-1) owing to the chelate effect. Moreover, reversible vapochromism of the π-conjugated polymer film was observed upon exposure (λabs = 598 nm and λPL = 697 nm) and desorption (λabs = 641 nm and λPL = 702 nm) of EDA vapor. Furthermore, as a unique demonstration, the thermochromic film was prepared by fixing the seven coordination as the initial state using 1,10-phenanthroline. These optical variations are predictable by quantum chemical calculations. Our findings are valuable for the development of designable and controllable stimuli-responsive materials focusing on the inherent properties of the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Tanimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Salimbeigi G, Cahill PA, McGuinness GB. Solvent system effects on the physical and mechanical properties of electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for in vitro lung models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105493. [PMID: 36252423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties are among the key considerations for the design and fabrication of complex tissue models and implants. In addition to the choice of material and the processing technique, the solvent system can significantly influence the mechanical properties of scaffolds. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has been abundantly used to develop constructs, fibrous in particular, for pharmaceutical and biomedical research due to the flexibility offered by PCL-based fibrous matrices. The effect of solvent type on the morphological features of electrospun fibres has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies on the impact of the solvent system on the mechanical properties of electrospun PCL fibres are lacking. This study elucidates the relationship between topographical, physical and mechanical properties of electrospun PCL fibrous meshes upon using various solvent systems. The results of the mechanical investigation highlight the significance of inter-fibre bonds on the mechanical properties of the bulk membranes and that the option of altering the solvent system composition could be considered for tuning the mechanical properties of the PCL scaffolds to serve specific biomedical application requirements. The applicability of the developed membranes as artificial ECM (Extracellular matrix) in the lung will then be investigated and compared to the commercial Polycarbonate (PC) membranes that are often used for in vitro lung models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salimbeigi
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - P A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - G B McGuinness
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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4
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Mini-review on a polymers film detector for chloroform vapour: julolidine as fluorescent molecular rotors (JCFMRs). CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Wilcke T, Postole A, Krüsmann M, Karg M, Müller TJJ. Amphipolar, Amphiphilic 2,4-diarylpyrano[2,3- b]indoles as Turn-ON Luminophores in Acidic and Basic Media. Molecules 2022; 27:2354. [PMID: 35408766 PMCID: PMC9000430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile amphiphilic pyrano[2,3-b]indole for halochromic turn-ON luminescence in acidic or basic media is accessed by an insertion-coupling-cycloisomerization and adjusting solubilizing and phenolic functionalities. While almost non-emissive in neutral solutions, treatment with acids or bases like trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) reveals distinct luminescence at wavelengths of 540 nm or 630 nm in propan-2-ol, respectively. Turn-ON emission can be detected at pH values as mild as pH = 5.31 or 8.70. Quantum yields in propan-2-ol are substantial for protonated (Φf = 0.058) and deprotonated (Φf = 0.059) species. Photometrically, pKa1 of 3.5 and pKa2 of 10.5 were determined in propan-2-ol. With lipophilic polyether sidechains and hydrophilic protonation and deprotonation sites the molecule can be regarded as amphipolar, which results in good solubility properties for different organic solvents. In aqueous media, an organic co-solvent like propan-2-ol (35%) or tetrahydrofuran (25%) is needed, and the solution can be diluted with pure water without precipitation of the compound. At higher concentrations of water, a turbid solution is formed, which indicates the formation of micellar structures or clusters. With dynamic light scattering we could show that these clusters increase in size with increasing water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wilcke
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandru Postole
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Marcel Krüsmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.W.); (A.P.)
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6
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Li Y, Zha M, Yang G, Wang S, Ni JS, Li K. NIR-II Fluorescent Brightness Promoted by "Ring Fusion" for the Detection of Intestinal Inflammation. Chemistry 2021; 27:13085-13091. [PMID: 34224191 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores with emission in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) have displayed salient advantages for biomedical applications. However, the common strategy of reducing the energy bandgap of fluorophores so as to achieve red-shifted wavelengths always leads to compromised fluorescent brightness. Herein, we propose a molecular design concept of "ring-fusion" to modify the acceptor of AIEgen that can extend the luminous wavelength from NIR-I to NIR-II. The fused-acceptor-containing fluorophore yielded, TTQP, has an enhanced absorption coefficient with a higher brightness in nanoparticle formation compared to its NIR-I emissive counterpart (TTQ-DP) with a non-fused acceptor. Theoretical calculation further confirms that the ring fusion can efficiently promote the rigidity and planarity of the electron-deficient core, leading to a lower reorganization energy and nonradiative decay. The TTQP NPs yielded thus allow sensitive NIR-II fluorescence imaging of vasculature and intestinal inflammation in mice models. Therefore, we anticipate that our work will provide a promising molecular-engineering strategy to enrich the library and broaden the application scope of NIR-II fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Menglei Zha
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jen-Shyang Ni
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Photo-sensitive Material Advanced Research and Technology Center (Photo-SMART), National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 80778, Taiwan
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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7
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Liu X, Liang X, Hu Y, Han L, Qu Q, Liu D, Guo J, Zeng Z, Bai H, Kwok RTK, Qin A, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Catalyst-Free Spontaneous Polymerization with 100% Atom Economy: Facile Synthesis of Photoresponsive Polysulfonates with Multifunctionalities. JACS AU 2021; 1:344-353. [PMID: 34467298 PMCID: PMC8395608 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their tunable functionalities and advanced applications; thus, it is significant to develop facile in situ synthesis strategies, extend polymers family, and establish various applications for photoresponsive polymers. Herein, we develop a catalyst-free spontaneous polymerization of dihaloalkynes and disulfonic acids without photosensitive monomers for the in situ synthesis of photoresponsive polysulfonates at room temperature in air with 100% atom economy in high yields. The resulting polysulfonates could undergo visible photodegradation with strong photoacid generation, leading to various applications including dual-emissive or 3D photopatterning, and practical broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The halogen-rich polysulfonates also exhibit a high and photoswitched refractive index and could undergo efficient postfunctionalizations to further expand the variety and functionality of photoresponsive heteroatom-containing polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Liang
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109 China
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109 China
| | - Qing Qu
- Nano
Science and Technology Program and William Mong Institute of Nano
Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear
Water Bay, Hong Kong China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510530, China
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8
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A novel Bi-based crystalline molecular material: fluorescence response of the high efficient detection and recognition of the organic amines and white luminescence tuning. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Liu S, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Chuah C, Tang Y, Lam J, Kwok R, Ou H, Ding D, Tang B. A two-in-one Janus NIR-II AIEgen with balanced absorption and emission for image-guided precision surgery. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100087. [PMID: 33889836 PMCID: PMC8050777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in the near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) region opens up new avenues for biological systems due to suppressed scattering and low autofluorescence at longer-wavelength photons. Nonetheless, the development of organic NIR-II fluorophores is still limited mainly due to the shortage of efficient molecular design strategy. Herein, we propose an approach of designing Janus NIR-II fluorophores by introducing electronic donors with distinct properties into one molecule. As a proof-of-concept, fluorescent dye 2 TT-m, oC6B with both twisted and planar electronic donors displayed balanced absorption and emission which were absent in its parent compound. The key design strategy for Janus molecule is that it combines the merits of intense absorption from planar architecture and high fluorescence quantum yield from twisted motif. The resulting 2 TT-m, oC6B nanoparticles exhibit a high molar absorptivity of 1.12 ⨯104 M-1 cm-1 at 808 nm and a NIR-II quantum yield of 3.7%, displaying a typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attribute. The highly bright and stable 2 TT-m, oC6B nanoparticles assured NIR-II image-guided cancer surgery to resect submillimeter tumor nodules. The present study may inspire further development of molecular design philosophy for highly bright NIR-II fluorophores for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - H. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - C. Chuah
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Y. Tang
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - J.W.Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - R.T.K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - H. Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - D. Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - B.Z. Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou, 510530, China
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10
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Cui Y, Zhou Y, Liang G. Transformable fluorescent nanoparticles (TFNs) of amphiphilic block copolymers for visual detection of aromatic amines in water. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A kind of novel transformable fluorescent nanoparticle made of block copolymers is constructed for the sensitive detection of aromatic amines in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Cui
- PCFM lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yusheng Zhou
- PCFM lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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Molecular Rotors with Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) as Fluorescent Probes for the Control of Polyurethane Synthesis. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the use of fluorescent molecular rotors such as 9-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)julolidine (DCVJ) and 2,3-bis(4-(phenyl(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl) phenyl)amino)phenyl)fumaronitrile (TPETPAFN) was proposed for the real-time monitoring of polyurethane (PU) formation in a solution of dimethylacetamide starting with 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and different polyethylene glycols (PEG400 and PEG600) as diols. Notably, relative viscosity variations were compared with fluorescence changes, recorded as a function of the polymerization progress. The agreement between these two parameters suggested the innovative use of a low-cost fluorescence detection system based on a LED/photodiode assembly directly mountable on the reaction apparatus. The general validity of the proposed experiments enabled the monitoring of polyurethane polymerization and suggested its effective applications to a variety of industrial polymers, showing viscosity enhancement during polymerization.
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12
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Liu S, Li Y, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Structural and process controls of AIEgens for NIR-II theranostics. Chem Sci 2020; 12:3427-3436. [PMID: 34163616 PMCID: PMC8179408 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02911d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a cutting-edge fluorescence technology, giving highly-efficient solid-state photoluminescence. Particularly, AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with emission in the range of second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) have displayed salient advantages for biomedical imaging and therapy. However, the molecular design strategy and underlying mechanism for regulating the balance between fluorescence (radiative pathway) and photothermal effect (non-radiative pathway) in these narrow bandgap materials remain obscure. In this review, we outline the latest achievements in the molecular guidelines and photophysical process control for developing highly efficient NIR-II emitters or photothermal agents with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes. We provide insights to optimize fluorescence efficiency by regulating multi-hierarchical structures from single molecules (flexibilization) to molecular aggregates (rigidification). We also discuss the crucial role of intramolecular motions in molecular aggregates for balancing the functions of fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy. The superiority of the NIR-II region is demonstrated by fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging of blood vessels and the brain as well as photothermal ablation of the tumor. Finally, a summary of the challenges and perspectives of NIR-II AIEgens for in vivo theranostics is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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13
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Li Y, Liu S, Ni H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Chuah C, Ma C, Wong KS, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Qian J, Lu X, Tang BZ. ACQ‐to‐AIE Transformation: Tuning Molecular Packing by Regioisomerization for Two‐Photon NIR Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12822-12826. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Huwei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT) the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310020 China
| | - Clarence Chuah
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
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14
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Li Y, Liu S, Ni H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Chuah C, Ma C, Wong KS, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Qian J, Lu X, Tang BZ. ACQ‐to‐AIE Transformation: Tuning Molecular Packing by Regioisomerization for Two‐Photon NIR Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Huwei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT) the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310020 China
| | - Clarence Chuah
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
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15
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Synthesis of novel viscosity sensitive pyrrolo-quinaldine based styryl dyes: Photophysical properties, electrochemical and DFT study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Li Y, Cai Z, Liu S, Zhang H, Wong STH, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Qian J, Tang BZ. Design of AIEgens for near-infrared IIb imaging through structural modulation at molecular and morphological levels. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1255. [PMID: 32152288 PMCID: PMC7062876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging in near-infrared IIb (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) spectrum holds a great promise for tissue imaging. While few inorganic NIR-IIb fluorescent probes have been reported, their organic counterparts are still rarely developed, possibly due to the shortage of efficient materials with long emission wavelength. Herein, we propose a molecular design philosophy to explore pure organic NIR-IIb fluorophores by manipulation of the effects of twisted intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission at the molecular and morphological levels. An organic fluorescent dye emitting up to 1600 nm with a quantum yield of 11.5% in the NIR-II region is developed. NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging of blood vessels and deeply-located intestinal tract of live mice based on organic dyes is achieved with high clarity and enhanced signal-to-background ratio. We hope this study will inspire further development on the evolution of pure organic NIR-IIb dyes for bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhaochong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sherman T H Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Ge P, Zhou Y, Wu J, Zhu F, Ge M, Liang G. Self-Amplified Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Rapid and Visual Detection of Xylene in Aqueous Media. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2536-2545. [PMID: 31503452 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pollutant detection is of great importance for quality control of drinking water and environmental protection. The common methods of pollutant detection suffer from time-consuming procedures, bulky and expensive instruments, and complicated sample pretreatment. Herein, a type of conceptually new self-amplified fluorescent nanoparticle (SAFN) is constructed based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens for rapid and visual detection of xylene in aqueous media. AIE luminogens are self-assembled into SAFNs in aqueous media, which emit efficiently due to the aggregation of luminogen molecules. The SAFNs of AIE luminogens stick xylene molecules from aqueous media through multiple interactions including hydrophobic and π-π interactions. Upon capturing xylene, SAFNs swell, which quench the fluorescence of the whole SAFNs, showing the self-amplification effect. Such a self-amplification effect is entirely different from that of conjugated polymers in the literature. Importantly, fluorescence quenching of SAFNs by xylene can be readily observed by the naked eye, which enables visual xylene sensing. The SAFNs enable rapid and visual detection of xylene in aqueous media with a low detection limit (5 μg/L) in the order of seconds. Given high sensitivity, rapid response, simple and easy operation, and low cost, SAFNs of AIE luminogens present a promising platform for visual detection of organic pollutants in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ge
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yusheng Zhou
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jialong Wu
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fangming Zhu
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mingliang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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18
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Varejão JOS, Varejão EVV, Fernandes SA. Synthesis and Derivatization of Julolidine: A Powerful Heterocyclic Structure. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jodieh Oliveira Santana Varejão
- Grupo de Química Supramolecular e Biomimética (GQSB); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vinícius Vieira Varejão
- Grupo de Química Supramolecular e Biomimética (GQSB); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Sergio Antonio Fernandes
- Grupo de Química Supramolecular e Biomimética (GQSB); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 36570-900 Brazil
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19
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Zhou Y, Gao H, Zhu F, Ge M, Liang G. Sensitive and rapid detection of aliphatic amines in water using self-stabilized micelles of fluorescent block copolymers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:630-637. [PMID: 30721858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A kind of self-stabilized micelles of fluorescent block copolymers are constructed for rapid and sensitive detection of aliphatic amines in water based on capture-report strategy. An amphiphilic triblock copolymer functionalized with aggregation induced emission (AIE) chromophores self assembles into micelles with core-shell structures in aqueous solution. Hydrophobic AIE chromophores organize into cores, where hydrophobic interaction among the AIE chromophores inhibits the micelles from disassembling. The cores of AIE chromophores are surrounded by a corona of water-soluble polymer segments, endowing the micelles with superior dispersibility in water. Water-soluble polymer segments capture organic amines in water due to preferential hydrophobic interactions between them. The enriched amines in the corona subsequently diffuse into hydrophobic cores of micelles, quenching fluorescence of the AIE chromophores. The fluorescent micelles allow rapid detection of aliphatic amines in the order of seconds at a concentration as low as 8 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhou
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fangming Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mingliang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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20
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Liu S, Zhou X, Zhang H, Ou H, Lam JWY, Liu Y, Shi L, Ding D, Tang BZ. Molecular Motion in Aggregates: Manipulating TICT for Boosting Photothermal Theranostics. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5359-5368. [PMID: 30865831 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Planar donor and acceptor (D-A) conjugated structures are generally believed to be the standard for architecting highly efficient photothermal theranostic agents, in order to restrict intramolecular motions in aggregates (nanoparticles). However, other channels of extra nonradiative decay may be blocked. Now this challenge is addressed by proposing an "abnormal" strategy based on molecular motion in aggregates. Molecular rotors and bulky alkyl chains are grafted to the central D-A core to lower intermolecular interaction. The enhanced molecular motion favors the formation of a dark twisted intramolecular charge transfer state, whose nonradiative decay enhances the photothermal properties. Result shows that small-molecule NIRb14 with long alkyl chains branched at the second carbon exhibits enhanced photothermal properties compared with NIRb6, with short branched chains, and much higher than NIR6, with short linear chains, and the commercial gold nanorods. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that NIRb14 nanoparticles can be used as nanoagents for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal therapy. Moreover, charge reversal poly(β-amino ester) makes NIRb14 specifically accumulate at tumor sites. This study thus provides an excited molecular motion approach toward efficient phototheranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan 030001 , China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanlin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Dan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and Division of Biomedical Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong, China.,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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21
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Pucci A. Smart and Modern Thermoplastic Polymer Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1211. [PMID: 30961136 PMCID: PMC6290610 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart and modern thermoplastic polymer materials are defined as novel thermoplastic materials that are capable of responding to external stimuli through a macroscopic output in which the energy of the stimulus is transduced appropriately as a function of external interference. [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Wu Q, Ma H, Ling K, Gan N, Cheng Z, Gu L, Cai S, An Z, Shi H, Huang W. Reversible Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence for Visual and Selective Chloroform Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33730-33736. [PMID: 30203955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widespread in our daily life and greatly harmful to human health, as well as to the environment. To date, it remains a formidable challenge to develop a highly sensitive visual system for selective detection of VOCs. Herein, we report on a metal-free organic molecule of 2,4-di(10 H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (TDP) with ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) feature as a visible chemical probe for chloroform detection. In the pristine solid state, this phosphor shows a green UOP with a lifetime of 56 ms after the removal of excitation light source; however, the UOP greatly diminishes when fumed with chloroform, which is ascribed to the variation in both radiative and nonradiative transitions in crystal with embedded chloroform. Remarkably, TDP materials demonstrate great potential as a visual chemical probe for chloroform, showing high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and good repeatability. The limitation for chloroform detection is as low as 5 ppm. Combining experimental data and theoretical calculations, it is reasoned that the space confinement via intermolecular interactions between chloroform and TDP molecules play a vital role for high selectivity of chloroform detection. These results pave the way toward expanding the scope of organic luminogens with UOP as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Kun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Nan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Zhichao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211800 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , China
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23
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Julolidine-labelled fluorinated block copolymers for the development of two-layer films with highly sensitive vapochromic response. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Martinelli E, Annunziata L, Guazzelli E, Pucci A, Biver T, Galli G. The Temperature-Responsive Nanoassemblies of Amphiphilic Random Copolymers Carrying Poly(siloxane) and Poly(oxyethylene) Pendant Chains. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Luisa Annunziata
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
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Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Qiu Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. In Situ Monitoring of RAFT Polymerization by Tetraphenylethylene‐Containing Agents with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- NFSC Center for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Qiu Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. In Situ Monitoring of RAFT Polymerization by Tetraphenylethylene-Containing Agents with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6274-6278. [PMID: 29633451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach is demonstrated to visualize the polymerization in situ. A group of tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-containing dithiocarbamates were synthesized and screened as agents for reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations. The spatial-temporal control characteristics of photochemistry enabled the RAFT polymerizations to be ON and OFF on demand under alternating visible light irradiation. The emission of TPE is sensitive to the local viscosity change owing to its aggregation-induced emission characteristic. Quantitative information could be easily acquired by the naked eye without destroying the reaction system. Furthermore, the versatility of such a technique was well demonstrated by 12 different polymerization systems. The present approach thus demonstrated a powerful platform for understanding the controlled living radical polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National, Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science and Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No.9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,NFSC Center for Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Guazzelli E, Masotti E, Biver T, Pucci A, Martinelli E, Galli G. The self-assembly over nano- to submicro-length scales in water of a fluorescent julolidine-labeled amphiphilic random terpolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Elena Masotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
- INSTM, UdR Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
- INSTM, UdR Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
- INSTM, UdR Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13; Pisa 56124 Italy
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