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Zhang J, Wu Y, Wang C, Xu W, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Guan X, Wang X. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity effect of ethyl acetate extract from the flowers of Syringa pubescens Turcz. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117561. [PMID: 38072290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syringa Pubescens Turcz. (SP), a member of the Oleaceae family, is a species of plant known as Syringa. Flowers, as the medicinal part, are commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis and tonsillitis. AIM OF THE STUDY The research was the first to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of different parts of SP flowers (SPF) in vitro. The most promising fraction was ethyl acetate fraction of SP flower (SPFEA). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of SPFEA were further studied, and the chemical components were identified. METHODS HPLC was used to identify the major components in various fraction of SPF. DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging assays as well as FRAP test and β-carotene bleaching test were employed to assess the antioxidant potential of SPF fraction in vitro. The inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and heat-induced protein denaturation test were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of SPF fraction. Further analysis of the biological activity of SPFEA was performed. Acute toxicity test was conducted to assess the toxicity of SPFEA. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by utilizing xylene induced ear edema model, carrageenan-induced foot edema model and peritonitis model in vivo. The analgesic effect of SPFEA was evaluated using hot plate test, tail immersion test, formaldehyde test as well as acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing pain experiment in vivo. In carrageenan induced foot edema model, ELISA kits were employed to measure levels of inflammation factors (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, IL-1β) in foot tissue as well as MDA, CAT, SOD, GSH-PX levels in liver tissue. RESULTS HPLC results showed that there were significant differences in bioactive substances among different fractions of SPF, and SPFEA was rich in bioacitve components. Compared with other fractions of SPF, SPFEA exhibited better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. The 3000 mg/kg SPFEA group in mice had no obvious side effects. The xylene-induced ear edema model, carrageenan-induced foot edema and peritonitis models demonstrated that the SPFEA had significant anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, inflammation factors including NO, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, IL-1β were significantly reduced in SPFEA groups in foot tissue induced by carrageenan. Additionally, SPFEA effectively decreased liver tissue oxidative stress levels (MDA, SOD, GSH-PX and CAT). The bioactivities of SPFEA demonstrated a clear dose-dependent relationship. The results of the hot plate test, tail immersion test, formaldehyde test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing pain experiments indicated the SPFEA possessed an excellent analgesic effect, and this effect was in dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The study provides a scientific foundation for understanding the pharmacological action of SPFEA. It has been indicated that SPFEA has excellent antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China.
| | - Chenyu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China
| | - Suya Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinyi Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, China.
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Chen Y, Lin W, Zhong L, Fang Z, Ye B, Wang Z, Chattipakorn N, Huang W, Liang G, Wu G. Bicyclol Attenuates Obesity-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1131-1141. [PMID: 35750941 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Schisandra is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine in East Asia. As a traditional Chinese medicine derivative with Schisandra chinensis as raw material, bicyclol is well known for its significant anti-inflammatory effect. Chronic inflammation plays a significant part in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. Our purpose was to explore the effect and mechanism of bicyclol on obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. METHODS Mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and cardiomyocytes stimulated by palmitic acid (PA) were used as models of obesity-related cardiomyopathy in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The therapeutic effect of bicyclol on pathological changes such as myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis was evaluated by staining cardiac tissue sections. PCR was used to detect inflammatory factors in H9c2 cells and animal heart tissue after bicyclol treatment. Then, we used western blotting to detect the expression levels of the myocardial hypertrophy related protein, myocardial fibrosis related protein, NF-κB and MAPK pathways. RESULTS Our results indicated that bicyclol treatment significantly alleviates HFD-induced myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Similar to animal level results, bicyclol could significantly inhibit PA-induced inflammation and prevent NF-κB and MAPK pathways from being activated. CONCLUSION Our results showed that bicyclol has potential as a drug to treat obesity-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wante Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zimin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, 311399, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
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Yan LS, Cheng BCY, Wang YW, Zhang SF, Qiu XY, Kang JY, Zhang C, Jia ZH, Luo G, Zhang Y. Xuelian injection ameliorates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced acute arthritis in rats via inhibiting TLR4 signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21635. [PMID: 38027703 PMCID: PMC10658240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Xuelian injection (XI), a classic preparation extracted from Saussureae Involucratae Herba, has been clinically used to manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for nearly twenty years in China. However, the underlying anti-RA mechanism of XI remains unclear. In this study, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced acute arthritic model was used to examine the anti-RA effects of XI in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of this action were further investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods XI and XI freeze dried powder were characterized by UPLC analysis. CD68 and TLR4 expression in the ankle joints was measured by immunohistochemistry. The secretion of inflammatory mediators was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of TLR4 involved components were measured by Western blotting. The localization of transcription factors was measured by immunofluorescence assay. Results XI treatment ameliorated arthritic symptoms induced by CFA in the ankle joints of rats. The serum levels of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, MCP-1, and Rantes were decreased by XI treatment. The elevation of CD68 and TLR4 levels in ankle joints caused by CFA was suppressed by XI treatment. Moreover, XI treatment inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. The expression of their enzymes iNOS and COX-2 was also decreased after XI treatment. The production of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and Rantes was reduced by XI treatment in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK, TBK1, IKKα/β, IκB, p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 was reduced after XI treatment. Additionally, the expression levels of nuclear proteins of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 were inhibited by XI treatment. Conclusions Taken together, XI possesses potential anti-RA effect and the underlying mechanism may be closely associated with the inhibition of TLR4 signaling. Our findings provide further pharmacological justifications for the clinical use of XI in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | | | - Yi-Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhan-Hong Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Liu SQ, Yang YP, Hussain N, Jian YQ, Li B, Qiu YX, Yu HH, Wang HZ, Wang W. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the family Schisandraceae: A review of phytochemistry, structure-activity relationship, and hepatoprotective effects. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106872. [PMID: 37516152 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury is a common pathological process characterized by massive degeneration and abnormal death of liver cells. With increase in dead cells and necrosis, liver injury eventually leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic fibrosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Consequently, it is necessary to treat liver injury and to prevent its progression. The drug Bicylol is widely employed in China to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and has therapeutic potential for liver injury. It is the derivative of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans extracted from Schisandra chinensis (SC). The Schisandraceae family is a rich source of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, which possesses potential liver protective activity. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the phytochemistry, structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms underlying the liver protective activities of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the Schisandraceae family. Here, we had discussed the analysis of absorption or permeation properties of 358 compounds based on Lipinski's rule of five. So far, 358 dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans have been reported, with 37 of them exhibited hepatoprotective effects. The molecular mechanism of the active compounds mainly involves antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation and autophagy through Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad 2/3 signaling pathways. This review is expected to provide scientific ideas for future research related to developing and utilizing the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandraceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yu-Pei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Nusrat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan Skardu, Skardu 16100, Pakistan
| | - Yu-Qing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yi-Xing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huang-He Yu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Yan LS, Cui S, Cheng BCY, Yin XB, Wang YW, Qiu XY, Nima CR, Zhang Y, Zhang SF. Sichen Formula Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Blocking the TLR4 Signaling Pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:297-312. [PMID: 36756190 PMCID: PMC9901480 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s372981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sichen (SC) formula is a classic prescription of Tibetan medicine. Due to its potential anti-inflammatory effect, the SC formula has been clinically used to treat respiratory diseases for many years in the Chinese Tibet region. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of SC and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods SC formula was characterized by HPLC analysis. The acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model was induced by direct intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. Meanwhile, RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated by LPS. The contents of inflammatory mediators in the culture medium were determined by ELISA. Protein levels were determined by immunohistochemical staining or Western blotting. Nuclear localization of NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was performed using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results In the LPS-induced ALI mouse model, SC treatment suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES) in BALF. SC treatment hindered the recruitment of macrophages. SC treatment also inhibited the expression of CD68, p-p65, and TLR4 in the lung tissue. In the LPS-exposed RAW264.7 cells, the cell viability was not changed up to 400 μg/mL of SC. SC concentration-dependently suppressed the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells. The expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-TBK1, p-IKKα/β, p-IκB, p-p65, p-c-Jun, and p-IRF3 were decreased after SC treatment. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 was also blocked by SC treatment. Conclusion SC treatment inhibited the inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ALI mouse model/RAW264.7 macrophages. The underlying mechanism of this action may be closely associated with the suppression of TLR4 signaling pathways. These research findings provide further pharmacological justifications for the medicinal use of SC in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Bin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ci-Ren Nima
- Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa, Tibet, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Shuo-Feng Zhang; Yi Zhang, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-10-53912122, Email ;
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Chen C, Li L, Liu X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Li Y. 23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting IκB/NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115725. [PMID: 36115602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cimicifuga foetida L. is a well-established traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing and detoxifying effects and has good therapeutic effect on oral mucosal ulcer and pharyngitis. The rhizome of this herb is rich in triterpenoid glycosides, including 23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-o-α-L-arabinoside (DA). AIM OF THE STUDY Whether and how DA attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) are unclear. Accordingly, we focused on its anti-inflammatory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI mice and RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of ALI mice was established by exposed intratracheal instillation of LPS. Lung pathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Pulmonary function was assessed by whole-body plethysmography. Total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by bicinchoninic acid method. Wet/dry lung ratio was used to evaluate the degree of pulmonary edema in mice. The levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative expression of pro-inflammatory gene mRNA was examined by RT-qPCR. The expression of inflammatory-related proteins was detected by Western blot. RAW264.7 cells were used to test the anti-inflammatory effects of DA in vitro. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a MTT assay. Nitric oxide production was measured by Griess assay. The production and expression of inflammatory mediators and the protein levels of inflammatory signaling molecules in the NF-κB and MAPK pathways were measured. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze the expression of p-IκBα, p-ERK, and p-p38 in lung macrophages and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and AP-1 in cells. RESULTS DA evidently alleviated histopathological changes and ameliorated pulmonary edema. Moreover, DA could reduce excessive inflammatory reaction in lung tissue as manifested by the reduction of proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, iNOS, and COX-2) in BALF, serum, and lung tissues. Further, DA inhibited the activation of the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway in the lung. DA reduced the production and expression of the proinflammatory mediators above in RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, DA remarkably blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, suppressed IκBα phosphorylation, and markedly reduced the nuclear translocation of AP-1 and the phosphorylation of ERK and p38. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated that DA exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated ALI mice and macrophages by downregulating the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway in lung tissue and the IκB/NF-κB and MAPKs/AP-1 pathways in macrophages, suggesting that DA may be promising in ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Deqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Liu J, Fang J, Zhang J, Wang D, Zhang Z, Wang C, Sun J, Chen J, Li H, Jing S. Protective Effect of Anwulignan on Gastric Injury Induced by Indomethacin in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 383:80-90. [PMID: 36041883 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anwulignan (AN) is a monomer lignan from Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wits (Schisandra sphenanthera fructus, Schisandra sphenanthera). The protective effect of AN against the indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric injury to mice and the related mechanism of action was investigated in this study. The effect of AN was mainly assessed by observing the gastric tissue morphology, gastric ulcer index (GUI), ulcer inhibition rate (UIR), gastric juice volume (GJV) and pH value. Chemical colorimetry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and Western blot were used to detect related factors in the gastric tissue. The results showed that AN reduced the GUI, increased the UIR, inhibited the GJV, and increased the gastric pH value. AN significantly increased cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E2 expression levels in the gastric tissue, activated nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), increased heme oxygenase-1 expression, enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased the malondialdehyde content. AN reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κ gene binding (NF-κB) p65 and its nuclear translocation, the key protein of NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastric tissue, and the content of the pathway downstream signaling molecules, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, to play an anti-inflammatory role. AN inhibited the downstream signals B-cell lymphoma 2-associated x protein and cleaved caspase-3 in gastric tissue, and activated B-cell lymphoma 2, to play an antiapoptotic role, which were further verified by Hoechst staining. Therefore, AN has a significant protection against the gastric injury induced by IND in mice, and the mechanism may be concerned in its activation of Nrf2, inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway, and anti-apoptotic effect. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Anwulignan (AN) significantly reduced the indomethacin-induced gastric injury in mice, and its antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis were considered to be involve in the effect, suggesting that AN should be a potential drug or food supplement for gastric injury induced by indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Jiahui Fang
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Junxiong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - He Li
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
| | - Shu Jing
- College of Pharmacy (J.W.L., J.H.F., J.X.Z., Z.H.Z., C.W., J.S., J.C., H.L.) and College of Medicine (D.W.), Beihua University, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University (S.J.), Jilin, China
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HE X, XIAO J, FAN C, LU Z, CAO H, YU L, ZHENG Y, LIU J. Zebrafish facilitates drug screening: potential of 3-deoxy-andrographoside from Chuanxinlian ) as an anti-inflammatory agent. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:749-757. [PMID: 36083482 PMCID: PMC9924720 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of diterpene lactones from Chuanxinlian () (AP). METHODS We firstly adopted zebrafish, a novel and ideal animal model for high-throughput drug screening, to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of 17 diterpene lactones isolated from AP. RESULTS The results showed that most of diterpene lactones displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide microinjection-, copper sulfate exposure- or tail transection-induced zebrafish inflammation models. Moreover, diterpene lactone 3-deoxy-andrographoside (AP-5) was firstly found to attenuate inflammatory responses, which was closely associated with the myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways. CONCLUSION Our research sheds light on the inestimable roles of zebrafish in high-throughput drug screening, elucidates the potent inhibitory effects of diterpene lactones against inflammation and indicates that AP-5 may serve as a potential alternative agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei HE
- 1 Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junjie XIAO
- 1 Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunlin FAN
- 3 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zibin LU
- 1 Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huihui CAO
- 1 Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linzhong YU
- 1 Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanru ZHENG
- 1 Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 4 School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical university, Guangzhou 510006, China
- ZHENG Yuanru, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Telephone: +86-20-61648539; +86-20-39352135
| | - Junshan LIU
- 1 Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 5 Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Associate Prof. LIU Junshan, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Yang K, Qiu J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Wang W, Hu H, You Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114759. [PMID: 34678416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (called bei-wuweizi in Chinese, S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (called nan-wuweizi in Chinese, S. sphenanthera) are two highly similar plants in the Magnoliaceae family. Their dried ripe fruits are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coughs, palpitation, spermatorrhea, and insomnia. They also are traditionally used as tonics in Russia, Japan, and Korea. AIM OF THE REVIEW S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are similar in appearance, traditional applications, ingredient compositions, and therapeutic effects. This review, therefore, aims to provide a systematic insight into the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicology of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, and to explore and present the similarities and differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera was collected by using electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and the online ethnobotanical database. RESULTS In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), there were 100 prescriptions containing S. chinensis, while only 11 contained S. sphenanthera. Totally, 306 and 238 compounds have been isolated and identified from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, respectively. Among these compounds, lignans, triterpenoids, essential oils, phenolic acid, flavonoids, phytosterols are the major composition. Through investigation of pharmacological activities, S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have similar therapeutic effects including hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic effect. Besides, S. chinensis turns out to have more effects including reproductive regulation and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitussive and antiasthmatic, anti-fatigue, antiarthritic, and bone remodeling effects. Both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have inhibitory effects on CYP3A and P-gp, which can mediate metabolism or efflux of substrates, and therefore interact with many drugs. CONCLUSIONS S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have great similarities. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are regarded to contribute to most of the bioactivities. Schisandrin A-C, schisandrol A-B, and schisantherin A, existing in both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera but differing in the amount, are the main active components, which may contribute to the similarities and differences. Study corresponding to the traditional use is needed to reveal the deep connotation of the use of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera as traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, a joint study of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera can better show the difference between them, which can provide a reference for clinical application. It is worth mentioning that the inhibition of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera on CYP3A and P-gp may lead to undesirable drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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10
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LAN-FANG C, DAN X, JUN S, FU-YONG Q, XIAO-WAN W, LIANG X. Anti-inflammatory effect of Eucommia Chlorogenic Acid (ECA) on adjuvant-induced arthritis rats and its effect on autophagy related pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.74521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen LAN-FANG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Xuan DAN
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Sheng JUN
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Qiang FU-YONG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Wang XIAO-WAN
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
| | - Xu LIANG
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China
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11
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Hong BS, Baek S, Kim MR, Park SM, Kim BS, Kim J, Lee KP. Systematic analysis of the pharmacological function of Schisandra as a potential exercise supplement. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:38-44. [PMID: 35152622 PMCID: PMC8843844 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Exercise can prevent conditions such as atrophy and degenerative brain diseases. However, owing to individual differences in athletic ability, exercise supplements can be used to improve a person’s exercise capacity. Schisandra chinensis (SC) is a natural product with various physiologically active effects. In this study, we analyzed SC using a pharmacological network and determined whether it could be used as an exercise supplement.[Methods] The active compounds of SC and target genes were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The active compound and target genes were selected based on pharmacokinetic (PK) conditions (oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30%, Caco-2 permeability (Caco-2) ≥ -0.4, and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18). Gene ontology (GO) was analyzed using the Cytoscape software.[Results] Eight active compounds were identified according to the PK conditions. Twenty-one target genes were identified after excluding duplicates in the eight active compounds. The top 10 GOs were analyzed using GO-biological process analysis. GO was subsequently divided into three representative categories: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity (53.85%), an intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway (36.46%), and endopeptidase activity (10%). SC is related to immune function.[Conclusion] According to the GO analysis, SC plays a role in immunity and inflammation, promotes liver metabolism, improves fatigue, and regulates the function of steroid receptors. Therefore, we suggest SC as an exercise supplement with nutritional and anti-fatigue benefits.
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Mahmood S, Almurisi SH, AL-Japairai K, Hilles AR, Alelwani W, Bannunah AM, Alshammari F, Alheibshy F. Ibuprofen-Loaded Chitosan-Lipid Nanoconjugate Hydrogel with Gum Arabic: Green Synthesis, Characterisation, In Vitro Kinetics Mechanistic Release Study and PGE2 Production Test. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040254. [PMID: 34940313 PMCID: PMC8701348 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medicine that is often used to treat inflammation in general. When given orally, it produces gastrointestinal issues which lead to lower patient compliance. Ibuprofen transdermal administration improves both patient compliance and the efficacy of the drug. Nanoconjugation hydrogels were proposed as a controlled transdermal delivery tool for ibuprofen. Six formulations were prepared using different compositions including chitosan, lipids, gum arabic, and polyvinyl alcohol, through ionic interaction, maturation, and freeze–thaw methods. The formulations were characterised by size, drug conjugation efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further analysis of optimised hydrogels was performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), rheology, gel fraction and swelling ability, in vitro drug release, and in vitro macrophage prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production testing. The effects of ibuprofen’s electrostatic interaction with a lipid or polymer on the physicochemical and dissolution characterisation of ibuprofen hydrogels were evaluated. The results showed that the S3 (with lipid conjugation) hydrogel provided higher conjugation efficiency and prolonged drug release compared with the S6 hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Khater AL-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia;
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azzah M. Bannunah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Common First Year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Fawaz Alheibshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (F.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden 6075, Yemen
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Zhang Z, Li L, Huang G, Zhou T, Zhang X, Leng X, Chen Z, Lin J. Embelia Laeta aqueous extract suppresses acute inflammation via decreasing COX-2/iNOS expression and inhibiting NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114575. [PMID: 34461190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Embelia laeta (L.) Mez., which is called Suanjifeng in Chinese ethnic Yao medicine, is traditionally for inflammation-related diseases, such as oral ulcer, sore throat, enteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the biological properties and the underlying mechanisms of Embelia laeta still need further studies. AIM OF THIS STUDY The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and its underlying mechanisms of Embelia laeta. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, except acute toxicity experiments, Kunming (KM) mice of either sex were enrolled to establish inflammatory model induced by xylene, acetic acid and carrageenan, respectively. Mice were randomly divided into different groups and pretreated by oral gavage with different doses of Embelia laeta aqueous extract (ELAE) (2.5, 5, 10 g/kg) and 10 mg/kg of Indo for 7 days. Ear edema, vascular permeability, abdominal writhing, and paw edema degree were detected in related experiments. Moreover, in the carrageenan-induced paw edema mice model, histological changes were detected by H&E staining. MDA, MPO and NO were detected by assay kit. Proinflammatory cytokines of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 were detected by ELISA. Additionally, COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Results showed that the ELAE evoked an obvious dose-dependent inhibition of ear edema induced by xylene, paw edema induced by carrageenan, as well as suppressing the increase of vascular permeability and writhing times elicited by acetic acid. Histopathological analysis indicated that ELAE could significantly decrease the cellular infiltration in paw tissue. ELAE showed antioxidant property through markedly decrease the MDA level and MPO activity in edema paw. In addition, ELAE decreased the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and NO that induced by carrageenan. Western blotting results also showed that ELAE could obviously downregulate the COX-2 and iNOS expression. Further analysis revealed that ELAE also inhibited NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and stabilize the conversion of IκBα. CONCLUSION ELAE had powerful anti-inflammatory property, which might be had a close relationship with mediating proinflammatory cytokines production, decreasing the COX-2 and iNOS expression, and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guoxin Huang
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Xinxin Leng
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhenxing Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Jiang Lin
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
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Song H, Chang K, Zhang L, Zhu W, Li Y, Hu H, Zhang X, Xi Y, Li L. Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Coupled with HPLC-UV for Simultaneous Extraction, Purification and Determination of Six Lignans in Schisandra chinensis Fruits. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:387-400. [PMID: 34136906 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for simultaneous extraction, purification and determination of six lignans in Schisandra chinensis Baill was developed by employing matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction followed by HPLC-UV determination analysis. Several sorbent and desorption solvent that affected the extraction yield of lignans were investigated; neutral alumina and absolute ethanol were selected as the best dispersing material and desorption agent, respectively. Other extraction conditions for MSPD were optimized as follows: 1:2 of S. chinensis raw material to neutral aluminum oxide mass ratio, 1:30 (g/mL) of sample to absolute ethanol, 2.5 h of desorption time and 50°C of desorption temperature. Under the above conditions, the total extraction yield for six lignans have reached (16.99 ± 0.33) x 103 mg/kg with a higher content of 6.88 ± 0.25% in the extracts. Comparative studies were explored by conducting other six extraction approaches including Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, smashing tissue extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction. Results showed MSPD technique not only improved the extraction yield, but also improved the purity of lignans, it can be generalized to more extraction of natural compounds. In addition, the validated HPLC-UV method had been successfully applied to analysis of lignans from 10 real S. chinensis samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Chang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Haobin Hu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Xi
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, P.R. China
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Panossian AG, Efferth T, Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Kuchta K, Mukherjee PK, Banerjee S, Heinrich M, Wu W, Guo D, Wagner H. Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress- and aging-related diseases. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:630-703. [PMID: 33103257 PMCID: PMC7756641 DOI: 10.1002/med.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used in various traditional medical systems (TMS) and conventional medicine and to provide a modern rationale for their use in the treatment of stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Adaptogens have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on the neuroendocrine-immune system, which explain their traditional use for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. They exhibit a biphasic dose-effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress-mimetics, which activate the adaptive stress-response signaling pathways to cope with severe stress. That is in line with their traditional use for preventing premature aging and to maintain good health and vitality. However, the potential of adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment of stress and aging-related diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations of adaptogenic plants provide unique effects due to their synergistic interactions in organisms not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress in this field needs to focus on discovering new combinations of adaptogens based on traditional medical concepts. Robust and rigorous approaches including network pharmacology and systems pharmacology could help in analyzing potential synergistic effects and, more broadly, future uses of adaptogens. In conclusion, the evolution of the adaptogenic concept has led back to basics of TMS and a new level of understanding of holistic approach. It provides a rationale for their use in stress-induced and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alexander N. Shikov
- Department of technology of dosage formsSaint‐Petersburg State Chemical‐Pharmaceutical UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Department of BiotechnologyMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS)MurmanskRussia
| | - Kenny Kuchta
- Department of Far Eastern Medicine, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal OncologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Pharmacognosy and PhytotherapyUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - De‐an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hildebert Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Pharma ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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Luo G, Zhang Y, Yan LS, Wang L, Cheng BY, Ding Y, Kong J, Wang Q, Fu XQ, Zhang SF. Total flavonoids from Saussurea involucrata attenuate inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via modulating p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 signaling pathways. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Liu J, Deng Y, Fu D, Yuan Y, Li Q, Shi L, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Sericin microparticles enveloped with metal-organic networks as a pulmonary targeting delivery system for intra-tracheally treating metastatic lung cancer. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:273-284. [PMID: 32913934 PMCID: PMC7451883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. However, systemic chemotherapy is limited by poor therapeutic efficiency and severe toxic side effects, due to the extremely low delivery efficacy and non-specificity of anticancer drugs. Herein, we report a sericin microparticles enveloped with metal-organic networks as a pulmonary delivery system for treating lung metastasis of breast cancer in an animal model. The sericin microparticles (SMPs) were prepared using water in oil (w/o) emulsification method. After doxorubicin (DOX) loading, tannic acid (TA)/ferric irons (Fe3+) based metal organic networks (MON) were coated on the particles to obtain DOX-loaded microparticles (DOX@SMPs-MON). The SMPs-MON with good biocompatibility could effectively encapsulate DOX and sustainably unload cargos in a pH-dependent manner. The DOX-loaded microparticles could be uptaken by 4T1 cells, and effectively kill the cancer cells. In vivo, DOX@SMPs-MON was deposited in the lungs and remained for over 5 days after pulmonary administration. In contrast to conventional DOX treatment that did not show significantly inhibitory effects on lung metastatic tumor, DOX@SMPs-MON markedly decreased the number and size of metastatic nodules in lungs, and the lung weight and appearance were similar to those of healthy mice. In summary, the sericin microparticles with MON wrapping might be a promising pulmonary delivery system for treating lung metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Daan Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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18
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Zhou Y, Men L, Sun Y, Wei M, Fan X. Pharmacodynamic effects and molecular mechanisms of lignans from Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.), a current review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173796. [PMID: 33345853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruit of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) (S. chinensis) is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in China, Korea, and many other east Asian countries. At present, S. chinensis commonly forms Chinese medicinal formulae with other herbal medicines to treat liver disease and neurological disease in clinical. Modern researches indicated that lignans were the main active ingredients of S. chinensis with high content and novel dibenzocyclooctadiene skeletal structure, exhibited considerable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, some of these lignans also showed certain potentials in anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, and other effects. In the current review, we summarize literature reported lignans from S. chinensis in the past five years, and highlight the molecular mechanisms of lignans in exerting their biological functions. Also, we point out some deficiencies of existing researches and discuss the future direction of lignans study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Lihui Men
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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19
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Panossian A, Brendler T. The Role of Adaptogens in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E236. [PMID: 32911682 PMCID: PMC7558817 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our review is to demonstrate the potential of herbal preparations, specifically adaptogens for prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, as well as convalescence, specifically through supporting a challenged immune system, increasing resistance to viral infection, inhibiting severe inflammatory progression, and driving effective recovery. The evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies with Andrographis paniculata, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Glycyrrhiza spp., Panax spp., Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis, Withania somnifera, their combination products and melatonin suggests that adaptogens can be useful in prophylaxis and treatment of viral infections at all stages of progression of inflammation as well as in aiding recovery of the organism by (i) modulating innate and adaptive immunity, (ii) anti-inflammatory activity, (iii) detoxification and repair of oxidative stress-induced damage in compromised cells, (iv) direct antiviral effects of inhibiting viral docking or replication, and (v) improving quality of life during convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, 31275 Halland, Sweden
- EuropharmaUSA, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA
| | - Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa;
- Traditional Medicinals Inc., Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ 08108, USA
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20
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Deng L, Yin C, Ma YC. The Quality Control of Both Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. Et Wils by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC). Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20941278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality problems with Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SCB) and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils. (SSR) have been increasing owing to their obvious difference in supply and demand. In this study, qualitative and quantitative studies were carried out on the contents of various components of SCB and SSR, which provided the reference for the quality control of the raw materials of SCB and SSR. A ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (1.8 μm, 100 mm × 2.1 mm) was used with a column temperature of 40 °C, a mobile phase consisting of a gradient of acetonitrile and water, a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, and an injection sample of 1 µL. Ultraviolet detection was operated at 220 nm throughout the analyzing time. Almost all the compounds achieved baseline separation. In addition, this method showed a favorable recovery (98.3%-102.5% for SCB and 99.1%-100.5% for SSR) and good precision and stability, confirming the reliability of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Chun Ma
- Collage of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Dr Ma’s Laboratories Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Kim SM, Vetrivel P, Kim HH, Ha SE, Saralamma VVG, Kim GS. Artemisia iwayomogi (Dowijigi) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2161-2170. [PMID: 32104280 PMCID: PMC7027351 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are an important health concern and have a growing incidence worldwide. Thus, developing novel and safe drugs to treat these disorders remains an important pursuit. Artemisia iwayomogi, locally known as Dowijigi (DJ), is a perennial herb found primarily in Korea and is used to treat various diseases such as hepatitis, inflammation and immune disorders. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenolic extract from the DJ flower (PDJ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by Griess and ELISA analysis, respectively. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were examined by western blot analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, as well as COX2 and iNOS. The production of NO and PGE2 was significantly decreased following treatment with PDJ. The mRNA expression levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, COX2 and iNOS were significantly decreased in LPS-induced PDJ co-treated cells compared with the group treated with LPS alone. Western blot analysis indicated that PDJ downregulated the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX2, as well as the expression of NF-κB proteins. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PDJ exerted anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced macrophage cells by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, PDJ may be used as a potential therapeutic agent in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
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22
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Luo G, Kong J, Chi-Yan Cheng B, Zhao H, Fu XQ, Yan LS, Ding Y, Liu YL, Pan SY, Zhang SF, Zhang Y. Xiao Qing Long Tang essential oil exhibits inhibitory effects on the release of pro-inflammatory mediators by suppressing NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 signalling in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12977-12989. [PMID: 35520778 PMCID: PMC9063779 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiao Qing Long Tang (literally “Minor blue dragon decoction” in Chinese), a traditional Chinese formula, is prescribed to treat respiratory diseases. However, only few studies have been reported on its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Xiao Qing Long Tang essential oil on inflammatory mediators and explored the mechanisms of action of XQEO in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. XQEO was prepared via steam distillation and characterized by GC-MS analysis. MTT and Griess assays were used to measure cell viability and NO production, respectively. The mRNA expression and the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) and chemokines (MCP-1, Rantes, and MIP-1α) were determined by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the protein levels of the components of NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF3 signalling by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence assay was used to estimate the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF3. The results showed that XQEO inhibited the secretion of NO and PGE2 and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS and COX-2. We also found that XQEO suppressed the LPS-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, XQEO inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65, AP-1/c-Jun, and IRF3 by suppressing their upstream kinases, such as MAPKs, TBK1, Akt, IKKα/β, and IκB, reducing the LPS-induced NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF3 translocation to the nucleus. These findings suggest that XQEO effectively suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators possibly through the inhibition of NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 signalling in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Xiao Qing Long Tang essential oil suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators via blocking NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 signalling in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission Beijing 102400 China
| | - Jing Kong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong.,Quality Healthcare Medical Services Kowloon Bay Hong Kong
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
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23
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Xu W, Qian J, Zeng F, Li S, Guo W, Chen L, Li G, Zhang Z, Wang QJ, Deng F. Protein kinase Ds promote tumor angiogenesis through mast cell recruitment and expression of angiogenic factors in prostate cancer microenvironment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:114. [PMID: 30841931 PMCID: PMC6404326 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Mast cells are being increasingly recognized as critical components in the tumor microenvironment. Protein Kinase D (PKD) is essential for the progression of prostate cancer, but its role in prostate cancer microenvironment remains poorly understood. Methods The expression of PKD, mast cells and microvessel density were examined by IHC. The clinical significance was determined by statistical analyses. The biological function of PKD and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. Results PKD2/3 contributed to MCs recruitment and tumor angiogenesis in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Clinical data showed that increased activation of PKD at Ser744/748 in prostate cancer was correlated with mast cell infiltration and microvascular density. PKD2/3 silencing of prostate cancer cells markedly decreased MCs migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells. Moreover, PKD2/3 depletion not only reduced SCF, CCL5 and CCL11 expression in prostate cancer cells but also inhibited angiogenic factors in MCs. Conversely, exogenous SCF, CCL5 and CCL11 reversed the effect on MCs migration inhibited by PKD2/3 silencing. Mechanistically, PKD2/3 interacted with Erk1/2 and activated Erk1/2 or NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to AP-1 or NF-κB binding to the promoter of scf, ccl5 and ccl11. Finally, PKD-specific inhibitor significantly reduced tumor volume and tumor growth in mice bearing RM-1 prostate cancer cells, which was attributed to attenuation of mast cell recruitment and tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions These results demonstrate a novel PKDs function that contributes to tumor angiogenesis and progression through mast cells recruitment in prostate cancer microenvironment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1118-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfu Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Present address: Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Present address: Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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24
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Zhang Y, Chi-Yan Cheng B, Xie R, Xu B, Gao XY, Luo G. Re-Du-Ning inhalation solution exerts suppressive effect on the secretion of inflammatory mediators via inhibiting IKKα/β/IκBα/NF-κB, MAPKs/AP-1, and TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8912-8925. [PMID: 35517648 PMCID: PMC9062024 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Re-Du-Ning inhalation solution (RIS) is a novel preparation derived from the Re-Du-Ning injection, which has been clinically used to treat respiratory diseases such as pneumonia for more than twenty years in China. However, scant reports have been issued on its anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Aim: we investigated the suppressive effect of RIS on inflammatory mediators and explored the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: RIS freeze dried powder was characterized by HPLC analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage was selected as the cell model. The cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay. Moreover, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by the Griess reaction. The protein secretions from inflammatory mediators were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein levels and enzyme activities were examined by Western blotting. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), AP-1, and IRF3 was further explored by immunofluorescence assay. Results: the viability of the RAW 264.7 cells was not significantly changed after 24 h incubation with RIS concentration up to 400 μg mL−1. The RIS remarkably reduced the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and downregulated the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and chemokines (MCP-1, CCL-5, and MIP-1α) in the culture medium were significantly decreased by the RIS treatment. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of IκB-α, IKKα/β, TBK1, ERK, p38, JNK, NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was downregulated by the RIS treatment. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was also inhibited after the RIS treatment. Conclusion: the suppressive effect of RIS is associated with the regulated NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 and their upstream proteins. This study provides a pharmacological basis for the application of RIS in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Re-Du-Ning inhalation solution suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators through TLR4 signaling pathway.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
- Quality Healthcare Medical Services
- China
| | - Ran Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Science
- Beijing 100700
- China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Xiao Yan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing 100102
- China
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