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Lemas DJ, Du X, Dado-Senn B, Xu K, Dobrowolski A, Magalhães M, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Young BE, Francois M, Thompson LA, Parker LA, Neu J, Laporta J, Misra BB, Wane I, Samaan S, Garrett TJ. Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Lactation-Stage-Matched Human and Bovine Milk Samples at 2 Weeks Postnatal. Nutrients 2023; 15:3768. [PMID: 37686800 PMCID: PMC10490210 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data demonstrate that bovine whole milk is often substituted for human milk during the first 12 months of life and may be associated with adverse infant outcomes. The objective of this study is to interrogate the human and bovine milk metabolome at 2 weeks of life to identify unique metabolites that may impact infant health outcomes. Human milk (n = 10) was collected at 2 weeks postpartum from normal-weight mothers (pre-pregnant BMI < 25 kg/m2) that vaginally delivered term infants and were exclusively breastfeeding their infant for at least 2 months. Similarly, bovine milk (n = 10) was collected 2 weeks postpartum from normal-weight primiparous Holstein dairy cows. Untargeted data were acquired on all milk samples using high-resolution liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR LC-MS/MS). MS data pre-processing from feature calling to metabolite annotation was performed using MS-DIAL and MS-FLO. Our results revealed that more than 80% of the milk metabolome is shared between human and bovine milk samples during early lactation. Unbiased analysis of identified metabolites revealed that nearly 80% of milk metabolites may contribute to microbial metabolism and microbe-host interactions. Collectively, these results highlight untargeted metabolomics as a potential strategy to identify unique and shared metabolites in bovine and human milk that may relate to and impact infant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J. Lemas
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
- Center for Perinatal Outcomes Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Xinsong Du
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Bethany Dado-Senn
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Amanda Dobrowolski
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Marina Magalhães
- Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Juan J. Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Physiological Science, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Bridget E. Young
- Division of Breastfeeding and Lactation Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Magda Francois
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Lindsay A. Thompson
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Leslie A. Parker
- Center for Perinatal Outcomes Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Jimena Laporta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | | | - Ismael Wane
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Samih Samaan
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (X.D.); (K.X.); (A.D.); (M.F.); (L.A.T.); (I.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
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Hawrysh PJ, Gao J, Tan S, Oh A, Nodwell J, Tompkins TA, McQuibban GA. PRKN/parkin-mediated mitophagy is induced by the probiotics Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactococcus lactis. Autophagy 2023; 19:2094-2110. [PMID: 36708254 PMCID: PMC10283409 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2172873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment is a hallmark feature of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease, and PRKN/parkin-mediated mitophagy serves to remove unhealthy mitochondria from cells. Notably, probiotics are used to alleviate several symptoms of Parkinson disease including impaired locomotion and neurodegeneration in preclinical studies and constipation in clinical trials. There is some evidence to suggest that probiotics can modulate mitochondrial quality control pathways. In this study, we screened 49 probiotic strains and tested distinct stages of mitophagy to determine whether probiotic treatment could upregulate mitophagy in cells undergoing mitochondrial stress. We found two probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactococcus lactis, that upregulated mitochondrial PRKN recruitment, phospho-ubiquitination, and MFN degradation in our cellular assays. Administration of these strains to Drosophila that were exposed to paraquat, a mitochondrial toxin, resulted in improved longevity and motor function. Further, we directly observed increased lysosomal degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria in the treated Drosophila brains. These effects were replicated in vitro and in vivo with supra-physiological concentrations of exogenous soluble factors that are released by probiotics in cultures grown under laboratory conditions. We identified methyl-isoquinoline-6-carboxylate as one candidate molecule, which upregulates mitochondrial PRKN recruitment, phospho-ubiquitination, MFN degradation, and lysosomal degradation of damaged mitochondria. Addition of methyl-isoquinoline-6-carboxylate to the fly food restored motor function to paraquat-treated Drosophila. These data suggest a novel mechanism that is facilitated by probiotics to stimulate mitophagy through a PRKN-dependent pathway, which could explain the potential therapeutic benefit of probiotic administration to patients with Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinghua Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Sharma H, Ozogul F. Mass spectrometry-based techniques for identification of compounds in milk and meat matrix. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 104:43-76. [PMID: 37236734 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food including milk and meat is often viewed as the mixture of different components such as fat, protein, carbohydrates, moisture and ash, which are estimated using well-established protocols and techniques. However, with the advent of metabolomics, low-molecular weight substances, also known as metabolites, have been recognized as one of the major factors influencing the production, quality and processing. Therefore, different separation and detection techniques have been developed for the rapid, robust and reproducible separation and identification of compounds for efficient control in milk and meat production and supply chain. Mass-spectrometry based techniques such as GC-MS and LC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques have been proven successful in the detailed food component analysis owing to their associated benefits. Different metabolites extraction protocols, derivatization, spectra generated, data processing followed by data interpretation are the major sequential steps for these analytical techniques. This chapter deals with not only the detailed discussion of these analytical techniques but also sheds light on various applications of these analytical techniques in milk and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Sharma
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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4
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Su M, Cao W, Zhang H. Review of the applications of metabolomics approaches in dairy science: From factory to human. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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5
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Kwiatkowski S, Bozko M, Zarod M, Witecka A, Kocdemir K, Jagielski AK, Drozak J. Recharacterization of the Mammalian Cytosolic Type 2 (R)-β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (BDH2) as 4-Oxo-L-Proline Reductase (EC 1.1.1.104). J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101708. [PMID: 35150746 PMCID: PMC8914325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early studies revealed that chicken embryos incubated with a rare analog of l-proline, 4-oxo-l-proline, showed increased levels of the metabolite 4-hydroxy-l-proline. In 1962, 4-oxo-l-proline reductase, an enzyme responsible for the reduction of 4-oxo-l-proline, was partially purified from rabbit kidneys and characterized biochemically. However, only recently was the molecular identity of this enzyme solved. Here, we report the purification from rat kidneys, identification, and biochemical characterization of 4-oxo-l-proline reductase. Following mass spectrometry analysis of the purified protein preparation, the previously annotated mammalian cytosolic type 2 (R)-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH2) emerged as the only candidate for the reductase. We subsequently expressed rat and human BDH2 in Escherichia coli, then purified it, and showed that it catalyzed the reversible reduction of 4-oxo-l-proline to cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline via chromatographic and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Specificity studies with an array of compounds carried out on both enzymes showed that 4-oxo-l-proline was the best substrate, and the human enzyme acted with 12,500-fold higher catalytic efficiency on 4-oxo-l-proline than on (R)-β-hydroxybutyrate. In addition, human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells efficiently metabolized 4-oxo-l-proline to cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline, whereas HEK293T BDH2 KO cells were incapable of producing cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline. Both WT and KO HEK293T cells also produced trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in the presence of 4-oxo-l-proline, suggesting that the latter compound might interfere with the trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline breakdown in human cells. We conclude that BDH2 is a mammalian 4-oxo-l-proline reductase that converts 4-oxo-l-proline to cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline and not to trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, as originally thought. We also hypothesize that this enzyme may be a potential source of cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline in mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bozko
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Zarod
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Apolonia Witecka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kubra Kocdemir
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drozak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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ALI MB, MURTAZA MS, SHAHBAZ M, SAMEEN A, RAFIQUE S, ARSHAD R, RAZA N, AKBAR Z, KAUSAR G, AMJAD A. Functional, textural, physicochemical and sensorial evaluation of cottage cheese standardized with food grade coagulants. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.33420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Sharma H, Ozogul F, Bartkiene E, Rocha JM. Impact of lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites on the techno-functional properties and health benefits of fermented dairy products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-23. [PMID: 34845955 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2007844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
After conversion of lactose to lactic acid, several biochemical changes occur such as enhanced protein digestibility, fatty acids release, and production of bioactive compounds etc. during the fermentation process that brings nutritional and quality improvement in the fermented dairy products (FDP). A diverse range of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is being utilized for the development of FDP with specific desirable techno-functional attributes. This review contributes to the knowledge of basic pathways and changes during fermentation process and the current research on techniques used for identification and quantification of metabolites. The focus of this article is mainly on the metabolites responsible for maintaining the desired attributes and health benefits of FDP as well as their characterization from raw milk. LAB genera including Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Lactococcus are involved in the fermentation of milk and milk products. LAB species accrue these benefits and desirable properties of FDP producing the bioactive compounds and metabolites using homo-fermentative and heterofermentative pathways. Generation of metabolites vary with incubation and other processing conditions and are analyzed and quantified using highly advanced and sophisticated instrumentation including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass-spectrometry based techniques. Health benefits of FDP are mainly possible due to the biological roles of such metabolites that also cause technological improvements desired by dairy manufacturers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Sharma
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto FEUP), Porto, Portugal
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8
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Allen MM, Pike OA, Kenealey JD, Dunn ML. Metabolomics of acid whey derived from Greek yogurt. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11401-11412. [PMID: 34454763 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acid whey, a byproduct of Greek yogurt production, has little commercial value due to its low protein content and is also environmentally harmful when disposed of as waste. However, as a product of microbial fermentation, acid whey could be a rich source of beneficial metabolites associated with fermented foods. This study increases understanding of acid whey composition by providing a complete metabolomic profile of acid whey. Commercial and laboratory-made Greek yogurts, prepared with 3 different bacterial culture combinations, were evaluated. Samples of uncultured milk and cultured whey from each batch were analyzed. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics were used to separate and identify 477 metabolites. Compared with uncultured controls, acid whey from fermented yogurt showed decreases in some metabolites and increases in others, presumably due to the effects of microbial metabolism. Additional metabolites appeared in yogurt whey but not in the uncultured control. Therefore, the effect of microbial fermentation is complex, leading to increases or decreases in potentially bioactive bovine metabolites while generating new microbial compounds that may be beneficial. Metabolite production was significantly affected by combinations of culturing organisms and production location. Differences between laboratory-made and commercial samples could be caused by different starting ingredients, environmental factors, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel M Allen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Oscar A Pike
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Jason D Kenealey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Michael L Dunn
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602.
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9
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Rocchetti G, O’Callaghan TF. Application of metabolomics to assess milk quality and traceability. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Li SN, Tang SH, Ren R, Gong JX, Chen YM. Metabolomic profile of milk fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus cocultured with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, or both during storage. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8493-8505. [PMID: 34024601 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the microbial interactions among cocultures of Streptococcus thermophilus (St) with potential probiotics of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (Ba) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp) in fermented milk were investigated during a storage period of 21 d at 4°C, in terms of acidifying activity (pH and titratable acidity), viable counts, and metabolites. A nontargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was employed for mapping the global metabolite profiles of fermented milk. Probiotic strains cocultured with St accelerated milk acidification, and improved the microbial viability compared with the single culture of St. The St-Ba/Lp treatment manifested a higher bacteria viability and acidification ability in comparison with the St-Ba or the St-Lp treatment. Relative quantitation of 179 significant metabolites was identified, including nucleosides, AA, short peptides, organic acids, lipid derivatives, carbohydrates, carbonyl compounds, and compounds related to energy metabolism. The principal component analysis indicated that St treatment and coculture treatments displayed a complete distinction in metabolite profiles, and Lp had a larger effect than Ba on metabolic profiles of fermented milk produced by cofermentation with St during storage. The heat map in combination with hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the abundance of metabolites significantly varied with the starter cultures over the storage, and high abundance of metabolites was observed in either St or coculture samples. The St-Ba/Lp treatment showed relatively high abundance for the vast majority of metabolites. These findings suggest that the profile of the metabolites characterizing fermented milk samples may depend on the starter cultures, and incorporation of probiotics may considerably influence the metabolomic activities of fermented milks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - S H Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - R Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - J X Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Y M Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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11
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Sen C, Ray PR, Bhattacharyya M. A critical review on metabolomic analysis of milk and milk products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Sen
- Department of Dairy Chemistry West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Pinaki Ranjan Ray
- Department of Dairy Chemistry West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Mahasweta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Dairy Chemistry West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Mohanpur Nadia West Bengal 741252 India
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12
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Vasquez EC, Aires R, Ton AMM, Amorim FG. New Insights on the Beneficial Effects of the Probiotic Kefir on Vascular Dysfunction in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3700-3710. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200304145224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases have been the focus of
experimental and clinical studies for decades. The relationship between the gut microbiota and the organs and
system tissues represents the research field that has generated the highest number of publications. Homeostasis of
the gut microbiota is important to the host because it promotes maturation of the autoimmune system, harmonic
integrative functions of the brain, and the normal function of organs related to cardiovascular and metabolic systems.
On the other hand, when a gut microbiota dysbiosis occurs, the target organs become vulnerable to the
onset or aggravation of complex chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular (e.g., arterial hypertension) and neurodegenerative
(e.g., dementia) diseases. In the present brief review, we discuss the main mechanisms involved in
those disturbances and the promising beneficial effects that have been revealed using functional food (nutraceuticals),
such as the traditional probiotic Kefir. Here, we highlight the current scientific advances, concerns, and
limitations about the use of this nutraceutical. The focus of our discussion is the endothelial dysfunction that
accompanies hypertension and the neurovascular dysfunction that characterizes ageing-related dementia in patients
suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisardo C. Vasquez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Aires
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Alyne M. M. Ton
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Amorim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University (UVV), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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13
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Rocchetti G, Gallo A, Nocetti M, Lucini L, Masoero F. Milk metabolomics based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to discriminate different cows feeding regimens. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Farag MA, El Hawary EA, Elmassry MM. Rediscovering acidophilus milk, its quality characteristics, manufacturing methods, flavor chemistry and nutritional value. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3024-3041. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1675584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A. El Hawary
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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15
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Pan L, Yu J, Ren D, Yao C, Chen Y, Menghe B. Metabolomic analysis of significant changes in Lactobacillus casei Zhang during culturing to generation 4,000 under conditions of glucose restriction. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3851-3867. [PMID: 30879813 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are being consumed more frequently as awareness of their health benefits has increased. The industrial production of lactic acid bacteria requires a comprehensive understanding of their survival stress, especially regarding changes in metabolic substances in a glucose-limited environment. In the present study, a metabolomic approach was applied to investigate Lactobacillus casei Zhang using cultures from a common ancestor that were permitted to evolve under conditions with normal or glucose-restricted media for up to 4,000 generations. Metabolomic analyses of intracellular and extracellular differential metabolites under De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth (2% vol/vol glucose; Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK) and glucose-restricted (0.02% vol/vol glucose in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth) conditions were performed at generations 0, 2,000, and 4,000 and revealed 23 different metabolites. Myristic acid, ergothioneine, Lys-Thr, and palmitamide contents exhibited significant reductions between 0 and 4,000 generations, whereas nicotinate, histidine, palmitic acid, l-lysine, urocanate, thymine, and other substances increased. The dynamics of the pathways involved in AA metabolism, including glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, histidine metabolism, lysine degradation, and arginine and proline metabolism, were also a focus of the present study. There were also changes in several other metabolic pathways, including vitamin B6, thiamine, nicotinate, and nicotinamide, according to generation time. Additionally, in the present study we screened for key metabolites involved in the glucose-restricted response and provided a theoretical basis for comprehensively revealing the regulatory mechanisms associated with L. casei Zhang glucose restriction at the metabolic level. These findings also provide novel ideas and methods for analyzing the glucose-restricted stress response at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Huhhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agricultural, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Huhhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agricultural, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Dongyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Huhhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agricultural, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Caiqing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Huhhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agricultural, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yongfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Huhhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agricultural, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Bilige Menghe
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Education Ministry of China, Huhhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agricultural, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Yu J, Mo L, Pan L, Yao C, Ren D, An X, Tsogtgerel T, Zhang H, Liu W. Bacterial Microbiota and Metabolic Character of Traditional Sour Cream and Butter in Buryatia, Russia. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2496. [PMID: 30459729 PMCID: PMC6232932 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional sour cream and butter are widely popular fermented dairy products in Russia for their flavor and nutrition, and contain rich microbial biodiversity, particularly in terms of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, few studies have described the microbial communities and metabolic character of traditional sour cream and butter. The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial microbiota and metabolic character of eight samples collected from herdsmen in Buryatia, Russia. Using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing techniques, we identified a total of 294 species and/or subspecies in 169 bacterial genera, belonging to 14 phyla. The dominant phylum was Firmicutes (81.47%) and the dominant genus was Lactococcus (59.28%). There were differences between the bacterial compositions of the sour cream and butter samples. The relative abundances of Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, and Acetobacter cibinongensis were significantly higher in sour cream than in butter, and the abundance of Streptococcusthermophilus was significantly lower in sour cream than in butter. Using a pure culture method, 48 strains were isolated and identified to represent seven genera and 15 species and/or subspecies. Among these isolates, Lactococccus lactis subsp. lactis (22.50%) was the dominant LAB species. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole–time of flight mass spectrometry at elevated energy was used in combination with statistical methods to detect metabolite differences between traditional sour cream and butter. A total of 27,822 metabolites were detected in all samples, and Lys-Lys, isohexanal, palmitic acid, Leu-Val, and 2′-deoxycytidine were the most dominant metabolites found in all samples. In addition, 27 significantly different metabolites were detected between the sour cream and butter samples, including short peptides, organic acids, and amino acids. Based on correlation analyses between the most prevalent bacterial species and the main metabolites in sour cream, we conclude that there may be a connection between the dominant LAB species and these metabolites. This study combined omics techniques to analyze the bacterial diversity and metabolic character of traditional sour cream and butter, and we hope that our findings will enrich species resource libraries and provide valuable resources for further research on dairy product flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lanxin Mo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Caiqing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Dongyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Xiaona An
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Tsedensodnom Tsogtgerel
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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