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An JM, Hur SH, Kim H, Lee JH, Kim YK, Sim KS, Lee SE, Kim HJ. Determination of the geographical origin of chicken (breast and drumstick) using ICP-OES and ICP-MS: Chemometric analysis. Food Chem 2024; 437:137836. [PMID: 37924759 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a geographical origin discrimination analytical method for chicken breasts and drumsticks based on inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The sixty elements were set as variables, and the geographical origin discrimination analysis was conducted through chemometrics. In orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), twenty-three variable importance in projection (VIP) elements were selected in chicken breasts, and twenty-eight VIP elements were selected in drumsticks. The importance of the selected elements was displayed by the area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Verification of OPLS-DA was performed through permutation test and good results were obtained. A heatmap was also used as a method for determining the geographical origin, and each top element discriminant classification was 100 % accurate, as determined through canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). This method shows potential as a food analysis tool and can accurately determine the geographic origin of chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min An
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suel Hye Hur
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyoung Kim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyoung Kim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Sim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Kapralos V, Camilleri J, Koutroulis A, Valen H, Ørstavik D, Sunde PT. Endodontic sealers after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate: An assessment of physicochemical properties. Dent Mater 2024; 40:420-430. [PMID: 38123383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Final root canal irrigation should ideally maintain the physicochemical stability of root canal sealers. We seek to assess the effect of contact with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on the physicochemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot™ RCS, and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS). METHODS Mixed sealers were placed in cylindrical teflon molds and allowed to set for 1.5x the manufacturers' setting time. Half of the specimens had their free surface in contact with CHX for the first minute of their setting period. Solubility, radiopacity, surface roughness, microhardness and wettability of the sealers were assessed up to 28 days after setting. Elemental analysis of sealer surfaces and their leachates together with pH measurements were also performed. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric analysis with post hoc tests were performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS Exposure to CHX had no effect on solubility and radiopacity of all sealers. CHX altered the surface roughness of PCS and BioRoot RCS (p < 0.05). Contact with CHX reduced the microhardness of AH Plus and PCS (p < 0.05). AH Plus was more hydrophilic after CHX contact, whereas PCS became more hydrophobic (p < 0.05). AH Plus and PCS surfaces appeared to adsorb CHX as exhibited by chlorine peaks after contact with CHX. Sealer leachates' alkalinity was not affected. CHX increased elution of silicon and zirconium for BioRoot and zinc for PCS leachates. SIGNIFICANCE In our study, CHX affected sealers' physicochemical properties to various extents. Further studies are needed to confirm the obtained results by investigating various final irrigation strategies and correlating to biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kapralos
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Koutroulis
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70 A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Ørstavik
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Mutlu C, Özer-Atakoğlu Ö, Erbaş M, Yalçın MG. Advances in the Elemental Composition Analysis of Propolis Samples from Different Regions of Turkey by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:435-443. [PMID: 35169951 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the elemental composition of 47 propolis samples collected from different regions of Turkey by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. According to the results, the most abundant elements in propolis samples were the Ca, K, and Si with the mean values as 1556, 1383, and 731 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, there were high degrees of positive and strong correlations of Al with S (0.925) and Fe (0.926) and Ca with Mg (0.970). According to cluster analysis results, the Aegean, Marmara, and Mediterranean regions showed strong similarities, whereas Southeastern Anatolia propolis samples were remarkably different. The elements considered as toxic for human and environmental health such as Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, and W were at the trace amounts as < 10 mg/kg. When assuming 1 g raw propolis is consumed daily by a 60-kg adult, the analyzed propolis samples were not a source carrying the negative effects of these elements. However, they could be an indicator of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Mutlu
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Özge Özer-Atakoğlu
- Geological Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erbaş
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Gürhan Yalçın
- Geological Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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A Green Approach Based on Micro-X-ray Fluorescence for Arsenic, Micro- and Macronutrients Detection in Pteris vittata. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, benchtop micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µXRF) was evaluated as a green and cost-effective multielemental analytical technique for P. vittata. Here, we compare the arsenic (As) content values obtained from the same samples by µXRF and inductively coupled plasma-optical emissions spectrometry (ICP–OES). To obtain samples with different As concentrations, fronds at different growth time points were collected from P. vittata plants grown on two natural As-rich soils with either high or moderate As (750 and 58 mg/kg). Dried samples were evaluated using multielement-µXRF analysis and processed by PCA. The same samples were then analysed for multielement concentrations by ICP–OES. We show that As concentrations detected by ICP–OES, ranging from 0 to 3300 mg/kg, were comparable to those obtained by µXRF. Similar reliability was obtained for micro- and macronutrient concentrations. A positive correlation between As and potassium (K) contents and a negative correlation between As and iron (Fe), calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) contents were found at both high and moderate As. In conclusion, we demonstrate that this methodological approach based on μXRF analysis is suitable for monitoring the As and element contents in dried plant tissues without any chemical treatment of samples and that changes in most nutrient concentrations can be strictly related to the As content in plant tissue.
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Rezaei M, Pourang N, Moradi AM. Removal of lead from aqueous solutions using three biosorbents of aquatic origin with the emphasis on the affective factors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:751. [PMID: 35031668 PMCID: PMC8760314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosorptive potentials of three aquatics-based biosorbents, including shells of a bivalve mollusk and scales of two fish species for Pb removal from aqueous solutions were evaluated, for the first time. A Box-Behnken design with the response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of the seven important variables (contact time, temperature, initial concentration, dosage, size, salinity and pH) on the sorption capacity of the sorbents. Among the seven studied factors, the effects of biosorbent dosage, initial concentration and pH were significant for all the response variables, while biosorbent size was not significant for any of the responses. The initial concentration was the most influential factor. The presence of Pb ions on the surfaces of the biosorbents after the adsorption was clearly confirmed by the SEM-EDX and XRF analyses. The maximum sorption capacities of the biosorbents were comparable to the literature and the descending order was as follows: scales of Rutilus kutum and Oncorhynchus mykiss and the shells of Cerastoderma glaucum. The isotherm studies revealed Langmuir model applicability for the Pb adsorption by R. kutum and O. mykiss scales, while Freundlich model was fitted to the adsorption C. glaucum shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Pourang
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Mashinchian Moradi
- Department of Marine Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ramachandran S, Meenatchisundaram S, Allu R, Thatipelli S, Mandal AK. Proximate analysis, HPTLC finger print analysis and multi spectrometric analysis of Strychnos nux-vomica nuts. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:233-242. [PMID: 34957732 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In alternative medicine, plants pay a major role. Some plants are known for their poisonous nature but still have some importance in the herbal drug industry for their medicinal value. Strychnos nux-vomica is one such plant. Its nuts are called as poison nut due to the presence of alkaloids. Both the nut and its minerals are having medicinal properties and hence the present study was indented to understand the nature of primary metabolites and multi elemental composition. METHODS The nuts of S. nux-vomica were procured, authenticated, powdered and subjected to proximate analysis parameters, visualization of thin layer chromatographic separation (TLC) and finger print profiling through high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC); surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, powder X-ray diffractometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS In HPTLC, 7 spots each under 254 nm, 366 nm, derivatization with vanillin sulphuric acid (VSR) reagent appeared and 2 spots with Dragendorff's reagent. In HPTLC, 12 peaks at 254 nm, 9 peaks at 366 nm, 7 peaks at 520 nm after derivatization with VSR reagent detected. Elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, aluminium, iron, manganese, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, copper, zinc, sulphur and silicon were identified. PXRD revealed that the presence of potassium chloride, calcite and dolomite as major elemental composition. CONCLUSIONS The presence of all the above elements has vital roles on human physiology. Potassium, calcium, chlorine, aluminium, nickel, phosphorus, sulphur and silicon are reported for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Anna Hospital Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Meenatchisundaram
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Anna Hospital Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Allu
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Anna Hospital Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujith Thatipelli
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Anna Hospital Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Achintya Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India), Anna Hospital Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mulenga C, Clarke C, Meincken M. Bioaccumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in native Brachystegia longifolia naturally growing in a copper mining environment of Mufulira, Zambia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:8. [PMID: 34874469 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in the soil and the subsequent accumulation in Brachystegia longifolia were investigated as a function of the wind direction and distance from a copper mine in Mufulira, Zambia. Soil and leaves of B. longifolia were collected along transects up to 12 km downwind and 19 km upwind. The total concentration of trace elements in the soil and leaves was determined through pXRF. Plant-available Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were extracted in a Mehlich III solution and analyzed using ICP-AES. The degree of soil contamination illustrates that Cu and Fe from the copper mine strongly pollute Mufulira and the surrounding forests. Bioavailable Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn reduced with increasing distance from the mine. An average of 296 mg/kg Cu, 2337 mg/kg Fe, 1101 mg/kg Mn, and 109 mg/kg Zn were recorded in leaves at the most polluted site. Similarly, 55.21 mg/kg Cu, 516.4 mg/kg Fe, 3196 mg/kg Mn, and 154 mg/kg Zn were recorded at an unpolluted site 19 km upwind. The concentration of Cu and Fe reduced significantly with increasing distance, while Mn and Zn increased significantly. It was further established that B. longifolia leaves accumulated Mn (× 38) and Zn (× 15) more than their respective total concentration in the soil. The concentrations of Cu and Fe found in leaves near the mine, as well as the Mn concentration in leaves across the study sites, could be stressful for B. longifolia tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mulenga
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Copperbelt University, P. O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Catherine Clarke
- Department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University, Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Martina Meincken
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Yu J, Xu LR, Liu C, Li YT, Pang XB, Liu ZH, Yang MS, Li YH. Comparative analysis of the dust retention capacity and leaf microstructure of 11 Sophora japonica clones. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254627. [PMID: 34492027 PMCID: PMC8423301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used fresh leaves of Sophora japonica L. variety 'Qingyun 1' (A0) and 10 superior clones of the same species (A1-A10) to explore leaf morphological characteristics and total particle retention per unit leaf area under natural and artificial simulated dust deposition treatments. Our objectives were to explore the relationship between the two methods and to assess particle size distribution, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) heavy metal content, and scanning electron and atomic force microscopy (SEM and AFM) characteristics of leaf surface microstructure. Using the membership function method, we evaluated the dust retention capacity of each clone based on the mean degree of membership of its dust retention index. Using correlation analysis, we selected leaf morphological and SEM and AFM indices related significantly to dust retention capacity. Sophora japonica showed excellent overall dust retention capacity, although this capacity differed among clones. A5 had the strongest overall retention capacity, A2 had the strongest retention capacity for PM2.5, A9 had the strongest retention capacity for PM2.5-10, A0 had the strongest retention capacity for PM>10, and A2 had the strongest specific surface area (SSA) and heavy metal adsorption capacity. Overall, A1 had the strongest comprehensive dust retention ability, A5 was intermediate, and A7 had the weakest capacity. Certain leaf morphological and SEM and AFM characteristic indices correlated significantly with the dust retention capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
- Forest City Construction Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Li-Ren Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yong-Tan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xin-Bo Pang
- Hongyashan State Owned Forest Farm, Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhao-Hua Liu
- Hongyashan State Owned Forest Farm, Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Min-Sheng Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yan-Hui Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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Serwotka-Suszczak AM, Marcinkowska KA, Smieszek A, Michalak IM, Grzebyk M, Wiśniewski M, Marycz KM. The Haematococcus pluvialis extract enriched by bioaccumulation process with Mg(II) ions improves insulin resistance in equine adipose-derived stromal cells (EqASCs). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108972. [PMID: 31103825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the characteristic features of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Presently, the only therapies of choice are caloric restrictions combined with mineral supplementation, which might improve insulin sensitivity. In this study we investigated the effect of Haematococcus pluvialis algae water extract enriched in bioaccumulation process in magnesium ions (Hp_Mg(II)) on equine adipose derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells, in which insulin resistance was induced by palmitic acid (IR-EqASCs). For this purpose, chemical characterization of H. pluvialis was performed with special emphasis on the analysis of minerals composition, total phenolic and carotenoids contents, as well as scavenging activity. To examine the influence of H. pluvialis extract on IR-EqASCs, various methods of molecular biology and microscopic observations (i.e., immunofluorescence staining, SEM, gene expression by RT-qPCR, proliferative and metabolic cells activity analysis) were applied to investigate in vitro viability, oxidative stress markers and apoptosis-related factor accumulation, along with insulin resistance-related genes expression. Obtained results show, that Hp_Mg(II) significantly improves proliferative and metabolic activity of IR-EqASCs, shortens their population doubling time, improves their clonogenic potential and reduces expression of apoptosis related genes. Moreover, anti-oxidative effect of extract was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Serwotka-Suszczak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Klaudia A Marcinkowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Smieszek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Izabela M Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25 St, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | | | - Krzysztof M Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
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