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Qiao L, Lang W, Sun C, Huang Y, Wu P, Cai C, Xing B. Near Infrared-II Photothermal and Colorimetric Synergistic Sensing for Intelligent Onsite Dietary Myrosinase Profiling. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3856-3863. [PMID: 36756955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinase (Myr) is a type of critical β-thioglucosidase enzyme activator essential for sustaining many functional foods to perform their health-promoting functions. An accurate and reliable Myr test is meaningful for food quality and dietary nutrition assessments, whereas the currently reported methods do not guarantee specificity and have high reliance on instrumentation, which are not suitable for rapid and onsite Myr screening especially in complex systems from various sources. Herein, we present a unique NIR-II absorption-based photothermal-responsive colorimetric biosensor for anti-interference onsite Myr determination and realization of rapid visualized outputs with the aid of smartphone calculation. Typically, assisted by glucose oxidase (GOx), Myr specifically converts the sinigrin substrate into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that can oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) catalyzed by AuNPs to form a charge transfer complex (CTC) with NIR-II absorption and photothermal characters. Delightfully, such a proposed method is able to determine Myr within a wide range of 0 to 172.5 mU/mL with a detection limit down to 2.96 mU/mL. Moreover, simple, rapid, and real-time visual Myr identification in actual food-sourced samples could also be readily achieved by smartphone readout processing, with the promising advantages of anti-interference, high accuracy, and low cost as well as labor-saving and intelligence engagement, thus providing great feasibility for precise measurement in complex and dynamic dietary sample analysis. Overall, our proposed method presents a novel technology for onsite dietary Myr enzyme profiling, which is promising to be applied in the food industry for nutritional composition profiles, freshness evaluation, and quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Lang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Caixia Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yining Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Ahuja I, Kissen R, Hoang L, Sporsheim B, Halle KK, Wolff SA, Ahmad SJN, Ahmad JN, Bones AM. The Imaging of Guard Cells of thioglucosidase ( tgg) Mutants of Arabidopsis Further Links Plant Chemical Defence Systems with Physical Defence Barriers. Cells 2021; 10:227. [PMID: 33503919 PMCID: PMC7911204 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is a well-known plant chemical defence system. Two functional myrosinase-encoding genes, THIOGLUCOSIDASE 1 (TGG1) and THIOGLUCOSIDASE 2 (TGG2), express in aerial tissues of Arabidopsis. TGG1 expresses in guard cells (GCs) and is also a highly abundant protein in GCs. Recently, by studying wild type (WT), tgg single, and double mutants, we showed a novel association between the glucosinolate-myrosinase system defence system, and a physical barrier, the cuticle. In the current study, using imaging techniques, we further analysed stomata and ultrastructure of GCs of WT, tgg1, tgg2 single, and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The tgg mutants showed distinctive features of GCs. The GCs of tgg1 and tgg1 tgg2 mutants showed vacuoles that had less electron-dense granular material. Both tgg single mutants had bigger stomata complexes. The WT and tgg mutants also showed variations for cell wall, chloroplasts, and starch grains of GCs. Abscisic acid (ABA)-treated stomata showed that the stomatal aperture was reduced in tgg1 single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants. The data provides a basis to perform comprehensive further studies to find physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with ultrastructure differences in tgg mutants. We speculate that the absence of myrosinase alters the endogenous chemical composition, hence affecting the physical structure of plants and the plants' physical defence barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Ralph Kissen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Linh Hoang
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (L.H.); (B.S.)
- Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari K. Halle
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Silje Aase Wolff
- National Centre for STEM Recruitment, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (S.J.N.A.); (J.N.A.)
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Atle M. Bones
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Blažević I, Montaut S, Burčul F, Olsen CE, Burow M, Rollin P, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112100. [PMID: 31771793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSLs) is a well-defined group of plant metabolites characterized by having an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to an O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate function. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sulfated aglucone can undergo rearrangement to an isothiocyanate, or form a nitrile or other products. The number of GSLs known from plants, satisfactorily characterized by modern spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) by mid-2018, is 88. In addition, a group of partially characterized structures with highly variable evidence counts for approximately a further 49. This means that the total number of characterized GSLs from plants is somewhere between 88 and 137. The diversity of GSLs in plants is critically reviewed here, resulting in significant discrepancies with previous reviews. In general, the well-characterized GSLs show resemblance to C-skeletons of the amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Trp, Ile, Phe/Tyr and Met, or to homologs of Ile, Phe/Tyr or Met. Insufficiently characterized, still hypothetic GSLs include straight-chain alkyl GSLs and chain-elongated GSLs derived from Leu. Additional reports (since 2011) of insufficiently characterized GSLs are reviewed. Usually the crucial missing information is correctly interpreted NMR, which is the most effective tool for GSL identification. Hence, modern use of NMR for GSL identification is also reviewed and exemplified. Apart from isolation, GSLs may be obtained by organic synthesis, allowing isotopically labeled GSLs and any kind of side chain. Enzymatic turnover of GSLs in plants depends on a considerable number of enzymes and other protein factors and furthermore depends on GSL structure. Identification of GSLs must be presented transparently and live up to standard requirements in natural product chemistry. Unfortunately, many recent reports fail in these respects, including reports based on chromatography hyphenated to MS. In particular, the possibility of isomers and isobaric structures is frequently ignored. Recent reports are re-evaluated and interpreted as evidence of the existence of "isoGSLs", i.e. non-GSL isomers of GSLs in plants. For GSL analysis, also with MS-detection, we stress the importance of using authentic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Bertóti R, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Béni S, M-Hamvas M, Szőke É, Vasas G, Gonda S. Variability of Bioactive Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates and Enzyme Patterns in Horseradish Hairy Root Cultures Initiated from Different Organs. Molecules 2019; 24:E2828. [PMID: 31382520 PMCID: PMC6696319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish hairy root cultures are suitable plant tissue organs to study the glucosinolate-myrosinase-isothiocyanate system and also to produce the biologically active isothiocyanates and horseradish peroxidase, widely used in molecular biology. Fifty hairy root clones were isolated after Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection of surface sterilized Armoracia rusticana petioles and leaf blades, from which 21 were viable after antibiotic treatment. Biomass properties (e.g. dry weight %, daily growth index), glucosinolate content (analyzed by liquid chromatography-electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)), isothiocyanate and nitrile content (analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)), myrosinase (on-gel detection) and horseradish peroxidase enzyme patterns (on-gel detection and spectrophotometry), and morphological features were examined with multi-variable statistical analysis. In addition to the several positive and negative correlations, the most outstanding phenomenon was many parameters of the hairy root clones showed dependence on the organ of origin. Among others, the daily growth index, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, 3-phenylpropionitrile, indole-3-acetonitrile and horseradish peroxidase values showed significantly higher levels in horseradish hairy root cultures initiated from leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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