1
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Li X, Liu H, Wang Y, Crabbe MJC, Wang L, Ma W, Ren Z. Preparation of a novel metallothionein-AuNP composite material by genetic modification and AuS covalent combination. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129960. [PMID: 38325687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MTs) can be used in the prevention and treatment of tumors and diabetes due to its antioxidant properties. However, it is necessary to solve its non-transmembrane properties and further improve its antioxidant activity, increase its fluorescence visualization and enhance its stability to meet practical applications in the biomedical field. Here, we report the preparation of a novel metallothionein-AuNP composite material with high transmembrane ability, fluorescence visualization, antioxidant activity, and stability by genetic modification (introducing transduction peptide TAT, fluorescence tag GFP and increasing sulfydryl groups) and immobilization technology (covalently bonding with AuNPs). The transmembrane activity of modified proteins was verified by immunofluorescence. Increasing the sulfhydryl content within a certain range can enhance the antioxidant activity of the protein. In addition, GFP were used to further simplify the imaging of the metallothionein-AuNP composite in cells. XPS results indicated that AuNPs can immobilize metallothionein through AuS covalent bonds. TGA characterization and degradation experiments showed that thermal and degradation stability of the immobilized material was significantly improved. This work provides new ideas to construct metallothionein composites with high transmembrane ability, antioxidant activity, fluorescence visualization and stability to meet novel applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Wolfson College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6UD, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies and Science, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Wenli Ma
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Zhumei Ren
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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2
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Song J, Chen S, Zhang Q, Xi X, Lei H, Du G, Pizzi A. Preparation and characterization of the bonding performance of a starch-based water resistance adhesive by Schiff base reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126254. [PMID: 37567545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch is one of the important raw materials for the preparation of biomass adhesives for its good viscosity and low-cost properties. However, the drawbacks of poor water resistance and bonding performance seriously restrict its application in the wood industry. To resolve those problems, an environment-friendly renewable, and high water resistance starch-based adhesive (OSTH) was prepared with oxidized starch and hexanediamine by Schiff base reaction. In order to optimize the adhesive preparation process, the effect of different oxidation times and oxidant addition on the mechanical performance of plywood were investigated. In addition, the curing behavior characteristics, thermomechanical properties, and thermal stability of the OSTH adhesives were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to explain the reaction mechanisms involved. The results show this adhesive has an excellent bonding performance at the oxidation time of 12 h with 11 % (w/w, dry starch basis) NaIO4 as an oxidant. The dry shear strength, 24-hour cold water, and 3-hour hot water (63 °C) soaking shear strength of the plywood bonded with this resin were respectively 1.87 MPa, 0.96 MPa, and 0.91 MPa, which satisfied the standard requirement of GB/T 9846-2015 (≥0.7 MPa). Thus, this study provided a potential strategy to prepare starch-based wood adhesives with good bonding performance and water resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Song
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, College of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, College of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China; International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, College of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China; International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China
| | - Xuedong Xi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, College of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China; International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China.
| | - Hong Lei
- College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guanben Du
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glue Products, College of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China; International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, 650224 Kunming, China
| | - Antonio Pizzi
- LERMAB, University of Lorraine, 88051 Epinal, France
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Effects of Lysine on the Interfacial Bonding of Epoxy Resin Cross-Linked Soy-Based Wood Adhesive. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031391. [PMID: 36771056 PMCID: PMC9920357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy protein isolate (SPI) is an attractive natural material for preparing wood adhesives that has found broad application. However, poor mechanical properties and unfavorable water resistance of wood composites with SPI adhesive bonds limit its more extensive utilization. The combination of lysine (Lys) with a small molecular structure as a curing agent for modified soy-based wood adhesive allows Lys to penetrate wood pores easily and can result in better mechanical strength of soy protein-based composites, leading to the formation of strong chemical bonds between the amino acid and wood interface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the degree of penetration of the S/G/L-9% adhesive into the wood was significantly increased, the voids, such as ducts of wood at the bonding interface, were filled, and the interfacial bonding ability of the plywood was enhanced. Compared with the pure SPI adhesive, the corresponding wood breakage rate was boosted to 84%. The wet shear strength of the modified SPI adhesive was 0.64 MPa. When Lys and glycerol epoxy resin (GER) were added, the wet shear strength of plywood prepared by the S/G/L-9% adhesive reached 1.22 MPa, which increased by 29.8% compared with only GER (0.94 MPa). Furthermore, the resultant SPI adhesive displayed excellent thermostability. Water resistance of S/G/L-9% adhesive was further enhanced with respect to pure SPI and S/GER adhesives through curing with 9% Lys. In addition, this work provides a new and feasible strategy for the development and application of manufacturing low-cost, and renewable biobased adhesives with excellent mechanical properties, a promising alternative to traditional formaldehyde-free adhesives in the wood industry.
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Li M, Wang R, Wang H, Cao X, Cheng Y, Guan E, Bian K. Effect of microwave—Chemical modification on properties of soybean meal‐based wood adhesive. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Haijie Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinhua Cao
- Zhengzhou BIO Technology Development Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Zhengzhou BIO Technology Development Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou China
| | - Erqi Guan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Ke Bian
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
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Effects of Different Denaturants on the Properties of a Hot-Pressed Peanut Meal-Based Adhesive. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154878. [PMID: 35956827 PMCID: PMC9369892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant protein-based adhesives could fundamentally solve the problem of formaldehyde-based adhesive releasing formaldehyde, but enhancing bonding strength and water resistance is a necessary measure to realize practical applications. In this study, the effects of different denaturants on the properties of a hot-pressed peanut meal (HPM)-based adhesive before and after crosslinking were studied. Papain, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), urea and crosslinker-polyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) were used to prepare HPM-based adhesives. The functional groups, bonding strength, thermal behaviors, mass loss, moisture uptake value, viscosity and fracture surface of adhesive samples were analyzed. As a result, (1) papain was used to break HPM protein (HPMP) into polypeptide chains and to reduce the water resistance. (2) SDS and urea unfold the HPMP molecule and expose internal hydrophobic groups to improve the water resistance of the adhesive. (3) A denser network structure was formed by PAE and HPMP molecules, which significantly improved the bonding strength and water resistance of adhesives. In particular, after SDS denaturation and PAE crosslinking, compared with pure HPM adhesive, the wet shear strength increased by 96.4%, the mass loss and moisture uptake value reduced by 41.4% and 69.4%, and viscosity increased by 30.4%. This work provided an essential guide to design and prepare HPM-based adhesives.
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An Eco-Friendly Wood Adhesive Consisting of Soybean Protein and Cardanol-Based Epoxy for Wood Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142831. [PMID: 35890606 PMCID: PMC9316010 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde-derived wood adhesives have dominated in woody composites production up to now, while facing a significant challenge in non-renewable raw materials and the formaldehyde emission. To solve these problems, an eco-friendly soybean protein-based wood adhesive was explored via the addition of renewable cardanol based epoxy (CBE) as cross-linking agent. The curing mechanism and viscosity of the adhesives were investigated and the bonding performance was evaluated with three-ply plywood. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of new ether linkages and the consumption of epoxy groups in the cured adhesives, thereby improving the thermal stabilities and cohesion. Plywood bonded with the CBE-modified soybean protein-based adhesive reached the maximum wet shear strength of 1.11 MPa (4 wt.% CBE addition), a 48% increase compared to the control, whereas the viscosity of adhesive decreased by 68.2%. The wet shear strength of the plywood met the requirements of the Chinese National Standard GB/T 9846-2015 for interior plywood application. The formaldehyde-free adhesive with excellent water resistance adhesiveness performance shows great potential in woody composites as an alternative to formaldehyde derived wood adhesives.
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7
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A Green Resin Wood Adhesive from Synthetic Polyamide Crosslinking with Glyoxal. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142819. [PMID: 35890595 PMCID: PMC9318107 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyoxal is considered to be the most likely substitute for formaldehyde to synthesize resin adhesives for wood bonding due to its reactivity, structural characteristics, being non-toxic, low volatility, and acceptable cost. Regrettably, the performance of the resin synthesized using glyoxal to directly replace all formaldehyde is not totally satisfactory, especially as it has almost no water resistance. This makes such a simple alternative fail to be suitable for industrial production. To prepare an environment-friendly glyoxal-based adhesive with good bonding performance, the work presented here relies first on reacting citric acid and hexamethylene diamine, producing a polyamide, with glyoxal, and then crosslinking it, thus synthesizing a thermosetting resin (namely CHG) adhesive and applying it for plywood bonding. The plywood prepared exhibits excellent dry and wet shear strength, which are better than GB/T9846-2015 standard requirements (≥0.7 MPa), and even after being soaked in hot water at 63 °C for 3 h, its strength is still as high as 1.35 MPa. The CHG resin is then potentially an adhesive for industrial application for replacing UF (urea-formaldehyde) and MUF (melamine-urea-formaldehyde) adhesives for wood composites.
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8
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Cao L, Pizzi A, Zhang Q, Tian H, Lei H, Xi X, Du G. Preparation and characterization of a novel environment-friendly urea-glyoxal resin of improved bonding performance. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Li X, Jiang S, Li J, Li K, Li J. Highly dispersed manganese dioxide nanoparticles anchored on diatomite surface by sol–gel method and its performance on soybean meal‐based adhesive. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Li
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Shuaicheng Jiang
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Jiongjiong Li
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Kuang Li
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Jianzhang Li
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
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10
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Jiang K, Lei Z, Yi M, Lv W, Jing M, Feng Q, Tan H, Chen Y, Xiao H. Improved performance of soy protein adhesive with melamine-urea-formaldehyde prepolymer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27126-27134. [PMID: 35480695 PMCID: PMC9037677 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, soy protein adhesive, as an environmentally friendly bio-based adhesive, has attracted extensive attention. In this study, in order to ameliorate the bonding quality of soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesive, the melamine–urea–formaldehyde prepolymer (MUFP) was synthesized, and different amounts of it were introduced into the SPI adhesive as a cross-linking agent. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analyze (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analysis the mechanism of modification. The results of plywood test indicated that the wet bonding strength of the adhesives was first increased and then decreased with an increase in the amount of MUFP additive. FT-IR, TGA, and SEM tests suggested that the introduction of MUFP could promote the establishment of a cross-linking structure in the cured adhesive layer to improve the bonding quality of adhesives, but presence of excessive MUFP could introduce hydrophilic groups and adversely affect water resistance. In recent years, soy protein adhesive, as an environmentally friendly bio-based adhesive, has attracted extensive attention.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Zhenghui Lei
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Maoyu Yi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Wenxin Lv
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Mingwei Jing
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Qiaoling Feng
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Hailu Tan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 Sichuan China +86-028-86291456
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11
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Chen M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Shi SQ, Li J, Gao Q, Guo H. Soybean Meal-Based Wood Adhesive Enhanced by Phenol Hydroxymethylated Tannin Oligomer for Exterior Use. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040758. [PMID: 32244455 PMCID: PMC7240477 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based adhesives have low water resistance and they are less durable than synthetic adhesives, which limits their exterior applications. In this study, a bio adhesive was developed from soybean meal and larch tannin that was designed for exterior use. Phenol hydroxymethylated tannin oligomer (PHTO) was synthesized and then mixed with soybean meal flour in order to obtain a soybean meal-based adhesive (SPA). The results showed that the moisture absorption rate, residual rate, and solid content of SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (mass ratio with respect to the entire adhesive) were improved by 22.8%, 11.6%, and 6.8%, respectively, as compared with that of pure SPA. The wet shear strength of plywood with SPA with 10 wt % PHTO (boiling in 100 °C water for 3 h) was 1.04 MPa when compared with 0 MPa of pure SPA. This met the bond strength requirement of exterior-use plywood (GB/T 9846.3-2004). This improved adhesive performance was mainly due to the formation of a crosslinked structure between the PHTO and the protein and also PHTO self-crosslinking. The formaldehyde emission of the resulting plywood was the same as that of solid wood. The PHTO-modified SPA can potentially extend the applications of SPAs from interior to exterior plywood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (M.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (M.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yue Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (M.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Sheldon Q. Shi
- College of Engineering Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm street, Suite F101P, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USA;
| | - Jianzhang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (M.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Qiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (M.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (H.G.); Tel.: +86-01062336912 (Q.G.)
| | - Hongwu Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; (M.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (H.G.); Tel.: +86-01062336912 (Q.G.)
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12
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Drasar PB, Khripach VA. Growing Importance of Natural Products Research. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010006. [PMID: 31861374 PMCID: PMC6983153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B. Drasar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir A. Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5/2 Academician V. F. Kuprevich Street, BY-220141 Minsk, Belarus;
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13
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Effects of Different Denaturants on Properties and Performance of Soy Protein-Based Adhesive. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081262. [PMID: 31366098 PMCID: PMC6723224 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification of soy protein, via crosslinking, is the preferred method for creating non-toxic, renewable, environmentally friendly wood adhesives. The denaturing process of protein is important for the adhesive performance improvement. In order to investigate the effect of different denaturing agents on the performance of soy protein-based adhesives before and after crosslinking modification. In this study, three different denaturing agents—urea (U), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium hydrogen sulfite (SHS) and an epoxide crosslinking agent—Triglycidylamine (CA) were used to prepare soy protein-based adhesives. The results showed: (1) The denaturing agent unfolded protein molecules and exposed more hydrophobic groups to prevent water intrusion, which was mainly a contribution for the water resistance and performance improvement of soy protein-based adhesives. The wet shear strength was improved up to 91.3% (denaturing by urea). (2) After modifying by the crosslinking agent, the properties and performance improvement was due to the fact that the active groups on soybean protein molecules reacted with the crosslinking agent to form a crosslinking structure, and there is no obvious correlation with the hydrophobic groups of the protein. (3) The unfolded soybean protein molecules also expose hydrophilic groups, which facilitates the reaction between the crosslinking agent and protein to form a denser crosslinking structure to improve the performance of the adhesive. Particularly, after denaturing with SHS, the wet shear strength of the plywood bonded by the SPI-SHS-CA adhesive increased by 217.24%.
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