1
|
Jin J, Chen Y, Li H, Xu Y, Wang L. Loading polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles to mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HAp) spheres for near infrared (NIR) induced doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery and colon cancer treatment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:23277-23287. [PMID: 39196348 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In response to the pressing need for more efficient and targeted cancer therapies, this study presents the development of biodegradable hydroxyapatite/polyaniline (HAp/PANI) nanocomposite drug carriers for near-infrared (NIR)-induced drug delivery. The synthesis involved loading polyaniline onto mesoporous hydroxyapatite spheres, resulting in high drug loading capacity and tunable NIR responsiveness. The HAp/PANI spheres exhibited superior photothermal properties compared to pristine HAp under NIR irradiation, along with excellent biocompatibility. Importantly, the drug release behavior could be precisely controlled by adjusting NIR power and irradiation time, leading to enhanced anticancer efficacy against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. These findings highlight the potential of HAp/PANI mesoporous spheres as promising drug carriers for NIR-responsive cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
- Dalian SEM Bioengineer and Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, P. R. China
| | - Houzhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
- Dalian SEM Bioengineer and Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian 116620, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng Y, Li H, Yan Y, Zhang M, Chang P, Mei H, Cheng L, Zhang L. A Pyrophosphate Bifunctional Cathode with Inductive Effect for High-Voltage and Self-Charging Zinc Ion Battery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301818. [PMID: 38566411 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
With the growing demand for new energy storage devices, rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost and high safety. Among the cathode materials for ZIBs, polyanionic-based cathode materials with high voltage, high stability, and low cost have great potential. In this paper, tetragonal Na2VOP2O7 was prepared using a simple sol-gel method. The discharge platform voltage amounted to 1.8 V and had good rate and cycle performance due to the inductive effect of pyrophosphate. Then, a protective layer of Zn-hydroxyapatite (ZnHAP) modification was applied to the cathode surface, which can inhibit the hydrolysis of vanadium ions. The capacity was enhanced by 19 % after modification and the capacity retention after 100 cycles was also higher. Interestingly, the Na2VOP2O7 cathode also possesses a self-charging effect, recovering to 48 % of its initial capacity with an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.1 V within a certain period, and light exposure can reduce the self-charging time by 83 %. These beneficial results indicate that the pyrophosphate bifunctional cathode with inductive effect has a great potential to construct high-voltage and multifunctional zinc ion battery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Deng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongcheng Li
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yuekai Yan
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Minggang Zhang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Mei
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Litong Zhang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawsar M, Sahadat Hossain M, Alam MK, Bahadur NM, Shaikh MAA, Ahmed S. Synthesis of pure and doped nano-calcium phosphates using different conventional methods for biomedical applications: a review. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3376-3391. [PMID: 38506117 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The applications of calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite, tetracalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate (alpha and beta), fluorapatite, di-calcium phosphate anhydrous, and amorphous calcium-phosphate) are increasing day by day. Calcium hydroxyapatite, commonly known as hydroxyapatite (HAp), represents a mineral form of calcium apatite. Owing to its close molecular resemblance to the mineral constituents of bones, teeth, and hard tissues, HAp is often employed in the biomedical domain. In addition, it is extensively employed in various sectors such as the remediation of water, air, and soil pollution. The key advantage of HAp lies in its potential to accommodate a wide variety of anionic and cationic substitutions. Nevertheless, HAp and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) syntheses typically involve the use of chemical precursors containing calcium and phosphorus sources and employ diverse techniques, such as solid-state, wet, and thermal methods or a combination of these processes. Researchers are increasingly favoring natural sources such as bio-waste (eggshells, oyster shells, animal bones, fish scales, etc.) as viable options for synthesizing HAp. Interestingly, the synthesis route significantly influences the morphology, size, and crystalline phase of calcium phosphates. In this review paper, we highlight both dry and wet methods, which include six commonly used synthesis methods (i.e. solid-state, mechano-chemical, wet-chemical precipitation, hydrolysis, sol-gel, and hydrothermal methods) coupled with the variation in source materials and their influence in modifying the structural morphology from a bulky state to nanoscale to explore the applications of multifunctional calcium phosphates in different formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Kawsar
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sahadat Hossain
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kawcher Alam
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Samina Ahmed
- Glass Research Division, Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
- BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bai X, Zhang H, Tu Y, Sun S, Li Y, Ding H, Bai M, Chang L, Zhang J. Preparation and Application of Apatite-TiO 2 Composite Opacifier: Preventing Titanium Glaze Yellowing through Pre-Combination. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1056. [PMID: 38473529 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In order to enhance the degree of binding reaction of TiO2 in titanium-containing ceramic glazes and prevent the reaction of its transformation into rutile to eliminate the yellowing phenomenon of the glaze surface, an apatite-TiO2 composite opacifier (ATO) was prepared through the mechanical grinding of hydroxyapatite and anatase TiO2. The properties, opacification mechanism, and yellowing inhibition of the prepared ceramic glazes were studied. The results show that the ATO is characterized by a uniform coating of TiO2 on the surface of the apatite and the formation of close chemical bonding between the apatite and TiO2. The ceramic glaze surface when using an ATO has a white appearance and excellent opacification performance. When an ATO was used, the L*, a*, and b* values of the glaze were 89.99, -0.85, and 3.37, respectively, which were comparable to those of a ZrSiO4 glaze (L*, a*, and b* were 88.24, -0.02, and 2.29, respectively). The opacification of the glaze was slightly lower than that of the TiO2 glaze (L* value was 92.13), but the appearance changed from yellow to the white of the TiO2 glaze (b* value was 9.18). The ceramic glaze layer when using an ATO mainly consists of titanite, glass phase, and a small amount of quartz, and the opacification mechanism is the crystallization of the generated titanite. ATOs can play an active role in solving the critical problem that arises when TiO2 replaces ZrSiO4 as an opacifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Tu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sijia Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangzi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianmeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research Co., Ltd., Shixing Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100041, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hattab M, Ben Hassen S, Spriano S, Ferraris S, Cernea M, Ben Amor Y. Ce-doped MgO films on AZ31 alloy substrate for biomedical applications: preparation, characterization and testing. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025013. [PMID: 38215484 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1dfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium ions, MgO nanoparticles and thin films, magnesium alloys and cerium compounds are materials intensively studied due to their corrosion protection, antibacterial and pharmacological properties. In this work, we have designed, prepared and investigated, novel thin films of MgO doped with cerium, deposited on Mg alloy (AZ31) for temporary implants, in order to enhance their life time. More precisely, we report on microstructure and corrosion behavior of MgO pure and doped with 0.1 at % Ce films, fabricated by sol-gel route coupled with spin-coating technique, on AZ31 alloy substrate. A modified sol-gel method that start from magnesium acetylacetonate, cerium nitrate and 2-methoxyethanol (as a stabilizer for the sol) was been used successfully for cerium doped MgO sol precursor preparation. The structure and morphology of the surface of the coatings, before and after immersion for 7-30 d in Hank's solution at 37 °C, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier infrared transmittance spectrum (FT-IR). A comparison between the corrosion protection of undoped MgO and MgO doped with 0.1 at % Ce coatings on the AZ31 alloy substrate is performed by electrochemical tests and immersion tests using open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in Hank's solution, at 37 °C. The electrochemical results showed that the protection of the AZ31 alloy substrate against corrosion was better with the doped with 0.1 at % Ce MgO film deposited than with pure MgO coting. The investigations of the films after immersion in Hank's solution, at 37 °C, for 7, 21 and 30 d indicated that the grown layer on the film is bone like apatite that suggests a good bioactivity of 0.1 at % Ce-doped MgO coating. Our work demonstrates that the performance corrosion protection of the biodegradable magnesium alloys used for orthopedic applications, in simulated physiological environments (Hank and Ringer) can be enhanced through coating with Ce3+doped MgO sol-gel thin film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hattab
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Carthage University, BP.1003 Hammam-Lif, 2050 Ben Arous, Tunisia
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Belvedere, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Hassen
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Carthage University, BP.1003 Hammam-Lif, 2050 Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Silvia Spriano
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Sara Ferraris
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Marin Cernea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Yasser Ben Amor
- Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Carthage University, BP.1003 Hammam-Lif, 2050 Ben Arous, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Centre of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE) Technopark of Borj Cedria PB 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nicoara AI, Voineagu TG, Alecu AE, Vasile BS, Maior I, Cojocaru A, Trusca R, Popescu RC. Fabrication and Characterisation of Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate Enhanced with Zn- or B-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Hard Tissue Restoration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2219. [PMID: 37570539 PMCID: PMC10421315 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A composite based on calcium sulphate hemihydrate enhanced with Zn- or B-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was fabricated and evaluated for bone graft applications. The investigations of their structural and morphological properties were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques. To study the bioactive properties of the obtained composites, soaking tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed. The results showed that the addition of 2% Zn results in an increase of 2.27% in crystallinity, while the addition of boron causes an increase of 5.61% compared to the undoped HAp sample. The crystallite size was found to be 10.69 ± 1.59 nm for HAp@B, and in the case of HAp@Zn, the size reaches 16.63 ± 1.83 nm, compared to HAp, whose crystallite size value was 19.44 ± 3.13 nm. The mechanical resistance of the samples doped with zinc was the highest and decreased by about 6% after immersion in SBF. Mixing HAp nanoparticles with gypsum improved cell viability compared to HAp for all concentrations (except for 200 µg/mL). Cell density decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration, compared to gypsum, where the cell density was not significantly affected. The degree of cellular differentiation of osteoblast-type cells was more accentuated in the case of samples treated with G+HAp@B nanoparticles compared to HAp@B. Cell viability in these samples decreased inversely proportionally to the concentration of administered nanoparticles. From the point of view of cell density, this confirmed the quantitative data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ionut Nicoara
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (A.E.A.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- National R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals–IMNR, 077145 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor Gabriel Voineagu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (T.G.V.); (R.C.P.)
| | - Andrada Elena Alecu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (A.E.A.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, Products and Processes, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Maior
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (A.E.A.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Anca Cojocaru
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (A.E.A.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Roxana Trusca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (A.E.A.); (I.M.); (R.T.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Roxana Cristina Popescu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (T.G.V.); (R.C.P.)
- National R&D Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering-Horia Hulubei, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Predoi D, Ciobanu CS, Iconaru SL, Raaen S, Rokosz K. Biocomposite Coatings Doped with Magnesium and Zinc Ions in Chitosan Matrix for Antimicrobial Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4412. [PMID: 37374594 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium and zinc in chitosan matrix biocomposites have great potential for applications in space technology, aerospace, as well as in the biomedical field, as a result of coatings with multifunctional properties that meet the increased requirements for wide applications. In this study, coatings on titanium substrates were developed using hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium and zinc ions in a chitosan matrix (MgZnHAp_Ch). Valuable information concerning the surface morphology and chemical composition of MgZnHAp_Ch composite layers were obtained from studies that performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), metallographic microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The wettability of the novel coatings, based on magnesium and zinc-doped biocomposites in a chitosan matrix on a titanium substrate, was evaluated by performing water contact angle studies. Furthermore, the swelling properties, together with the coating's adherence to the titanium substrate, were also analyzed. The AFM results emphasized that the composite layers exhibited the surface topography of a uniform layer, and that there were no evident cracks and fissures present on the investigated surface. Moreover, antifungal studies concerning the MgZnHAp_Ch coatings were also carried out. The data obtained from quantitative antifungal assays highlight the strong inhibitory effects of MgZnHAp_Ch against C. albicans. Additionally, our results underline that after 72 h of exposure, the MgZnHAp_Ch coatings display fungicidal features. Thus, the obtained results suggest that the MgZnHAp_Ch coatings possess the requisite properties that make them suitable for use in the development of new coatings with enhanced antifungal features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Predoi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Carmen Steluta Ciobanu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Simona Liliana Iconaru
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Steinar Raaen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget E3-124 Høgskoleringen 5, NO 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Rokosz
- Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, Koszalin University of Technology, Śniadeckich 2, PL 75-453 Koszalin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kalbarczyk M, Szcześ A, Belcarz A, Kazimierczak P, May Z. Zn-doped Mono- and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Materials Derived from Agriculture Waste and Their Potential Biomedical Applications: Part I. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1971. [PMID: 36903085 PMCID: PMC10003787 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, calcium phosphate materials were obtained via a simple, eco-friendly wet synthesis method using hen eggshells as a calcium source. It was shown that Zn ions were successfully incorporated into hydroxyapatite (HA). The obtained ceramic composition depends on the zinc content. When doped with 10 mol % of Zn, in addition to HA and Zn-doped HA, DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) appeared and its content increased with the increase in Zn concentration. All doped HA materials exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Nevertheless, fabricated samples significantly decreased preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4) viability in vitro, exerting a cytotoxic effect which probably resulted from their high ionic reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kalbarczyk
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szcześ
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Belcarz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Kazimierczak
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zoltan May
- Plasma Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Injorhor P, Trongsatitkul T, Wittayakun J, Ruksakulpiwat C, Ruksakulpiwat Y. Nano-Hydroxyapatite from White Seabass Scales as a Bio-Filler in Polylactic Acid Biocomposite: Preparation and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194158. [PMID: 36236110 PMCID: PMC9571318 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) as a bio-filler used in PLA composites was prepared from fish by acid deproteinization (1DP) and a combination of acid-alkali deproteinization (2DP) followed by alkali heat treatment. Moreover, the PLA/nHAp composite films were developed using solution casting method. The mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA composite films with nHAp from different steps deproteinization and contents were compared. The physical properties analysis confirmed that the nHAp can be prepared from fish scales using both steps deproteinization. 1DP-nHAp showed higher surface area and lower crystallinity than 2DP-nHAp. This gave advantage of 1DP-nHAp for use as filler. PLA composite with 1DP-nHAp gave tensile strength of 66.41 ± 3.63 MPa and Young’s modulus of 2.65 ± 0.05 GPa which were higher than 2DP-nHAp at the same content. The addition of 5 phr 1DP-nHAp into PLA significantly improved the tensile strength and Young’s modulus. PLA composite solution with 1DP-nHAp at 5 phr showed electrospinnability by giving continuous fibers without beads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Injorhor
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Tatiya Trongsatitkul
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Wittayakun
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (Y.R.); Tel.: +66-44-22-4430 (C.R.); +66-44-22-3033 (Y.R.)
| | - Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (Y.R.); Tel.: +66-44-22-4430 (C.R.); +66-44-22-3033 (Y.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Improvement of medical applicability of hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposites via additional yttrium oxide nanoparticles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Polydopamine constructed interfacial molecular bridge in nano-hydroxylapatite/polycaprolactone composite scaffold. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112668. [PMID: 35810612 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-hydroxylapatite (nano-HAP)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composite scaffold is proved to possess great potential for bone tissue engineering application since the biocompatibility of PCL and the osteoinduction ability of nano-HAP. However, the interfacial bonding between nano-HAP and PCL is weak by reason of the difference in thermodynamic properties. Herein, nano-HAP was modified by polydopamine (PDA) and then added to the PCL matrix to enhance their interface bonding in bone scaffold manufactured by selective laser sintering (SLS). The results indicated that PDA acted as an interfacial molecular bridge between PCL and nano-HAP. On one hand, the amino groups of PDA formed hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl groups of nano-HAP, and on the other hand, the catechol groups of PDA formed hydrogen bonding with the ester groups of PCL. Compared with the HAP/PCL scaffolds, the tensile and compressive strength of the P-HAP/PCL scaffolds loading 12 wt% P-HAP were increased by 10% and 16%, respectively. Meanwhile, the scaffold possessed great bioactivity and cytocompatibility that could accelerate the formation of apatite layers and promote the cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
|
12
|
The Relationship between Osteoinduction and Vascularization: Comparing the Ectopic Bone Formation of Five Different Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103440. [PMID: 35629467 PMCID: PMC9146137 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the bone induction of five kinds of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) biomaterials implanted in mice and explore the vascularization and particle-size-related osteoinductive mechanism. Methods: The following five kinds of Ca-P biomaterials including hydroxyapatite (HA) and/or tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were implanted in the muscle of 30 BALB/c mice (n = 6): 20 nm HA (20HA), 60 nm HA (60HA), 12 µm HA (12HA), 100 nm TCP (100TCP) and 12 µm HA + 100 nm TCP (HATCP). Then, all animals were put on a treadmill to run 30 min at a 6 m/h speed each day. Five and ten weeks later, three mice of each group were killed, and the samples were harvested to assess the osteoinductive effects by hematoxylin eosin (HE), Masson’s trichrome and safranine−fast green stainings, and the immunohistochemistry of the angiogenesis and osteogenesis markers CD31 and type I collagen (ColI). Results: The numbers of blood vessels were 139 ± 29, 118 ± 25, 78 ± 15, 65 ± 14 in groups HATCP, 100TCP, 60HA and 20HA, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of group 12HA (12 ± 5) in week 5 (p < 0.05). The area percentages of new bone tissue were (7.33 ± 1.26)% and (8.49 ± 1.38)% in groups 100TCP and HATCP, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in groups 20HA (3.27 ± 0.38)% and 60HA (3.43 ± 0.27)% (p < 0.05); however, no bone tissue was found in group 12HA 10 weeks after transplantation. The expression of CD31 was positive in new blood vessels, and the expression of ColI was positive in new bone tissue. Conclusions: Nanoscale Ca-P biomaterials could induce osteogenesis in mice muscle, and the osteoinductive effects of TCP were about 124% higher than those of 20HA and 114% higher than those of 60HA. The particle size of the biomaterials affected angiogenesis and osteogenesis. There was a positive correlation between the number of blood vessels and the area percentage of new bone tissue; therefore, osteoinduction is closely related to vascularization. Our results provide an experimental basis for the synthesis of calcium−phosphorus matrix composites and for further exploration of the osteoinductive mechanism.
Collapse
|
13
|
Compositional Adjusting and Antibacterial Improvement of Hydroxyapatite/Nb2O5/Graphene Oxide for Medical Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
14
|
Optimizing the mechanical and surface topography of hydroxyapatite/Gd2O3/Graphene oxide nanocomposites for medical applications. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
15
|
Improvement of the reactivity of triethyl phosphate and structural behavior of hydroxyapatite versus the synthesis conditions by sol–gel route. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Shokri M, Kharaziha M, Tafti HA, Eslaminejad MB, Aghdam RM. Synergic role of zinc and gallium doping in hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to improve osteogenesis and antibacterial activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 134:112684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
17
|
Hassan M, Sulaiman M, Yuvaraju PD, Galiwango E, Rehman IU, Al-Marzouqi AH, Khaleel A, Mohsin S. Biomimetic PLGA/Strontium-Zinc Nano Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010013. [PMID: 35225976 PMCID: PMC8883951 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic bone graft substitutes have attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering. This study aimed to fabricate a novel, bioactive, porous scaffold that can be used as a bone substitute. Strontium and zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Sr/Zn n-HAp) were synthesized by a water-based sol-gel technique. Sr/Zn n-HAp and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were used to fabricate composite scaffolds by supercritical carbon dioxide technique. FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and TGA were used to characterize Sr/Zn n-HAp and the composite scaffolds. The synthesized scaffolds were adequately porous with an average pore size range between 189 to 406 µm. The scaffolds demonstrated bioactive behavior by forming crystals when immersed in the simulated body fluid. The scaffolds after immersing in Tris/HCl buffer increased the pH value of the medium, establishing their favorable biodegradable behavior. ICP-MS study for the scaffolds detected the presence of Sr, Ca, and Zn ions in the SBF within the first week, which would augment osseointegration if implanted in the body. nHAp and their composites (PLGA-nHAp) showed ultimate compressive strength ranging between 0.4–19.8 MPa. A 2.5% Sr/Zn substituted nHAp-PLGA composite showed a compressive behavior resembling that of cancellous bone indicating it as a good candidate for cancellous bone substitute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozan Hassan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohsin Sulaiman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Priya Dharshini Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Emmanuel Galiwango
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (E.G.); (A.H.A.-M.)
- Energy Systems and Nuclear Science Faculty, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 8C4, Canada
| | - Ihtesham ur Rehman
- Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Gillow Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| | - Ali H. Al-Marzouqi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (E.G.); (A.H.A.-M.)
| | - Abbas Khaleel
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Sahar Mohsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-7516
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Optimizing Graphene Oxide Encapsulated TiO2 and Hydroxyapatite; Structure and Biological Response. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Ahmed S. Alsenany N, Mansour SF, S. Ahmed S. Controlled compositions of tellurium/vanadium co-doped into hydroxyapatite/-polycaprolactone for wound healing applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was co-doped with tellurium and vanadium ions via the co-precipitation method. Pure HAP nanoparticles were embedded through polymeric materials, such as polycaprolactone (PCL) to improve and upgrade its...
Collapse
|
20
|
El-Naggar ME, Abu Ali OA, Saleh DI, Abu-Saied MA, Ahmed MK, Abdel-Fattah E, Mansour SF. Microstructure, morphology and physicochemical properties of nanocomposites containing hydroxyapatite/vivianite/graphene oxide for biomedical applications. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 37:290-301. [PMID: 34837471 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Designing a nanocomposite that accumulates biocompatibility and antimicrobial behaviour is an essential requirement for biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HAP), graphene oxide, and vivianite in one ternary nanocomposite with three phases and shapes led to an increase in cell viability to 97.6% ± 4 for the osteoblast cells in vitro. The obtained nanocomposites were investigated for their structural features using X-ray diffraction, while the microstructure features were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope. The analysis showed a decrease in the crystal size to 13 nm, while the HAP grains reached 30 nm. The elongated shape of vivianite reached 200 nm on SEM micrographs. The monoclinic and hexagonal crystal systems of HAP and vivianite were presented in the ternary nanocomposite. The maximum roughness peak height reached 236.1 nm for the ternary nanocomposite from 203.3 nm, while the maximum height of the roughness parameter reached 440.7 nm for the di-nanocomposite of HAP/graphene oxide from 419.7 nm. The corrosion current density reached 0.004 μA/cm2 . The ferrous (Fe2+ ) and calcium (Ca2+ ) ions released were measured and confirmed. Therefore, the morphology of the nanocomposites affected bacterial activity. This was estimated as an inhibition zone and reached 14.5 ± 0.9 and 13.4 ± 1.1 mm for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after 24 h. The increase in viability and the antibacterial activity refer to the compatibility of the nanocomposite in different medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola A Abu Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia I Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Abu-Saied
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M K Ahmed
- Faculty of nanotechnology for postgraduate studies, Cairo University, El-Sheikh Zayed, Egypt
| | - E Abdel-Fattah
- Physics Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. 173, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - S F Mansour
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Naggar ME, Abu Ali OA, Abu-Saied MA, Ahmed MK, Abdel-Fattah E, Saleh DI. Tailoring combinations of hydroxyapatite/cadmium selenite/graphene oxide based on their structure, morphology, and antibacterial activity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
Wang Y, Yao Y, Thirumurugan M, Prabakaran S, Rajan M, Wang K. Natural Drug-Loaded Bimetal-Substituted Hydroxyapatite-Polymeric Composite for Osteosarcoma-Affected Bone Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731887. [PMID: 34616738 PMCID: PMC8488211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repairing segmental bone deformities after resection of dangerous bone tumors is a long-standing clinical issue. The study's main objective is to synthesize a natural bioactive compound-loaded bimetal-substituted hydroxyapatite (BM-HA)-based composite for bone regeneration. The bimetal (copper and cadmium)-substituted HAs were prepared by the sol-gel method and reinforced with biocompatible polyacrylamide (BM-HA/PAA). Umbelliferone (UMB) drug was added to the BM-HA/PAA composite to enhance anticancer activity further. The composite's formation was confirmed by various physicochemical investigations, such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, and HR-TEM techniques. The bioactivity was assessed by immersing the sample in simulated body fluid for 1, 3, and 7 days. The zeta potential values of BM-HA/PAA and BM-HA/PAA/UMB are -36.4 mV and -49.4 mV, respectively. The in vitro viability of the prepared composites was examined in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It shows the ability of the composite to produce osteogenic bone regeneration without any adverse effects. From the gene expression and PCR results, the final UMB-loaded composite induced osteogenic markers, such as Runx, OCN, and VEFG. The prepared bimetal substituted polyacrylamide reinforced HA composite loaded with UMB drug has the ability for bone repair/regenerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Daxing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongfeng Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Daxing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Muthupandi Thirumurugan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Selvakani Prabakaran
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Basha SI, Aziz MA, Maslehuddin M, Ahmad S. Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Anticorrosion Performance of Submicron/Nanocarbon from Jute Sticks. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3914-3930. [PMID: 34529339 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Jute stick, one of the most commonly and abundantly available agricultural waste product, was converted to a value-added submicron/nano jute carbon by using pyrolysis and high-energy ball milling techniques. The submicron/nano jute carbon was characterized using FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The anticorrosive performance of the submicron/nano jute carbon was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and salt spray techniques, on mild steel plates coated with a mixture of epoxy resin and the submicron/nano jute carbon. The electrochemical impedance of the steel coated with the composite coating was two orders of magnitudes higher than that of the specimen coated with neat epoxy. Consequently, the corrosion rate of specimens coated with composite coating was 13-20 times higher than that of steel coated with neat epoxy coating. The salt spray results also indicate an improvement in the corrosion resistance performance of the composite coating compared to the neat epoxy. The uniform distribution of the submicron/nano jute carbon particles in the epoxy resin improved the denseness of the composite coating by acting as a barrier against the diffusion of chloride, moisture, and oxygen, thus, improving the corrosion resistance of the developed coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Inayath Basha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Maslehuddin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsad Ahmad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xin Y, Shirai T. Noble-metal-free hydroxyapatite activated by facile mechanochemical treatment towards highly-efficient catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compound. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7512. [PMID: 33820932 PMCID: PMC8021587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling of volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted from industrial processes as most abundant and harmful air pollutant, has become one of the most important global environmental issues due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization. As an alternative and new type catalyst instead of conventional noble-metal nanoparticles widely utilized in oxidative decomposition of VOC, here we report the superior catalytic performance with 100% CO2/CO conversion on hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) with structurally well-controlled active surface tailored via facile one-step mechanochemical treatment in ambient air. With detailed characterizations of particle morphology, crystallinity and chemical structure with respects to surface defect/oxygen vacancy formation, acidity/basicity and VOC affinity on HAps activated through different mechanical stresses when altered ball size is utilized in planetary ball-milling assisted mechanochemical process, it was found that the predominant defect/oxygen vacancy generation in PO43- site and enhanced basic site population established by selective mechanochemical activation of c-plane, facilitates the favorable catalytic oxidation route towards highly-efficient CO2/CO conversion of VOC. Regards to the cost-effectiveness and non-toxic nature of HAp, incorporated with the sustainable mechanochemical surface structure tuning process, the results presented in this work opens new strategy in development of novel noble-metal-free catalyst for VOC elimination and environmental cleaning techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Xin
- Advanced Ceramics Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirai
- Advanced Ceramics Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan. .,Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim D, Shim YS, An SY, Lee MJ. Role of Zinc-Doped Bioactive Glass Encapsulated with Microspherical Gelatin in Localized Supplementation for Tissue Regeneration: A Contemporary Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071823. [PMID: 33804968 PMCID: PMC8038022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin, a natural polymer, provides excellent tissue compatibility for use in tissue rehabilitation. Bioactive glasses (BAG) offer superior capacity in stimulating a bioactive response but show high variability in uptake and solubility. To tackle these drawbacks, a combination of gelatin with BAG is proposed to form composites, which then offer a synergistic response. The cross-linked gelatin structure's mechanical properties are enhanced by the incorporation of the inorganic BAG, and the rate of BAG ionic supplementation responsible for bioactivity and regenerative potential is better controlled by a protective gelatin layer. Several studies have demonstrated the cellular benefits of these composites in different forms of functional modification such as doping with zinc or incorporation of zinc such as ions directly into the BAG matrix. This review presents a comprehensive perspective on the individual characteristics of BAG and gelatin, including the synthesis and mechanism of action. Further, adaptation of the composite into various applications for bone tissue engineering is discussed and future challenges are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dokyeong Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Youn-Soo Shim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea;
| | - So-Youn An
- Department of Pediatric Dentristry & Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan-si 5453, Korea;
| | - Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 31065, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-2491
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
It is known that iron is found as a trace element in bone tissue, the main inorganic constituent of which is hydroxyapatite. Therefore, iron-doped hydroxyapatite (HApFe) materials could be new alternatives for many biomedical applications. A facile dip coating process was used to elaborate the iron-doped hydroxyapatite (HApFe) nanocomposite coatings. The HApFe suspension used to prepare the coatings was achieved using a co-precipitation method, which was adapted in the laboratory. The quality of the HApFe suspension was assessed through dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultrasonic measurements, and zeta potential values. The hydroxyapatite XRD patterns were observed in the HApFe nanocomposite with no significant shifting of peak positions, thus suggesting that the incorporation of iron did not significantly modify the hydroxyapatite structure. The morphology of the HApFe nanoparticles was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in order to investigate the morphologies of HApFe particles and coatings, while their chemical compositions were assessed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM results suggested that the HApFe consists mainly of spherical nanometric particles and that the surfaces of the coatings are continuous and homogeneous. Additionally, the EDS spectra highlighted the purity of the samples and confirmed the presence of calcium, phosphorous, and iron in the analyzed sample. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the HApFe suspensions and coatings was evidenced using osteoblast cells. The MTT assay showed that both the HApFe suspensions and coatings exhibited biocompatible properties.
Collapse
|
27
|
Türk S, Altınsoy I, Efe GÇ, Ipek M, Özacar M, Bindal C. A novel multifunctional NCQDs-based injectable self-crosslinking and in situ forming hydrogel as an innovative stimuli responsive smart drug delivery system for cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111829. [PMID: 33579469 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we offer an easy approach to develop a novel injectable, pH sensitive and in situ smart drug delivery system for use in cancer treatments. The developed hydrogels containing nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (NCQD), doxorubicin (Dox) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were obtained by in situ self-crosslinking. Characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials, interactions between NCQD/Dox/HA hydrogel structure were carried out by TEM, FESEM, EDS, FTIR, XPS, XRD, Zeta potential, DLS, UV-Vis, SEM, gelation time, injectability and DIST measurements. In addition, antibacterial evaluation which was performed against Staphylococcus aureus realized that HA compound significantly increased the antibacterial activity of the hybrid hydrogel. The anticancer drug release to the tumor cell microenvironment with a pH of 5.5 was found to be higher compared to the release in the normal physiological range of pH 6.5 and 7.4. MTT and live/dead assays were also performed using L929 fibroblastic cell lines to investigate the cytotoxic behavior of NCQDs, and NCQDs/Dox/HA hydrogels. Furthermore, the NCQDs/Dox/HA hydrogel could transport Dox within a MCF-7 cancerous cell at specifically acidic pH. Additionally, imaging of cell line was observed using NCQDs and their use in imaging applications and multicolor features in the living cell system were evaluated. The overall study showed that in situ formed NCQDs/Dox/HA hydrogel represented a novel and multifunctional smart injectable controlled-release drug delivery system with great potential, which may be considered as an attractive minimal invasive smart material for future intelligent delivery of chemotherapeutic drug and disease therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Türk
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semi Conductive Materials Research Center (BIMAS-RC), Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications and Sustainably Research & Development Group (BIOEℕAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - I Altınsoy
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - G Çelebi Efe
- Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - M Ipek
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - M Özacar
- Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications and Sustainably Research & Development Group (BIOEℕAMS R&D Group), 54187, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Science & Arts Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya 54187, Turkey
| | - C Bindal
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Esentepe Campus, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Lima CO, de Oliveira ALM, Chantelle L, Silva Filho EC, Jaber M, Fonseca MG. Zn-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatites and their antimicrobial properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 198:111471. [PMID: 33257159 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, zinc-based materials have gained immense attention as antimicrobial agents. In this study, zinc-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatites (HAps) with various Zn contents were prepared by co-precipitation using a phosphoprotein as the porous template. The use of the phosphoprotein as the porous template resulted in the formation of zinc-doped mesoporous HAps (mHAps) with large pores and specific surface area (182 m2 g-1), as indicated by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. The formation of the zinc-doped HAps was confirmed by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The biomaterials prepared in this study were used as antimicrobial agents against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The Zn2%-mHAp sample showed the maximum bacterial inhibitory concentrations of 50 ± 5% and 77 ± 5% for the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the mHAp samples depended strongly on their Zn2+ content. Thus, the use of a biotemplate and Zn2+ ions is an efficient approach for the formation of novel HAp-based biomaterials with promising antibacterial properties. This synthesis approach will pave a new pathway for the functionalization of other materials for different biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cleibson Oliveira de Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - André L Menezes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Laís Chantelle
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Edson C Silva Filho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials-LIMAV, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, 64049- 11 550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Maguy Jaber
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), CNRS UMR 8220, UPMC - Tour 23, 3ème étage, couloir 23-33, BP 225, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maria Gardênia Fonseca
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão LACOM, 58051-085, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Effect of curcumin sorbed selenite substituted hydroxyapatite on osteosarcoma cells: An in vitro study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Chopra V, Thomas J, Sharma A, Panwar V, Kaushik S, Sharma S, Porwal K, Kulkarni C, Rajput S, Singh H, Jagavelu K, Chattopadhyay N, Ghosh D. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Zinc Eluting rGO/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Optimized for Bone Augmentation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6710-6725. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vianni Chopra
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10., Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Jijo Thomas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10., Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10., Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Vineeta Panwar
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10., Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Kaushik
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10., Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Researchs, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Researchs, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Researchs, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Researchs, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Himalaya Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Researchs, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10., Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fabrication of Silver- and Zinc-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Enhancing Antimicrobial Effect. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10090905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study develops, for the first time, composite coatings based on silver and zinc doped hydroxyapatite in chitosan matrix (AgZnHApCs). The AgZnHApCs composite coatings were prepared by dip coating method. The hydroxyapatite (HAp), biocompatible material for regenerating and strengthening damaged bones were doped with silver and zinc ions and coated with chitosan in order to produce a uniform and homogenous coating with biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. The stability of AgZnHApCs suspensions was evaluated by ultrasound measurements. The value of stability parameters of AgZnHApCs suspension is in good agreement with the value of bidistilled water used as reference fluid. Homogeneously dispersed solutions of AgZnHApCs were synthesized to endeavor to optimize the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the coatings obtained at room temperature. The AgZnHApCs composite suspension and coatings were analyzed using various investigation techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenylte-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay and antimicrobial studies. The optical spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), metallographic examination and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on AgZnHApCs composite coatings were also conducted. Cell culture and MTT assays demonstrate that AgZnHApCs composite suspension and coatings have no negative effect on the cell viability and proliferation. The cell morphology was not affected in presence of AgZnHApCs composite suspension and coatings. The antimicrobial assays conducted against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 90029 microbial strains revealed that both the AgZnHApCs composite suspension and coatings exhibited great antimicrobial properties.
Collapse
|
32
|
Clément S, Mehdi A. Sol-Gel Chemistry: From Molecule to Functional Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112538. [PMID: 32486041 PMCID: PMC7321306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
33
|
Abstract
In this study, ZnHAp layers deposited on a Si substrate were obtained by a sol–gel spin-coating procedure. The ZnHAp solutions used to obtain the ZnHAp coatings were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, ζ-potential, ultrasound measurements, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The average measured hydrodynamic diameter from the DLS analysis, ζ-potential, and ultrasound measurements were analyzed so as to characterize and estimate the stability of the ZnHAp nanoparticles. The AAS results confirmed the presence of zinc in the gels used in the preparation of the ZnHAp layers. The layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results revealed the diffraction peaks of the hexagonal hydroxyapatite in all of the investigated samples. The morphology of the ZnHAp coatings annealed at 500 °C (ZnHAp-500) and 700 °C (ZnHAp-700), which evidenced that no fissures or cracks formed on the surface of the coatings. The biocompatibility assays indicated that the ZnHAp coatings did not present any toxicity towards the HeLa cells. Furthermore, the study regarding the cytotoxicity of the ZnHAp layers against microorganisms emphasized that ZnHAp coatings exhibited an inhibitory effect towards S. aureus bacterial cells and also towards C. albicans fungal cells.
Collapse
|