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Bungala LDC, Park SU, Nguyen BV, Lim J, Kim K, Kim JK, Park CH, Le AT, Chung YS, Yeo HJ. Effect of LED Lights on Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities in Red Pakchoi Baby Leaves. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23420-23430. [PMID: 38854528 PMCID: PMC11154946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in Asian countries, and it is high in secondary metabolites. The availability, quantity, and quality of light play a critical role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of LEDs (light-emitting diodes; white, blue, red, and red + blue) on anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic levels in red pakchoi baby leaves. On the 24th day after sowing (DAS), red baby pakchoi leaves were harvested, and shoot length, root length, and fresh weight were measured. Among the different LED treatments, there was no significant difference in shoot length, whereas the highest root length was achieved in the red + blue LED treatment (23.8 cm). The fresh weight also showed a significant difference among the different LED treatments. In total, 12 phenolic and 7 glucosinolate individual compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The highest total glucosinolate (2937 μg/g dry wt) and phenolic (1589 μg/g dry wt) contents were achieved in baby leaves exposed to red + blue light. Similarly, the highest contents of total anthocyanins (1726 μg/g dry wt), flavonoids (4920 μg/g dry wt), and phenolics (5900 μg/g dry wt) were achieved in the red + blue treatment. Plants exposed to red + blue LED light showed the highest accumulation of anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds. For antioxidant activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical) free radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays were performed, and the antioxidant activity of red pakchoi baby leaves grown under red + blue LED light was found to be the best. The metabolic profiling of the identified metabolites revealed distinct separation based on the secondary metabolites. This research will be helpful for farmers to choose the best LED light combination to increase the secondary metabolic content in pakchoi plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel
Tarcisio da Cristina Bungala
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Mozambique
Agricultural Research Institute, Central Regional Center, Highway N° 6, P.O. Box 42, Chimoio 0606-01, Mozambique
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Van Nguyen
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lim
- Department
of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence
Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon
National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- Department
of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju
National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department
of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju
National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Martínez-Zamora L, Hashemi S, Cano-Lamadrid M, Bueso MC, Aguayo E, Kessler M, Artés-Hernández F. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Broccoli By-Products. Foods 2024; 13:1441. [PMID: 38790742 PMCID: PMC11120188 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to gain insight into the operating conditions that affect the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters to achieve the best recovery of bioactive compounds from broccoli leaf and floret byproducts. Therefore, total phenolic content (TPC) and the main sulfur bioactive compounds (sulforaphane (SFN) and glucosinolates (GLSs)) were assayed. Distilled water was used as solvent. For each byproduct type, solid/liquid ratio (1:25 and 2:25 g/mL), temperature (25, 40, and 55 °C), and extraction time (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 min) were the studied variables to optimize the UAE process by using a kinetic and a cubic regression model. TPC was 12.5-fold higher in broccoli leaves than in florets, while SFN was from 2.5- to 4.5-fold higher in florets regarding the leaf's extracts obtained from the same plants, their precursors (GLS) being in similar amounts for both plant tissues. The most efficient extraction conditions were at 25 °C, ratio 2:25, and during 15 or 20 min according to the target phytochemical to extract. In conclusion, the type of plant tissue and used ratio significantly influenced the extraction of bioactive compounds, the most efficient UAE parameters being those with lower energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Martínez-Zamora
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30071 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Seyedehzeinab Hashemi
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
| | - Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
| | - María Carmen Bueso
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (M.C.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Encarna Aguayo
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
| | - Mathieu Kessler
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (M.C.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Francisco Artés-Hernández
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
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Zhang ZB, Xiong T, Wang XJ, Chen YR, Wang JL, Guo CL, Ye ZY. Lineage-specific gene duplication and expansion of DUF1216 gene family in Brassicaceae. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302292. [PMID: 38626181 PMCID: PMC11020792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing domain of unknown function (DUF) are prevalent in eukaryotic genome. The DUF1216 proteins possess a conserved DUF1216 domain resembling to the mediator protein of Arabidopsis RNA polymerase II transcriptional subunit-like protein. The DUF1216 family are specifically existed in Brassicaceae, however, no comprehensive evolutionary analysis of DUF1216 genes have been performed. We performed a first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of DUF1216 proteins in Brassicaceae. Totally 284 DUF1216 genes were identified in 27 Brassicaceae species and classified into four subfamilies on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that DUF1216 genes within the same subfamily exhibited similar intron/exon patterns and motif composition. The majority members of DUF1216 genes contain a signal peptide in the N-terminal, and the ninth position of the signal peptide in most DUF1216 is cysteine. Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication is a major mechanism for expanding of DUF1216 genes in Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, Lepidium meyneii, and Brassica carinata, while in Arabidopsis thaliana and Capsella rubella, tandem duplication plays a major role in the expansion of the DUF1216 gene family. The analysis of Ka/Ks (non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate) ratios for DUF1216 paralogous indicated that most of gene pairs underwent purifying selection. DUF1216 genes displayed a specifically high expression in reproductive tissues in most Brassicaceae species, while its expression in Brassica juncea was specifically high in root. Our studies offered new insights into the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures and expressional patterns of DUF1216 members in Brassicaceae, which provides a foundation for future functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Bao Zhang
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Rui Chen
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Jing-Lei Wang
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Cong-Li Guo
- College of International Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Yi Ye
- School of Life and Health Science, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Rajib MMR, Sultana H, Gao J, Wang W, Yin H. Curd, seed yield and disease resistance of cauliflower are enhanced by oligosaccharides. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17150. [PMID: 38549777 PMCID: PMC10977091 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oligosaccharides have been demonstrated as promoters for enhancing plant growth across several crops by elevating their secondary metabolites. However, the exploration of employing diverse oligosaccharides for qualitative trait improvements in cauliflower largely unknown. This study was intended to uncover the unexplored potential, evaluating the stimulatory effects of three oligosaccharides on cauliflower's curd and seed production. Methods Two experiments were initiated in the early (15 September) and mid-season (15 October). Four treatments were implemented, encompassing a control (water) alongside chitosan oligosaccharide (COS 50 mg.L-1) with a degree of polymerization (DP) 2-10, oligo galacturonic acid (OGA 50 mg.L-1) with DP 2-10 and alginate oligosaccharide (AOS 50 mg.L-1) with DP 2-7. Results Oligosaccharides accelerated plant height (4-17.6%), leaf number (17-43%), curd (5-14.55%), and seed yield (17.8-64.5%) in both early and mid-season compared to control. These enhancements were even more pronounced in the mid-season (7.6-17.6%, 21.37-43%, 7.27-14.55%, 25.89-64.5%) than in the early season. Additionally, three oligosaccharides demonstrated significant disease resistance against black rot in both seasons, outperforming the control. As a surprise, the early season experienced better growth parameters than the mid-season. However, performance patterns remained more or less consistent in both seasons under the same treatments. COS and OGA promoted plant biomass and curd yield by promoting Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value and phenol content. Meanwhile, AOS increased seed yield (56.8-64.5%) and elevated levels of chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, while decreasing levels of hydrogen per oxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and disease index. The correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) supported these relations and findings. Therefore, COS and OGA could be suggested for curd production and AOS for seed production in the early season, offering resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses for cauliflower cultivation under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mijanur Rahman Rajib
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Hasina Sultana
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jin Gao
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mattila M, Takkinen HM, Peltonen EJ, Vuorinen AL, Niinistö S, Metsälä J, Ahonen S, Åkerlund M, Hakola L, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Veijola R, Haahtela T, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children-the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:537-545. [PMID: 38142920 PMCID: PMC10884602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies investigating the association among fruit, berry, and vegetable consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are few. OBJECTIVES In this cohort study, we explored whether the consumption of fruits, berries, and vegetables is associated with the IA and T1D development in genetically susceptible children. METHODS Food consumption data in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) cohort study were available from 5674 children born between September 1996 and September 2004 in the Oulu and Tampere University Hospitals. Diet was assessed with 3-d food records at the age of 3 and 6 mo and annually from 1 to 6 y. The association between food consumption and the risk of IA and T1D was analyzed using joint models adjusted for energy intake, sex, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, and a family history of diabetes. RESULTS During the 6-y follow-up, 247 children (4.4%) developed IA and 94 (1.7%) T1D. Furthermore, 64 of 505 children with at least 1 repeatedly positive autoantibody (12.7%) progressed from islet autoantibody positivity to T1D. The consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with decreased risk of IA [hazard ratio (HR): 0.83; 95% credible intervals (CI): 0.72, 0.95, per 1 g/MJ increase in consumption] and the consumption of berries with decreased risk of T1D (0.60; 0.47, 0.89). The consumption of banana was associated with increased risk of IA (1.08; 1.04, 1.12) and T1D (1.11; 1.01, 1.21). Only the association between banana and IA remain significant after multiple testing correction. CONCLUSIONS In children genetically at risk for T1D, the consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with decreased risk of IA and consumption of berries with decreased risk of T1D. In addition, the consumption of banana was associated with increased risk of IA and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mattila
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanna-Mari Takkinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi J Peltonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna-Leena Vuorinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Metsälä
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Ahonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Åkerlund
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Hakola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu University Hospital, Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Ligor M, Szultka-Młyńska M, Rafińska K, Cwudzińska A. Comparative Studies of Extracts Obtained from Brassica oleracea L. Plants at Different Stages of Growth by Isolation and Determination of Isothiocyanates: An Assessment of Chemopreventive Properties of Broccoli. Molecules 2024; 29:519. [PMID: 38276596 PMCID: PMC11154519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to develop analytical procedures for the isolation and determination of selected isothiocyanates. As an example, particularly sulforaphane from plants of the Brassicaceae Burnett or Cruciferae Juss family. The applied methodology was mainly based on classical extraction methods and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the release of isothiocyanates from plant cells was considered. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained plant extracts against a selected cancer cell line has also been included. The results allow evaluating the usefulness of obtained plant extracts and raw sprouts regarding their content of isothiocyanates-bioactive compounds with chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (K.R.); (A.C.)
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Cao L, Wang Y, Chen X, Deng F, Li Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Su R, Kim CK. Discovery of novel glucosinolates inhibiting advanced glycation end products: Virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation. Proteins 2023; 91:1351-1360. [PMID: 37163477 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation can result in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which pose a potential health risk due to their association with diabetic complications. Natural products are a source of drugs discovery and the search for potential natural inhibitors of AGEs is of great significance. Glucosinolates (GSLs) mainly from cruciferous plants have potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycation activities. In this study, the inhibitory activity of GSLs on bovine serum albumin (BSA) along with its mechanism was investigated by virtual screening and various computational simulation techniques. Virtual screening revealed that 174 GSLs were screened using Maestro based on the glide score and 89% of the compounds were found to have potential anti-glycation ability with the docking scores less than -5 kcal/mol. Molecular docking showed that the top 10 GSLs were bound to the IIA structural domain of BSA. Among them, glucohesperin (1) and 2-hydroxyethyl glucosinolate (2) had the lowest docking scores of -9.428 and -9.333 kcal/mol, respectively, reflecting their good binding affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations of 1 (ΔG = -43.46 kcal/mol) and 2 (ΔG = -43.71 kcal/mol) revealed that the complexes of these two compounds with proteins had good stability. Further binding site analysis suggested that the mechanism of inhibition of protein glycation by these two active ingredients might be through competitive hydrogen bonding to maintain the structural integrity of the protein, thus inhibiting glycation reaction. Moreover, the ADMET values and CYP450 metabolism prediction data were within the recommended values. Therefore, it can be concluded that 1 and 2 may act as potential anti-glycation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin'an Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fanyu Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Maosheng Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chan Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Sheu MJ, Yeh MC, Tsai MC, Wang CC, Chang YL, Wang CJ, Huang HP. Glucosinolates Extracts from Brassica juncea Ameliorate HFD-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3497. [PMID: 37630688 PMCID: PMC10458563 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. It spans a spectrum of diseases from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Brassica juncea is rich in glucosinolates and has been proven to possess many potential pharmacological properties, including hypoglycemic, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aims to investigate whether whole-plant Brassica juncea (WBJ) and its glucosinolates extracts (BGE) have hepatoprotective effects against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and further explore the mechanism underlying this process in vivo and in vitro. WBJ treatment significantly reduced body fat, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and inflammation; WBJ treatment also reversed the antioxidant enzyme activity to attenuate oxidative stress in HFD-fed rat liver. Moreover, WBJ and BGE enhanced the activation of AMPK to reduce SREBPs, fatty acid synthase, and HMG-CoA reductase but increased the expression of CPT-I and PPARα to improve hepatic steatosis. In addition, WBJ and BGE could ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting TNF-α and NF-κB. Based on the above results, this study demonstrates that WBJ and BGE ameliorate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Therefore, these treatments could represent an unprecedented hope toward improved strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Sheu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd. Yongkang Dist., Tainan City 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Chen Yeh
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pei Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
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Bravi E, Falcinelli B, Mallia G, Marconi O, Royo-Esnal A, Benincasa P. Effect of Sprouting on the Phenolic Compounds, Glucosinolates, and Antioxidant Activity of Five Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1495. [PMID: 37627490 PMCID: PMC10451838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouts are increasingly present in the human diet, being tasty and healthy foods high in antioxidant compounds. Although there is a body of literature on the sprouting of many plant species, Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz has not yet been studied for this purpose. This study aimed to characterize the main bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of seeds and sprouts of five different Camelina cultivars (ALBA, CO46, CCE43, JOELLE, and VERA). In particular, the contents of phenolic compounds (PCs), phenolic acids (PAs), and glucosinolates (GLSs) were investigated. PCs, PAs, GLSs, and the antioxidant activity of seeds differed among cultivars and were greatly increased by sprouting. A PCA analysis underlined both the effect of the cultivar (PC2) and the germination (PC1) on the nutritional properties of Camelina. The best nutritional properties of seeds were observed for ALBA and CCE43, while the best nutritional properties of sprouts were recorded for CCE43 and JOELLE, since the latter cultivar showed a greater enhancement in phytochemical content and antioxidant activity with sprouting. Finally, a UHPLC-UV procedure for the analysis of GLSs in Camelina was developed and validated. The performance criteria of the proposed method demonstrated that it is useful for the analysis of GLSs in Camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bravi
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Falcinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy; (B.F.); (G.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Giorgia Mallia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy; (B.F.); (G.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Ombretta Marconi
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy; (B.F.); (G.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Aritz Royo-Esnal
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy; (B.F.); (G.M.); (P.B.)
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10
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Alcarranza M, Villegas I, Recio R, Muñoz-García R, Fernández I, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. ( R)-8-Methylsulfinyloctyl isothiocyanate from Nasturtium officinale inhibits LPS-induced immunoinflammatory responses in mouse peritoneal macrophages: chemical synthesis and molecular signaling pathways involved. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37469300 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02009f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an optimal synthetic route to obtain natural (R)-8-methylsulfinyloctyl isothiocyanate ((R)-8-OITC), present in watercress, based on the "DAG methodology" as well as to evaluate its potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, exploring possible signaling pathways that could be involved in an ex vivo model of murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS. Treatment with (R)-8-OITC inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-18), intracellular ROS production and expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-2, iNOS and mPGES-1) through modulation of the expression of Nrf2, MAPKs (p38, JNK and ERK) and JAK/STAT, and the canonical and non-canonical pathways of the inflammasome. Taking all these together, our results provide a rapid and cost-effective synthetic route to obtain natural (R)-8-OITC and demonstrate that it could be a potential nutraceutical candidate for managing immuno-inflammatory pathologies. Therefore, further in vivo trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alcarranza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rocío Muñoz-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Catalina Alarcón-de-la-Lastra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC), Seville, Spain
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11
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Han Y, Liu L, Zang B, Liang R, Zhao X, Liu B. Advances in natural products and antibody drugs for SLE: new therapeutic ideas. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1235440. [PMID: 37492083 PMCID: PMC10363611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1235440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune systemic disease with a wide range of clinical symptoms, complex development processes, and uncertain prognosis. The clinical treatment of SLE is mainly based on hormones and immunosuppressants. Research on novel therapy strategies for SLE has flourished in recent years, especially the emergence of new targeted drugs and natural products that can modulate related symptoms. This review discusses the current experience including B-cell targeted drugs (belimumab, tabalumab, blisibimod, atacicept, rituximab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, obexelimab, and epratuzumab), T-cell targeted drugs (abatacept, dapirolizumab, and inhibitor of syk and CaMKIV), cytokines targeted drugs (anifrolumab and sifalimumab), and natural products (curcumin, oleuropein, punicalagin, sulforaphane, icariin, apigenin, and resveratrol). The aim of this paper is to combine the existing in vitro and in vivo models and clinical research results to summarize the efficacy and mechanism of natural drugs and targeted drugs in SLE for the reference and consideration of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
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12
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Bhat NA, Jeri L, Karmakar D, Mipun P, Bharali P, Sheikh N, Nongkynrih CJ, Kumar Y. Ethnoveterinary practises of medicinal plants used for the treatment of different cattle diseases: A case study in East Khasi Hill district of Meghalaya, North East India. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18214. [PMID: 37501975 PMCID: PMC10368863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction For generations, the inhabitants of Meghalaya have relied on medicinal plants to maintain the health of their livestock and treat various illnesses that may afflict their animals. Due to the lack of survey for use and documentation, these plants have never been undertaken. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the diversity, utilization, and phytochemical profile of these plants and quantitatively analyse the data to identify important medicinal plants. By doing so, we can better understand the potential of these plants for developing novel drugs. Methods Frequent field trips were made for the collection of ethnoveterinary data of medicinal plants from local animal-keepers, traditional healers (THs) and inhabitants of different age groups. This information was gathered through semi-structured interviews, individual discussions, direct field-use observation, and questionnaires. A total of 52 informants (35 females and 17 males) were interviewed from seven rural villages and the information obtained from them were quantitatively analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL). Additionally, for each documented plant, available published literature was extensively surveyed to identify the presence of bioactive chemical compounds responsible for their therapeutic effects. Results During the present study, a total 96 plants, distributed into 87 genera and 43 families were identified and recorded for their use in ethnoveterinary practices against more than 25 diseases. Out of the recorded plant species, the Fabaceae family was found to be the most dominant with seven species, followed by Poaceae and Lamiaceae with six species each, and Moraceae with five species. The leaves (50.00%) and seeds (12.50%) were the most frequently used plant parts, while the paste (30 species) was the common mode of application. Aegle marmelos Correa exhibited a fidelity level (FL) of 100% for indigestion, while Tagetes erecta L. had a fidelity level of 94.11% for wound treatment, making them the most promising candidates for further study. The highest FIC value of 1.00 was recorded for the treatment of neurological disorder (1.00), followed by foot and mouth disease (FIC 0.91), which depicted that some species were frequently utilized to treat multiple livestock ailments. Conclusion The study presents trustworthy information about medicinal plants and their associated indigenous ethnoveterinary knowledge. It has been scientifically proven that these plants contain bioactive compounds responsible for their therapeutic properties. However, this knowledge is in danger of being lost due to factors like socioeconomic changes, environmental and technological alterations, and lack of interest from younger generations. Therefore, it is essential to document this empirical folklore knowledge systematically and take measures to protect and conserve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad Bhat
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology (USTM), Ri-Bhoi, 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Licha Jeri
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Dolly Karmakar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Puranjoy Mipun
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Botany, Bhattadev University, Bajali, 781325, Assam, India
| | - Pankaj Bharali
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Biological Sciences and Technology Division (BSTD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Nilofer Sheikh
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Botany, Biswanath College, Biswanath Chariali, 784176, Assam, India
| | - Chester John Nongkynrih
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
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De Nucci S, Rinaldi R, Di Chito M, Donghia R, Giannuzzi V, Shahini E, Cozzolongo R, Pesole PL, Coletta S, De Pergola G, Giannelli G. The Replacement of Only One Portion of Starchy Carbohydrates with Green Leafy Vegetables Regresses Mid and Advanced Stages of NAFLD: Results from a Prospective Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102289. [PMID: 37242172 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold standard treatment for NAFLD is weight loss and lifestyle interventions, which require a diet enriched in fiber and reduced in sugars and saturated fats. Fibres may be advantageous for NAFLD patients since they reduce and slow the absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, lowering the energy density of the meal and increasing their sense of satiety. Furthermore, the polyphenol content and other bioactive compounds of vegetables have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties preventing disease progression. The aim of this study is to ascertain the effects of a diet enriched by green leafy vegetables and with a moderate restriction of carbohydrate intake in patients with NAFLD over a three month period. Among the forty patients screened, twenty four patients completed the clinical trial consisting of swapping one portion of carbohydrate-rich food for one portion of green leafy vegetables, and liver and metabolic markers of NAFLD were evaluated. All patients underwent routine blood tests, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, fibroscan, and fatty liver index (FLI) evaluation before and at the end of the study. The population under study (n = 24) had a median age of 47.5 (41.5-52.5) years and included mainly women (70.8%). We found that FLI, which is used to predict fatty liver (73 (33-89) vs. 85 (54-95), p < 0.0001) and the FAST score, which is a fibroscan-derived parameter identifying patients at risk of progressive NASH (0.03 (0.02-0.09) vs. 0.05 (0.02-0.15), p = 0.007), were both improved after changes in diet. The BMI (33.3 (28.6-37.3) vs. 35.3 (31.2-39.0), p < 0.0001), WC (106.5 (95.0-112.5) vs. 110.0 (103.0-124.0), p < 0.0001), neck circumference (38.0 (35.0-41.5) vs. 39.5 (38.0-42.5), p < 0.0001), fat mass (32.3 (23.4-40.7) vs. 37.9 (27.7-43.5), p < 0.0001), and extracellular water (17.3 (15.2-20.8) vs. 18.3 (15.9-22.7), p = 0.03) were also all significantly lower after three months of diet. Metabolic parameters linked to NAFLD decreased: HbA1c (36.0 (33.5-39.0) vs. 38.0 (34.0-40.5), p = 0.01), triglycerides (72 (62-90) vs. 90 (64-132), p = 0.03), and the liver markers AST (17 (14-19) vs. 18 (15-27), p = 0.01) and γGT (16 (13-20) vs. 16 (14-27), p = 0.02). In conclusion, replacing only one portion of starchy carbohydrates with one portion of vegetables for a three month period is sufficient to regress, at least in part, both mid and advanced stages of NAFLD. This moderate adjustment of lifestyle habits is easily achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Nucci
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Di Chito
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Donghia
- Unit of Data Science, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Giannuzzi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Endrit Shahini
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Coletta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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14
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Davosir D, Šola I. Membrane permeabilizers enhance biofortification of Brassica microgreens by interspecific transfer of metabolites from tea (Camellia sinensis). Food Chem 2023; 420:136186. [PMID: 37087866 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific metabolite transfer (ISMT) is a novel approach for plants biofortification. In this study, the effect of tea (Camellia sinensis; Cs), with or without membrane permeabilizers EDTA and Tween, as a donor plant on broccoli, cauliflower and kale sprouts was investigated. As a result, caffeine- and catechin-enriched broccoli, cauliflower and kale microgreens were produced. Kale sprouts were most permeable for catechins from Cs, while cauliflower was most permeable for caffeine. Cs + EDTA significantly increased vitamin C in broccoli and kale. Among the tested enzymes activity, pancreatic lipase was the most affected by the treatment with broccoli and cauliflower biofortified with Cs or Cs combined with permeabilizers. Broccoli sprouts biofortified with Cs most significantly inhibited α-amylase, while those biofortified with Cs combined with permeabilizers most significantly inhibited α-glucosidase. Results point to ISMT combined with membrane permeabilizers as a promising and eco-friendly biofortification strategy to improve the biopotential of Brassica microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Davosir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Karafyllaki D, Narwojsz A, Kurp L, Sawicki T. Effects of different processing methods on the polyphenolic compounds profile and the antioxidant and anti-glycaemic properties of horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana). Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-023-04248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHorseradish (Armoracia rusticana) provides human organisms with various effective treatments for improving human health, and it constitutes a salubrious root used for culinary purposes. This outcome derives from the chemical composition and polyphenols content of horseradish. This study's objective was to determine individual polyphenols, total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, colour parameters, inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGEs) formation and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) by DPPH and ABTS of horseradish products. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were analysed by HPLC-DAD-MS method. Horseradish products were obtained by thermal treatments such as boiling, baking and sous-vide. Fresh and sous-vide samples were characterized by the most abundant TPC values, whereas TFC horseradish indicated the highest value after boiling treatment. Moreover, the highest values of antioxidant capacity in fresh horseradish roots were detected. Flavonoids presented lower concentrations than phenolic acids, while syringic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound. Horseradish, after sous-vide treatment, appeared to have a higher inhibition of AGEs formation. Thermal treatment of horseradish root increased the saturation of yellow (b*) and red (a*) colours and decreased colour brightness. Our findings indicate that horseradish products are a valuable source of polyphenols, with their profile, content, and antioxidant and anti-AGEs formation activity modulated by applied processes.
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16
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So V, Poul P, Oeung S, Srey P, Mao K, Ung H, Eng P, Heim M, Srun M, Chheng C, Chea S, Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activities, and HPLC Analysis of Nine Edible Sprouts in Cambodia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062874. [PMID: 36985845 PMCID: PMC10059773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-nutritional health benefits of sprouts are unconfirmed. Thus, nine sprout methanolic extracts were tested for phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity. The TPC, TCC, TFC, TAC, and TALC were measured. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity. HPLC detected gallic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in the extracts. The sprout extracts contained six compounds, with caffeic acid being the most abundant. Gallic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, and rutin were highest in soybean, black sesame, mustard, sunflower, white radish, and black sesame sprouts, respectively. Sunflower sprouts had the highest level of TCC while soybean sprouts had the highest level of TFC, Taiwanese morning glory had the highest level of TPC, mustard sprouts had the highest level of TALC, and black sesame sprouts had the highest level of TAC. Taiwanese morning glories scavenged the most DPPH and ABTS radicals. Colored and white radish sprouts had similar ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Antioxidation mechanisms varied by compound. Our findings demonstrated that sprouts have biological effects, and their short time for mass production offers an alternative food source for health benefits, and that they are useful for future research development of natural products and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visessakseth So
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Philip Poul
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Sokunvary Oeung
- Division of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Pich Srey
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Kimchhay Mao
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Huykhim Ung
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Poliny Eng
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Mengkhim Heim
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Marnick Srun
- Department of Technology Research and Development, National Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Phnom Penh 120601, Cambodia
| | - Chantha Chheng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Sin Chea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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17
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Structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides from broccoli by-products with in vitro B lymphocyte stimulatory activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120432. [PMID: 36657866 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To study structure-function relationships of pectic polysaccharides with their immunostimulatory activity, broccoli by-products were used. Pectic polysaccharides composed by 64 mol% uronic acids, 18 mol% Ara, and 10 mol% Gal, obtained by hot water extraction, activated B lymphocytes in vitro (25-250 μg/mL). To disclose active structural features, combinations of ethanol and chromatographic fractionation and modification of the polysaccharides were performed. Polysaccharides insoluble in 80 % ethanol (Et80) showed higher immunostimulatory activity than the pristine mixture, which was independent of molecular weight range (12-400 kDa) and removal of terminal or short Ara side chains. Chemical sulfation did not promote B lymphocyte activation. However, the action of pectin methylesterase and endo-polygalacturonase on hot water extracted polysaccharides produced an acidic fraction with a high immunostimulatory activity. The de-esterified homogalacturonan region seem to be an important core to confer pectic polysaccharides immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, agri-food by-products are a source of pectic polysaccharide functional food ingredients.
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18
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Lučić D, Pavlović I, Brkljačić L, Bogdanović S, Farkaš V, Cedilak A, Nanić L, Rubelj I, Salopek-Sondi B. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. Var. acephala DC.) and Wild Cabbage ( Brassica incana Ten.) Polyphenolic Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041840. [PMID: 36838827 PMCID: PMC9958672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae are rich in healthy phytochemicals that have a positive impact on human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anticancer potential of traditional Croatian kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) and wild cabbage (Brassica incana Ten.) extracts. The phenolic groups and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry, selected phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and anticancer potential was evaluated in vitro using HeLa cells. The extracts of both plant species are rich in phenolic compounds and showed significant antioxidant activity at similar levels. LC-MS/MS detected sinapic acid as the most abundant phenolic acid, followed by ferulic acid, while salicylic acid was present at lower concentrations. A comparative analysis showed that wild cabbage contained significantly more sinapic acid, while kale contained more kaempferol and quercetin. Both Brassica extracts at a concentration of 50 µg mL-1 showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells, while they did not affect the proliferation of normal human skin fibroblasts. Wild cabbage extract also showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells at a lower applied concentration of 10 µg mL-1 of extracts. The clonogenic analysis also revealed the inhibitory effect of the extracts on HeLa colony growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Lučić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandro Bogdanović
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Cedilak
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Nanić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561143
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19
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Davis L, Lee K, Wierenga M, Running C. Salivary flow and turbidity development inconsistently associated with lower taste intensity of vegetables and juices. Food Qual Prefer 2023; 106:104807. [PMID: 36911249 PMCID: PMC9997117 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The same phytochemicals that stimulate aversive sensations are often also responsible for purported health benefits in fruits and vegetables. Prior work indicates that some salivary proteins may reduce aversiveness of phytochemicals. In rodents, the salivary binding proteins have been shown to reduce bitter taste of polyphenols and alkaloids, but work in humans has focused primarily on polyphenol astringency (dry, rough, or puckery sensations). In this study, we tested if tastes of vegetable products might correlate to either salivary flow rate or the polyphenol binding capability of saliva, as measured by turbidity development when saliva is mixed with tannic acid. Participants (N=26) provided chewing-stimulated saliva samples and rated five juices and two chopped vegetables for bitterness, sourness, and sweetness intensity. Saliva was mixed with tannic acid and light absorbance was measured for quantification of haze development. Greater absorbance corresponded to less bitterness for one green vegetable juice blend, less sweetness for two green vegetable juices and chopped kale, and less sourness from cranberry juice. Greater salivary flow corresponded to less bitterness from chopped brussels sprouts, and less sweetness from one green vegetable juice blend and chopped kale. These findings indicate that greater salivary flow rate and presence of certain salivary binding proteins is not universally associated with lower aversive tastes from phytochemical-containing foods. Whether associations between these salivary properties are ingredient specific or simply not robustly related to taste in commercial products should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissa Davis
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907
| | - Keona Lee
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907
| | - Madison Wierenga
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, 812 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907
| | - Cordelia Running
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907
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20
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Dayarathna NN, Gama-Arachchige NS, Damunupola JW, Xiao Z, Gamage A, Merah O, Madhujith T. Effect of Storage Temperature on Storage Life and Sensory Attributes of Packaged Mustard Microgreens. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020393. [PMID: 36836750 PMCID: PMC9966302 DOI: 10.3390/life13020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Short shelf life limits the commercial value of mustard microgreens. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different storage temperatures on postharvest quality and sensory attributes of mustard microgreens to identify the optimum storage temperature. Mustard microgreens were stored at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C in 150 µm polyethylene bags. Samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days and tested for changes in total chlorophyll content, tissue electrolyte leakage, weight loss, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes. Storage temperature significantly (p < 0.05) affected the product quality, shelf life, and sensory quality. When stored at 5 °C, mustard microgreens showed no significant changes in antioxidant activity or tissue electrolyte leakage and minimal change in other parameters and maintained good overall sensory quality for 14 days. Samples stored at 10 and 15 °C retained good overall sensory quality for 4 and 2 days, respectively. When stored at 20 and 25 °C, microgreens deteriorated beyond consumption within one day. A storage temperature of 5 °C in 150 µm polythene bags can preserve high postharvest quality and sensory attributes for 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayani N. Dayarathna
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Nalin S. Gama-Arachchige
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence: (N.S.G.-A.); (O.M.); Tel.: +94-776669844 (N.S.G.-A.); +33-(0)5-34323523 (O.M.)
| | - Jilushi W. Damunupola
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Zhenlei Xiao
- Department of Culinary Science and Product Development, College of Food Innovation & Technology, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Ashoka Gamage
- Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Othmane Merah
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France
- Département Génie Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, IUT A, 32000 Auch, France
- Correspondence: (N.S.G.-A.); (O.M.); Tel.: +94-776669844 (N.S.G.-A.); +33-(0)5-34323523 (O.M.)
| | - Terrence Madhujith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
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21
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Genetic Dissection and Germplasm Selection of the Low Crude Fiber Component in Brassica napus L. Shoots. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020403. [PMID: 36673495 PMCID: PMC9857593 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and B. napus shoots are nutrient-rich fresh vegetables. The crude fiber (CF) component is one of the most important factors affecting the taste quality of B. napus shoots, but the factors underlying the desirable low-CF trait remain poorly understood. METHODS In this study, a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for five CF-related traits in a recombinant inbred population. RESULTS A total of 49 QTLs were obtained in four environments, including eleven, twelve, eight, twelve and six QTLs for content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by single QTL ranged from 4.62% to 14.76%. Eight of these QTLs were further integrated into four unique QTLs, which controlled two different traits simultaneously. Five CF-component-related candidate genes were identified, among which BnaC03g07110D and BnaC07g21271D were considered to be the most likely candidate genes. In addition, five lines with low CF content were selected, which can be used as excellent germplasm resources in breeding. CONCLUSIONS The QTLs identified in this study will contribute to our understanding of the genetic mechanism of CF and can be used as targets for reducing CF content in B. napus shoots. In addition, this study also provided excellent germplasm resources for low CF content breeding.
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22
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Montaner C, Mallor C, Laguna S, Zufiaurre R. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and mineral content of bróquil: A traditional crop of Brassica oleracea var. italica. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1006012. [PMID: 36704797 PMCID: PMC9873232 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae edible plants are rich in bioactive compounds and promote health benefits. However, there is less interest in expanding knowledge about the Brassica cultivars to date. In particular, underutilized species and local cultivars could constitute a source of agrodiversity in adapting to the territory with likely higher contents of nutraceutical compounds. In this context, Bróquil (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a traditional Brassicaceae crop grown in the Spanish region of Aragón. Currently, it is cultivated mainly in family orchards for autoconsumption and, in minority, in small farms for local markets. This study evaluates a collection of 13 bróquil landraces from the Spanish Vegetable Genebank of the Agrifood Research and Technology Center of Zaragoza (BGHZ-CITA), describing their mineral contents, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities, including a broccoli commercial variety "Parthenon" as the control. The study reports data on the health-promoting nutrients and antioxidants of bróquil for the first time. Under our experimental conditions, we found that bróquil has a great variability for these compounds that showed on average similar or higher levels than the broccoli control. The different bróquil landraces also revealed variability in both intraccessions and interaccessions due to the lack of a formal breeding selection. Despite this variability, we highlight accession HB5 that corresponds to Headed Bróquil BGHZ6685. In particular, we can stand out its antioxidant activity of 87.07 ± 0.81%I, total phenolic content of 13.21 ± 0.53 mg GAE g-1 dw, total flavonoid content of 14.50 ± 1.29 mg QE g-1 dw, total glucosinolate content of 43.70 ± 1.09 mg SnE g-1 dw, and vitamin C content of 7.21 ± 0.13 mg AA g-1 dw. Regarding bróquil mineral composition, K was the highest macroelement (22.66-33.62 mg g-1 dw), followed by Ca, P, and S whose values were relatively lower compared to K. Mg and Na showed the lowest values. Among the microelements evaluated (Mn, Zn, and Fe), iron was the most abundant detected, higher in all bróquil accessions than in broccoli, except for one accession. Therefore, the results reported for bróquil landraces show promising nutritional quality. This could lead to an increase in agrobiodiversity and contribute to a more diversified and healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Montaner
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,*Correspondence: Celia Montaner ✉
| | - Cristina Mallor
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain,Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain,Cristina Mallor ✉
| | - Sonia Laguna
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Raquel Zufiaurre
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón-IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Zheng S, Szymański J, Shahaf N, Malitsky S, Meir S, Wang X, Aharoni A, Rogachev I. Metabolic diversity in a collection of wild and cultivated Brassica rapa subspecies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:953189. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.953189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) and its subspecies contain many bioactive metabolites that are important for plant defense and human health. This study aimed at investigating the metabolite composition and variation among a large collection of B. rapa genotypes, including subspecies and their accessions. Metabolite profiling of leaves of 102 B. rapa genotypes was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS). In total, 346 metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were tentatively identified; 36 out of them were assigned with high confidence using authentic standards and 184 were those reported in B. rapa leaves for the first time. The accumulation and variation of metabolites among genotypes were characterized and compared to their phylogenetic distance. We found 47 metabolites, mostly representing anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives that displayed a significant correlation to the phylogenetic relatedness and determined four major phylometabolic branches; 1) Chinese cabbage, 2) yellow sarson and rapid cycling, 3) the mizuna-komatsuna-turnip-caitai; and 4) a mixed cluster. These metabolites denote the selective pressure on the metabolic network during B. rapa breeding. We present a unique study that combines metabolite profiling data with phylogenetic analysis in a large collection of B. rapa subspecies. We showed how selective breeding utilizes the biochemical potential of wild B. rapa leading to highly diverse metabolic phenotypes. Our work provides the basis for further studies on B. rapa metabolism and nutritional traits improvement.
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24
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Zhou B, Huang W, Feng X, Liu Q, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y. Identification and quantification of intact glucosinolates at different vegetative growth periods in Chinese cabbage cultivars by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Food Chem 2022; 393:133414. [PMID: 35696949 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate glucosinolate variations in Chinese cabbage cultivars at different growth periods. Glucosinolates in two types of Chinese cabbage (Xiayangbai and Zaoshu-5) at different growth periods (seeds, germination, seedling, and rosette period) were investigated. Thirteen glucosinolates were identified and quantified using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Concentrations of the glucosinolates were significantly different between Xiayangbai and Zaoshu-5. The seed period generated the highest concentration of glucosinolates, and aliphatic glucosinolate predominated in seeds, seedling, and leaves of the rosette as well as during germination. However, the dominant glucosinolate in the roots was an aromatic glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). In addition, glucoerucin was only found in the roots of rosettes. There were positive significant correlations with each other among gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. Our results released the metabolism pathways of glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage, which provided scientific evidence to develop functional foods with higher glucosinolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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25
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Recent advances in the development of smart, active, and bioactive biodegradable biopolymer-based films containing betalains. Food Chem 2022; 390:133149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Mitra S, Emran TB, Chandran D, Zidan BMRM, Das R, Mamada SS, Masyita A, Salampe M, Nainu F, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Simal-Gandara J. Cruciferous vegetables as a treasure of functional foods bioactive compounds: Targeting p53 family in gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951935. [PMID: 35990357 PMCID: PMC9386315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, phytochemicals from natural products have gotten the boundless praise in treating cancer. The promising role of cruciferous vegetables and active components contained in these vegetables, such as isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, and isothiocyanates, has been widely researched in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. The chemopreventive agents produced from the cruciferous vegetables were recurrently proven to affect carcinogenesis throughout the onset and developmental phases of cancer formation. Likewise, findings from clinical investigations and epidemiological research supported this statement. The anticancer activities of these functional foods bioactive compounds are closely related to their ability to upregulate p53 and its related target genes, e.g., p21. As the “guardian of the genome,” the p53 family (p53, p63, and p73) plays a pivotal role in preventing the cancer progression associated with DNA damage. This review discusses the functional foods bioactive compounds derived from several cruciferous vegetables and their use in altering the tumor-suppressive effect of p53 proteins. The association between the mutation of p53 and the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies (gastric, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers) is also discussed. This review contains crucial information about the use of cruciferous vegetables in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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27
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Wang J, Mao S, Liang M, Zhang W, Chen F, Huang K, Wu Q. Preharvest Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Increased Glucosinolate Biosynthesis, Sulforaphane Accumulation, and Antioxidant Activity of Broccoli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071298. [PMID: 35883789 PMCID: PMC9312100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli is becoming increasingly popular among consumers owing to its nutritional value and rich bioactive compounds, such glucosinolates (GSLs) and hydrolysis products, which are secondary metabolites for plant defense, cancer prevention, and higher antioxidant activity for humans. In this study, 40 μmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was sprayed onto broccoli from budding until harvest. The harvested broccoli florets, stem, and leaves were used to measure the contents of GSLs, sulforaphane, total phenolics, and flavonoids, as well as myrosinase activity, antioxidant activity, and gene expression involved in GSL biosynthesis. The overall results revealed that GSL biosynthesis and sulforaphane accumulation were most likely induced by exogenous MeJA treatment by upregulating the expression of CYP83A1, SUR1, UGT74B1, and SOT18 genes. Exogenous MeJA treatment more remarkably contributed to the increased GSL biosynthesis in broccoli cultivars with low-level GSL content (Yanxiu) than that with high-level GSLs (Xianglv No.3). Moreover, MeJA treatment had a more remarkable increasing effect in broccoli florets than stem and leaves. Interestingly, total flavonoid content substantially increased in broccoli florets after MeJA treatment, but total phenolics did not. Similarly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were higher in broccoli floret after MeJA treatment. In conclusion, MeJA mediated bioactive compound metabolism, had positive effects on GSL biosynthesis, sulforaphane, and flavonoids accumulation, and showed positive correlation on inducing higher antioxidant activities in broccoli floret. Hence, preharvest supplementation with 40 μM MeJA could be a good way to improve the nutritional value of broccoli florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fangzhen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (Q.W.)
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28
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Carrillo C, Nieto G, Martínez-Zamora L, Ros G, Kamiloglu S, Munekata PES, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM, Fernández-López J, Viuda-Martos M, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Barba FJ. Novel Approaches for the Recovery of Natural Pigments with Potential Health Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6864-6883. [PMID: 35040324 PMCID: PMC9204822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The current increased industrial food production has led to a significant rise in the amount of food waste generated. These food wastes, especially fruit and vegetable byproducts, are good sources of natural pigments, such as anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and chlorophylls, with both coloring and health-related properties. Therefore, recovery of natural pigments from food wastes is important for both economic and environmental reasons. Conventional methods that are used to extract natural pigments from food wastes are time-consuming, expensive, and unsustainable. In addition, natural pigments are sensitive to high temperatures and prolonged processing times that are applied during conventional treatments. In this sense, the present review provides an elucidation of the latest research on the extraction of pigments from the agri-food industry and how their consumption may improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Carrillo
- Nutrición
y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department
of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Martínez-Zamora
- Department
of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Ros
- Department
of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Senem Kamiloglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
- Science
and Technology Application and Research Center (BITUAM), Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro
Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avenida Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico
de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas 32900, Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro
Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avenida Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico
de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas 32900, Ourense, Spain
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro
Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avenida Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnológico
de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas 32900, Ourense, Spain
- Área
de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juana Fernández-López
- IPOA
Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación
e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA
Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación
e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Ángel Pérez-Álvarez
- IPOA
Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación
e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition
and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food
Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Yue L, Li Y, Zhong M, Chai X, Zhao P, Huang R, Kang Y, Yang X. Benzoic Acid, Chlorine Dioxide, and 1-Methylcyclopropene Induce Flavonoid Metabolic Shifts in Postharvest Flowering Chinese Cabbage Revealed by High-Dimensional Analytical Data. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116011. [PMID: 35682691 PMCID: PMC9180784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) is one of the most popular vegetables in China. However, the loss of the functional ingredients in postharvest flowering Chinese cabbage during storage is still serious, owing to the unclear causes of the metabolic shifts. Herein, benzoic acid, chlorine dioxide, and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) could maintain the quality of postharvest flowering Chinese cabbage, and 1-MCP showed the best effect. Furthermore, transcript-metabolite profiling of the treatments revealed a transcript-metabolite correlation network of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways with a range of 3 to 3662 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and a range of 23 to 37 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Surprisingly, 1-MCP had the best effect on shelf life among the treatments, although chlorine dioxide could stimulate the expression of four critical differential genes (Bra007142, Bra008792, Bra009358, and Bra027457) involved in delaying flavonoid degradation (hesperetin, chalcone, rutin, baicalein). As a result, our findings will help to improve our understanding of the regulation of flavonoid production in relation to the quality of postharvest flowering Chinese cabbage during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Yue
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yongshen Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Min Zhong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xirong Chai
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Puyan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yunyan Kang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-159-1582-6156 (Y.K.); +86-135-0305-1303 (X.Y.)
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (X.C.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-159-1582-6156 (Y.K.); +86-135-0305-1303 (X.Y.)
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30
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Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Bioactive Metabolites: from Prevention to Novel Therapies of Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1534083. [PMID: 35449807 PMCID: PMC9017484 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1534083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae family, known as cruciferous vegetables, includes many economically important species, mainly edible oil plants, vegetable species, spice plants, and feed plants. Cruciferous vegetables are foods rich in nutritive composition and are also a good source of dietary fiber. Besides, cruciferous vegetables contain various bioactive chemicals known as glucosinolates and S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, including sulphur-containing cancer-protective chemicals. Numerous studies have reported that daily intake of sulphurous vegetables helps prevent cancer formation and reduces cancer incidence, especially in colorectal cancer, through various mechanisms. The potential mechanisms of these compounds in preventing cancer in experimental studies are as follows: protecting cells against DNA damage, inactivating carcinogenic substances, showing antiviral and antibacterial effects, triggering apoptosis in cells with disrupted structure, inhibiting tumour cell migration causing metastasis and the development of tumour-feeding vessels (angiogenesis). These beneficial anticancer effects of cruciferous vegetables are generally associated with glucosinolates in their composition and some secondary metabolites, as well as other phenolic compounds, seed oils, and dietary fiber in the literature. This review aims to examine to the roles of cruciferous vegetables and their important bioactive metabolites in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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31
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Enhancement of Glucosinolate Formation in Broccoli Sprouts by Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050655. [PMID: 35267288 PMCID: PMC8909455 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are known as a rich source of health-beneficial phytonutrients: glucosinolates and phenolic compounds. The production of phytonutrients can be stimulated by elicitors that activate the plant stress response. The aim of this study was enhancing the nutritional value of broccoli sprouts using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an elicitor. Daily spraying with H2O2 (500-1000 mM) enhanced the accumulation of glucosinolates, doubling their content in the cotyledons of 16/8 h photoperiod-grown 7-day sprouts compared to the water-treated controls. The application of H2O2 on dark-grown sprouts showed a smaller extent of glucosinolate stimulation than with light exposure. The treatment affected sprout morphology without reducing their yield. The H2O2-treated sprouts had shorter hypocotyls and roots, negative root tropism and enhanced root branching. The activated glucosinolate production became evident 24 h after the first H2O2 application and continued steadily until harvest. Applying the same treatment to greenhouse-grown wild rocket plants caused scattered leaf bleaching, a certain increase in glucosinolates but decline in phenolics content. The H2O2 treatment of broccoli sprouts caused a 3.5-fold upregulation of APK1, a gene related to sulfur mobilization for glucosinolate synthesis. Comparing the APK1 expression with the competing gene GSH1 using sulfur for antioxidant glutathione production indicated that glutathione synthesis prevailed in the sprouts over the formation of glucosinolates.
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Zayed A, Sheashea M, Kassem IAA, Farag MA. Red and white cabbages: An updated comparative review of bioactives, extraction methods, processing practices, and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7025-7042. [PMID: 35174750 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Red and white cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba and rubra, respectively) are two of the most commercially valued vegetables in crucifers, well-recognized for their unique sensory and nutritive attributes in addition to a myriad of health-promoting benefits. The current review addressed the differential qualitative/quantitative phytochemical make-ups for the first time for better utilization as nutraceuticals and to identify potential uses based on the chemical makeup of both cultivars (cvs.). In addition, extraction methods are compared highlighting their advantages and/or limitations with regards to improving yield and stability of cabbage bioactives, especially glucosinolates. Besides, the review recapitulated detailed action mechanism and safety of cabbage bioactives, as well as processing technologies to further improve their effects are posed as future perspectives. White and red cabbage cvs. revealed different GLSs profile which affected by food processing, including enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal breakdown, and leaching. In addition, the red cultivar provides high quality pigment for industrial applications. Moreover, non-conventional modern extraction techniques showed promising techniques for the recovery of their bioactive constituents compared to solvent extraction. All these findings pose white and red cabbages as potential candidates for inclusion in nutraceuticals and/or to be commercialized as functional foods prepared in different culinary forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed Sheashea
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A A Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Du P, Zhang W, Cui H, He W, Lu S, Jia S, Zhao M. Sulforaphane Ameliorates the Severity of Psoriasis and SLE by Modulating Effector Cells and Reducing Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:805508. [PMID: 35126161 PMCID: PMC8814458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.805508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sulforaphane, which is found in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumour activities. However, whether sulforaphane has therapeutic effects on inflammatory or autoimmune skin diseases, including psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is unclear.Methods: The therapeutic effects of sulforaphane were analyzed in Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice and lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. In IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice treated with sulforaphane (55.3 and 110.6 μmol/kg) or vehicle control, the pathological phenotypes were assessed by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score, haematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) and quantifying of acanthosis and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration. The proportions of T cell subsets in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and spleens were examined by flow cytometry. In MRL/lpr mice treated with sulforaphane (82.9 μmol/kg) or vehicle control, mortality and proteinuria were observed, and the glomerular pathology was examined by H&E staining. C3 and IgG depositions in kidney sections were examined by immunofluorescence staining. The proportions of plasma cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells in the dLNs and spleens were examined by flow cytometry. Finally, we examined the Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay and the expression of Prdx1, Nqo1, Hmox1, and Gss by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results: Sulforaphane ameliorated the skin lesions in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice and the renal damage in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. In IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice, sulforaphane reduced the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells and increased the expression of antioxidant gene Prdx1. In lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice, sulforaphane increased the lifespan and the expression of Prdx1, and decreased the proportions of plasma cells, Tfh cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in the dLNs and spleens and the concentration of MDA.Conclusion: Sulforaphane has significant therapeutic effects on IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice and lupus-like MRL/Lpr mice by reducing inflammatory and autoimmune-related cells and oxidative stress. These findings provide new evidence for developing natural products to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haobo Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Zhao, ; Sujie Jia,
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Zhao, ; Sujie Jia,
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Melim C, Lauro MR, Pires IM, Oliveira PJ, Cabral C. The Role of Glucosinolates from Cruciferous Vegetables (Brassicaceae) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: From Prevention to Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010190. [PMID: 35057085 PMCID: PMC8777706 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of rapidly renewing cells, which increase the likelihood of cancer. Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed GI cancers and currently stands in second place regarding cancer-related mortality. Unfortunately, the treatment of GI is limited, and few developments have occurred in the field over the years. With this in mind, new therapeutic strategies involving biologically active phytocompounds are being evaluated as anti-cancer agents. Vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and radish, all belonging to the Brassicaceae family, are high in dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, and glucosinolates. The latter compound is a secondary metabolite characteristic of this family and, when biologically active, has demonstrated anti-cancer properties. This article reviews the literature regarding the potential of Cruciferous vegetables in the prevention and/or treatment of GI cancers and the relevance of appropriate compound formulations for improving the stability and bioaccessibility of the major Cruciferous compounds, with a particular focus on glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Melim
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria R. Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Isabel M. Pires
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Cabral
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-066
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35
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Gambari L, Grigolo B, Grassi F. Dietary organosulfur compounds: Emerging players in the regulation of bone homeostasis by plant-derived molecules. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937956. [PMID: 36187121 PMCID: PMC9521401 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline of bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture are hallmarks of the bone aging. The resulting increase in bone fragility is the leading cause of bone fractures, a major cause of disability. As the frontline pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis suffer from low patients' adherence and occasional side effects, the importance of diet regimens for the prevention of excessive bone fragility has been increasingly recognized. Indeed, certain diet components have been already associated to a reduced fracture risk. Organosulfur compounds are a broad class of molecules containing sulfur. Among them, several molecules of potential therapeutic interest are found in edible plants belonging to the Allium and Brassica botanical genera. Polysulfides derived from Alliaceae and isothiocyanates derived from Brassicaceae hold remarkable nutraceutical potential as anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vasorelaxant and hypolipemic. Some of these effects are linked to the ability to release the gasotrasmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Recent preclinical studies have investigated the effect of organosulfur compounds in bone wasting and metabolic bone diseases, revealing a strong potential to preserve skeletal health by exerting cytoprotection and stimulating the bone forming activity by osteoblasts and attenuating bone resorption by osteoclasts. This review is intended for revising evidence from preclinical and epidemiological studies on the skeletal effects of organosulfur molecules of dietary origin, with emphasis on the direct regulation of bone cells by plant-derived polysulfides, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. Moreover, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the biological role of these compounds and revise the importance of the so-called 'H2S-system' on the regulation of bone homeostasis.
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36
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Ngo DN, Ngo DH, Nguyen HM, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TT, Vo TS. Growth inhibitory activity of Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra on human gastric cancer cells. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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UV-B Radiation as Abiotic Elicitor to Enhance Phytochemicals and Development of Red Cabbage Sprouts. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodical UV-B illumination during red cabbage germination on morphological development and the phenolics and carotenoid accumulation. Methods: During a sprouting period of 10 days at 20 °C in darkness, seedlings received 5, 10, or 15 kJ m−2 UV-B (T5, T10, and T15) applied in four steps (25% on days 3, 5, 7, and 10). UV untreated sprouts were used as control (CTRL). After 10 days of germination, the sprouts were harvested and stored 10 days at 4 °C as a minimally processed product. Phenolic and carotenoid compounds were analysed 1 h after each UV-B application and on days 0, 4, 7, and 10 during cold storage. Results: The longest hypocotyl length was observed in T10-treated sprouts. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased during germination following a sigmoidal kinetic, especially in the UV-B-treated samples, which reported a dose-dependent behaviour. In this way, T10-treated sprouts increased the TPC by 40% after 10 days at 4 °C compared to CTRL, while TAC and TFC increased by 35 and 30%, respectively. Carotenoids were enhanced with higher UV-B doses (T15). Conclusions: We found that UV-B stimulated the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, and a dose of 10 kJ m−2 UV-B, proportionally applied on days 3, 5, 7, and 10 days, is recommended.
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38
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Three in One: The Potential of Brassica By-Products against Economic Waste, Environmental Hazard, and Metabolic Disruption in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124194. [PMID: 34959745 PMCID: PMC8708897 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of waste is generated within the different steps of the food supply chain, representing a significant loss of natural resources, plant material, and economic value for producers and consumers. During harvesting and processing, many parts of edible plants are not sold for consumption and end up as massive waste, adding environmental hazards to the list of concerns regarding food wastage. Examples are Brassica oleracea var. Italica (broccoli) by-products, which represent 75% of the plant mass. A growing concern in the Western world is obesity, which results from incorrect lifestyles and comprises an extensive array of co-morbidities. Several studies have linked these co-morbidities to increased oxidative stress; thus, naturally occurring and readily available antioxidant compounds are an attractive way to mitigate metabolic diseases. The idea of by-products selected for their biomedical value is not novel. However, there is innovation underlying the use of Brassica by-products in the context of obesity. For this reason, Brassica by-products are prime candidates to be used in the treatment of obesity due to its bioactive compounds, such as sulforaphane, which possess antioxidant activity. Here, we review the economic and health potential of Brassica bioactive compounds in the context of obesity.
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39
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Connolly EL, Sim M, Travica N, Marx W, Beasy G, Lynch GS, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. Glucosinolates From Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Potential Role in Chronic Disease: Investigating the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767975. [PMID: 34764875 PMCID: PMC8575925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence highlights the strong potential for a diet rich in fruit and vegetables to delay, and often prevent, the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurological, and musculoskeletal conditions, and certain cancers. A possible protective component, glucosinolates, which are phytochemicals found almost exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, have been identified from preclinical and clinical studies. Current research suggests that glucosinolates (and isothiocyanates) act via several mechanisms, ultimately exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemo-protective effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding cruciferous vegetables and their glucosinolates in relation to the specified health conditions. Although there is evidence that consumption of a high glucosinolate diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic diseases, future large-scale placebo-controlled human trials including standardized glucosinolate supplements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Connolly
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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40
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Shakour ZT, Shehab NG, Gomaa AS, Wessjohann LA, Farag MA. Metabolic and biotransformation effects on dietary glucosinolates, their bioavailability, catabolism and biological effects in different organisms. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107784. [PMID: 34102260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolate-producing plants have long been recognized for both their distinctive benefits to human nutrition and their resistance traits against pathogens and herbivores. Despite the accumulation of glucosinolates (GLS) in plants is associated with their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, the defensive and biological activities of GLS are commonly conveyed by their metabolic products. In view of this, metabolism is considered the driving factor upon the interactions of GLS-producing plants with other organisms, also influenced by plant and plant attacking or digesting organism characteristics. Several microbial pathogens and insects have evolved the capacity to detoxify GLS-hydrolysis products or inhibit their formation via different means, highlighting the relevance of their metabolic abilities for the plants' defense system activation and target organism detoxification. Strikingly, some bacteria, fungi and insects can likewise produce their own myrosinase (MYR)-like enzymes in one of the most important adaptation strategies against the GLS-MYR plant defense system. Knowledge of GLS metabolic pathways in herbivores and pathogens can impact plant protection efforts and may be harnessed upon for genetically modified plants that are more resistant to predators. In humans, the interest in the implementation of GLS in diets for the prevention of chronic diseases has grown substantially. However, the efficiency of such approaches is dependent on GLS bioavailability and metabolism, which largely involves the human gut microbiome. Among GLS-hydrolytic products, isothiocyanates (ITC) have shown exceptional properties as chemical plant defense agents against herbivores and pathogens, along with their health-promoting benefits in humans, at least if consumed in reasonable amounts. Deciphering GLS metabolic pathways provides critical information for catalyzing all types of GLS towards the generation of ITCs as the biologically most active metabolites. This review provides an overview on contrasting metabolic pathways in plants, bacteria, fungi, insects and humans towards GLS activation or detoxification. Further, suggestions for the preparation of GLS containing plants with improved health benefits are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab T Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa G Shehab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S Gomaa
- Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
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41
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Lv C, Zhang Y, Zou L, Sun J, Song X, Mao J, Wu Y. Simultaneous Hydrolysis and Extraction Increased Erucin Yield from Broccoli Seeds. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6385-6392. [PMID: 33718729 PMCID: PMC7948436 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are well-known chemopreventive agents that have received significant interest across the nutrition and pharmaceutical industries owing to their anticancer properties, thus it is essential to increase the conversion of glucosinolate to ITCs by myrosinase to maximize their health benefits. In this paper, using broccoli seed meals as a raw material, we comparatively analyzed the outcomes of two extraction methods: (i) hydrolysis followed by extraction (HFE) and (ii) simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction (SHE) in terms of the ITC yield. The results revealed that the SHE method showed a relatively greater erucin production from broccoli seeds and greater antitumor and antioxidant activities. A similar phenomenon was found for the hydrolysates of crude myrosinase and crude glucosinolate separated from broccoli seeds. However, when the crude glucosinolates were hydrolyzed by purified broccoli myrosinase, or when pure glucoraphanin was hydrolyzed by crude myrosinase, no significant effects were noted on the types and yields of ITCs between the SHE and HFE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Lv
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Ligen Zou
- Hangzhou
Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Juan Sun
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Xinjie Song
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory for Chem and Bio Processing Technology of
Farm Produces, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wu
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
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42
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Johnson SA, Prenni JE, Heuberger AL, Isweiri H, Chaparro JM, Newman SE, Uchanski ME, Omerigic HM, Michell KA, Bunning M, Foster MT, Thompson HJ, Weir TL. Comprehensive Evaluation of Metabolites and Minerals in 6 Microgreen Species and the Influence of Maturity. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzaa180. [PMID: 33644632 PMCID: PMC7897203 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microgreens are the young leafy greens of many vegetables, herbs, grains, and flowers with potential to promote human health and sustainably diversify the global food system. For successful further integration into the global food system and evaluation of their health impacts, it is critical to elucidate and optimize their nutritional quality. OBJECTIVES We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the metabolite and mineral contents of 6 microgreen species, and the influence of maturity on their contents. METHODS Plant species evaluated were from the Brassicaceae (arugula, broccoli, and red cabbage), Amaranthaceae (red beet and red amaranth), and Fabaceae (pea) plant families. Nontargeted metabolomics and ionomics analyses were performed to examine the metabolites and minerals, respectively, in each microgreen species and its mature counterpart. RESULTS Nontargeted metabolomics analysis detected 3321 compounds, 1263 of which were annotated and included nutrients and bioactive compounds. Ionomics analysis detected and quantified 26 minerals including macrominerals, trace minerals, ultratrace minerals, and other metals. Principal component analysis indicated that microgreens have distinct metabolite and mineral profiles compared with one another and with their mature counterparts. Several compounds were higher (P < 0.05; fold change ≥2) in microgreens compared with their mature counterparts, whereas some were not different or lower. In many cases, compounds that were higher in microgreens compared with the mature counterpart were also unique to that microgreen species. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence for the nutritional quality of microgreens, and can inform future research and development aimed at characterizing and optimizing microgreen nutritional quality and health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Analytical Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hanan Isweiri
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Jacqueline M Chaparro
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Analytical Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven E Newman
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mark E Uchanski
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Heather M Omerigic
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kiri A Michell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marisa Bunning
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michelle T Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Henry J Thompson
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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43
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Tian Y, Deng F. Phytochemistry and biological activity of mustard (Brassica juncea): a review. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1833988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangming Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
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Piragine E, Flori L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Pagnotta E, Matteo R, Lazzeri L, Martelli A, Miragliotta V, Pirone A, Testai L, Calderone V. Eruca sativa Mill. seed extract promotes anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1983-1990. [PMID: 33141966 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is currently considered a major source of morbidity, with dramatic complications on health status and life expectancy. Several studies demonstrated the positive effects of Brassicaceae vegetables on obesity and related diseases, partially attributing these beneficial properties to glucosinolates and their derivatives isothiocyanates. Recently, isothiocyanates have been described as a hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)-releasing moiety, suggesting that H2 S may be at least in part responsible for the beneficial effects of Brassicaceae. In this work, the metabolic effects of an extract obtained from Eruca sativa Mill. seeds (E.S., Brassicaceae), containing high levels of glucoerucin, were evaluated in an experimental model of obesity. Male balb/c mice were fed for 10 weeks with standard (Std) diet or high fat (HF) diet supplemented with E.S. E.S. significantly contained the body weight gain in this obesity model, improving also glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, lower values of white adipose tissue mass and a significant reduction of adipocytes size were also observed. Moreover, E.S. enhanced the adipocytes metabolism, improving the citrate synthase activity and reduced triglyceride levels in mice fed with HF diet. Taken together, these results suggest that E.S. is endowed with an interesting translational and nutraceutical value in the prevention of metabolic disorders, suggesting that H2 S could be a key player.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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45
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Mohammed ED, Abdel-Naim AB, Kangpeng J, Jiang R, Wei J, Sun B. The mother relationship between insulin resistance and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Glucosinolates hydrolysis products as a promising insulin resistance-modulator and fatty liver-preventer. Life Sci 2020; 264:118615. [PMID: 33096115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NFLD) is one of the present public health problems which have no specific and effective treatment. The speed of the disease progression depends on the patient's lifestyle. Due to life stresses and lack of time, a high number of people depend on fast food containing a high amount of fats which one of the main causes of insulin resistance (IR). IR is one of the metabolic disorders which strongly intersected with molecular NAFLD and leading to its progression into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we introduced the updated statistics of NAFLD and NASH progression all over the world shows its importance, etiologies, and pathogenesis. Also, IR and its role in NASH initiation and progression explored, and current treatments with its limitations have been explained. Glucosinolates (GLS) is a group of phytochemicals which known by its potent hydrolysis products with promising anti-cancer effect. In this review, we have collected the recent experimental studies of different GLS hydrolysis products against IR and chronic liver diseases supported by our lab finding. Finally, we recommend this group of phytochemicals as promising molecules to be studied experimentally and clinically against a wide range of chronic liver diseases with an acceptable safety margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman D Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Pharmacy Collage of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China; Natural Products Unit, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin Kangpeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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46
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Cai YX, Augustin MA, Jegasothy H, Wang JH, Terefe NS. Mild heat combined with lactic acid fermentation: a novel approach for enhancing sulforaphane yield in broccoli puree. Food Funct 2020; 11:779-786. [PMID: 31922158 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated for the first time the feasibility of mild preheating treatment of broccoli florets combined with lactic acid bacteria fermentation for enhancing sulforaphane yield in broccoli puree. The optimum preheating condition for in-pack processing of broccoli florets was 3 min treatment at 65 °C increasing sulforaphane yield in broccoli puree by ∼5 times compared to untreated broccoli. Preheating of broccoli florets in-pack (65 °C per 3 min) combined with lactic acid bacteria fermentation further enhanced the sulforaphane content by ∼16 times compared to untreated broccoli. The sulforaphane content of the preheated-fermented puree remained stable (∼94% retention) for two weeks at 4 °C. The results indicate that a combination of judicious heat treatment of broccoli florets with lactic acid bacteria fermentation enables production of safe and high sulforaphane content broccoli products with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, School of Chemical Engineering & Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Seasonal Variation of Health-Promoting Bioactives in Broccoli and Methyl-Jasmonate Pre-Harvest Treatments to Enhance Their Contents. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101371. [PMID: 32993199 PMCID: PMC7599945 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli is a source of bioactive compounds that provide an important nutritional value. The content of these compounds can vary depending on agronomic and environmental conditions, as well as on elicitation. In this study, three crop trials were carried out to evaluate the effects of the cultivation season, the application of different dosages of methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) on the overall quality and on the total content of bioactive compounds of ‘Parthenon’ broccoli cultivated under the field conditions of southeastern Spain. Color parameters, chlorophyll content, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were measured to evaluate the overall quality. Moreover, individual carotenoids, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array detector coupled to mass spectrometer using electro spray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn). The content of total carotenoids, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates were higher in autumn compared with spring, showing increases of 2.8-fold, 2-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively. Moreover, a double application of MeJA increased the contents of total carotenoids, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates by 22%, 32% and 39%, respectively, relative to the untreated samples. Considering our results, the controlled and timely application of 250 µM MeJA to the aerial parts of the plants four days before harvest, on two consecutive days, seems to be a valid agronomic strategy to improve the health-promoting capacity of Parthenon broccoli, without compromising its overall quality.
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48
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NMR-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Brassica oleracea (Var. italica): Organic and Conventional Farming. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070945. [PMID: 32708866 PMCID: PMC7404451 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae family provides several crops which are worldwide known for their interesting phytochemical profiles, especially in terms of content of glucosinolates. These secondary metabolites show several beneficial effects toward consumers’ health, and several studies have been conducted to identify cultivation factors affecting their content in crops. One of the agronomic practices which is attracting growing interest is the organic one, which consists in avoiding the use of mineral fertilizers as well as pesticides. The aim of this study is to define the metabolic profile of Brassicaoleracea (var. italica) and to compare the samples grown using organic and conventional fertilization methods. The hydroalcoholic and organic extracts of the samples have been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Forty-seven metabolites belonging to the categories of organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, sterols, and other molecules have been identified. Thirty-seven metabolites have been quantified. Univariate and multivariate PCA analyses allowed to observe that the organic practice influenced the nitrogen transport, the carbohydrate metabolism, the glucosinolate content and the phenylpropanoid pathway in B. oleracea (var. italica).
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49
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Beneduce L. The glucosinolates and their bioactive derivatives in Brassica: a review on classification, biosynthesis and content in plant tissues, fate during and after processing, effect on the human organism and interaction with the gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2544-2571. [PMID: 32584172 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1780193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of the scientific literature reporting content, composition and biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GLS), and their derivative compounds in Brassica family. An amended classification of brassica species, varieties and their GLS content, organized for the different plant organs and in uniformed concentration measure unit, is here reported for the first time in a harmonized and comparative manner. In the last years, the studies carried out on the effect of processing on vegetables and the potential benefits for human health has increased rapidly and consistently the knowledge on the topic. Therefore, there was the need for an updated revision of the scientific literature of pre- and post-harvest modifications of GLS content, along with the role of gut microbiota in influencing their bioavailability once they are ingested. After analyzing and standardizing over 100 articles and the related data, the highest GLS content in Brassica, was declared in B. nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch (201.95 ± 53.36 µmol g-1), followed by B. oleracea Alboglabra group (180.9 ± 70.3 µmol g-1). The authors also conclude that food processing can influence significantly the final content of GLS, considering the most popular methods: boiling, blanching, steaming, the latter can be considered as the most favorable to preserve highest level of GLS and their deriviatives. Therefore, a mild-processing strategic approach for GLS or their derivatives in food is recommended, in order to minimize the loss of actual bioactive impact. Finally, the human gut microbiota is influenced by Brassica-rich diet and can contribute in certain conditions to the increasing of GLS bioavailability but further studies are needed to assess the actual role of microbiomes in the bioavailability of healthy glucosinolate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
- Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.,Stefan Batory State University, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Luciano Beneduce
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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50
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Blanching impact on pigments, glucosinolates, and phenolics of dehydrated broccoli by-products. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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