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Alruhaimi RS, Alotaibi MF, Alnasser SM, Alzoghaibi MA, Germoush MO, Alotaibi M, Hassanein EHM, Mahmoud AM. Farnesol prevents chlorpyrifos nephrotoxicity by modulating inflammatory mediators, Nrf2 and FXR and attenuating oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 190:114788. [PMID: 38849050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum insecticide widely employed in agricultural field for pest control. Exposure to CPF is associated with serious effects to the main organs, including kidneys. Significant evidence denotes that oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are implicated in CPF toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of farnesol (FAR) to modulate inflammatory mediators and farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) and Nrf2 in a rat model of CPF nephrotoxicity. CPF and FAR were orally supplemented for 28 days and blood and kidney samples were collected for investigations. CPF administration elevated blood creatinine and urea, kidney MDA and NO, and upregulated NF-κB p65, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and caspase-3. In addition, CPF upregulated kidney Keap1, and decreased GSH, antioxidant enzymes, and Nrf2, FXR, HO-1 and NQO-1. FAR ameliorated creatinine and urea, prevented histopathological alterations, decreased MDA and NO, and enhanced antioxidants in CPF-administered rats. FAR modulated NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, caspase-3, Keap1, HO-1, NQO-1, Nrf2 and FXR. In silico investigations revealed the binding affinity of FAR towards Keap1 and FXR, as well as NF-κB, caspase-3, iNOS, and HO-1. In conclusion, FAR prevents CPF-induced kidney injury by attenuating OS, inflammation, and apoptosis, effects associated with modulation of FXR, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman M Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Albatin, Hafar Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK; Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Peng Q, Jiang L, Shen Y, Xu Y, Shen X, Zou L, Zhu Y, Shen Y. LC-MS metabolomics analysis of serum metabolites during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03537-x. [PMID: 38831193 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the serum metabolite profiles during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis. METHODS 60 serum samples were collected from 20 patients with LARC before, during, and after radiotherapy. LC-MS metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the metabolite variations. Functional annotation was applied to discover altered metabolic pathways. The key metabolites were screened and their ability to predict sensitivity to radiotherapy was calculated using random forests and ROC curves. RESULTS The results showed that NCRT led to significant changes in the serum metabolite profiles. The serum metabolic profiles showed an apparent separation between different time points and different sensitivity groups. Moreover, the functional annotation showed that the differential metabolites were associated with a series of important metabolic pathways. Pre-radiotherapy (3Z,6Z)-3,6-Nonadiena and pro-radiotherapy 1-Hydroxyibuprofen showed good predictive performance in discriminating the sensitive and non-sensitive group to NCRT, with an AUC of 0.812 and 0.75, respectively. Importantly, the combination of different metabolites significantly increased the predictive ability. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the potential of LC-MS metabolomics for revealing the serum metabolite profiles during NCRT in LARC. The identified metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of this disease. Furthermore, the understanding of the affected metabolic pathways may help design more personalized therapeutic strategies for LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Haimen District People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinan Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqun Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Lange A, Matuszewski A, Kutwin M, Ostrowska A, Jaworski S. Farnesol and Selected Nanoparticles (Silver, Gold, Copper, and Zinc Oxide) as Effective Agents Against Biofilms Formed by Pathogenic Microorganisms. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:107-125. [PMID: 38645468 PMCID: PMC11032122 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s457124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Biofilms, which are created by most microorganisms, are known for their widely developed drug resistance, even more than planktonic forms of microorganisms. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of agents composed of farnesol and nanoparticles (silver, gold, copper, and zinc oxide) in the degradation of biofilms produced by pathogenic microorganisms. Methods Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were used to create the biofilm structure. Colloidal suspensions of silver, gold, copper, and zinc oxide (Ag, Au, Cu, ZnO) with the addition of farnesol (F) were used as the treatment factor. The size distribution of those composites was analyzed, their zeta potential was measured, and their structure was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The viability of the microorganism strains was assessed by an XTT assay, the ability to form biofilms was analyzed by confocal microscopy, and the changes in biofilm structure were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The general toxicity toward the HFFF2 cell line was determined by a neutral red assay and a human inflammation antibody array. Results The link between the two components (farnesol and nanoparticles) caused mutual stability of both components. Planktonic forms of the microorganisms were the most sensitive when exposed to AgF and CuF; however, the biofilm structure of all microorganism strains was the most disrupted (both inhibition of formation and changes within the structure) after AgF treatment. Composites were not toxic toward the HFFF2 cell line, although the expression of several cytokines was higher than in the not-treated group. Conclusion The in vitro studies demonstrated antibiofilm properties of composites based on farnesol and nanoparticles. The greatest changes in biofilm structure were triggered by AgF, causing an alteration in the biofilm formation process as well as in the biofilm structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Matuszewski
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Kadian M, Saini N, Khera A, Kumar A. Neuroprotective mechanism of trans,trans-Farnesol in an ICV-STZ-induced rat model of Alzheimer's pathology. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1545-1573. [PMID: 38308793 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent cause of dementia, resulting in neurodegeneration and memory impairment. This condition imposes a considerable public health burden on both patients and their families due to the patients' functional impairments as well as the psychological and financial constraints. It has been well demonstrated that its aetiology involves proteinopathy, mitochondriopathies, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which are some of the key features of AD brains that further result in oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The current investigation was created with the aim of elucidating the neurological defence mechanism of trans,trans-Farnesol (TF) against intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced Alzheimer-like symptoms and related pathologies in rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current investigation involved male SD rats receiving TF (25-100 mg/kg, per oral) consecutively for 21 days in ICV-STZ-treated animals. An in silico study was carried out to explore the possible interaction between TF and NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. Further, various behavioural (Morris water maze and novel object recognition test), biochemical (oxidants and anti-oxidant markers), activities of mitochondrial enzyme complexes and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α) levels, and histopathological studies were evaluated in specific brain regions. RESULTS Rats administered ICV-STZ followed by treatment with TF (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days had significantly better mental performance (reduced escape latency to access platform, extended time spent in target quadrant, and improved differential index) in the Morris water maze test and new object recognition test models when compared to control (ICV-STZ)-treated groups. Further, TF treatment significantly restored redox proportion, anti-oxidant levels, regained mitochondrial capacities, attenuated altered AChE action, levels of TNF-α, and histopathological alterations in certain brain regions in comparison with control. In in silico analysis, TF caused greater interaction with NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSION The current work demonstrates the neuroprotective ability of TF in an experimental model with AD-like pathologies. The study further suggests that the neuroprotective impacts of TF may be related to its effects on TNF-α levels, oxidative stress pathways, and mitochondrial complex capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kadian
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neetu Saini
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Alka Khera
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Huang X, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Deng S, He Q, Han H. Transcriptomic and targeted metabolome analyses revealed the regulatory mechanisms of the synthesis of bioactive compounds in Citrus grandis 'tomentosa'. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16881. [PMID: 38410798 PMCID: PMC10896087 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exocarpium Citri Grandis is a popular Chinese herbal medicine prepared from Citrus grandis 'tomentosa', and it is rich in several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, coumarins, and volatile oils. However, studies are yet to elucidate the mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of these active components. Therefore, the present study examined the profiles of flavonoids and volatile oil bioactive compounds in plant petals, fruits, and tender leaves, and then performed RNA sequencing on different tissues to identify putative genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The results show that the naringin, naringenin, and coumarin contents of the fruitlets were significantly higher than those of the tender leaves and petals, whereas the tender leaves had significantly higher levels of rhoifolin and apigenin. A total of 49 volatile oils, of which 10 were mainly found in flowers, 15 were mainly found in fruits, and 18 were mainly found in leaves, were identified. RNA sequencing identified 9,942 genes that were differentially expressed in different tissues. Further analysis showed that 20, 15, and 74 differentially expressed genes were involved in regulating flavonoid synthesis, regulating coumarin synthesis, and synthesis and regulation of terpenoids, respectively. CHI1 (Cg7g005600) and 1,2Rhat gene (Cg1g023820) may be involved in the regulation of naringin synthesis in C. grandis fruits. The HDR (Cg8g006150) gene, HMGS gene (Cg5g009630) and GGPS (Cg1g003650) may be involved in the regulation and synthesis of volatile oils in C. grandis petals. Overall, the findings of the present study enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolites in C. grandis, which could promote the breeding of C. grandis with desired characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Huang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technique Research Center for Exocarpium Citri Grandis Planting and Processing, Maoming, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Shiting Deng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Qinqin He
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technique Research Center for Exocarpium Citri Grandis Planting and Processing, Maoming, China
| | - Hanbing Han
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technique Research Center for Exocarpium Citri Grandis Planting and Processing, Maoming, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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Indumathi T, Suriyaprakash J, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH, Jaganathan R, Mathanmohun M. Synergistic effects of CuO/TiO 2 -chitosan-farnesol nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities on melanoma cells SK-MEL-3. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300505. [PMID: 37988658 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation focuses on synthesizing copper oxide (CuO)-titanium oxide (TiO2 )-chitosan-farnesol nanocomposites with potential antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties against Melanoma cells (melanoma cells [SK-MEL-3]). The nanocomposites were synthesized using the standard acetic acid method and subsequently characterized using an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results from the antibacterial tests against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Stapylococcus aureus demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, the antifungal studies using Candida albicans through the agar diffusion method displayed a considerable antifungal effect. For evaluating the anticancer activity, various assays such as MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis were conducted on SK-MEL-3 cells. The nanocomposites exhibited the ability to induce ROS generation, decrease MMP levels, and trigger apoptosis in SK-MEL-3 cells. Collectively, the findings demonstrated a distinct pattern for the synthesized bimetallic nanocomposites. Furthermore, these nanocomposites also displayed significant (p < 0.05) antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects when tested on the SK-MEL-3 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Indumathi
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadeesh Suriyaprakash
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- Microbiology Unit, Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL-RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Maghimaa Mathanmohun
- Department of Microbiology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Giuliani C, Bottoni M, Milani F, Spada A, Falsini S, Papini A, Santagostini L, Fico G. An Integrative Approach to Selected Species of Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae): Insights into Morphology and Phytochemistry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38256709 PMCID: PMC10819483 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we studied Tanacetum vulgare, Tanacetum parthenium, and Tanacetum corymbosum (Asteraceae) cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northern Italy) of the University of Milan. An integrative research approach was adopted: microscopic and histochemical, with special focus on the secretory structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; phytochemical, with the analysis of the essential oil (EO) profiles from the air-dried, flowered aerial parts collected in June 2021; bio-ecological, with emphasis, based on literature data, on the ecology and biological activity of the main EO components. In all three species, two basic trichome morphotypes (flagellar non-glandular and biseriate glandular) occurred with different distribution patterns. The glandular ones produced terpenes, along with flavonoids. A high level of chemical variability in the EO compositions emerged, specifically for qualitative data. T. vulgare profile was more complex and heterogeneous than those obtained from T. parthenium and T. corymbosum, with camphor as the predominant compound, followed by farnesol and α-santalone, respectively. Finally, the obtained scientific findings were made available to the visitors of the botanic garden through new dissemination labeling that highlights the "invisible", microscopic features of the plants, from an Open Science perspective ("Botanic Garden, factories of molecules…work in progress"-Lombardy Region Project Lr. 25/2016, year 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Spada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Falsini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Giorgio La Pira, 50121 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Giorgio La Pira, 50121 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Santagostini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
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Müller A, Lozoya M, Chen X, Weissig V, Nourbakhsh M. Farnesol Inhibits PI3 Kinase Signaling and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Primary Human Renal Epithelial Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3322. [PMID: 38137543 PMCID: PMC10741437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and elevated cytokine levels are closely associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is responsible for the manifestation of numerous complications and mortality. In addition to conventional CKD therapies, the possibility of using natural compounds with anti-inflammatory potential has attracted widespread attention in scientific research. This study aimed to study the potential anti-inflammatory effects of a natural oil compound, farnesol, in primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell (RPTEC) culture. Farnesol was encapsulated in lipid-based small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) to overcome its insolubility in cell culture medium. The cell attachment of empty vesicles (SUVs) and farnesol-loaded vesicles (farnesol-SUVs) was examined using BODIPY, a fluorescent dye with hydrophobic properties. Next, we used multiple protein, RNA, and protein phosphorylation arrays to investigate the impact of farnesol on inflammatory signaling in RPTECs. The results indicated that farnesol inhibits TNF-α/IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of the PI3 kinase p85 subunit and subsequent transcriptional activation of the inflammatory genes TNFRSF9, CD27, TNFRSF8, DR6, FAS, IL-7, and CCL2. Therefore, farnesol may be a promising natural compound for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Müller
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Maria Lozoya
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (M.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Volkmar Weissig
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (M.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Mahtab Nourbakhsh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.M.); (X.C.)
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9
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Al-Hakami IA, El-Shaibany A, Al-Mahbashi H, Abdelkhalek AS, Elaasser MM, Raslan AE. GC-MS profiling and evaluation of acute oral toxicity, anti-tumour, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Croton socotranus Balf.f. aerial parts: in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico studies. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37971902 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2280820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Croton socotranus Balf.f. shrub is widely used traditionally in Asia as an anti-infective. The study was conducted for metabolite profiling, oral acute toxicity and antioxidant studies, antimicrobial activity and anticancer effect against human hepatoma (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 39 compounds, predominantly comprising fatty acids (57.76%), sesquiterpenes (24.56%) and triterpenes (9.54%). The n-hexane fraction exhibited promising antimicrobial activity and displayed a potent anti-tumour effect against HepG2, MCF-7 and RD cells with IC50 values of 3.4, 6.5 and 7.1 μg/mL, respectively. Histological examination revealed significant morphological changes consistent with the changes observed in the apoptotic mechanism of action. The molecular docking study provided insights into the rational binding modes of the identified compounds with phosphoinositide 3-kinase and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 enzymes. Our findings suggest the potential of C. socotranus as a valuable source of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina El-Shaibany
- Pharmacognosy Department, University of Sana'a, Pharmacy College, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Hassan Al-Mahbashi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Sanàa University, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Ahmed S Abdelkhalek
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali E Raslan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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10
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Froldi G, Benetti F, Mondin A, Roverso M, Pangrazzi E, Djeujo FM, Pastore P. Pterodon emarginatus Seed Preparations: Antiradical Activity, Chemical Characterization, and In Silico ADMET Parameters of β-caryophyllene and Farnesol. Molecules 2023; 28:7494. [PMID: 38005216 PMCID: PMC10673522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of medicinal plants and their active compounds is relevant to maintaining knowledge of traditional medicine and to the development of new drugs of natural origin with lower environmental impact. From the seeds of the Brazilian plant Pterodon emarginatus, six different preparations were obtained: essential oil (EO), ethanol extract (EthE) prepared using the traditional method, and four extracts using solvents at different polarities, such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol (HexE, ChlE, EtAE, and MetE). Chemical characterization was carried out with gas chromatography, allowing the identification of several terpenoids as characteristic components. The two sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and farnesol were identified in all preparations of Pterodon emarginatus, and their amounts were also evaluated. Furthermore, the total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the extracts were assessed. Successively, the antiradical activity with DPPH and ORAC assays and the influence on cell proliferation by the MTT test on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line of the preparations and the two compounds were evaluated. Lastly, an in silico study of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) showed that β-caryophyllene and farnesol could be suitable candidates for development as drugs. The set of data obtained highlights the potential medicinal use of Pterodon emarginatus seeds and supports further studies of both plant preparations and isolated compounds, β-caryophyllene and farnesol, for their potential use in disease with free radical involvement as age-related chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Francesco Benetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Andrea Mondin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Elisa Pangrazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Francine Medjiofack Djeujo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
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11
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Sharma H, Sehgal R, Shekhar N, Shoeran G, Kaur U, Medhi B. Antiparasitic effect of Farnesol against Leishmania major: A rationale from in vitro and in silico investigations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293290. [PMID: 37930969 PMCID: PMC10627473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by the infective bite of female Phlebotomine sandflies. Treatment of leishmaniasis by conventional synthetic compounds is met by challenges pertaining to adverse effects which call for the discovery of newer anti-leishmanial molecules. This study was performed to evaluate the effect and modes of action of a sesquiterpene alcoholic molecule Farnesol on Leishmania major, the causative agent of Zoonotic CL. The cytotoxic effect of Farnesol against L.major promastigotes, amastigotes and macrophages was assessed by MTT test and counting. The IC50 on promastigotes by Farnesol on L.major was also evaluated by flow cytometry. In the findings, promastigotes were reduced at 167μM. The mean numbers of L.major amastigotes in macrophages were significantly decreased on exposure to Farnesol at 172μM. In addition, Farnesol induced significant apoptosis dose-dependent on L.major promastigotes. In silico protein-ligand_binding analyses indicated the effect of Farnesol in perturbation of the ergosterol synthesis pathway of Leishmania with attributes suggesting inhibition of Lanosterol-α-demethylase, the terminal enzyme of ergosterol synthesis machinery. Findings from flow cytometry reveal the role of Farnesol in apoptosis-induced killing in promastigotes. Farnesol was effective at very lower concentrations when compared to Paromomycin. Further studies are crucial to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Farnesol alone or in combination with other conventional drugs in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Sharma
- Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation-DU, Puducherry, India
| | - Nishant Shekhar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Shoeran
- Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Upninder Kaur
- Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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12
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Gayatri Devi R, Ezhilarasan D. Concurrent administration of farnesol protects acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23478. [PMID: 37458150 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause acute liver injury and acute liver failure in Western countries. This study investigates the protective role of farnesol (FAR) (C15 H26 O), a natural sesquiterpene alcohol in essential oils, against APAP-induced acute liver necrosis in mice. Mice were injected with a single dose of APAP (300 mg/kg) via an intraperitoneal route. Different groups of mice were concurrently treated with a single dose of FAR 25 mg/kg, FAR 50 mg/kg, and N-acetylcysteine. APAP administration caused a significant increase in transaminase activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and liver tissue, respectively, with a concomitant decrease in intracellular antioxidants, including reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissue. APAP intoxication upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and IκB kinase β in the liver tissue. FAR and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administrations concurrently with APAP prevented serum transaminase increase in serum and MDA levels in the liver tissue. A high dose of FAR and NAC treatments significantly inhibited GSH and other antioxidant depletion. FAR and NAC treatments also downregulated the expression of proinflammatory markers. FAR treatments protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury and offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway involved in the transcription of genes responsible for inflammatory cytokine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Gayatri Devi
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Bonincontro G, Scuderi SA, Marino A, Simonetti G. Synergistic Effect of Plant Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials against Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida spp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1531. [PMID: 38004397 PMCID: PMC10675371 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal biofilm has increased antibiotic resistance and plays an essential role in many persistent diseases. Biofilm-associated chronic infections are difficult to treat and reduce the efficacy of medical devices. This global problem has prompted extensive research to find alternative strategies to fight microbial chronic infections. Plant bioactive metabolites with antibiofilm activity are known to be potential resources to alleviate this problem. The phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants showed different active groups, such as stilbenes, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenolics, flavonoids, lignans, quinones, and coumarins. Synergistic effects can be observed in the interaction between plant compounds and conventional drugs. This review analyses and summarises the current knowledge on the synergistic effects of plant metabolites in combination with conventional antimicrobials against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The synergism of conventional antimicrobials with plant compounds can modify and inhibit the mechanisms of acquired resistance, reduce undesirable effects, and obtain an appropriate therapeutic effect at lower doses. A deeper knowledge of these combinations and of their possible antibiofilm targets is needed to develop next-generation novel antimicrobials and/or improve current antimicrobials to fight drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Bonincontro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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14
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Zhan Y, Wang H, Wu Z, Zeng Z. Study on the Common Molecular Mechanism of Metabolic Acidosis and Myocardial Damage Complicated by Neonatal Pneumonia. Metabolites 2023; 13:1118. [PMID: 37999214 PMCID: PMC10673214 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common clinical disease in the neonatal period and poses a serious risk to infant health. Therefore, the understanding of molecular mechanisms is of great importance for the development of methods for the rapid and accurate identification, classification and staging, and even disease diagnosis and therapy of pneumonia. In this study, a nontargeted metabonomic method was developed and applied for the analysis of serum samples collected from 20 cases in the pneumonia control group (PN) and 20 and 10 cases of pneumonia patients with metabolic acidosis (MA) and myocardial damage (MD), respectively, with the help of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). The results showed that compared with the pneumonia group, 23 and 21 differential metabolites were identified in pneumonia with two complications. They showed high sensitivity and specificity, with the area under the curve (ROC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) larger than 0.7 for each differential molecule. There were 14 metabolites and three metabolic pathways of sphingolipid metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism existing in both groups of PN and MA, and PN and MD, all involving significant changes in pathways closely related to amino acid metabolism disorders, abnormal cell apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. These findings of molecular mechanisms should help a lot to fully understand and even treat the complications of pneumonia in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
| | - Huaiyan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China;
| | - Zeying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Zhongda Zeng
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
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15
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Mostafa EM, El-Ghorab AH, Ghoneim MM, Ebrahim HA, Abulfaraj M, Abdelgawad MA, Farouk A, Musa A. Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potential of Launaea mucronata Forssk Essential Oil Growing in Northern Saudi Arabia. Molecules 2023; 28:7025. [PMID: 37894504 PMCID: PMC10609284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are naturally occurring multicomponent combinations of isoprenoids with distinctive odors that are produced by aromatic plants from mevalonic acid. They are extensively applied in aromatherapy for the treatment of various ailments. To investigate the potential therapeutic value of the ingredients in Launaea mucronata essential oil (EO), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used for essential oil characterization. Then, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene/linoleic acid, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidants. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to estimate the cytotoxicity. Following a thorough analysis of the GC-MS chromatogram, 87 components representing 97.98% of the entire EO mixture were identified. N-eicosane (10.92%), 2E,6Z-farnesol (10.74%), and 2Z,6E-farnesyl acetone (46.35%) were determined to be the major components of the oil. When the produced EO was evaluated for its antioxidant properties, it showed a strong inhibitory effect (%) of 65.34 at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. The results (g/mL) showed a positive response against the tested cell lines for HCT-116, MCF-7, and HepG2 (8.45, 10.24, and 6.78 g/mL, respectively). A high-concentration mixture of deadly components consisting of farnesol, bisabolol, eicosane, and farnesyl acetone may be responsible for this significant cytotoxic action, which was especially noticeable in the HepG2 cell line. Molecular docking occurred between farnesol and farnesyl acetone with the target residues of topoisomerases I and II, CDK4/cyclD1, and Aurora B kinases; these showed binding free energies ranging from -4.5 to -7.4 kcal/mol, thus demonstrating their antiproliferative action. In addition, farnesol and farnesyl acetone fulfilled most of the ADME and drug-likeness properties, indicating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. El-Ghorab
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Flavour and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Moaz Abulfaraj
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Farouk
- Flavour and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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16
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Doyle WJ, Walters D, Shi X, Hoffman K, Magori K, Roullet JB, Ochoa-Repáraz J. Farnesol brain transcriptomics in CNS inflammatory demyelination. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109752. [PMID: 37673223 PMCID: PMC10619994 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farnesol (FOL) prevents the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE We examined the transcriptomic profile of the brains of EAE mice treated with daily oral FOL using next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq). METHODS Transcriptomics from whole brains of treated and untreated EAE mice at the peak of EAE was performed. RESULTS EAE-induced mice, compared to naïve, healthy mice, overall showed increased expression in pathways for immune response, as well as an increased cytokine signaling pathway, with downregulation of cellular stress proteins. FOL downregulates pro-inflammatory pathways and attenuates the immune response in EAE. FOL downregulated the expression of genes involved in misfolded protein response, MAPK activation/signaling, and pro-inflammatory response. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the molecular impact of FOL in the brain and identifies potential therapeutic targets of the isoprenoid pathway in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Dana Walters
- Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Xutong Shi
- Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Kristina Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Krisztian Magori
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Javier Ochoa-Repáraz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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17
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Casarcia N, Rogers P, Guld E, Iyer S, Li Y, Burcher JT, DeLiberto LK, Banerjee S, Bishayee A. Phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer: Current progress and future prospects. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37740585 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, owing to its aggressive nature and suboptimal treatment options, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Emerging studies have exhibited promising results regarding the therapeutic utility of plant-derived compounds (phytochemicals) in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was applied to collect articles for this review. Scholarly databases, including PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, were queried for relevant studies using the following keywords: phytochemicals, phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, sulfur-containing compounds, in vitro, in vivo, clinical studies, pancreatic cancer, tumour, treatment and prevention. Aggregate results pooled from qualified studies indicate phytochemicals can inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth or decrease tumour size and volume in animal models. These effects have been attributed to various mechanisms, such as increasing proapoptotic factors, decreasing antiapoptotic factors, or inducing cell death and cell cycle arrest. Notable signalling pathways modulated by phytochemicals include the rat sarcoma/mitogen activated protein kinase, wingless-related integration site/β-catenin and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction pathways. Clinically, phytochemicals have been found to increase survival while being well-tolerated and safe, though research is scarce. While these promising results have produced great interest in this field, further in-depth studies are required to characterize the anticancer activities of phytochemicals before they can be utilized to prevent or treat pancreatic cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Patrick Rogers
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Emma Guld
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Samvit Iyer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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18
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Yang MH, Lee M, Deivasigamani A, Le DD, Mohan CD, Hui KM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Decanoic Acid Exerts Its Anti-Tumor Effects via Targeting c-Met Signaling Cascades in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4681. [PMID: 37835375 PMCID: PMC10571573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DA, one of the medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil, is suggested to have diverse biochemical functions. However, its possible role as a chemoprevention agent in HCC has not been deciphered. Aberrant activation of c-Met can modulate tumor growth and progression in HCC. Here, we report that DA exhibited pro-found anti-tumor effects on human HCC through the suppression of HGF/c-Met signaling cascades in vitro and in vivo. It was noted that DA inhibited HGF-induced activation of c-Met and its downstream signals. DA induced apoptotic cell death and inhibited the expression of diverse tumorigenic proteins. In addition, DA attenuated tumor growth and lung metastasis in the HCC mouse model. Similar to in vitro studies, DA also suppressed the expression of c-Met and its downstream signals in mice tissues. These results highlight the substantial potential of DA in the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.L.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (A.D.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Duc Dat Le
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si 57922, Republic of Korea; (M.L.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (A.D.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
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19
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Mickymaray S, Al Aboody MS, Eraqi MM, Alhoqail WA, Alothaim AS, Suresh K, Arulselvan P. Chitosan-encapsulated nickel oxide, tin dioxide, and farnesol nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and anticancer properties in breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125799. [PMID: 37451381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women; however, it is curable in most cases (up to 80 %) when detected and treated at an early non-metastatic stage. Nanotechnology has led to the development of potential chemotherapeutic techniques, particularly for tumor treatment. Nanotechnology has therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. Chitosan, a natural polymer derived from chitin, has been extensively studied for its potential applications in a wide range of fields. This includes medicine for its anticancer properties. In the present study, Chitosan-encapsulated-NiO-TiO2-Farnesol hybrid nanomaterials (CNTF HNMs) were synthesized and characterized using several techniques, including electron microscopy (TEM, FE-SEM), spectroscopy (UV-visible [UV-Vis], Fourier Transform Infrared [FT-IR] spectroscopy, and photoluminescence [PL]), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) composition analysis, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. With an estimated average crystallite size of 34.8 nm, the face-cantered cubic crystalline structure of the CNTF HNMs is identified. Cell viability assay by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, dual AO/EtBr (Acridine Orange/ Ethidium bromide), JC-1 (5,5,6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3' tetraethylbenzimi-dazoylcarbocyanine iodide), DCFH-DA (Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate), Annexin V-FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) /PI (Propidium Iodide), and cell cycle study was used to assess the ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to kill MDA-MB-231 cells. The CNTF HNMs had high antibacterial effectiveness against multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacterial pathogens and reference strains. The findings suggest that NPs increased the number of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changed the Δψm, and initiated apoptosis. There is enormous potential for CNTF HNMs as both antibacterial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science- Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Mohammed Saleh Al Aboody
- Department of Biology, College of Science- Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mostafa M Eraqi
- Department of Biology, College of Science- Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Wardha A Alhoqail
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz S Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science- Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kaviya Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai 600 116, India
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Muthayammal Centre for Advanced Research, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637408, India; Scigen Research and Innovation Pvt. Ltd., Periyar Technology Business Incubator, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Rants'o TA, Koekemoer LL, van Zyl RL. Bioactivity of select essential oil constituents against life stages of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp Parasitol 2023:108569. [PMID: 37330107 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, and An. arabiensis is a main malaria vector in arid African countries. Like other anophelines, its life cycle comprises of three aquatic stages; egg, larva, and pupa, followed by a free flying adult stage. Current vector control interventions using synthetic insecticides target these stages using adulticides or less commonly, larvicides. With escalating insecticide resistance against almost all conventional insecticides, identification of agents that simultaneously act at multiple stages of Anopheles life cycle presents a cost-effective opportunity. A further cost-effective approach would be the discovery of such insecticides from natural origin. Interestingly, essential oils present as potential sources of cost-effective and eco-friendly bioinsecticides. This study aimed to identify essential oil constituents (EOCs) with potential toxic effects against multiple stages of An. arabiensis life cycle. Five EOCs were assessed for inhibition of Anopheles egg hatching and ability to kill larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes of An. arabiensis species. One of these EOCs, namely methyleugenol, exhibited potent Anopheles egg hatchability inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.51 ± 0.03 μM compared to propoxur (IC50: 5.13 ± 0.62 μM). Structure-activity relationship study revealed that methyleugenol and propoxur share a 1,2-dimethoxybenze moiety that may be responsible for the observed egg-hatchability inhibition. On the other hand, all five EOCs exhibited potent larvicidal activity with LC50 values less than 5 μM, with four of them; cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol, (-)-α-bisabolol, and farnesol, also possessing potent pupicidal effects (LC50 < 5 μM). Finally, all EOCs showed only moderate lethality against adult mosquitoes. This study reports for the first time, methyleugenol, (-)-α-bisabolol and farnesol as potent bioinsecticides against early life stages of An. arabiensis. This synchronized activity against Anopheles aquatic stages shows a prospect to integrate EOCs into existing adulticide-based vector control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thankhoe A Rants'o
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizette L Koekemoer
- WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robyn L van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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21
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Spaggiari L, Squartini Ramos GB, Squartini Ramos CA, Ardizzoni A, Pedretti N, Blasi E, De Seta F, Pericolini E. Anti- Candida and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Vaginal Gel Formulation: Novel Data Concerning Vaginal Infection and Dysbiosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1551. [PMID: 37375053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal ecosystem is a unique environment where, in physiological conditions, lactobacilli dominate. However, pathogenic microbial species responsible for vaginitis and vaginosis can also harbor vaginal microbiota. To extend our previously published data, we analyzed here both the anti-Candida and anti-inflammatory properties of the vaginal gel formulation, Respecta® Balance Gel (RBG), commercialized as an adjuvant to treat vaginitis and vaginosis. We evaluated its activity by an in vitro model where a monolayer of A-431 vaginal epithelial cells was infected by Candida albicans in the presence of RBG or the placebo formulation (pRBG). Specifically, we tested the RBG capacity to counteract C. albicans virulence factors and their anti-inflammatory properties. Our results show that, unlike the placebo, RBG reduces C. albicans adhesion, its capacity to form hyphae and C. albicans-induced vaginal cell damage. Interestingly, both RBG and pRBG reduce LPS-induced IL-8 secretion (with RBG being the most effective), demonstrating that also the placebo retains anti-inflammatory properties. From our experimental approach, we highlighted the possible role of farnesol on such effects, but we would like to point out that lactic acid, polydextrose and glycogen too must be relevant in the actual application. In summary, our results show that RBG impairs C. albicans virulence and is able to reduce the inflammation in the vaginal environment, ultimately allowing the establishment of a balanced vaginal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Spaggiari
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D. Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gianfranco B Squartini Ramos
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina A Squartini Ramos
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Natalia Pedretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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22
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Rosales Martínez A, Rodríguez-García I. Marine Puupehenone and Puupehedione: Synthesis and Future Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:322. [PMID: 37367647 DOI: 10.3390/md21060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Puupehenone and puupehedione are natural products isolated from marine organisms. These compounds display a broad spectrum of biological activities, the in vitro antitubercular activity of puupehenone being a stand out, and are equipped with an interesting structural complexity. These products have served to stimulate the continual interest of the synthetic community. The first part of this article is a review of their total synthesis, using natural compounds which have the potential to be transformed into these marine compounds as starting materials; the synthetic routes employed to generate the basic skeleton; and the advances made to synthesize the pyran C ring with the required diastereoselectivity to obtain the natural products. Finally, this perspective shows a personal reflection of the authors on a possible unified and efficient retrosynthetic route that could allow easy access to these natural products, as well as their epimers at the C8 carbon and which could be used to address future biological issues in the production of pharmacologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosales Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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23
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In vitro and in silico analysis of the Anopheles anticholinesterase activity of terpenoids. Parasitol Int 2023; 93:102713. [PMID: 36455706 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus are major vectors in high malaria endemic African regions. Various terpenoid classes form the main chemical constituent repository of essential oils, many of which have been shown to possess insecticidal effects against Anopheles species. The current study aimed to assess the bioactivity of terpenoids including four sesquiterpene alcohols, farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, cis-nerolidol, and trans-nerolidol; a phenylpropanoid, methyleugenol, and a monoterpene, (R)-(+)-limonene, using the larvicidal screening assay against the four Anopheles species. The mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and in silico molecular modelling. All six terpenoids showed potent larvicidal activity against the four Anopheles species. Insights into the mechanism of action revealed that the six terpenoids are strong AChE inhibitors against An. funestus and An. arabiensis, while there was a moderate inhibitory activity against An. gambiae AChE, but very weak activity against An. coluzzii. Interestingly, in the in silico study, farnesol established a favourable hydrogen bonding interaction with a conserved amino acid residue, Cys447, at the entrance to the active site gorge. While (-)-α-bisabolol and methyleugenol displayed a strong interaction with the catalytic Ser360 and adjacent amino acid residues; but sparing the mutable Gly280 residue that confers resistance to the current anticholinesterase insecticides. As a result, this study identified farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, and methyleugenol as selective bioinsecticidal agents with potent Anopheles AChE inhibition. These terpenoids present as natural compounds for further development as anticholinesterase bioinsecticides.
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Rants'o TA, Koekemoer LL, van Zyl RL. The insecticidal activity of essential oil constituents against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Int 2023; 95:102749. [PMID: 36898498 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticides for indoor residual spraying and long-lasting bed nets. However, insecticide resistance to pyrethroids among others, has escalated. Anopheles funestus, one of the major African malaria vectors, has attained significant levels of resistance to pyrethroids. Overexpressed P450 monooxygenases have been previously identified in pyrethroid resistant An. funestus. The escalating resistance against conventional insecticides signals an urgent need for identification of novel insecticides. Essential oils have gained recognition as promising sources of alternative natural insecticides. This study investigated six essential oil constituents, farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol, methyleugenol, santalol (α and β isomers) and essential oil of sandalwood, for the adulticidal effects against pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus strain. The susceptibility against these terpenoids were evaluated on both pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant An. funestus. Furthermore, the presence of overexpressed monooxygenases in resistant An. funestus was confirmed. Results showed that both the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant An. funestus were susceptible to three EOCs; cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol and methyleugenol. On the other hand, the pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus survived exposure to both farnesol and (-)-α-bisabolol. This study however does not show any direct association of the overexpressed Anopheles monooxygenases and the efficacy of farnesol and (-)-α-bisabolol. The enhanced activity of these terpenoids against resistant An. funestus that has been pre-exposed to a synergist, piperonyl butoxide, suggests their potential effectiveness in combination with monooxygenase inhibitors. This study proposes that cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol and methyleugenol are potential agents for further investigation as novel bioinsecticides against pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thankhoe A Rants'o
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lizette L Koekemoer
- WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robyn L van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Chen CY, Kuo SM, Wu GX, Yang SW. Synergistic prevention and reparative effects of sesquiterpene farnesol in a rabbit model of surgical resection-induced osteoarthritis. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:016105. [PMID: 36647547 PMCID: PMC9840532 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage may regenerate poorly after injury or during aging. In vitro, farnesol can modulate extracellular matrix synthesis and restore chondrocyte phenotypes by increasing type II collagen (COL II) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production. Here, we evaluated farnesol's preventive and reparative effects against osteoarthritis (OA) in vivo. We induced OA in rabbits through resection of the lateral collateral ligament and meniscus. After 2 weeks, the affected limb was treated with 0.5 ml of 0.4 mM farnesol, hyaluronan (HA) nanoparticle-encapsulated 0.8 mM farnesol (Farn/HA), or HA nanoparticles intra-articularly. After 2 and 6 treatment weeks, synovial inflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed. We also removed the entire joint cartilage from lateral femoral condyles for histological investigation. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration of farnesol was 0.5 mM. Farn/HA had relatively low cytotoxicity showing cells remained viable after being treated with 1 mM a concentration Farn/HA. Untreated lateral condyle exhibited extensive wear. By contrast, 0.4 mM farnesol or 0.8 mM Farn/HA led to a relatively transparent and bright appearance. After 2 and 6 treatment weeks, farnesol, particularly 0.8 mM Farn/HA, reduced matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 13 levels considerably. Therefore, 0.8 mM Farn/HA, which enabled slow drug release, demonstrated the highest anti-inflammatory and OA preventive effects. After 6 treatment weeks, farnesol also promoted COL II and GAG synthesis and, thus, aided healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Guan Xuan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shan Wei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 81346, Taiwan,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: 887 7 342 2121. ext. 73048. Fax: 886 7 342 2228
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26
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Verdaguer IB, Crispim M, Hernández A, Katzin AM. The Biomedical Importance of the Missing Pathway for Farnesol and Geranylgeraniol Salvage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248691. [PMID: 36557825 PMCID: PMC9782597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are the output of the polymerization of five-carbon, branched isoprenic chains derived from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and its isomer, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Isoprene units are consecutively condensed to form longer structures such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (FPP and GGPP, respectively), necessary for the biosynthesis of several metabolites. Polyprenyl transferases and synthases use polyprenyl pyrophosphates as their natural substrates; however, it is known that free polyprenols, such as farnesol (FOH), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be incorporated into prenylated proteins, ubiquinone, cholesterol, and dolichols. Furthermore, FOH and GGOH have been shown to block the effects of isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors such as fosmidomycin, bisphosphonates, or statins in several organisms. This phenomenon is the consequence of a short pathway, which was observed for the first time more than 25 years ago: the polyprenol salvage pathway, which works via the phosphorylation of FOH and GGOH. Biochemical studies in bacteria, animals, and plants suggest that this pathway can be carried out by two enzymes: a polyprenol kinase and a polyprenyl-phosphate kinase. However, to date, only a few genes have been unequivocally identified to encode these enzymes in photosynthetic organisms. Nevertheless, pieces of evidence for the importance of this pathway abound in studies related to infectious diseases, cancer, dyslipidemias, and nutrition, and to the mitigation of the secondary effects of several drugs. Furthermore, nowadays it is known that both FOH and GGOH can be incorporated via dietary sources that produce various biological effects. This review presents, in a simplified but comprehensive manner, the most important data on the FOH and GGOH salvage pathway, stressing its biomedical importance The main objective of this review is to bring to light the need to discover and characterize the kinases associated with the isoprenoid salvage pathway in animals and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcell Crispim
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Agustín Hernández
- Integrated Unit for Research in Biodiversity (BIOTROP-CCBS), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Miguel Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7330; Fax: +55-11-3091-7417
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27
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Farnesol Protects against Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin-Induced Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death: An In Vivo Study in Wistar Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238589. [PMID: 36500681 PMCID: PMC9737179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an antineoplastic drug that is used extensively in managing multiple cancer types. However, DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity is a limiting factor for its widespread use and considerably affects patients' quality of life. Farnesol (FSN) is a sesquiterpene with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Thus, the current study explored the cardioprotective effect of FSN against DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7) and treated for 14 days. Group I (Control): normal saline, p.o. daily for 14 days; Group II (TOXIC): DOXO 2.4 mg/kg, i.p, thrice weekly for 14 days; Group III: FSN 100 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 14 days + DOXO similar to Group II; Group IV: FSN 200 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 14 days + DOXO similar to Group II; Group V (Standard): nifedipine 10 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 14 days + DOXO similar to Group II. At the end of the study, animals were weighed, blood was collected, and heart-weight was measured. The cardiac tissue was used to estimate biochemical markers and for histopathological studies. The observed results revealed that the FSN-treated group rats showed decrease in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio, reversed the oxidative stress, cardiac-specific injury markers, proinflammatory and proapoptotic markers and histopathological aberrations towards normal, and showed cardioprotection. In summary, the FSN reduces cardiac injuries caused by DOXO via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic potential. However, more detailed mechanism-based studies are needed to bring this drug into clinical use.
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Uncovering the Key Targets and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Qizhen Capsule in Gastric Cancer through Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatic Analyses. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1718143. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1718143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study is aimed at screening out effective active compounds of Qizhen capsule (QZC) and exploring the underlying mechanisms against gastric cancer (GACA) by combining both bioinformatic analysis and experimental approaches. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), network pharmacology, molecular docking simulation, survival analysis, and data-based differential gene and protein expression analysis were employed to predict QZC’s potential targets and explore the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, multiple experiments, including cell viability, apoptosis, and protein expression analyses, were conducted to validate the bioinformatics-predicted therapeutic targets. The results indicated that luteolin, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol were vital active compounds, and TP53, MAPK1, and AKT1 were key targets. Molecular docking simulation showed that the four abovementioned active compounds had high binding affinities to the three main targets. Enrichment analysis showed that vital active compounds exerted therapeutic effects on GACA through regulating the TP53 pathway, MAPK pathway, and PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, data-based gene expression analysis revealed that TP53 and JUN genes were not only differentially expressed between normal and GACA tissues but also correlated with clinical stages. In parallel, in vitro experimental results suggested that QZC exerted therapeutic effects on GACA by decreasing IC50 values, downregulating AKT expression, upregulating TP53 and MAPK expression, and increasing apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. This study highlights the potential candidate biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and basic mechanisms of QZC in treating GACA, providing a foundation for new drug development, target mining, and related animal studies in GACA.
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Yin X, Han L, Zheng W, Cai L, Qin M, He Z, Kang J. Global regulatory factor AaLaeA upregulates the production of antitumor substances in the endophytic fungus Alternaria alstroemeria. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1402-1414. [PMID: 36041052 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The global regulatory factor LaeA has been shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in various fungi. In a previous work, we isolated an endophytic fungus from Artemisia annua, and its extract had a significant inhibitory effect on the A549 cancer cell line. Phylogenetic analysis further identified the strain as Alternaria alstroemeria. Overexpression of AalaeA gene resulted in significantly increased antitumor activity of this strain's extract. The 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay results showed that the inhibition rate of the AalaeAOE29 mutant extract on A549 cancer cells was significantly higher than that of the WT extract, as the IC50 decreased from 195.0 to 107.4 μg/ml, and the total apoptosis rate was enhanced. Overexpression of the AalaeA gene significantly increased the contents of myricetin, geraniol, ergosterol, and 18 other antitumor compounds as determined by metabolomic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in 95 genes in the mutant strain, including polyketide synthases, nonribosomal peptide synthases, cytochrome P450s, glycosyltransferases, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases, and others. These results suggested that AaLaeA mediated the antitumor activity of the metabolites in A. alstroemeria by regulating multiple metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China.,Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Long Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China.,Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China.,Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China.,Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Min Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China.,Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangjiang He
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China.,Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jichuan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China.,Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
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30
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Ivanova A, Ivanova K, Fiandra L, Mantecca P, Catelani T, Natan M, Banin E, Jacobi G, Tzanov T. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antiviral Farnesol-Containing Nanoparticles Prevent Staphylococcus aureus from Drug Resistance Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147527. [PMID: 35886883 PMCID: PMC9321328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug antimicrobial resistance is a constantly growing health care issue associated with increased mortality and morbidity, and huge financial burden. Bacteria frequently form biofilm communities responsible for numerous persistent infections resistant to conventional antibiotics. Herein, novel nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the natural bactericide farnesol (FSL NPs) are generated using high-intensity ultrasound. The nanoformulation of farnesol improved its antibacterial properties and demonstrated complete eradication of Staphylococcus aureus within less than 3 h, without inducing resistance development, and was able to 100% inhibit the establishment of a drug-resistant S. aureus biofilm. These antibiotic-free nano-antimicrobials also reduced the mature biofilm at a very low concentration of the active agent. In addition to the outstanding antibacterial properties, the engineered nano-entities demonstrated strong antiviral properties and inhibited the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 by up to 83%. The novel FSL NPs did not cause skin tissue irritation and did not induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines in a 3D skin tissue model. These results support the potential of these bio-based nano-actives to replace the existing antibiotics and they may be used for the development of topical pharmaceutic products for controlling microbial skin infections, without inducing resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ivanova
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (A.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Kristina Ivanova
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (A.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Luisa Fiandra
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIA, Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Milano, Italy; (L.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIA, Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Milano, Italy; (L.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Interdepartmental Microscopy Platform, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Michal Natan
- The Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Ehud Banin
- The Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Gila Jacobi
- The Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; (M.N.); (E.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (A.I.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Lalami ZA, Tafvizi F, Naseh V, Salehipour M. Characterization and optimization of co-delivery Farnesol-Gingerol Niosomal formulation to enhance anticancer activities against breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mückter E, Lozoya M, Müller A, Weissig V, Nourbakhsh M. Farnesol-Loaded Nanoliposomes Inhibit Inflammatory Gene Expression in Primary Human Skeletal Myoblasts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050701. [PMID: 35625428 PMCID: PMC9138524 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a substantial unmet need for the treatment of skeletal muscle mass loss that is associated with aging and obesity-related increases in FFA. Unsaturated FFAs stimulate the inflammatory gene expression in human skeletal myoblasts (SkMs). Farnesol is a hydrophobic acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with potential anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we created farnesol-loaded small unilamellar (SUVs) or multilamellar lipid-based vesicles (MLVs), and investigated their effects on inflammatory gene expression in primary human skeletal myoblasts. The attachment of SUVs or MLVs to SkMs was tracked using BODIPY, a fluorescent lipid dye. The data showed that farnesol-loaded SUVs reduced FFA-induced IL6 and LIF expression by 77% and 70% in SkMs, respectively. Farnesol-loaded MLVs were less potent in inhibiting FFA-induced IL6 and LIF expression. In all experiments, equal concentrations of free farnesol did not exert significant effects on SkMs. This report suggests that farnesol, if efficiently directed into myoblasts through liposomes, may curb FFA-induced inflammation in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mückter
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Lozoya
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (M.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Aline Müller
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (E.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Volkmar Weissig
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (M.L.); (V.W.)
| | - Mahtab Nourbakhsh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (E.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-85837
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de Dios-Pérez I, González-Garcinuño Á, Martín del Valle EM. An Approach to Minimize Tumour Proliferation by Reducing the Formation of Components for Cell Membrane. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092735. [PMID: 35566086 PMCID: PMC9105759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are natural compounds essential for a great number of cellular functions. One of them is farnesol (FOH), which can reduce cell proliferation, but its low solubility in aqueous solvents limits its possible clinical use as a pharmacological tool. One alternative is the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) which house hydrophobic molecules forming inclusion complexes. To assess FOH potential application in anticancer treatments, Sulfobutylated β-cyclodextrin Sodium Salt (SBE-β-CD) was selected, due to it has high solubility, approbation by the FDA, and numerous studies that ensure its safety to be administered parenterally or orally without nephrotoxicity associated. The therapeutic action of farnesol and complex were studied in different carcinoma cells, compared with a normal cell line. Farnesol showed selectivity, affecting the viability of colon and liver cancer cells more than in breast cancer cells and fibroblasts. All cells suffered apoptosis after being treated with 150 μM of free FOH, but the complex reduced their cell viability between 50 and 75%. Similar results were obtained for both types of isomers, and the addition of phosphatidylcholine reverses this effect. Finally, cell cycle analysis corroborates the action of FOH as inducer of a G0/G1 phase; when the cells were treated using the complex form, this viability was reduced, reaching 50% in the case of colon and liver, 60% in fibroblasts, and only 75% in breast cancer.
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Yilmaz Öztürk B, Feyzullazade N, Dağ İ, Şengel T. The investigation of in vitro effects of farnesol at different cancer cell lines. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2760-2775. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betül Yilmaz Öztürk
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Narmın Feyzullazade
- Institute of Science, Biotechnology and Biosafety Department Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - İlknur Dağ
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
- Vocational Health Services High School Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Tayfun Şengel
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Turkey
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Amin F, Tabassum S, Sarwar S, Qureshi R, Sohaib Khalid M, Riaz N, Al-Qahtani WH, Murtaza I. Neuroprotective Effect of Otostegia limbata Against PTZ-Induced Mice Model of Epilepsy by Attenuated Expression of p-NFκB and TNF-α. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:779681. [PMID: 35392411 PMCID: PMC8982360 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.779681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Currently available antiepileptic drugs have severe side effects and do not offer complete cure. Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to treat many neurodegenerative disorders. Otostegia limbata L. belongs to the largest and medicinally important family Lamiaceae and is distributed in hilly areas of Pakistan. This study was designed to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant potential of O. limbata. The methanolic extract showed significant antioxidant activity assessed by (1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging, and iron chelation antioxidant assays. The methanolic extract was evaluated for its anticonvulsant effect, employing the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced mice model of epilepsy. Three different doses of O. limbata (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally 30 min before PTZ [50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] injection, while diazepam was used as a positive control. The extract at 300 mg/kg significantly decreased the duration and increased the latency of the PTZ-induced seizures. The expression of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (p-TNF-α) and phosphorylated transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB), in the cortex and hippocampus of the brains of treated mice were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. The morphological changes and number of surviving neurons were recorded through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The seizure score and survival rate of the treated group showed considerable differences as compared to the PTZ group. TNF-α and p-NF-K b expression were downregulated as compared to the PTZ group. The anticonvulsant effect may be the outcome of the antioxidant potential and high levels of phenols and flavonoids detected in the methanolic plant extract through Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sobia Tabassum,
| | - Sadia Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveeda Riaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Dash MK, Joshi N, Dubey VS, Dwivedi KN, Gautam DNS. Screening of anti-cancerous potential of classical Raudra rasa and modified Raudra rasa modified with hiraka bhasma (nanodiamond) through FTIR & LC-MS analysis. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:669-682. [PMID: 35106982 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Raudra rasa is an ayurvedic medicine explicitly prescribed for the treatment of arbuda (cancer), whereas hiraka bhasma has the potential to promote cancer healing properties. Together, these two medicines provide multifunction benefits. This paper analyses the functional groups of Raudra rasa modified with hiraka bhasma and compares it with the classically prepared raudra rasa. To identify the functional group, organic ligands, and active compounds present in samples of raudra rasa (CRR) and modified raudra rasa with hiraka bhasma (MRR) contributing to cancer alleviation by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) & LC-MS analysis. METHODS Classical raudra rasa (CRR), its ingredients, shadguna kajjali (SK); decoction of Piper betel Linn. (PBD); Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (ASD); Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. (BDD); Piper longum Linn. (PLD); cow urine (GM), & similarly modified raudra rasa (MRR), its ingredients, hiraka bhasma (HB); shadguna rasasindura (SHR); water-soluble extract of Piper betel Linn. (PBE); Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (ASE); Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. (BDE); cow urine ark (GA); Piper Longum Linn. (PLE) were subjected to FTIR and LC-MS analysis. RESULTS Among all 15 samples studied, maximum numbers of peaks (21) were seen in MRR indicating a greater number of functional groups. Further, in MRR, a maximum peak in the double bond region is suggestive of its higher stability compared to CRR. Both the compound is preliminarily a mixture of the number of functional groups like; fluoro, methyl, amino, hydroxy, nitro, methylamino, carbonyl, and iodo groups, having known anti-proliferative activities. By the FT-IR analysis, the biologically active compounds in aqueous and methanol extract of CRR & MRR were identified that have anti-cancerous compounds. In the present study, a total of 40 major compounds like alkaloids, amino acid, carboxylic acid, Flavonoids, Nucleoside, Nucleotide, phenylpropanoid, Sphingosine, stilbenoid, sugar, phosphate, terpenoids, vitamin from aqueous & methanol extract of CRR & MRR were identified by LC-MS. CONCLUSIONS This research paper highlights the presence of different functional groups and bioactive compounds known to have anti-cancer activities. Thus, this review suggests future recommendations for the design and development of improved anticancer drugs with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Dash
- Department of Rasashastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Namrata Joshi
- Department of Rasashastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Vd Sushil Dubey
- Department of Kriya Sarira, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India
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Park NY, Kwak G, Doo HM, Kim HJ, Jang SY, Lee YI, Choi BO, Hong YB. Farnesol Ameliorates Demyelinating Phenotype in a Cellular and Animal Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2011-2021. [PMID: 34889893 PMCID: PMC8928981 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically heterogeneous disease affecting the peripheral nervous system that is caused by either the demyelination of Schwann cells or degeneration of the peripheral axon. Currently, there are no treatment options to improve the degeneration of peripheral nerves in CMT patients. In this research, we assessed the potency of farnesol for improving the demyelinating phenotype using an animal model of CMT type 1A. In vitro treatment with farnesol facilitated myelin gene expression and ameliorated the myelination defect caused by PMP22 overexpression, the major causative gene in CMT. In vivo administration of farnesol enhanced the peripheral neuropathic phenotype, as shown by rotarod performance in a mouse model of CMT1A. Electrophysiologically, farnesol-administered CMT1A mice exhibited increased motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential compared with control mice. The number and diameter of myelinated axons were also increased by farnesol treatment. The expression level of myelin protein zero (MPZ) was increased, while that of the demyelination marker, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), was reduced by farnesol administration. These data imply that farnesol is efficacious in ameliorating the demyelinating phenotype of CMT, and further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of farnesol’s effect on myelination might provide a potent therapeutic strategy for the demyelinating type of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Park
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Myung Doo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - So-Young Jang
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (Y.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2762 (Y.-B.H.); Fax: +82-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2971 (Y.-B.H.)
| | - Young-Bin Hong
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (Y.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2762 (Y.-B.H.); Fax: +82-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2971 (Y.-B.H.)
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Production, characterization and bio-emulsifying application of exopolysaccharides from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YMM19. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:349. [PMID: 34221819 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high molecular weight polymers having different sugar residues. EPS have potential applications in different fields, such as medicine, food and environment. Therefore, there is a growing interest in production, characterization and application of EPS from different microorganisms. The present study designed to investigate the production and characterization of EPS from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YMM19 isolated from Morus nigra L. fruits as well as to examine their potential emulsifying properties. Effect of NaCl concentration, incubation period and pH on the production of EPS was studied. The maximum EPS production by yeast was achieved at 10% NaCl (9741.84 mg/l). The best incubation time for production of EPS was 5 days. Production of EPS decreased under neutral condition and increased at acidic and alkaline condition. The structural feature of EPS was examined by FT-IR and NMR spectral analysis and confirmed the presence of glucose, glucopyranose and galactose. The isolated EPS showed higher emulsification capacity with emulsification activity of 71% and emulsifying index of 60%. The EPS gave strong emulsification for farnesol and was more effective than sodium dodecyl sulphate, a reference emulsifier, in enhancing the herbicidal activity of farnesol against Melilotus indicus under greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the EPS produced by YMM19 strain has a potential to be used as emulsifying agent in pesticide formulations.
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Sikka S, Shanmugam MK, Siveen KS, Ong TH, Yang MH, Lee JH, Rajendran P, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Alahmadi TA, Vali S, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Wang L, Hui KM, Ahn KS. Diosgenin attenuates tumor growth and metastasis in transgenic prostate cancer mouse model by negatively regulating both NF-κB/STAT3 signaling cascades. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174274. [PMID: 34146587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common disease among men especially in the old age. The deregulated activation of oncogenic and pro-survival transcription factors has been linked with tumor progression in PCa patients. The consequence of diosgenin treatment on NF-κB/STAT3 activation in PCa cells as well as transgenic mouse model was determined. We also validated the hypothesis of targeting these transcription factors using in silico proteomics simulation model. Diosgenin abrogated NF-κB/STAT3 activation and this action was caused as a result of suppression of protein kinases and reporter gene activity that led to a substantial reduction in the expression of various tumorigenic gene products. In vivo, diosgenin (2% w/w) when mixed in diet and fed to mice abrogated tumor progression in transgenic mice. Diosgenin was also detected in serum and was well absorbed orally. Overall, our data highlights the promising efficacy of diosgenin in PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sikka
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, 117599, Singapore
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Tina H Ong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 169610, Singapore
| | - Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, 169610, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Biopolis, Singapore; Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Antimicrobial, modulatory, and antibiofilm activity of tt-farnesol on bacterial and fungal strains of importance to human health. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 47:128192. [PMID: 34118413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and modulatory activities of trans-trans-farnesol (tt-farnesol). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this sesquiterpene was evaluated against 31 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and 4 species of the genus Candida. Furthermore, we examined its inhibitory action on biofilm production as well as antibiotic modulation. Only Gram-positive species presented susceptibility to tt-farnesol (MIC ranging from 8 µg/mL to 128 µg/mL). No synergistic or antagonistic effects were observed between tt-farnesol (1/4 and 1/8 of MIC) and first-choice antibiotics against multidrug resistant strains. However, the modulatory action of tt-farnesol (1/2 and 1/4 of the MIC) decreased 8 × MIC of non-inhibitory β-lactam antibiotic against a Methicillin-resistant strain. In the antibiofilm assay, tt-farnesol inhibited biofilm formation, especially in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, at concentrations ranging from 2 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Additionally, in the molecular docking study, the tt-farnesol molecule demonstrated a remarkable binding affinity with important proteins involved in the biofilm production, such as IcaA and Srt proteins. The antimicrobial action of tt-farnesol on Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae strains was evaluated for the first time, presenting an MIC of 16 µg/mL for both strains. Our findings reveal the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and modulatory potential of tt-farnesol to aid in the fight against infectious processes.
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Jerônimo LB, da Costa JS, Pinto LC, Montenegro RC, Setzer WN, Mourão RHV, da Silva JKR, Maia JGS, Figueiredo PLB. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Myrtaceae Essential Oils Rich in Terpenoids From Brazil. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21996156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work analyzed the chemical compositions and evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of essential oils (EO) of Eugenia patrisii (Epat), Eugenia stipitata (Esti), Myrcia splendens (Mspl), Myrcia sylvatica (Msyl), Psidium guajava (Pgua), and Psidium guineense (Pgui-1 and Pgui-2) from the Brazilian Amazon. Sesquiterpenoids were found in high concentrations in the oils of E. patrisii and M. splendens, which were rich in E-caryophyllene (32.0% and 45.8%); E. stipitata and M. sylvatica, which displayed germacrene D (11.8%) and germacrene B (24.5%); and P. guajava that showed epi-β-bisabolol (16.1%) as the main compound. However, P. guineense samples (Pgui-1 and Pgui-2) were rich in monoterpenoids such as limonene (Pgui-1: 30.2%; Pgui-2 30.4%) and α-pinene (Pgui-1: 22.5%; Pgui-2: 17.7%). The samples showed a weak and moderate antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay, displaying inhibition rates from 11.5% to 38.6% (at 10 mg/mL). All samples were cytotoxic against human cancer cells by the MTT method. Epat oil showed higher activity against melanoma (SKMEL-19, IC505.8 µg/mL), gastric (AGP01, IC503.2 µg/mL), and colon (HCT116, IC506.7 µg/mL). Meanwhile, the samples Pgua and Pgui were more active against breast cancer cells (MCF7, IC5012.4 µg/mL and 11.6 µg/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamile S. da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Laine C. Pinto
- Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, USA
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Joyce Kelly R. da Silva
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, UT, USA
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme S. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Sociais e Educação, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Yapıcı M, Gürsu BY, Dağ İ. In vitro antibiofilm efficacy of farnesol against Candida species. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:251-262. [PMID: 33604754 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Candida species are opportunistic fungi that can cause mucosal or invasive infections. Especially in biofilm-related infections, resistance is very high to anifungals; therefore more effective treatment strategies are needed. Farnesol(3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene-1-ol) is the quorum sensing (QS) signal molecule and can interact with Candida species both as a QS molecule and as an exogenous agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of farnesol on both the planktonic and biofilm forms of Candida species by colorimetric, microbiological, and electron microscopic methods. Obtained results demonstrated the inhibitory effect of farnesol on the planktonic and biofilm forms of Candida. Farnesol showed a biofilm-enhancing effect at lower concentrations. TEM findings showed the membrane and wall damage, vacuolization, or granulation in cells. SEM images confirmed biofilm reduction in pre-/post-biofilm applications as a result of farnesol treatment. In conclusion, farnesol can be used as an alternative agent to reduce the Candida biofilms, with future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihrinur Yapıcı
- Department of Biotechology and Biosafety, Institute of Life Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Bükay Yenice Gürsu
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - İlknur Dağ
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.,Vocational Health Services High School, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Grover M, Behl T, Sanduja M, Habibur Rahman M, Ahmadi A. Exploring the Potential of Aromatherapy as an Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer and its Complications: A Comprehensive Update. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:629-653. [PMID: 33563202 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210204201937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aromatherapy is a traditional practice of employing essential oils for the therapeutic purposes, currently headed under the category of complementary and adjuvant medicine. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review article is to summarize the potential health benefits of aromatic essential oil from traditional times till the present. It also proposed some mechanisms which can be utilized as basis for using aromatherapy in cancer and cancer linked complications. METHODS To find out the relevant and authentic data, several search engines like Science direct, Pubmed, research gate, etc. were thoroughly checked by inserting key words like aromatherapy, complementary, adjuvant therapy etc. to collect the relevant material in context of article. Also, the chemical components of essential oil were classified based on the presence of functional groups, which are further explored for their cytotoxic potential. RESULTS The result depicted the anti-cancer potential of chemical constituents of essential oil against different types of cancer. Moreover, the essential oils show promising anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-mutagenic potential in several studies, which collectively can form the basis for initiation of its anti-cancer utility. CONCLUSION Aromatherapy can serve as adjuvant economic therapy in cancer after the standardization of protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Grover
- B.S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, . India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, . India
| | | | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, . South Korea
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
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Rose Flowers-A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010127. [PMID: 33478154 PMCID: PMC7835869 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.
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Eben A, Sporer F, Vogt H, Wetterauer P, Wink M. Search for Alternative Control Strategies of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Laboratory Assays Using Volatile Natural Plant Compounds. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110811. [PMID: 33217940 PMCID: PMC7698706 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Adult flies of the invasive fruit pest, Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as spotted wing drosophila, showed susceptibility towards several natural plant products tested in bioassays under laboratory conditions. Depending on the compound tested, contact toxicity, modified food uptake, or reduction in numbers of eggs deposited and hatched was found. The natural plant substances thereby identified will be further assessed under field conditions and can be used to develop innovative pest control strategies. Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is native to southeastern Asia and invaded Europe during the past decade. It causes serious economic damage in cherries and soft fruits. Control strategies rely on few insecticides with varying success. Due to environmental concern, the use of synthetic chemicals is restricted. Therefore, research effort is put into the quest for alternative substances applicable in chemical pest control. In laboratory assays, we tested 17 volatile plant compounds from different chemical classes for their contact toxicity, feeding modification, and oviposition repellency. Toxicity through contact with treated surfaces was evaluated after 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h; effects on food uptake were observed with capillary feeding (CAFE)—tests and oviposition trials compared egg numbers laid in raspberry medium with or without treated filter paper. Cinnamon oil and its components had the highest contact toxicity with an LC90 = 2–3%, whereas lemongrass oil, its main components, and farnesol were less toxic (LC90 = 7–9%), and geraniol was the least toxic. In CAFE tests, feeding stimulation was observed through 0.1% and 1% solutions of citronellol, lemongrass oil and farnesol. Cinnamon oil, cinnamaldhyde, and ethyl cinnamate were not consumed at a concentration of 1%. In the presence of citral, eugenol, and lemongrass oil, oviposition was reduced, and in the presence of limonene, no eggs were deposited. The natural products found most efficient in either bioassay will be further tested under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Eben
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)6221-86-805-28
| | - Frank Sporer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Heidrun Vogt
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany;
| | - Pille Wetterauer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
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Wang X, He H, Liu J, Xie S, Han J. Inhibiting roles of farnesol and HOG in morphological switching of Candida albicans. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6988-7001. [PMID: 33312346 PMCID: PMC7724324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, especially in the oral cavity it involves in precancerous lesions. Numerous transcriptional regulators and hypha-specific genes involved in the morphogenesis mechanisms have been identified. Its virulence is predominantly attributed to the potentiality of morphological switching from yeast and pseudohyphae to hyphal growth. Giving attention in farnesol for prevention or intervention of its virulence sense and possible etiologic role in some uncovered premalignant diseases, in addition, to be a quorum-sensing signal molecule and relationship with HOG pathway, although its morphological switching inhibiting function has attracted high attention and got great progress in being elucidated, their exact mode of action is not completely understood. This report provides a review of characteristic aspects of farnesol signaling and HOG pathway during hyphal development. It also includes other associated pathways, molecules, and novel drug development based on the latest researches over the last decade. Furthermore, farnesol as immunomodulatory to host is an important inferring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine395 Yan’an Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine395 Yan’an Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Zhejiang HospitalHangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangfeng Xie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine395 Yan’an Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
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Souza DS, Barreto TDO, Menezes-Filho JERD, Heimfarth L, Rhana P, Rabelo TK, Santana MNS, Durço AO, Conceição MRDL, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Guimarães AG, Cruz JS, Vasconcelos CMLD. Myocardial hypertrophy is prevented by farnesol through oxidative stress and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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In Vitro Scolicidal Activity of the Sesquiterpenes Isofuranodiene, α-Bisabolol and Farnesol on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163593. [PMID: 32784679 PMCID: PMC7464821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains an important challenge both in humans and animals. There is no safe and suitable remedy for CE, so the discovery of new compounds with promising scolicidal effects, particularly from herbal sources, is of great importance for therapeutic uses in the treatment and prevention of CE reappearance. Sesquiterpenes are C15 organic compounds made up of three isoprene units and mostly occurring as fragrant components of essential oils. They are of economic importance for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, and recently attracted the attention of the scientific community for their remarkable parasiticidal properties. In the present study, we have focused on three known sesquiterpenes, isofuranodiene (IFD), α-bisabolol (BSB), and farnesol (FOH), as important phytoconstituents of the essential oils of wild celery (Smyrnium olusatrum), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), and acacia farnese (Vachellia farnesiana), respectively. Protoscoleces were recovered from fertile hydatid cysts and were exposed to different concentrations of the three tested compounds for different exposure times. The viability of protoscoleces was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Results of scolicidal activity evaluations showed that IFD possessed the best effect against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (LC50 and LC90 values of 8.87 and 25.48 µg/mL, respectively), followed by BSB (LC50 of 103.2 µg/mL) and FOH (LC50 of 113.68 µg/mL). The overall toxicity of IFD differed significantly from those of FOH and BSB, while there was no significant difference in toxicity between the latter compounds (p > 0.05). The present study showed that IFD seems to be a promising scolicidal agent and can be further tested to become a candidate for CE treatment.
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Abukhalil MH, Hussein OE, Bin-Jumah M, Saghir SAM, Germoush MO, Elgebaly HA, Mosa NM, Hamad I, Qarmush MM, Hassanein EM, Kamel EM, Hernandez-Bautista R, Mahmoud AM. Farnesol attenuates oxidative stress and liver injury and modulates fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in high cholesterol-fed rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30118-30132. [PMID: 32449150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, steatohepatitis, and progression of liver disorders. This study investigated the protective effect of farnesol (FAR), a sesquiterpene alcohol, against liver injury in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rats, and its modulatory effect on fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). HCD was supplemented for 10 weeks, and the rats were concurrently treated with FAR. Rats that received HCD exhibited significant elevation of serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL and vLDL cholesterol, CRP, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased values of the cardiovascular risk indices. Serum transaminases, ALP, LDH and CK-MB, and hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), cholesterol, and triacylglycerols were increased in HCD-fed rats. Treatment with FAR greatly ameliorated dyslipidemia and liver function, reduced inflammatory mediators, LPO, and hepatic lipid infiltration and enhanced anti-oxidant defenses. FAR suppressed hepatic FAS, ACC, and SREPB-1c mRNA abundance and FAS activity in HDC-fed rats. In addition, molecular docking simulations pinpointed the binding modes of FAR to the active pocket residues of FAS and ACC. In conclusion, FAR possesses a strong anti-hyperlipidemic/anti-hypercholesterolemic activity mediated through its ability to modulate hepatic FAS, ACC, and SREPB-1c. FAR prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver injury induced by HCD. Thus, FAR may represent a promising lipid-lowering agent that can protect against dyslipidemia and its linked metabolic deregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan A M Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Elgebaly
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermeen M Mosa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Hamad
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Bahri University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Emad M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
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Proshkina E, Plyusnin S, Babak T, Lashmanova E, Maganova F, Koval L, Platonova E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Terpenoids as Potential Geroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060529. [PMID: 32560451 PMCID: PMC7346221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites. However, unlike polyphenols, they are rarely associated with geroprotective properties. Here we evaluated the conformity of the biological effects of terpenoids with the criteria of geroprotectors, including primary criteria (lifespan-extending effects in model organisms, improvement of aging biomarkers, low toxicity, minimal adverse effects, improvement of the quality of life) and secondary criteria (evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of action, reproducibility of the effects on different models, prevention of age-associated diseases, increasing of stress-resistance). The number of substances that demonstrate the greatest compliance with both primary and secondary criteria of geroprotectors were found among different classes of terpenoids. Thus, terpenoids are an underestimated source of potential geroprotectors that can effectively influence the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sergey Plyusnin
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tatyana Babak
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Platonova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8212-312-894
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