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Wu T, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Wu M, Cao H. Simultaneous quantitative analysis of 11 constituents in Viticis Fructus by HPLC-HRMS and HPLC-DAD combined with chemometric methods. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:163-174. [PMID: 36433771 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viticis Fructus is the dried ripe fruit of Vitex trifolia L. (VTF) or V. trifolia subsp. litoralis Steenis (VTLF). Different botanical sources of the same herbal medicines may have different clinical efficacies, but few studies have reported the comparative identification of VTF and VTLF. OBJECTIVES To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous assay of 11 constituents in Viticis Fructus, to compare the chemical compositions of VTF and VTLF, and to identify chemical markers for the discrimination and quality evaluation of the two botanical origins of Viticis Fructus. METHODOLOGY An HPLC-diode array detection (DAD)-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) method was developed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of 11 constituents in 21 batches of Viticis Fructus samples from different sources in China. Moreover, chemometrics were performed to compare and discriminate VTF and VTLF samples. RESULTS The results from 11 batches of VTF and 10 batches of VTLF were compared for 11 components, of which 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were identified and quantified in Viticis Fructus for the first time. The quantitative analysis showed significantly higher chlorogenic acid and casticin contents in VTLF than in VTF, and the chemometric analysis indicated that chlorogenic acid and casticin were responsible for the significant differences between VTF and VTLF; these two compounds might be used as chemical markers to distinguish the two original plant sources of Viticis Fructus. CONCLUSIONS The present work provides useful information for understanding the chemical differences between VTF and VTLF. This work also provides feasible methods for the quality evaluation and discrimination of herbal medicines originating from multiple botanical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfen Wu
- Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lingnan Resources Branch, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhao S, Peng T, Zhang M, Xu X, Li K, Liu Y. Synovial tissue metabolomics analysis of the therapeutic effects of stir-fried Xanthii Fructus on rheumatoid arthritis in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1216:123594. [PMID: 36638684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a rheumatic disease that easily causes synovial hyperplasia and joint damage. Comprehensive metabolomic profiling of synovial tissue can reveal local pathological changes during RA and identify metabolites as candidate biomarkers. Detecting metabolites in synovial tissue can more directly reflect the pathological state and disease activity associated with it. stir-fried Xanthii Fructus has demonstrated efficacy in treating RA, but its pharmacodynamic property and mechanism of action are unclear. In this study, the molecular composition of the extract of stir-fried Xanthium Fructus was determined through HPLC. The major components that exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were speculated to be phenolic acids. Next, the effect of stir-fried Xanthii Fructus extracts in RA treatment was comprehensively evaluated using rat body weight, foot volume, inflammatory factors, and histopathological sections of the ankle joint as evaluation indicators. The results showed that the extract of stir-fried Xanthii Fructus could significantly reduce the inflammatory response and improve the degree of joint swelling and the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory in adjuvant arthritis rats. Finally, non-targeted metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and multivariate statistical analysis were used to explore the changes of endogenous metabolites in synovium tissues and to search for potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways in stir-fried Xanthii Fructus extract-treated AA rats. The results showed that stir-fried Xanthii Fructus mainly treated RA by regulating energy metabolism, hormone metabolism, amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress response in adjuvant arthritis rats. This study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of action of stir-fried Xanthii Fructus extract in treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China; Infection Control Section, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China
| | - Tingtao Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China
| | - Xizhu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271099, China.
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Chemical constituents of the fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Shi Y, Hu J, Wang H, Yan Z, Zhao G, Gao X, Li W, Qin K. Establishing a UHPLC-MS/MS method for evaluation of the influence of stir-frying on the pharmacokinetics of seven compounds in Arctii Fructus. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27525-27533. [PMID: 36276052 PMCID: PMC9513756 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of multiple, orally administrated compounds of raw and stir-fried Arctii Fructus extracts using a UHPLC-MSMS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Macheng City, Macheng 438300, PR China
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical Research and Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Zhankuan Yan
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical Research and Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Guangrui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Xun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical Research and Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Kunming Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
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Magaña AA, Kamimura N, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1299-1319. [PMID: 34171156 PMCID: PMC9084498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg-to-gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase-type p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase-like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant-based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraCQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Gaião Calixto M, Alves Ramos H, Veríssimo LS, Dantas Alves V, D Medeiros AC, Alencar Fernandes FH, Veras G. Trends and Application of Chemometric Pattern Recognition Techniques in Medicinal Plants Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:326-338. [PMID: 34314279 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1953370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used and studied for ages, from very old registers to modern ethnopharmacology, which encompasses analytical chemistry, foods, and pharmacy. Based on international norms and governmental organizations of health, phytomedicine-for example, herbal drugs-needs to guarantee the quality control of products and identify contaminants, biomarkers, and chemical profiles, among other issues. In this sense, is necessary to develop advanced analytical methods that show interesting possibilities and obtain a great amount of data. In order to treat the data, a set of mathematical and statistical procedures named chemometrics is necessary. In terms of herbal drugs, chemometric tools may be used to identify the following in plants: parts, development stages, processing, geographic origin, authentication, and chemical markers. This review describes applications of chemometric pattern recognition tools to analyze herbal drugs in different conditions associated with analytical methods in the last six years (2015-2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gaião Calixto
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Quimiometria, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brasil
| | - Hilthon Alves Ramos
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Quimiometria, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brasil
| | - Lucas Silva Veríssimo
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Quimiometria, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brasil
| | - Vitor Dantas Alves
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Quimiometria, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia D Medeiros
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brasil
| | - Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Ensaios de Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brasil.,Centro Universitário UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, Brasil
| | - Germano Veras
- Laboratório de Química Analítica e Quimiometria, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brasil
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Yang L, Jiang H, Guo X, Hou A, Man W, Wang S, Zhang J, Yang B, Li J, Kuang H. Pharmacokinetic Comparisons of Eight Active Components from Raw Farfarae Flos and Honey-Processed Farfarae Flos after Oral Administration in Rats by UHPLC-MS/MS Approaches. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:4091816. [PMID: 32566356 PMCID: PMC7256776 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Farfarae flos (FF) is widely used for cough over thousands of years in China, but little is known about their pharmacokinetics properties. This study was aimed to establish a rapid and accurate ultraperformance liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method for compare pharmacokinetics studies of eight active compounds after oral administration between raw and honey-processed farfarae flos extracts. Optimum separation was performed on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 µm particles size) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.3% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase B. The flow rate was set as 0.3 mL/min and separated for 34.0 minutes. Electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode and selected reaction monitoring were used to identify and separate active components. The results met the acceptance criteria and showed that this method exhibited good linear, precision, accuracy, and stability. The extraction recoveries ranged from 81.54% to 104.48%, and the matrix effects ranged from 81.94% to 103.02%. These results show that the validated method could be successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral administration of raw farfarae flos (R-FF) and honey-processed farfarae flos (H-FF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Man
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Song Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Wang QH, Kuang HX, Jiang H, Wang XJ, Yang L, Zhang JX, Hou AJ, Man WJ, Wang S, Yang BY, Chan K. The fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patr: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicity. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_49_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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9
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Yang L, Jiang H, Xing X, Yan M, Guo X, Man W, Hou A, Yang L. A Biosensor-Based Quantitative Analysis System of Major Active Ingredients in Lonicera japonica Thunb. Using UPLC-QDa and Chemometric Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091787. [PMID: 31072054 PMCID: PMC6540269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, a surface plasmon resonance-based (SPR-based) competitive assay was performed to analyze different compounds’ inhibitory activity to TNF-α, an important pro-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the single mass spectrometry (MS) detection method was coupled with an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for the routine quality control (QC) of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The above quality control strategy was evaluated with Lonicera japonica Thunb. Analytes were firstly separated on a Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm; particle size = 1.8 μm) using a 0.1% formic acid gradient elution, then detected by negative ESI mass spectrometry. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for analytes reached 0.005–0.56 μg/mL. The LOD of the QDa detector was lower than that of the PDA detector, indicating its wider detection range. The QDa detector was also more suitable for the analysis of the complex matrix of TCM. The method showed excellent linearity, with regression coefficients higher than 0.9991. The average recoveries of the investigated analytes were in the range of 98.78–105.13%, with an RSD below 3.91%. The inter-day precision range (n = 3 days) was 2.51–4.54%. Compared to other detectors, this strategy could be widely applied in the quantitative analysis of TCM. In addition, the chemically latent data could be revealed using chemometric analysis. Importantly, this study provides an efficient screening method for small-molecule inhibitors targeting the TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xudong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Meiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wenjing Man
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry ofEducation, Harbin 150040, China.
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Quality assessment of licorice extract powder through geometric linear quantified fingerprint method combined with multicomponent quantification and chemometric analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jiang H, Yang L, Xing X, Yan M, Guo X, Yang B, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Chemometrics coupled with UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous analysis of markers in the raw and processed Fructus Xanthii, and application to optimization of processing method by BBD design. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:191-202. [PMID: 30776590 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a widely used toxic traditional herbal medicine, the quality of the Fructus Xanthii must be well controlled to ensure the clinical therapeutic efficacy and safety. AIMS A rapid, and sensitive using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of determination active and toxic ingredients form processed by stir-frying and raw materials of Fructus Xanthii. METHODS Chromatographic separation of all targeted compound was performed on Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). Moreover, the method was successfully applied in thirty-six samples of Fructus Xanthii collected from different sources in China. The processing method was optimized through Box-Behnken statistical design and response surface methodology. RESULTS In this work, chemometrics was able to successfully discriminate and classify among samples. The optimal incubation conditions were as follows: under heating in a pot at 295 °C, medicine at 120 °C for 11.0 min with flipping frequently. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the established UPLC-QQQ-MS method in combination with chemometric analysis provides a rapid, flexible and reliable method for quality assessment of Fructus Xanthii. Importantly, the optimized experimental value of the processing process provides the basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xudong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Meiling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 528458, PR China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Fan W, Fan L, Peng C, Zhang Q, Wang L, Li L, Wang J, Zhang D, Peng W, Wu C. Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Xanthium strumarium L.: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020359. [PMID: 30669496 PMCID: PMC6359306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) is a common and well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine usually named Cang-Er-Zi, and has been used for thousands of years in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the progress of modern research, and provide a systematic review on the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of the X. strumarium. Moreover, an in-depth discussion of some valuable issues and possible development for future research on this plant is also given. X. strumarium, as a traditional herbal medicine, has been extensively applied to treat many diseases, such as rhinitis, nasal sinusitis, headache, gastric ulcer, urticaria, rheumatism bacterial, fungal infections and arthritis. Up to now, more than 170 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from X. strumarium, including sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropenoids, lignanoids, coumarins, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, thiazides, anthraquinones, naphthoquinones and other compounds. Modern research shows that the extracts and compounds from X. strumarium possess wide-ranging pharmacological effects, including anti- allergic rhinitis (AR) effects, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, insecticide and antiparasitic effects, antioxidant effects, antibacterial and antifungal effects, antidiabetic effects, antilipidemic effects and antiviral effects. However, further research should focus on investigating bioactive compounds and demonstrate the mechanism of its detoxification, and more reasonable quality control standards for X. strumarium should also be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Linhong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chengyi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dayong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Sichuan Neautus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Jiang H, Yang L, Xing X, Yan M, Guo X, Hou A, Man W, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. A UPLC-MS/MS application for comparisons of the hepatotoxicity of raw and processed Xanthii Fructus by energy metabolites. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2756-2762. [PMID: 35520491 PMCID: PMC9059864 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ripe fruit of Xanthium strumarium L. (Xanthii Fructus) cannot be widely used as a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) owing to its hepatotoxicity. However, Xanthii Fructus (XF) can be used effectively and safely after correct processing based on traditional experience, although a high hepatotoxicity risk remains owing to improper usage. Therefore, the processing methods used must be clarified to ensure safety. The adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) level in tissues is an important indicator reflecting the functional status of liver cells. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of XF using UPLC-MS/MS. The hepatotoxicity of raw XF (RXF) and XF processed by intermediary energy metabolites (PXF) is compared. The method is evaluated for its analytical performance and successfully applied to the quantification of ATP, adenosine-5′-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP), atractyloside, and carboxyatractyloside in mouse liver. The hepatotoxicity results also indicate that the toxicity of XF is decreased after processing, perhaps due to the decrease in atractyloside and carboxyatractyloside contents. Importantly, the experimental evidence provides a rationale for the reduction in toxicity. These data show that mouse livers are damaged between the days 20 and 30 of RXF oral administration, and that the ATP level is decreased. Importantly, no significant difference is observed between the PXF treatment group and control group, while the RXF treatment group is significantly different. Therefore, processing can reduce the toxicity of XF. The ripe fruit of Xanthium strumarium L. (Xanthii Fructus) cannot be widely used as a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) owing to its hepatotoxicity.![]()
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Chemical Profiling and Screening of the Marker Components in the Fruit of Cassia fistula by HPLC and UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap MS n with Chemometrics. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071501. [PMID: 29933591 PMCID: PMC6100387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassia fistula L. which is known as “Golden Shower”, is used as an ornamental plant due to its flowers, and fruit parts of this plant have a high medicinal value. There are few reports providing a comprehensive overview of the chemical composition of its fruit or explaining the differences between samples from different sources because of the complexity of its chemical components. The purpose of the present study was to establish a fingerprint evaluation system based on Similarity Analysis (SA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the composition identification and quality control of this herb. Twelve samples from Xinjiang and Sichuan provinces in China and India were analyzed by HPLC, and there were fifteen common peaks in the twelve batches. Molecular weight and formula information can be derived from thirty-one peaks by UHPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap MSn, molecular structure information of twenty components was obtained, of which ten compounds were identified by comparison with standard materials. Samples of twelve batches were divided according to their similarity into four groups, which were basically consistent with three different C.fistula fruit-producing areas. Five compounds were finally considered to be chemical markers to determine the quality of this herb. A fingerprints method combined with chemometrics was established to differentiate the origin of the fruit of C. fistula which has the advantages of effectivity and convenience, laying the foundation for the quality evaluation of this herb from different sources.
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