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Liu X, Yu Y, Garcia LA, Au ML, Tran M, Zhang J, Lou A, Liu Y, Wu H. A grape-supplemented diet prevented ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cataract by regulating Nrf2 and XIAP pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109636. [PMID: 38561079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate if grape consumption, in the form of grape powder (GP), could protect against ultraviolet (UV)-induced cataract. Mice were fed with the regular diet, sugar placebo diet, or a grape diet (regular diet supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 15% GP) for 3 months. The mice were then exposed to UV radiation to induce cataract. The results showed that the GP diet dose-dependently inhibited UV-induced cataract and preserved glutathione pools. Interestingly, UV-induced Nrf2 activation was abolished in the groups on the GP diet, suggesting GP consumption may improve redox homeostasis in the lens, making Nrf2 activation unnecessary. For molecular target prediction, a total of 471 proteins regulated by GP were identified using Agilent Literature Search (ALS) software. Among these targets, the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) was correlated with all of the main active ingredients of GP, including resveratrol, catechin, quercetin, and anthocyanins. Our data confirmed that GP prevented UV-induced suppression of XIAP, indicating that XIAP might be one of the critical molecular targets of GP. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GP protected the lens from UV-induced cataract development in mice. The protective effects of GP may be attributed to its ability to improve redox homeostasis and activate the XIAP-mediated antiapoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Luís Aguilera Garcia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - My-Lien Au
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Myhoa Tran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Lou
- The Village School, Houston, Texas, USA; Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Hongli Wu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
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2
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Gupta N, Abd EL-Gawaad N, Osman Abdallah SA, Al-Dossari M. Possible modulating functions of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in particulate matter-associated pulmonary inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1290914. [PMID: 38264731 PMCID: PMC10803600 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1290914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease represents a substantial global health burden. Increased air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the most concerned proportion of air pollutants to respiratory health. PM2.5 may carry or combine with other toxic allergens and heavy metals, resulting in serious respiratory allergies and anaphylactic reactions in the host. Available treatment options such as antihistamines, steroids, and avoiding allergens/dust/pollutants could be limited due to certain side effects and immense exposure to air pollutants, especially in most polluted countries. In this mini-review, we summarized how PM2.5 triggers respiratory hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, and the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum supplementation could minimize the risk of the same. L. plantarum may confer beneficial effects in PM2.5-associated pulmonary inflammation due to significant antioxidant potential. We discussed L. plantarum's effect on PM2.5-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Available preclinical evidence shows L. plantarum induces gut-lung axis, SCFA, GABA, and other neurotransmitter signaling via gut microbiota modulation. SCFA signals are important in maintaining lung homeostasis and regulating intracellular defense mechanisms in alveolar cells. However, significant research is needed in this direction to contemplate L. plantarum's therapeutic potential in pulmonary allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Gupta
- Medical Research and Development, River Engineering, Greater Noida, India
| | - N.S. Abd EL-Gawaad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - M. Al-Dossari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Ates I, Yılmaz AD, Buttari B, Arese M, Saso L, Suzen S. A Review of the Potential of Nuclear Factor [Erythroid-Derived 2]-like 2 Activation in Autoimmune Diseases. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1532. [PMID: 38002492 PMCID: PMC10669303 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An autoimmune disease is the consequence of the immune system attacking healthy cells, tissues, and organs by mistake instead of protecting them. Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are well-recognized processes occurring in association with acute or chronic impairment of cell homeostasis. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) is of major importance as the defense instrument against OS and alters anti-inflammatory activities related to different pathological states. Researchers have described Nrf2 as a significant regulator of innate immunity. Growing indications suggest that the Nrf2 signaling pathway is deregulated in numerous diseases, including autoimmune disorders. The advantageous outcome of the pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is an essential part of Nrf2-based chemoprevention and intervention in other chronic illnesses, such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, and chronic kidney and liver disease. Nevertheless, a growing number of investigations have indicated that Nrf2 is already elevated in specific cancer and disease steps, suggesting that the pharmacological agents developed to mitigate the potentially destructive or transformative results associated with the protracted activation of Nrf2 should also be evaluated. The activators of Nrf2 have revealed an improvement in the progress of OS-associated diseases, resulting in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities; by contrast, the depletion of Nrf2 worsens disease progression. These data strengthen the growing attention to the biological properties of Nrf2 and its possible healing power on diseases. The evidence supporting a correlation between Nrf2 signaling and the most common autoimmune diseases is reviewed here. We focus on the aspects related to the possible effect of Nrf2 activation in ameliorating pathologic conditions based on the role of this regulator of antioxidant genes in the control of inflammation and OS, which are processes related to the progression of autoimmune diseases. Finally, the possibility of Nrf2 activation as a new drug development strategy to target pathogenesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Didem Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (A.D.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzae Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (A.D.Y.); (S.S.)
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Li Z, Li B, Chen Z, Xu J, El Sabbagh A, Zhao Y, Du R, Rong L, Tian J, Cui Q. Licochalcone A plays dual antiviral roles by inhibiting RSV and protecting against host damage. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29059. [PMID: 37635463 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory tract diseases and bronchiolitis in children and elderly individuals. There are no effective drugs currently available to treat RSV infection. In this study, we report that Licochalcone A (LCA) can inhibit RSV replication and mitigate RSV-induced cell damage in vitro, and that LCA exerts a protective effect by reducing the viral titer and inflammation in the lungs of infected mice in vivo. We suggest that the mechanism of action occurs through pathways of antioxidant stress and inflammation. Further mechanistic results demonstrate that LCA can induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus, activate heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and inhibit reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress. LCA also works to reverse the decrease in I-kappa-B-alpha (IкBα) levels caused by RSV, which in turn inhibits inflammation through the associated nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling pathways. The combined action of the two cross-talking pathways protects hosts from RSV-induced damage. To conclude, our study is the first of its kind to establish evidence of LCA as a viable treatment for RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baohong Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinke Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Asma El Sabbagh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yangang Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Rybalka E, Kourakis S, Bonsett CA, Moghadaszadeh B, Beggs AH, Timpani CA. Adenylosuccinic Acid: An Orphan Drug with Untapped Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:822. [PMID: 37375769 PMCID: PMC10304260 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinic acid (ASA) is an orphan drug that was once investigated for clinical application in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Endogenous ASA participates in purine recycling and energy homeostasis but might also be crucial for averting inflammation and other forms of cellular stress during intense energy demand and maintaining tissue biomass and glucose disposal. This article documents the known biological functions of ASA and explores its potential application for the treatment of neuromuscular and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (S.K.); (C.A.T.)
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kourakis
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (S.K.); (C.A.T.)
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Charles A. Bonsett
- Dystrophy Concepts Incorporated, Indianapolis, IN 46226, USA;
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Behzad Moghadaszadeh
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.M.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Alan H. Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (B.M.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; (S.K.); (C.A.T.)
- Inherited and Acquired Myopathy Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
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6
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Rasmussen M, Hansen KH, Scholze A. Nrf2 Protein Serum Concentration in Human CKD Shows a Biphasic Behavior. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040932. [PMID: 37107307 PMCID: PMC10135793 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-related mortality. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is essential in the regulation of cellular redox status, and Nrf2-activating therapies are under evaluation in several chronic diseases, including CKD. It is therefore inevitable to understand how Nrf2 behaves in advancing CKD. We analyzed Nrf2 protein concentrations in patients with varying extents of CKD but without renal replacement therapy, and in healthy subjects. Compared to healthy controls, Nrf2 protein was upregulated in mild to moderate kidney function impairment (G1-3). Within the CKD population, we found a significant positive correlation between Nrf2 protein concentration and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate). In severe kidney function impairment (G4,5), Nrf2 protein was reduced compared to mild to moderate kidney function impairment. We conclude that Nrf2 protein concentration in severe kidney function impairment is reduced relative to the mild to moderate kidney function impairment where increased Nrf2 protein concentrations prevail. With respect to the implementation of Nrf2 targeted therapies, it will be necessary to explore in which population of patients with CKD such therapies are able to effectively add to the endogenous Nrf2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rasmussen
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Zeng Z, Li C, Liu Y, Chen H, Feng X. Delivery of Transcriptional Factors for Activating Antioxidant Defenses against Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1306-1312. [PMID: 36881502 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is well-known that the Nrf2-ARE (antioxidative response element) pathway is important in the regulation mechanism of antioxidant defense. Therefore, Nrf2 activation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for IBD. Here, we reported the development of a nucleus-targeted Nrf2 delivery nanoplatform, termed N/LC, that could accumulate in inflamed colonic epithelium, reduce inflammatory responses, and restore epithelium barriers in a murine model of acute colitis. N/LC nanocomposites could quickly escape from lysosomes, so Nrf2 largely accumulated in the nucleus of colonic cells, activated the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, further elevated the expression levels of downstream detoxification and antioxidant genes, and protected cells from oxidative damage. These results suggested that N/LC might be a potential nanoplatform for IBD therapy. The study provided the basis for the biomedical applications of Nrf2-based therapeutics in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Changying Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xuli Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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8
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Riolo K, Rotondo A, La Torre GL, Marino Y, Franco GA, Crupi R, Fusco R, Di Paola R, Oliva S, De Marco G, Savastano D, Cuzzocrea S, Gugliandolo E, Giannetto A. Cytoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Hydrolysates from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36830077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has been recognized as one of the most promising insect species for its ability to valorize organic waste while producing a valuable larval biomass with a great potential as a sustainable source of nutrients, including proteins and bioactive molecules. In the present study, BSF larvae were used to produce and characterize the protein hydrolysates (BPHs) that were then evaluated for their potential biological activity in vitro. The BPHs obtained from the BSF larvae proteins by enzymatic digestion were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and assessed for their antioxidant activity (BPHs in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 mg/mL) in L-929 cells. Our findings show that BPHs can exert a dose-dependent cytoprotective role against H2O2-iduced oxidative stress in cells. This antioxidant activity relies on the reduction of ROS levels in challenged cells as measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, together with the induction and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, as evaluated by qPCR and indirect immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. Overall, our findings on the remarkable biological activity of the BPHs obtained in a large-scale process strongly suggest the application of BPHs as ingredients promoting animal health in feed formulations.
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Sena CM, Pereira A, Seiça RM. Cinnamaldehyde Supplementation Reverts Endothelial Dysfunction in Rat Models of Diet-Induced Obesity: Role of NF-E2-Related Factor-2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36670944 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CN) is an activator of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which has the potential to reduce endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in metabolic disorders. Our main purpose was to evaluate the effects of CN on vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome rats. Normal Wistar (W) rats were divided into eight groups: (1) Wistar (W) rats; (2) W rats fed with a high-fat diet (WHFD); (3) W rats fed with a sucrose diet (WS); (4) WHFD fed with a sucrose diet (WHFDS); (5) W treated with CN (WCn); (6) WS treated with CN (WSCn); (7) WHFD treated with CN (WHFDCn); (8) WHFDS treated with CN (WHFDSCn). CN treatment with 20 mg/kg/day was administered for 8 weeks. Evaluation of metabolic profile, inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, eNOS expression levels and Nrf2 activation was performed. The metabolic dysfunction was greatly exacerbated in the WHFDS rats, accompanied by significantly higher levels of vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, the WHFDS rats displayed significantly reduced activity of Nrf2 at the vascular level. CN significantly reverted endothelial dysfunction in the aortas and the mesenteric arteries. In addition, CN significantly decreased vascular oxidative damage, inflammation at vascular and perivascular level and up-regulated Nrf2 activity in the arteries of WHFDS rats. Cinnamaldehyde, an activator of Nrf2, can be used to improve metabolic profile, and to revert endothelial dysfunction in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Magaña AA, Kamimura N, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity. Plant J 2021; 107:1299-1319. [PMID: 34171156 PMCID: PMC9084498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg-to-gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase-type p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase-like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant-based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraCQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Hanuma Kumar GEN, Kumar SS, Balaji M, Maurya DK, Kesavulu M. Pterocarpus santalinus L. extract mitigates gamma radiation-inflicted derangements in BALB/c mice by Nrf2 upregulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111801. [PMID: 34146850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based natural extracts contain several nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids, that possess various health-promoting activities. This study investigated the effects of polyphenols from Pterocarpus santalinus hydroalcoholic extract (PSHE) against gamma radiation-induced derangements via the upregulation of Nrf2. Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis was performed to identify the possible radioprotectors. In vivo and in vitro studies, namely Real-Time-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and GSH levels, DNA damage and cell death studies, anti-inflammatory (Sandwich ELISA), immunomodulatory studies (antibody staining), and model free radical scavenging assays, were performed. Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, para-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, TNF-α inhibitor (Eudesmin), isoflavone (Daidzein 7-o-glucoside), astragalin (Kaempferol 3-o-glycoside), and other polyphenols were identified in PSHE using UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis. Prophylactic administration of PSHE (-1 h) rendered more than 33% survival in mice exposed to 8 Gy whole-body-irradiation with increased mice survival and recovery of bone marrow and spleen cellularity. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that PSHE treatment (50 µg/mL) upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and GPX-1 in mice splenocytes. At 50 µg/mL, PSHE reduced ROSscavenging activity, mitochondrial and spleen membrane lipid peroxidation levels, DNA damage, and cell death, and increased GSH levels. At 10 µg/mL, PSHE treatment diminished the content of IL-6 and TNF-α. At 50 µg/mL, PSHE suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. These findings indicate that polyphenols of PSHE possess marked antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capacities, which play important roles in the prevention of radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghali E N Hanuma Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meriga Balaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Muppuru Kesavulu
- Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati 517102, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kaikini AA, Muke S, Peshattiwar V, Bagle S, Dighe V, Sathaye S. Ethyl ferulate, a lipophilic phenylpropanoid, prevents diabetes-associated renal injury in rats by amelioration of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13607. [PMID: 33587296 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy affects approximately 20%-40% of diabetes patients worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Oxidative stress has been identified as a major causative factor in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy; Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation protects the body against oxidative stress by induction of antioxidant enzymes. The renoprotective effect of ethyl ferulate was investigated in diabetes-induced renal injury. Ethyl ferulate was administered orally at three doses (50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg). Metformin (500 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a standard. Ethyl ferulate treatment decreased serum advanced glycation end products, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, renal oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level, and kidney hypertrophy index. It restored serum lipid profile, biomarkers of renal function, and mitigated histopathological signs of renal damage. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated higher Nrf2 protein levels in kidney sections of ethyl ferulate-treated rats. These findings suggest that ethyl ferulate ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress by increasing renal Nrf2 levels, thereby preventing diabetes-induced kidney injury. In conclusion, the present study endorses the usefulness of Nrf2 activators, such as ethyl ferulate, as adjuvant therapy for preventing the diabetic nephropathy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ethyl ferulate (ethyl-3-hydroxyl-4-methoxycinnamate), a phenylpropanoid, is a naturally occurring ethyl ester of ferulic acid and is widely present in plants and especially grains, such as rice and maize. Our study has highlighted the renoprotective effect of ethyl ferulate in preventing diabetes-associated renal injury. The observed effect of ethyl ferulate is due to amelioration of diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. These results indicate the potential of ethyl ferulate as a nutraceutical or adjuvant therapy in prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakruti Arun Kaikini
- Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Suraj Muke
- Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Vaibhavi Peshattiwar
- Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sneha Bagle
- Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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13
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Wang L, Cai X, Shi M, Xue L, Kuang S, Xu R, Qi W, Li Y, Ma X, Zhang R, Hong F, Ye H, Chen L. Identification and optimization of piperine analogues as neuroprotective agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease via the activation of Nrf2/keap1 pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112385. [PMID: 32402936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive and complex neurodegenerative disorder. Up to date, there are no approved drugs that could slow or reverse the neurodegenerative process of PD. Here, we reported the synthesis of series of piperine analogues and the evaluation of their neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced damage in the neuron-like PC12 cells. Among these analogues, 3b exhibited the most potent protection effect and its underlying mechanism was further investigated. Further results indicated that the ROS scavenging and cytoprotection effect of 3b might be related to the Nrf2 activation and upregulation of related phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1 and NQO1. In in vivo study, oral administration (100 mg/kg) of 3b significantly attenuated PD-associated behavioral deficits in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD and protected tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive dopaminergic neurons. Our results provided evidence that 3b might be a promising candidate for Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linlin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruiling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenyan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Song ZL, Bai F, Zhang B, Fang J. Synthesis of Dithiolethiones and Identification of Potential Neuroprotective Agents via Activation of Nrf2-Driven Antioxidant Enzymes. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2214-2231. [PMID: 31986030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders, and accordingly, dietary supplement of exogenous antioxidants or/and upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system are promising for therapeutic intervention or chemoprevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Nrf2, a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant machinery, cardinally participates in the transcription of cytoprotective genes against oxidative/electrophilic stresses. Herein, we report the synthesis of 59 structurally diverse dithiolethiones and evaluation of their neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine- or H2O2-induced oxidative damages in PC12 cells, a neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Initial screening identified compounds 10 and 11 having low cytotoxicity but conferring remarkable protection on PC12 cells from oxidative-mediated damages. Further studies demonstrated that both compounds upregulated a battery of antioxidant genes as well as corresponding genes' products. Significantly, silence of Nrf2 expression abolishes cytoprotection of 10 and 11, indicating targeting Nrf2 activation is pivotal for their cellular functions. Taken together, the two lead compounds discovered here with potent neuroprotective functions against oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation merit further development as therapeutic or chemopreventive candidates for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Feifei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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Silva-Palacios A, Ostolga-Chavarría M, Sánchez-Garibay C, Rojas-Morales P, Galván-Arzate S, Buelna-Chontal M, Pavón N, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. Sulforaphane protects from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage through the balanced activation of Nrf2/AhR. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:331-340. [PMID: 31422078 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and the consequent increment in the antioxidant response might be a powerful strategy to contend against reperfusion damage. In this study we compared the effectiveness between sulforaphane (SFN), a well known activator of Nrf2 and the mechanical maneuver of post-conditioning (PostC) to confer cardioprotection in an in vivo cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model. We also evaluated if additional mechanisms, besides Nrf2 activation contribute to cardioprotection. Our results showed that SFN exerts an enhanced protective response as compared to PostC. Bot, strategies preserved cardiac function, decreased infarct size, oxidative stress and inflammation, through common protective pathways; however, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) also participated in the protection conferred by SFN. Our data suggest that SFN-mediated cardioprotection involves transient Nrf2 activation, followed by phase I enzymes upregulation at the end of reperfusion, as a long-term protection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - M Ostolga-Chavarría
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - C Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
| | - P Rojas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - S Galván-Arzate
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico
| | - M Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - N Pavón
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - J Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - C Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
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Deck LM, Hunsaker LA, Vander Jagt TA, Whalen LJ, Royer RE, Vander Jagt DL. Activation of anti-oxidant Nrf2 signaling by enone analogues of curcumin. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:854-865. [PMID: 29223100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common in many chronic diseases. Targeting signaling pathways that contribute to these conditions may have therapeutic potential. The transcription factor Nrf2 is a major regulator of phase II detoxification and anti-oxidant genes as well as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes. Nrf2 is widespread in the CNS and is recognized as an important regulator of brain inflammation. The natural product curcumin exhibits numerous biological activities including ability to induce the expression of Nrf2-dependent phase II and anti-oxidant enzymes. Curcumin has been examined in a number of clinical studies with limited success, mainly owing to limited bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Enone analogues of curcumin were examined with an Nrf2 reporter assay to identify Nrf2 activators. Analogues were separated into groups with a 7-carbon dienone spacer, as found in curcumin; a 5-carbon enone spacer with and without a ring; and a 3-carbon enone spacer. Activators of Nrf2 were found in all three groups, many of which were more active than curcumin. Dose-response studies demonstrated that a range of substituents on the aromatic rings of these enones influenced not only the sensitivity to activation, reflected in EC50 values, but also the extent of activation, which suggests that multiple mechanisms are involved in the activation of Nrf2 by these analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Deck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Lucy A Hunsaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4670, Fitz Hall, Room 249, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thomas A Vander Jagt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4670, Fitz Hall, Room 249, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Lisa J Whalen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Robert E Royer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4670, Fitz Hall, Room 249, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - David L Vander Jagt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4670, Fitz Hall, Room 249, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Lin Y, Kuang Y, Li K, Wang S, Ji S, Chen K, Song W, Qiao X, Ye M. Nrf2 activators from Glycyrrhiza inflata and their hepatoprotective activities against CCl 4-induced liver injury in mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5522-5530. [PMID: 28835349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza inflata (licorice) has been used to treat liver diseases for a long history. However, the bioactive compounds are still not clear. In this work, 77 compounds, including 9 new ones, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the roots and rhizomes of G. inflata. The Nrf2 activation activities of all compounds were screened using ARE-luciferase reporter assay on HepG2C8 cells. The results indicated a number of chalcones were potent Nrf2 activators, including 11 (licochalcone A, 4.07-fold), 12 (licochalcone B, 5.17-fold), and 19 (echinatin, 4.09-fold). Further studies indicated that 11, 12 and 19 remarkably attenuated CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice (10 or 50mg/kg, 7days, ig.). These compounds could be promising hepatoprotective natural agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Serra D, Almeida LM, Dinis TC. Anti-inflammatory protection afforded by cyanidin-3-glucoside and resveratrol in human intestinal cells via Nrf2 and PPAR-γ: Comparison with 5-aminosalicylic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:102-9. [PMID: 27818126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) pathways in the protection afforded by two polyphenols abundant in diet, cyanidin-3-glucoside and resveratrol, against cytokine-induced inflammation and oxidative insult in HT-29 intestinal cells, in comparison with the drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Our data show for the first time that in cytokine-challenged cells, cyanidin-3-glucoside and resveratrol induced Nrf2 activation, increased hemoxygenase-1 and glutamate cysteine ligase mRNA expression, enhanced reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio and inhibited reactive species production, at much lower concentrations than 5-ASA. Unlike cyanidin-3-glucoside, resveratrol and 5-ASA also increased nuclear levels of PPAR-γ in cytokine-stimulated cells. In conclusion, both polyphenols might be interesting as nutraceuticals, giving complementary benefits to conventional drugs against intestinal inflammation, typically present in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Kwak GH, Kim KY, Kim HY. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 deficiency stimulates heme oxygenase-1 expression via ROS-dependent and Nrf2 activation pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1033-1038. [PMID: 27059143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 (MsrB3), which is primarily found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is an important protein repair enzyme that stereospecifically reduces methionine-R-sulfoxide residues. We previously found that MsrB3 deficiency arrests the cell cycle at the G1/S stage through up-regulation of p21 and p27. In this study, we report a critical role of MsrB3 in gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which has an anti-proliferative effect associated with p21 up-regulation. Depletion of MsrB3 elevated HO-1 expression in mammalian cells, whereas MsrB3 overexpression had no effect. MsrB3 deficiency increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly in the mitochondria. ER stress, which is associated with up-regulation of HO-1, was also induced by depletion of MsrB3. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine as an ROS scavenger reduced augmented HO-1 levels in MsrB3-depleted cells. MsrB3 deficiency activated Nrf2 transcription factor by enhancing its expression and nuclear import. The activation of Nrf2 induced by MsrB3 depletion was confirmed by increased expression levels of its other target genes, such as γ-glutamylcysteine ligase. Taken together, these data suggest that MsrB3 attenuates HO-1 induction by inhibiting ROS production, ER stress, and Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hee Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Ji S, Li R, Wang Q, Miao WJ, Li ZW, Si LL, Qiao X, Yu SW, Zhou DM, Ye M. Anti-H1N1 virus, cytotoxic and Nrf2 activation activities of chemical constituents from Scutellaria baicalensis. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 176:475-484. [PMID: 26578185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Qin, derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine mainly used to treat influenza and cancer. This study aims to elucidate the anti-influenza, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation effective components of S. baicalensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various column chromatography techniques and semi-preparative HPLC were used to isolate Scutellaria compounds, and their structures were identified by HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The pure compounds were evaluated for anti-influenza activities against A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus in MDCK cells, cytotoxic activities against HepG2, SW480 and MCF7 human cancer cells by MTS assay, and antioxidant activities by Nrf2 luciferase reporter assay. In addition, the contents of 12 major compounds in 27 batches of S. baicalensis were simultaneously determined by a fully validated UPLC/UV method. RESULTS A total of thirty compounds (1-30), including four new ones (3, 7, 11 and 23), were isolated from S. baicalensis. Baicalin (15), baicalein (26), wogonin (27), chrysin (28) and oroxylin A (30) showed potent anti-H1N1 activities, with IC50 values of 7.4, 7.5, 2.1, 7.7 and 12.8 μM, respectively, which were remarkably more potent than the positive drug Osv-P (oseltamivir phosphate, IC50 45.6 μM). Most free flavones (26-28 and 30) showed significant cytotoxic activities at 10 μM (up to 61.2% inhibition rate). Furthermore, 30 could activate Nrf2 transcription by 3.8-fold of the control at 10 μM. UPLC analysis indicated the 12 major compounds (including the bioactive ones) accounted for 195.93 ± 43.9 mg g(-)(1) of the herbal materials. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that free flavones showed potent anti-influenza, anti-cancer and anti-oxidative activities. They are important effective components of S. baicalensis, and can be used as chemical markers for quality control of this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-juan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi-wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long-long Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Si-wang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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21
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Herpers B, Wink S, Fredriksson L, Di Z, Hendriks G, Vrieling H, de Bont H, van de Water B. Activation of the Nrf2 response by intrinsic hepatotoxic drugs correlates with suppression of NF-κB activation and sensitizes toward TNFα-induced cytotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1163-79. [PMID: 26026609 PMCID: PMC4830895 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important problem both in the clinic and in the development of new safer medicines. Two pivotal adaptation and survival responses to adverse drug reactions are oxidative stress and cytokine signaling based on the activation of the transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB, respectively. Here, we systematically investigated Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling upon DILI-related drug exposure. Transcriptomics analyses of 90 DILI compounds in primary human hepatocytes revealed that a strong Nrf2 activation is associated with a suppression of endogenous NF-κB activity. These responses were translated into quantitative high-content live-cell imaging of induction of a selective Nrf2 target, GFP-tagged Srxn1, and the altered nuclear translocation dynamics of a subunit of NF-κB, GFP-tagged p65, upon TNFR signaling induced by TNFα using HepG2 cells. Strong activation of GFP-Srxn1 expression by DILI compounds typically correlated with suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation, yet reversely, activation of NF-κB by TNFα did not affect the Nrf2 response. DILI compounds that provided strong Nrf2 activation, including diclofenac, carbamazepine and ketoconazole, sensitized toward TNFα-mediated cytotoxicity. This was related to an adaptive primary protective response of Nrf2, since loss of Nrf2 enhanced this cytotoxic synergy with TNFα, while KEAP1 downregulation was cytoprotective. These data indicate that both Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling may be pivotal in the regulation of DILI. We propose that the NF-κB-inhibiting effects that coincide with a strong Nrf2 stress response likely sensitize liver cells to pro-apoptotic signaling cascades induced by intrinsic cytotoxic pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Herpers
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Wink
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Fredriksson
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zi Di
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Bont
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Chang KM, Liang FP, Chen IL, Yang SC, Juang SH, Wang TC, Chen YL, Tzeng CC. Discovery of oxime-bearing naphthalene derivatives as a novel structural type of Nrf2 activators. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3852-9. [PMID: 25907366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress insult is one of major causes of tumor formation. Therefore, identify the effective anti-oxidative agents as a preventive approach to stop cancer progression has widely explored. Although, many potent anti-oxidative ingredients in the natural products have been identified but the amount from the nature source hindrances the clinical application. Compound which can activate Nrf2 signaling pathway result unregulated the cellular antioxidant-responses has been demonstrated as an effective chemopreventive approach for cancer treatment. In the present study, certain oxime-bearing naphthalene derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their Nrf2 activation and anti-proliferative activities. Results indicated (E)-1-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)propan-2-one oxime (11) which increased 2.04-fold Nrf2/ARE-driven luciferase activity was more active than its 1-substituted isomer 10 (1.17-fold) and t-BHQ (1.77-fold), the known Nrf2 activator. The activities were further increased by the replacement of the peripheral methyl group with the phenyl ring in which (Z)-2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-1-phenylethanone oxime (13a) exhibited 3.49-fold potency of the positive control. It is worth to mention that compounds 11, 13a, and 13b which showed significant Nrf2 activation are non-cytotoxic to the tested cells with IC50>50μM. This observation strongly suggested that these compounds can be used for chemoprevention. Mechanism studies indicated that these compounds were capable of inducing the phosphorylation of Nrf2 protein at serine 40 which led to the activation of the Nrf2 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ming Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Pin Liang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Chyi Tzeng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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23
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Abstract
This paper tries to emphasize two relevant concepts: the first is that type 2 diabetes is a chronic diseases characterized by both a dysmetabolism and a chronic oxidative stress. A variety of orthodox drugs are somewhat able to correct the metabolic alterations, but do not deal with the chronic inflammation. Consequently, as the validity of precisely treating blood with therapeutic ozone concentrations in restoring a redox homeostasis has been now demonstrated, the integration of ozone therapy appears essential for a rational treatment of type 2 diabetes. Such a combination may be able to reduce the diabetic epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Iacopo Zanardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Valter Travagli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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