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Pozzoli C, Martinelli G, Fumagalli M, Di Lorenzo C, Maranta N, Colombo L, Piazza S, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E. Castanea sativa Mill. By-Products: Investigation of Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3951. [PMID: 39203029 PMCID: PMC11357300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Castanea sativa Mill. (C. sativa) processing and pruning generate several by-products, including leaves, burs, and shells (inner and outer teguments), which are considered an important source of high-value phytochemicals. Ellagitannins from C. sativa leaf extracts have been described to impair H. pylori viability and inflammation in gastric cells. Furthermore, chestnut shells showed an important anti-inflammatory effect in gastric epithelial cells. Dietary polyphenols, including tannins, have been reported to interfere with targets of inflammation, including the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). A promising role as a further therapeutical target for gut disorders has been recently proposed for the regulatory subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), as a potential stabilizer of intestinal barrier integrity. Therefore, the main objective of this work is the chemical characterization of several chestnut by-products (bud, spiny bur, wood, pericarp and episperm), together with the exploitation of their anti-inflammatory properties in intestinal cells, scavenging capacity, and stability following gastrointestinal digestion. The chemical characterization confirmed the presence of bioactive polyphenols in the extracts, including ellagitannins. In CaCo-2 cells stimulated by an IL-1β-IFN-γ cocktail, nearly all chestnut by-products (50 µg/mL) inhibited the release of proinflammatory mediators (CXCL-10, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM), along with the NF-κB-driven transcription, and induced the HRE-driven transcription. The stability of the most promising extracts, identified through PCA and cluster analysis, was addressed by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Despite the significant reduction in total polyphenol index of chestnut bud and wood after gastric and intestinal digestion, the activity of these extracts on both scavenging and anti-inflammatory parameters remained promising. These data contribute to exploit the potential of chestnut by-products as sources of dietary polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties at the intestinal level. Moreover, this study could represent an important step to encourage the recycling and valorization of chestnut by-products, promoting the circular economy and reducing the environmental impact related to the management of agriculture waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Pozzoli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Nicole Maranta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Luca Colombo
- Consorzio Castanicoltori di Brinzio, Orino e Castello Cabiaglio, Società Cooperativa Agricola-Varese, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (C.D.L.); (N.M.); (E.S.)
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Rodrigues DB, Veríssimo L, Finimundy T, Rodrigues J, Oliveira I, Gonçalves J, Fernandes IP, Barros L, Heleno SA, Calhelha RC. Chemical and Bioactive Screening of Green Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Chestnut By-Products: An Approach to Guide the Sustainable Production of High-Added Value Ingredients. Foods 2023; 12:2596. [PMID: 37444334 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunities for the valorisation of agro-industrial residues of the chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) production chain have been fostered with the production of multifunctional polyphenol-rich extracts with the potential to be introduced as natural additives or active components in several products. Nonetheless, it is crucial to explore the feasibility of different extracts from the various by-products for these applications through the exhaustive study of their composition and bioactivities without losing sight of the sustainable character of the process. This work aimed at the screening of the phenolic compound composition and bioactivities of different green extracts of chestnut burs, shells and leaves, as the first step to establish their potential application as natural ingredients, primarily as food preservatives. To this end, maceration (MAC) as a conventional extraction method besides ultrasound and microwave-assisted extractions (UAE and MAE) was employed to obtain the extracts from chestnut by-products using water (W) and hydroethanolic solution (HE) as solvents. Phenolic compounds were analysed by HPLC-DAD-(ESI-)MS/MS; the antioxidant capacity was assessed by colourimetric assays, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against several strains of food-borne bacteria and fungi. The leaf extracts obtained by MAC-HE and UAE-HE presented the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (70.92 ± 2.72 and 53.97 ± 2.41 mg.g-1 extract dw, respectively), whereas, for burs and shells, the highest recovery of total phenolic compounds was achieved by using UAE-HE and UAE-W (36.87 ± 1.09 and 23.03 ± 0.26 mg.g-1 extract dw, respectively). Bis-HHDP-glucose isomers, chestanin and gallic acid were among the most abundant compounds. Bur extracts (MAC-HE and UAE-HE) generally presented the highest antioxidant capacity as measured by TBARS, while the best results in DPPH and reducing power assays were found for shell extracts (MAE-W and MAC-HE). Promising antibacterial activity was noticed for the aqueous extracts of burs, leaves and hydroethanolic extracts of shells, with emphasis on the MAE-W extract of burs that showed bactericidal activity against E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (MBC 5 mg.mL-1). Overall, it can be concluded that chestnut by-products, including burs, shells and leaves, are sources of polyphenolic compounds with significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The choice of extraction method and solvent greatly influenced the composition and bioactivity of the extracts. These findings highlight the potential of chestnut by-products for the development of natural additives, particularly for food preservation, while also emphasizing the importance of sustainable utilization of agricultural waste materials. Further research is warranted to optimize extraction techniques and explore additional applications for these valuable bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bobrowski Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lavínia Veríssimo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tiane Finimundy
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Izamara Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- Tree Flowers Solutions, Lda, Edificio Brigantia Ecopark, Av. Cidade de Léon, 5300-358 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel P Fernandes
- Tree Flowers Solutions, Lda, Edificio Brigantia Ecopark, Av. Cidade de Léon, 5300-358 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Sandrina A Heleno
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Pane C, Manganiello G, Vitti A, Celano R, Piccinelli AL, De Falco E. Phytochemical Extracts of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter from Agroecological Systems: Seed Antigerminative Properties and Effectiveness in Counteracting Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease on Baby-Leaf Spinach. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:790. [PMID: 37372075 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter subsp. viscosa (Asteraceae) is a perennial species naturally distributed in arid and marginal areas whose agroecological cultivation could be a useful innovation to produce quality biomass to extract phenolic-rich phytochemical blends. Here, biomass-yield trends were profiled at different growth stages under direct cropping, and inflorescences, leaves, and stems were submitted to water extraction and hydrodistillation. Then, four extracts were investigated for their biological activities in invitro and in planta assays. Extracts inhibited cress (Lepidium sativum)- and radish (Raphanus sativus)-seed germination and root elongation. All samples showed dose-dependent antifungal activity in the plate experiments, inhibiting up to 65% of the growth of the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata, a leaf-spot disease agent of baby spinach (Spinacea oleracea). However, only the extracts from dried green parts and fresh inflorescences at the highest concentration significantly reduced (54%) the extent of Alternaria necrosis on baby spinach. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis revealed that the main specialized metabolites of the extracts are caffeoyl quinic acids, methoxylated flavonoids, sesquiterpene compounds such as tomentosin, and dicarboxylic acids, which may explain the observed bioactivity. Plant extracts obtained through sustainable methodology can be effective in biological agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catello Pane
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Manganiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonella Vitti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, Course of Agriculture, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Course of Agriculture, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrica De Falco
- Department of Pharmacy, Course of Agriculture, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Lombardi A, Campo M, Vignolini P, Papalini M, Pizzetti M, Bernini R. Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Circular Economy: Chemical Profile and Activity against Filamentous Fungi and Dermatophytes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114374. [PMID: 37298850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a relevant issue in agri-food and biomedical fields because they could compromise quality of food and humans' health. Natural extracts represent a safe alternative to synthetic fungicides and in the green chemistry and circular economy scenario, agro-industrial wastes and by-products offer an eco-friendly source of bioactive natural compounds. In this paper, phenolic-rich extracts from Olea europaea L. de-oiled pomace, Castanea sativa Mill. wood, Punica granatum L. peel, and Vitis vinifera L. pomace and seeds were characterized by HPLC-MS-DAD analysis. Finally, these extracts were tested as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic filamentous fungi and dermatophytes such as Aspergillus brasiliensis, Alternaria sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, and Trichophyton interdigitale. The experimental results evidenced that all extracts exhibited a significant growth inhibition for Trichophyton interdigitale. Punica granatum L., Castanea sativa Mill., and Vitis vinifera L. extracts showed a high activity against Alternaria sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer. These data are promising for the potential applications of some of these extracts as antifungal agents in the food and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lombardi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Margherita Campo
- Phytolab, Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti", DiSIA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- Phytolab, Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications "G. Parenti", DiSIA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Papalini
- Bioricerche S.r.l., Loc. Ferro di Cavallo, 58034 Castell'Azzara, Italy
| | - Mirco Pizzetti
- Bioricerche S.r.l., Loc. Ferro di Cavallo, 58034 Castell'Azzara, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Li J, Liao R, Zhang S, Weng H, Liu Y, Tao T, Yu F, Li G, Wu J. Promising remedies for cardiovascular disease: Natural polyphenol ellagic acid and its metabolite urolithins. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154867. [PMID: 37257327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant worldwide factor contributing to human fatality and morbidity. With the increase of incidence rates, it is of concern that there is a lack of current therapeutic alternatives because of multiple side effects. Ellagic acid (EA), the natural polyphenol (C14H6O8), is abundant in pomegranates, berries, and nuts. EA and its intestinal microflora metabolite, urolithins, have recently attracted much attention as a potential novel "medicine" because of their wide pharmacological properties. PURPOSE This study aimed to critically analyze available literature to summarize the beneficial effects of EA and urolithins, and highlights their druggability and therapeutic potential in various CVDs. METHODS We systematically studied research and review articles between 1984 and 2022 available on various databases to obtain the data on EA and urolithins with no language restriction. Their cardiovascular protective activities, underlying mechanism, and druggability were highlighted and discussed comprehensively. RESULTS We found that EA and urolithins may exert preventive and curative effects on CVD with negligible side effects and possibly regulate lipid metabolism imbalance, pro-inflammatory factor production, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, endothelial cell dysfunction, and Ca2+ intake and release. Potentially, this may lead to the prevention and amelioration of atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiotoxicities in vivo. Several molecules and signaling pathways are associated with their therapeutic actions, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, sirtuin1, miRNA, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies shows that EA and urolithins could be used as valid candidates for early prevention and effective therapeutic strategies for various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixue Liao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shijia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Huimin Weng
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tianyi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Esposito T, Pisanti S, Martinelli R, Celano R, Mencherini T, Re T, Aquino RP. Couroupita guianensis bark decoction: From Amazonian medicine to the UHPLC-HRMS chemical profile and its role in inflammation processes and re-epithelialization. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116579. [PMID: 37142146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the Amazon rainforest, the shamans of the Mayantuyacu site use the healing virtues of decoctions and teas from different parts of the Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae) trees as remedies in Ashaninka medicine. However, composition of the remedy and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to compare the metabolite profile of Couroupita guianensis bark decoction produced by Amazonian shamans with that obtained under standardised laboratory conditions and to investigate biological properties of both decoction and isolated constituents in skin wound healing process and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical analyses were carried out by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with UV and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry detectors (UHPLC-UV-HRMS). 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments were performed to identify the main decoction constituents. The decoction and pure compound effect on keratinocyte migration was determined by the in vitro wound healing model; the mechanism of action was elucidated by western blot analysis. RESULTS UHPLC-UV-HRMS analysis revealed the occurrence of polyphenolic compounds as catechins, ellagitannins and, notably, of unusual sulphated derivatives of ellagic acid isolated for the first time from Couroupita guianensis bark. A new natural sulphated molecule [4-(2″-O-sulphate- β-D-glucuronopyranosyl) ellagic acid] was identified as the potential active compound responsible for the efficacy of bark decoction stimulating wound healing in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The molecular mechanism involved the induction of pro-migratory pathways mediated by ERK and AKT phosphorylation and the increase of MMP2 expression in HaCaT cells. At the same time, the treatment inhibited inflammation interfering with NFkB activation. CONCLUSION Beyond identifying a new bioactive compound, the overall results scientifically validate the traditional use of Couroupita guianensis bark decoction as an anti-inflammatory remedy. Moreover, the beneficial effects on keratinocytes suggest promising therapeutic applications in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Tania Re
- UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy; UNESCO Chair "Health Anthropology, Biosphere and Healing Systems" University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita P Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Marrazzo P, Mandrone M, Chiocchio I, Zambonin L, Barbalace MC, Zalambani C, Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Prata C, Poli F, Fiorentini D, Hrelia S. By-Product Extracts from Castanea sativa Counteract Hallmarks of Neuroinflammation in a Microglial Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040808. [PMID: 37107183 PMCID: PMC10135167 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Castanea sativa is very common in Italy, and the large amount of waste material generated during chestnut processing has a high environmental impact. Several studies demonstrated that chestnut by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds, mainly endowed with antioxidant properties. This study further investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of chestnut leaf and spiny bur extracts, together with the deepest phytochemical characterisation (by NMR and MS) of active biomolecules contained in leaf extracts, which resulted in being more effective than spiny bur ones. BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as a model of neuroinflammation. In BV-2 cells pre-treated with chestnut extracts, LPS signalling is partially blocked via the reduced expression of TLR4 and CD14 as well as the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory markers. Leaf extract fractions revealed the presence of specific flavonoids, such as isorhamnetin glucoside, astragalin, myricitrin, kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl (1-6)(2″-trans-p-coumaroyl)hexoside, tiliroside and unsaturated fatty acids, all of which could be responsible for the observed anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Interestingly, the kaempferol derivative has been identified in chestnut for the first time. In conclusion, the exploitation of chestnut by-products is suitable for the achievement of two goals: satisfaction of consumers’ demand for new, natural bio-active compounds and valorisation of by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Zambonin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Chiara Zalambani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Fiorentini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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8
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Piazza S, Martinelli G, Fumagalli M, Pozzoli C, Maranta N, Giavarini F, Colombo L, Nicotra G, Vicentini SF, Genova F, De Fabiani E, Sangiovanni E, Dell'Agli M. Ellagitannins from Castanea sativa Mill. Leaf Extracts Impair H. pylori Viability and Infection-Induced Inflammation in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061504. [PMID: 36986236 PMCID: PMC10056456 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an etiologic factor of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Virulent strains of H. pylori are correlated with the severity of gastritis, due to NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression at the epithelial level. Ellagitannins have been documented for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, thus suggesting their potential use in gastritis. Recently, several authors, including our group, demonstrated that tannin-rich extracts from chestnut byproducts, at present considered agricultural waste, display promising biological activities. In this work, we detected high levels of polyphenols in hydroalcoholic extracts from chestnut leaves (Castanea sativa L.). Among polyphenols, the ellagitannin isomers castalagin and vescalagin (about 1% w/w of dry extract) were identified as potential bioactive compounds. In GES-1 cells infected by H. pylori, leaf extract and pure ellagitannins inhibited IL-8 release (IC50 ≈ 28 µg/mL and 11 µM, respectively). Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory activity was partly due to attenuation of NF-κB signaling. Moreover, the extract and pure ellagitannins reduced bacterial growth and cell adhesion. A simulation of the gastric digestion suggested that the bioactivity might be maintained after oral administration. At the transcriptional level, castalagin downregulated genes involved in inflammatory pathways (NF-κB and AP-1) and cell migration (Rho GTPase). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation in which ellagitannins from plant extracts have demonstrated a potential role in the interaction among H. pylori and human gastric epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Pozzoli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Maranta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Giavarini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Colombo
- Consorzio Castanicoltori di Brinzio, Orino e Castello Cabiaglio, Società Cooperativa Agricola-Varese, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Genova
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emma De Fabiani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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9
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Ferrara E, Pecoraro MT, Cice D, Piccolella S, Formato M, Esposito A, Petriccione M, Pacifico S. A Joint Approach of Morphological and UHPLC-HRMS Analyses to Throw Light on the Autochthonous 'Verdole' Chestnut for Nutraceutical Innovation of Its Waste. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248924. [PMID: 36558057 PMCID: PMC9785621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, chestnut by-products are gaining a lot of interest as a low-cost raw material, exploitable for developing added-value products. This is in line with suitable chestnut by-products' management, aimed at reducing the environmental impact, thus improving the chestnut industry's competitiveness and economic sustainability. In this context, with the aim of valorizing local cultivars of European chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.), our attention focused on the Verdole cultivar, which has been characterized by using the UPOV guidelines for its distinctness, homogeneity, and stability. After harvesting, Verdole chestnuts were properly dissected to collect the outer and inner shells, and episperm. Each chestnut part, previously crushed, shredded, and passed through diverse sieves, underwent ultrasound-assisted extraction. The extracts obtained were evaluated for their total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content. The antiradical capacity by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the Fe(III) reducing power, were also evaluated. Although all the samples showed dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy, plant matrix size strongly impacted on extraction efficiency. LC-HRMS-based metabolic profiling highlighted the occurrence of different polyphenol subclasses, whose quantitative ratio varied among the chestnut parts investigated. The outer shell was more chemically rich than inner shell and episperm, according to its pronounced antioxidant activity. The polyphenol diversity of Verdole by-products is a resource not intended for disposal, appliable in the nutraceutical sector, thus realizing a new scenario in processing chestnut waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Tommasina Pecoraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Danilo Cice
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Formato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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10
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Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) Nutritional and Phenolic Composition Interactions with Chestnut Flavor Physiology. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244052. [PMID: 36553794 PMCID: PMC9777662 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), is an environmentally and economically important species in Europe, mainly for fruit production. The chestnut fruit is well-known for its nutritional properties, namely its high concentration of carbohydrates (starch) and its low-fat content, as well as being one of the few fruits that do not contain gluten. Due to its chemical and nutritional characteristics beneficial to health, the sweet chestnut is a food recommended at different levels. The biochemistry of the mouth and nose of a human being is very complex. However, understanding the different interactions between the biochemistry of our sensory organs and food helps us to comprehend certain concepts, such as flavor and how it is involved in the sensory evaluation of the chestnuts. For the selection of high-quality products, it is necessary to develop reliable methods both from a qualitative and sensory point of view, and chestnut is a fruit with unique sensory characteristics that can be used in various gastronomic dishes, from main courses to desserts.
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11
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Formato M, Vastolo A, Piccolella S, Calabrò S, Cutrignelli MI, Zidorn C, Pacifico S. Castanea sativa Mill. Leaf: UHPLC-HR MS/MS Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methanogenesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248662. [PMID: 36557796 PMCID: PMC9785889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) is a deciduous tree grown for its wood and edible fruits. Chestnut processing produces residues (burs, shells, and leaves) exploitable for their diversity in bioactive compounds in animal nutrition. In fact, plant-specialized metabolites likely act as rumen modifiers. Thus, the recovery of residual plant parts as feed ingredients is an evaluable strategy. In this context, European chestnut leaves from northern Germany have been investigated, proving to be a good source of flavonoids as well as gallo- and ellagitannins. To this purpose, an alcoholic extract was obtained and an untargeted profiling carried out, mainly by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR MS/MS) techniques. To better unravel the polyphenol constituents, fractionation strategies were employed to obtain a lipophilic fraction and a polar one. This latter was highly responsive to total phenolic and flavonoid content analyses, as well as to antiradical (DPPH● and ABTS+●) and reducing activity (PFRAP) assays. The effect of the alcoholic extract and its fractions on rumen liquor was also evaluated in vitro in terms of fermentative parameter changes and impact on methanogenesis. The data acquired confirm that chestnut leaf extract and the fractions therefrom promote an increase in total volatile fatty acids, while decreasing acetate/propionate ratio and CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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13
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Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S, Pratap-Singh A, Kapusta I, Kruszyńska A, Rapak A, Ochmian I, Cebulak T, Żukiewicz-Sobczak W, Rubiński P. Flowers and Leaves Extracts of Stachys palustris L. Exhibit Stronger Anti-Proliferative, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Obesity Potencies than Stems and Roots Due to More Phenolic Compounds as Revealed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:785. [PMID: 35890084 PMCID: PMC9317270 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to assess the biological potential of polyphenolic compounds in different parts (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) of Stachys palustris L. Towards secondary metabolites profile, 89 polyphenolic compounds (PCs) were identified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS, with a total average content of 6089 mg/100 g of dry matter (d.m.). In terms of biological activity, antioxidant activity (radical activity, reducing power), digestive enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase) effect, and antiproliferative activity (inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines) were explored. Leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of S. palustris L. have not been studied in this regard until now. Vescalagin and cocciferin d2, isoverbascoside (verbascoside), luteolin 6-C-glucoside, luteolin 6-C-galactoside, apigenin 6-C-glucoside, (-)-epicatechin, ellagic acid, and malvidin 3-O-diglucoside were detected as main ingredients in the studied parts. Methanolic extract of S. palustris L. leaves and flowers revealed the highest amount of PCs with the strongest antiradical (18.5 and 15.6 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g d.m., respectively) and reducing power effects (7.3 and 5.6 mmol TE/g d.m.). Leaf extracts exhibited better α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibition effects, while flower extracts exhibited better α-glucosidase inhibition effect. Regarding antiproliferative activity, extracts of the leaves and flowers significantly reduced cell viability and induced a high level of apoptosis in human lung, pancreatic, bladder, and colon cancer cell lines, as well as in human acute myeloid leukemia; whereas the extracts from stems and roots revealed the weaker effects. The results of this work showed anti-proliferative and potentially anti-diabetic, anti-obesity properties of S. palustris L., especially for flowers and leaves, which may have wide potential applications in the functional food, special food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics industries, and/or in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 4 Nowy Świat Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (W.Ż.-S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems (LFS), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus 213-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems (LFS), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus 213-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (I.K.); (T.C.)
| | - Angelika Kruszyńska
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ireneusz Ochmian
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (I.K.); (T.C.)
| | - Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 4 Nowy Świat Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (W.Ż.-S.); (P.R.)
| | - Paweł Rubiński
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, 4 Nowy Świat Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (W.Ż.-S.); (P.R.)
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14
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Phytochemical and Nutritional Profile Composition in Fruits of Different Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Cultivars Grown in Romania. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), a valuable fruit crop, is cultivated in small areas in Romania, mostly in the west, where the moderate continental climate has a slight Mediterranean influence. This work aims to investigate the bioactive characteristics (total polyphenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity), individual polyphenolic composition, phytochemical and nutritional HRMS screening profiles, sugar and mineral composition of six sweet chestnut cultivars, namely ‘Marsol’, ‘Maraval’, ‘Bournette’, ‘Précoce Migoule’ and ‘Marissard’ grown at Fruit Growing Research—Extension Station (SCDP) Vâlcea, in Northern Oltenia, Romania. Fruit samples were collected in two consecutive years, in order to study the impact of genetic variability between cultivars and the influence of the different climatic conditions corresponding to different cultivation years. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) allow the discrimination between the sweet chestnut fruits harvested in different years and different sweet chestnut cultivars. Analytical investigations revealed that sweet chestnut cultivars grown in Romania show similar bioactive, phytochemical and nutritional composition to cultivars grown in the large European chestnut-producing countries, indicating the high adaptation potential of the chestnut in the temperate continental zone with small Mediterranean influences characteristic of the southwestern area of Romania.
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15
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Pinto PA, Bezerra RMF, Fraga I, Amaral C, Sampaio A, Dias AA. Solid-State Fermentation of Chestnut Shells and Effect of Explanatory Variables in Predictive Saccharification Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052572. [PMID: 35270265 PMCID: PMC8909322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chestnut shells (CNS), a recalcitrant and low-value agro-industrial waste obtained during the peeling of Castanea sativa fruits, were subjected to solid-state fermentation by six white-rot fungal strains (Irpex lacteus, Ganoderma resinaceum, Phlebia rufa, Bjerkandera adusta and two Trametes isolates). After being fermented, CNS was subjected to hydrolysis by a commercial enzymatic mix to evaluate the effect of fermentation in saccharification yield. After 48 h hydrolysis with 10 CMCase U mL−1 enzymatic mix, CNS fermented with both Trametes strains was recorded with higher saccharification yield (around 253 mg g−1 fermented CNS), representing 25% w/w increase in reducing sugars as compared to non-fermented controls. To clarify the relationships and general mechanisms of fungal fermentation and its impacts on substrate saccharification, the effects of some independent or explanatory variables in the production of reducing sugars were estimated by general predictive saccharification models. The variables considered were lignocellulolytic activities in fungal fermentation, CNS hydrolysis time, and concentration of enzymatic hydrolysis mix. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a very high significant effect (p < 0.0001) of fungal laccase and xylanase activities in the saccharification models, thus proving the key potential of these enzymes in CNS solid-state fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Pinto
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Rui M. F. Bezerra
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Irene Fraga
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Amaral
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sampaio
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Albino A. Dias
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (P.A.P.); (R.M.F.B.); (I.F.); (C.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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16
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Esposito T, Mencherini T, Sansone F, Auriemma G, Gazzerro P, Puca RV, Iandoli R, Aquino RP. Development, Characterization, and Clinical Investigation of a New Topical Emulsion System Containing a Castanea sativa Spiny Burs Active Extract. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1634. [PMID: 34683927 PMCID: PMC8539921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focused on the development and characterization of an O/W emulsion for skincare containing Castanea sativa spiny burs extract (CSE) as functional agent. The emulsion was stable and had suitable physicochemical and technological properties for dermal application and CSE showed no cytotoxicity in spontaneously immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) at active concentrations. A single-blind, placebo-controlled, monocentric study was designed to evaluate the skin tolerability and the skin performance of the CSE-loaded emulsion on healthy human volunteers. An improvement was observed in skin biomechanical properties such as hydration, skin elasticity and a reduction in the periorbital wrinkles in 30 days without altering the skin barrier function, sebum, pH, and erythema values. A significant skin moisturizing effect was detected while the skin barrier function was preserved. The selected natural ingredient combined with the designed formulation and the optimized preparation method has led to a final product that satisfies the physico-chemical and technological requirements underlying the safety of use and the formulative stability over time. With no negative skin reactions and highly significant effects on skin elasticity, wrinkles, and moisturization, the CSE-based emulsion achieved very satisfying outcomes representing a promising functional formulation for skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.E.); (G.A.); (P.G.); (R.P.A.)
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- COSM-HI Lab,“San Giuseppe Moscati” National Hospital (AORN), Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.E.); (G.A.); (P.G.); (R.P.A.)
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- COSM-HI Lab,“San Giuseppe Moscati” National Hospital (AORN), Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesca Sansone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.E.); (G.A.); (P.G.); (R.P.A.)
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- COSM-HI Lab,“San Giuseppe Moscati” National Hospital (AORN), Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Giulia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.E.); (G.A.); (P.G.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.E.); (G.A.); (P.G.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Rosa Valentina Puca
- Dermatology and Dermosurgery, “San Giuseppe Moscati” National Hospital (AORN), Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (R.V.P.); (R.I.)
| | - Raffaele Iandoli
- Dermatology and Dermosurgery, “San Giuseppe Moscati” National Hospital (AORN), Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (R.V.P.); (R.I.)
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.E.); (G.A.); (P.G.); (R.P.A.)
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- COSM-HI Lab,“San Giuseppe Moscati” National Hospital (AORN), Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Antioxidant and In Vitro Preliminary Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Castanea sativa (Italian Cultivar "Marrone di Roccadaspide" PGI) Burs, Leaves, and Chestnuts Extracts and Their Metabolite Profiles by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020278. [PMID: 33670426 PMCID: PMC7917746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Italian "Marrone di Roccadaspide" (Castanea sativa), a labeled Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product, represents an important economic resource for the Italian market. With the aim to give an interesting opportunity to use chestnuts by-products for the development of nutraceutical and/or cosmetic formulations, the investigation of burs and leaves along with chestnuts of C. sativa, cultivar "Marrone di Roccadaspide", has been performed. The phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid content of the MeOH extracts of "Marrone di Roccadaspide" burs, leaves, and chestnuts as well as their antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methods (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) have been evaluated. Furthermore, a cell-based antioxidant in vitro test along with in vitro assays for the evaluation of the ability to reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and nitric oxide (NO) production have been carried out. In order to identify the secondary metabolites responsible for the high phenolic content and the strong antioxidant activity shown by leaves and burs extracts, and to highlight the differences between their chemical composition, the analysis of the metabolite profile of the MeOH extracts obtained from both by-products and chestnuts by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and multiple-stage linear ion-trap and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-(-)ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS) has been performed. LC-MS analysis allowed the identification of different classes of specialized metabolites including hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, and triterpenoids as well as polar lipids. Our results show how the antioxidant activity of the extracts can be correlated to their high tannins and flavonoids content while polar lipids occurring in the MeOH extract of the leaves could contribute to determining its higher anti-inflammatory activity.
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Chamorro F, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods 2021; 10:251. [PMID: 33530516 PMCID: PMC7912241 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs. Since 20th-century, advances in analytical chemistry have allowed disclosure of the chemical nature of these molecules. The chemical profile of extracts obtained from previously selected species was investigated to try to establish a bridge between traditional background and scientific data. The study of the chemical composition of these extracts has permitted us to correlate the presence of tannins and other related molecules with the effectiveness of their apparent uses. The revision of traditional knowledge paired with scientific evidence may provide a supporting background on their use and the basis for developing innovative pharmacology and food applications based on formulations using natural sources of tannins. This traditional-scientific approach can result useful due to the raising consumers' demand for natural products in markets, to which tannin-rich extracts may pose an attractive alternative. Therefore, it is of interest to back traditional applications with accurate data while meeting consumer's acceptance. In this review, several species known to contain high amounts of tannins have been selected as a starting point to establish a correlation between their alleged traditional use, tannins content and composition and potential bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata RA7600, Argentina
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
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Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Tomasi P, Marincich L, Poli F. Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy. Molecules 2021; 26:495. [PMID: 33477709 PMCID: PMC7831927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement "greener" practices in the latter sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (P.T.); (L.M.); (F.P.)
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20
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Jarboui A, Nuñez-Estevez B, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins' Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization. Foods 2021; 10:137. [PMID: 33440730 PMCID: PMC7827785 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, consumers have been continuously moving towards the substitution of synthetic ingredients of the food industry by natural products, obtained from vegetal, animal or microbial sources. Additionally, a circular economy has been proposed as the most efficient production system since it allows for reducing and reutilizing different wastes. Current agriculture is responsible for producing high quantities of organic agricultural waste (e.g., discarded fruits and vegetables, peels, leaves, seeds or forestall residues), that usually ends up underutilized and accumulated, causing environmental problems. Interestingly, these agri-food by-products are potential sources of valuable bioactive molecules such as tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites of plants widespread in terrestrial and aquatic natural environments. As they can be found in plenty of plants and herbs, they have been traditionally used for medicinal and other purposes, such as the leather industry. This fact is explained by the fact that they exert plenty of different biological activities and, thus, they entail a great potential to be used in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, this review article is directed towards the description of the biological activities exerted by tannins as they could be further extracted from by-products of the agri-food industry to produce high-added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Amira Jarboui
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Kõrge K, Šeme H, Bajić M, Likozar B, Novak U. Reduction in Spoilage Microbiota and Cyclopiazonic Acid Mycotoxin with Chestnut Extract Enriched Chitosan Packaging: Stability of Inoculated Gouda Cheese. Foods 2020; 9:E1645. [PMID: 33187311 PMCID: PMC7697305 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Active chitosan-based films, blended with fibrous chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) tannin-rich extract were used to pack Gouda cheese that has been contaminated with spoilage microflora Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, and fungi Penicillium commune. A comprehensive experimental plan including active chitosan-based films with (i) chestnut extract (CE), (ii) tannic acid (TA), and (iii) without additives was applied to evaluate the film's effect on induced microbiological spoilage reduction and chemical indices of commercial Gouda cheese during 37 days while stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The cheese underwent microbiology analysis and chemical assessments of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) (cyclopiazonic acid), pH, and moisture content. The biopackaging used for packing cheese was characterized by mechanical properties before food packaging and analyzed with the same chemical analysis. The cheese microbiology showed that the bacterial counts were most efficiently decreased by the film without additives. However, active films with CE and TA were more effective as they did not break down around the cheese and showed protective properties against mycotoxin, moisture loss, and pH changes. Films themselves, when next to high-fat content food, changed their pH to less acidic, acted as absorbers, and degraded without plant-derived additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Kõrge
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.B.); (B.L.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Helena Šeme
- Acies Bio d.o.o., Tehnološki park 21, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marijan Bajić
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Uroš Novak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.K.); (M.B.); (B.L.)
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Chiocchio I, Prata C, Mandrone M, Ricciardiello F, Marrazzo P, Tomasi P, Angeloni C, Fiorentini D, Malaguti M, Poli F, Hrelia S. Leaves and Spiny Burs of Castanea Sativa from an Experimental Chestnut Grove: Metabolomic Analysis and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity. Metabolites 2020; 10:E408. [PMID: 33066101 PMCID: PMC7601974 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Castanea sativa cultivation has been present in Mediterranean regions since ancient times. In order to promote a circular economy, it is of great importance to valorize chestnut groves' by-products. In this study, leaves and spiny burs from twenty-four Castanea trees were analyzed by 1H NMR metabolomics to provide an overview of their phytochemical profile. The Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) performed on these data allowed us to distinguish 'Marrone' from 'Castagna', since the latter were generally more enriched with secondary metabolites, in particular, flavonoids (astragalin, isorhamnetin glucoside, and myricitrin) were dominant. Knowing that microglia are involved in mediating the oxidative and inflammatory response of the central nervous system, the potential anti-inflammatory effects of extracts derived from leaves and spiny burs were evaluated in a neuroinflammatory cell model: BV-2 microglia cells. The tested extracts showed cytoprotective activity (at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL) after inflammation induction by 5 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, the transcriptional levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-kB expression induced by LPS were significantly decreased by cell incubation with spiny burs and leaves extracts. Taken together, the obtained results are promising and represent an important step to encourage recycling and valorization of chestnut byproducts, usually considered "waste".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Fortuna Ricciardiello
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Paola Tomasi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Diana Fiorentini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (C.P.); (P.T.); (D.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (F.R.); (P.M.); (M.M.); (S.H.)
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Hung TQ, Lumsangkul C, Jaturasitha S, Paolucci M. Dietary inclusion of chestnut (Castanea sativa) polyphenols to Nile tilapia reared in biofloc technology: Impacts on growth, immunity, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:319-326. [PMID: 32702475 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial was carried out to examine the effects of adding chestnut (Castanea sativa) polyphenols (CSP) on the growth, skin mucus and serum immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five experimental diets with inclusion levels of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 of CSP were fed to Nile tilapia fingerlings (12.77 ± 0.17 g fish-1) during an eight-week trial. Fish were analyzed on the fourth and eighth week to determine the influences of CSP on growth, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters. Challenging test versus Streptococcus agalactiae was evaluated at the end of the trial. Fish fed with CSP enriched diets displayed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in growth and a decline in feed conversion ratio (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, skin mucus and serum immune parameters were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed CSP with respect to the control. The effects were already evident four weeks after the CSP administration. The disease protection test displayed that the fish's survival rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CSP diets over the control. The relative percentage of survival (RSP) was 62.5, 75.0, 58.3, and 37.5 in fish fed diets contained 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 CSP, respectively. The best effect on growth, immune response, and disease resistance were shown in Nile tilapia fed with a diet supplementation of 2 g kg-1 CSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Tran Quang Hung
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
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Pane C, Caputo M, Francese G, Manganiello G, Lo Scalzo R, Mennella G, Zaccardelli M. Managing Rhizoctonia Damping-Off of Rocket ( Eruca sativa) Seedlings by Drench Application of Bioactive Potato Leaf Phytochemical Extracts. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090270. [PMID: 32899876 PMCID: PMC7564358 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce a huge array of secondary metabolites that play a key role in defense mechanisms against detrimental microorganisms and herbivores, and represent a suitable alternative to synthetic fungicides in sustainable agriculture. In this work, twelve crude hydroethanolic extracts derived from leaves of different potato cultivars were chemically characterized by LC/MS and their antioxidant properties were investigated in vitro. Furthermore, the biological activity against the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Extracts showed the ability to inhibit R. solani growth in vitro and significantly reduced damping-off incidence in in vivo experiments. Furthermore, R. solani mycelia exposed to the extracts showed an altered morphology (low translucency, irregular silhouette, and cytoplasmatic content coagulation) compared to the untreated control in light microscopy examination. Principal component analysis conducted on identified chemical compounds highlighted significant metabolic variations across the different extracts. In particular, those that inhibited most of the growth of the pathogen were found to be enriched in α-chaconine or α-solanine content, indicating that their biological activity is affected by the abundance of these metabolites. These results clearly indicated that plant-derived compounds represent a suitable alternative to chemicals and could lead to the development of new formulates for sustainable control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catello Pane
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, via dei Cavalleggeri 25, I-84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy; (M.C.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Caputo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, via dei Cavalleggeri 25, I-84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy; (M.C.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Francese
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, via dei Cavalleggeri 25, I-84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy; (M.C.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gelsomina Manganiello
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, via dei Cavalleggeri 25, I-84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy; (M.C.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, via Venezian 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Mennella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, via dei Cavalleggeri 25, I-84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy; (M.C.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Massimo Zaccardelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, via dei Cavalleggeri 25, I-84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy; (M.C.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (G.M.); (M.Z.)
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25
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Gullón P, Gullón B, Muñiz-Mouro A, Lú-Chau TA, Eibes G. Valorization of horse chestnut burs to produce simultaneously valuable compounds under a green integrated biorefinery approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139143. [PMID: 32417529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A biorefinery scheme for the valorization of horse chestnut biowastes (a municipal solid waste) into added value bioactive compounds is proposed in this work. The bur fraction of horse chestnut was evaluated as a novel and cheap renewable feedstock to obtain valuable compounds suitable for their use in industrial applications. The integrated valorization scheme comprised an initial hydroethanolic extraction of antioxidant compounds (optimized through surface response methodology), the alkaline delignification of the exhausted solid to obtain a lignin-enriched fraction, and the enzymatic digestibility of the remaining cellulose fraction to produce fermentable sugars. In addition, the structural characterization of the extract by FT-IR and TGA was performed, and the analysis by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS allowed the tentative identification of eleven antioxidant phenolic compounds. The application of this multiproduct valorization approach led to the production of 13 kg antioxidant extracted compounds, 33.2 kg lignin and 14.5 kg glucose per each 100 kg of horse chestnut burs, which demonstrates the great potential of this residue as a biorefinery substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gullón
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Abel Muñiz-Mouro
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thelmo A Lú-Chau
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Eibes
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lachowicz S, Oszmiański J, Rapak A, Ochmian I. Profile and Content of Phenolic Compounds in Leaves, Flowers, Roots, and Stalks of Sanguisorba officinalis L. Determined with the LC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis and Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antiproliferative Potency. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E191. [PMID: 32806688 PMCID: PMC7464974 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to accurately determine the profile of polyphenols using the highly sensitive LC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS technique and to determine in vitro antioxidant activity, the ability of inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucoamylase, and pancreatic lipase activity, and antiproliferative activity in leaves, flowers, roots, and stalks of medical plant Sanguisorba officinalis L. The results of the analysis of the morphological parts indicated the presence of 130 polyphenols, including 62 that were detected in S. officinalis L. for the first time. The prevailing group was tannins, with contents ranging from 66.4% of total polyphenols in the flowers to 43.3% in the stalks. The highest content of polyphenols was identified in the flowers and reached 14,444.97 mg/100 g d.b., while the lowest was noted in the stalks and reached 4606.33 mg/100 g d.b. In turn, the highest values of the antiradical and reducing capacities were determined in the leaves and reached 6.63 and 0.30 mmol TE/g d.b, respectively. In turn, a high ability to inhibit activities of α-amylase and α-glucoamylase was noted in the flowers, while a high ability to inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase was demonstrated in the leaves of S. officinalis L. In addition, the leaves and the flowers showed the most effective antiproliferative properties in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, and T-cell leukemia cells, whereas the weakest activity was noted in the stalks. Thus, the best dietetic material to be used when composing functional foods were the leaves and the flowers of S. officinalis L., while the roots and the stalks were equally valuable plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetables and Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Ochmian
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
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Beccaro GL, Donno D, Lione GG, De Biaggi M, Gamba G, Rapalino S, Riondato I, Gonthier P, Mellano MG. Castanea spp. Agrobiodiversity Conservation: Genotype Influence on Chemical and Sensorial Traits of Cultivars Grown on the Same Clonal Rootstock. Foods 2020; 9:E1062. [PMID: 32764341 PMCID: PMC7465019 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A large species diversity characterises the wide distribution of chestnuts in Asia, North America, and Europe, hence reflecting not only the adaptation of the genus Castanea to diverse environmental conditions, but also to different management strategies encompassing orchards. The characterisation and description of chestnut populations and cultivars are crucial to develop effective conservation strategies of one of the most important Italian and European fruit and wood species. Chestnut cultivars grown in the same pedoclimatic conditions and on the same clonal rootstock were characterised with sensory, spectrophotometric, and chromatographic analysis to determine the phytochemical composition and nutraceutical properties. A multivariate approach, including principal component analysis and conditional inference tree models, was also performed. The ease of peeling, seed colour, and intensity of sweetness were the sensory descriptors that allowed us to differentiate C. sativa cultivars. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 9.30 ± 0.39 mmol Fe+2 kg-1 DW ('Bouche de Bètizac') to 19.96 ± 1.89 mmol Fe+2 kg-1 DW ('Garrone Rosso'). Monoterpenes represented the main component, reaching 88% for hybrids, followed by polyphenols (10-25% for hybrids and chestnuts, respectively). A multivariate approach showed that phenolic acids and tannins were the bioactive classes with the highest discriminating power among different genotypes, and that genotype is a significant variable (p < 0.05). In addition, most of the analysed chestnut cultivars showed a content of bioactive compounds similar to or higher than the main hazelnut, walnut, and almond varieties. Chestnut agrobiodiversity could be intended as strictly associated to the genotype effect and underlines the large variability within the genus Castanea, and therefore, the importance of in farm and ex situ conservation of local germplasm is part of a global strategy aimed at increasing the levels of agrobiodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele L. Beccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Dario Donno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Gianni Lione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Marta De Biaggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Gamba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Sabrina Rapalino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Isidoro Riondato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Paolo Gonthier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Mellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (G.L.B.); (G.G.L.); (M.D.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.); (I.R.); (P.G.); (M.G.M.)
- Chestnut R&D Center—Piemonte, 12013 Chiusa di Pesio, Italy
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Esposito T, Sansone F, Auriemma G, Franceschelli S, Pecoraro M, Picerno P, Aquino RP, Mencherini T. Study on Ajuga reptans Extract: A Natural Antioxidant in Microencapsulated Powder Form as an Active Ingredient for Nutraceutical or Pharmaceutical Purposes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070671. [PMID: 32708873 PMCID: PMC7407557 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of natural antioxidants is considered to be a prevention strategy for chronic diseases and a useful tool for the healthcare system to reduce the administration of expensive and often not effective treatments. The chemical characterization of a methanolic extract (AJ) of Ajuga reptans L. was performed, and its antioxidant activity was evaluated. AJ and the major compounds, characterized by chromatographic techniques as phenylpropanoids and iridoids, were able to reduce the Reactive Oxygen Species levels in cancer cell lines (melanoma, A375, cervical cancer, HeLa, and alveolar adenocarcinoma, A549), stimulated by E. coli lipopolysaccharide. However, a clinical translation of these results encountered a significant limitation represented by the poor water solubility and bioavailability of the extract and compounds. Consequently, a hydro-soluble powder system (AJEP3) was developed by spray-drying encapsulating AJ into a multi-component solid matrix that is based on L-proline and hydroxyethylcellulose as loading and coating agents, and lecithin as solubility enhancer. The technological approach led to a satisfactory process yield (71.5%), encapsulation efficiency (99.9%), and stability. The in vitro water dissolution rate of the bioactive compounds appeared to be improved with respect to the extract, suggesting higher feasibility in the manufacturing and administration; even the in vitro biological activity of the produced multi-component AJEP3 was clearly enhanced.
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Esposito T, Mencherini T, Del Gaudio P, Auriemma G, Franceschelli S, Picerno P, Aquino RP, Sansone F. Design and Development of Spray-Dried Microsystems to Improve Technological and Functional Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Hazelnut Shells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061273. [PMID: 32168873 PMCID: PMC7144004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An extract obtained from hazelnut shells by-products (HSE) has antioxidant and chemopreventive effects on human melanoma and cervical cancer cell lines, inducing apoptosis by caspase-3 activation. A clinical translation is limited by poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Dried plant extracts often show critical characteristics such as sticky/gummy appearance, unpleasant smell, and instability involving practical difficulties in processing for industrial use. A spray drying method has been applied to transform raw HSE in a microparticulate powder. The biopolymeric matrix was based on l-proline as loading carrier, hydroxyethylcellulose in combination with pectin as coating polymers; lecithin and ethanol were used as solubility enhancers. A Hot-Cold-Hot method was selected to prepare the liquid feed. The thus prepared powder showed good technological properties (solid-state, particle dimensions, morphology, and water dissolution rate), stability, and unchanged chemopreventive effects with respect to the unprocessed HSE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-089-968294 (T.M.); +39-089-968146 (F.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Sansone
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-089-968294 (T.M.); +39-089-968146 (F.S.)
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30
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Evaluation of the Phenolic Profile of Castanea sativa Mill. By-Products and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity against Multiresistant Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010087. [PMID: 31968590 PMCID: PMC7022504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chestnut industry generates a large amount of by-products. These agro-industrial wastes have been described as potential sources of phenolic compounds with high bioactive potential. Therefore, we aimed to extract the phenolic compounds from chestnut by-products and assess their antioxidant potential and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. The individual phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extracts of chestnut shell, inner shell, bur, and leaves were characterized by HPLC-DAD/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. The antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against 10 bacterial strains. The major phenolic compounds identified in the extracts were trigalloyl-HHDP-glucose, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin glycoside derivatives. All chestnut by-products presented promising antioxidant activity in both assays, with leaf samples the ones presenting the highest antioxidant capacity. The inner shell's extract was effective against all Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria; nevertheless, all extracts showed antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed susceptibility to all extracts while none of the extracts was able to suppress the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Chestnut by-products are a source of phenolic compounds with prominent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to assess the correlation between phenolic compounds and the bioactivities obtained.
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31
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Pârvu M, Moţ CA, Pârvu AE, Mircea C, Stoeber L, Roşca-Casian O, Ţigu AB. Allium sativum Extract Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Antifungal Effect against Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Causing Onychomycosis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213958. [PMID: 31683743 PMCID: PMC6865177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a major health problem due to its chronicity and resistance to therapy. Because some cases associate paronychia, any therapy must target the fungus and the inflammation. Medicinal plants represent an alternative for onychomycosis control. In the present work the antifungal and antioxidant activities of Alium sativum extract against Meyerozyma guilliermondii (Wick.) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. Harrison, isolated for the first time from a toenail onychomycosis case, were investigated. The fungal species were confirmed by DNA molecular analysis. A. sativum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and ultrastructural effects were examined. At the MIC concentration (120 mg/mL) the micrographs indicated severe structural alterations with cell death. The antioxidant properties of the A. sativum extract were evaluated is a rat turpentine oil induced inflammation, and compared to an anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, and the main compound from the extract, allicin. A. sativum reduced serum total oxidative status, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide production, and increased total thiols. The effects were comparable to those of allicin and diclofenac. In conclusion, the garlic extract had antifungal effects against M. guilliermondii and R. mucilaginosa, and antioxidant effect in turpentine-induced inflammation. Together, the antifungal and antioxidant activities support that A. sativum is a potential alternative treatment in onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Pârvu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cătălin A Moţ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina E Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3 Victor Babeş Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Mircea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Leander Stoeber
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3 Victor Babeş Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Oana Roşca-Casian
- Alexandru-Borza Botanical Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian B Ţigu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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