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Abu‐Niaaj LF, Al‐Daghistani HI, Katampe I, Abu‐Irmaileh B, Bustanji YK. Pomegranate peel: Bioactivities as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2818-2832. [PMID: 38628214 PMCID: PMC11016432 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of six pomegranate peel extracts (PPEs) as antibacterial and antiproliferative agents. The Six PPEs were prepared using four solvent systems and each filtrate was concentrated to a gummy material to be used in the evaluation. The well-diffusion method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against bacteria typically associated with food spoilage: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and three Bacillus species. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3), ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3), and fibroblasts (MRC-5). The antioxidant evaluation was done using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. The pH of the water-containing extracts was acidic and almost the same over 6 weeks. The six PPEs inhibited the bacterial growth in a comparable level to standard antibiotics. The effectiveness of each extract was dependent on the bacterial strain, and the Listeria showed a remarkable inhibition when exposed to the aqueous extract prepared at room temperature (RT). The aqueous (RT) and methanol PPEs had a significant antioxidant scavenging capability and a remarkable cytotoxic activity against the PC3 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1 μg/mL. The boiled aqueous extract exhibited antiproliferative activity against HCT116 with an IC50 of 21.45 μg/mL. The effect on SKOV-3 and fibroblasts was insignificant. With the exception of butanol, the antioxidant screening shows an inverse correlation between the polarity of the extraction solvent and the IC50 exhibited by the PPEs. The variation in the effectiveness of PPEs is suggested to be due to variable soluble bioactive compounds that may interact differently with different cells, though water-containing extracts are promising antibacterial agents. The findings clearly show that pomegranate peel possessed the potential to be an eco-friendly novel source for natural compounds that can be implemented in the food industry as a natural antimicrobial and natural food additive to prevent foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna F. Abu‐Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology, and AgricultureCentral State UniversityWilberforceOhioUSA
| | - Hala I. Al‐Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesAl‐Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Ibrahim Katampe
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology, and AgricultureCentral State UniversityWilberforceOhioUSA
| | | | - Yasser K. Bustanji
- College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyThe University of JordanAmmanJordan
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Métoyer B, Renouf E, Jourdes M, Mérillon JM, Téguo PW. Isolation of Hydrolyzable Tannins from Castanea sativa Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38359463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Castanea sativa wood is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins, known for their diverse bioactivities. To investigate these bioactive properties further, it is crucial to isolate and characterize hydrophilic compounds effectively. To address this issue, we developed a centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method and applied it to an aqueous C. sativa wood extract. We determined the partition coefficients (KD) of the six major compounds using four butanol-/water-based biphasic solvent systems. Initially, we utilized the n-butanol/propanol/water (3:1:4, v/v/v) systems for the first fractionation step. Subsequently, we employed the water/methyl tert-butyl ether/butanol/acetone (8:5:3:4, v/v/v/v) system to fractionate moderately and highly hydrophilic fractions. We calculated the KD values for major compounds of the most hydrophilic fractions using the butanol/ethanol/water (4:1:5, v/v/v) and butanol/isopropanol/water (2:1:3, v/v/v) systems. In total, we isolated 23 compounds through a combination of CPC, size exclusion chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Among these compounds, six have never been previously described. We characterized them by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and high-resolution mass spectroscopy acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Métoyer
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Elodie Renouf
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Michael Jourdes
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Waffo Téguo
- Polyphénols Biotech-ADERA, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
- Unité de Recherche Œnologie, UMR 1366 INRAE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France
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Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Yan X, Wu C, Qing L, He Z, Chen Q, Huang M, Zhao J, Cao M. Urolithin B alleviates Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13016. [PMID: 37623311 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections. Active eradication of H. pylori infection is rare due to the fact that most infected patients are asymptomatic and the use of large amounts of antibiotics in eradication therapy leads to severe side effects. Urolithin B (UB) is an additional major intestinal metabolite of ellagic acid (EA), which has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic biological activities. Preventing the incidence of H. pylori-related gastric disease and reducing the damage to the host by H. pylori is a current approach to control H. pylori infection. In this study, we explored the effect of UB on H. pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of UB on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by H. pylori in vivo and in vitro were investigated by qPCR, ELISA, HE staining, IHC staining, etc. RESULTS: UB reduced the adhesion and colonization of H. pylori and improved H. pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, UB had better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects than clarithromycin (CLR) and metronidazole (MET). In addition to inhibiting the secretion of CagA, UB reduced tissue damage by H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS UB was effective in improving damage caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liting Qing
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongyu He
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Irradiation Preservation Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Huang
- Irradiation Preservation Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Cao
- Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Virtanen V, Green RJ, Karonen M. Interactions between Hydrolysable Tannins and Lipid Vesicles from Escherichia coli with Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103204. [PMID: 35630681 PMCID: PMC9146631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to study the interactions between hydrolysable tannins (HTs) and lipid vesicles prepared from a phospholipid extract of Escherichia coli (E. coli). A group of 24 structurally different HTs was selected, and structural differences affecting their affinities to interact with lipid vesicles in aqueous buffered media were identified. In general, the interactions between HTs and lipid vesicles were exothermic in nature, and ITC as a technique functioned well in the screening of HTs for their affinity for lipids. Most notably, the galloyl moiety, the structural flexibility of the entire tannin structure, the hydrophobicity of the tannin, and higher molecular weight were observed to be important for the stronger interactions with the lipids. The strongest interactions with lipids were observed for rugosins D and G. It was also observed that some HTs with moderate hydrophobicities, such as geraniin, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid, did not have any detectable interactions with the lipid vesicles, suggesting that a hydrophobic structure alone does not guarantee an affinity for lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Virtanen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Rebecca J Green
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Goyal A, Tanwar B, Kumar Sihag M, Sharma V. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.): An emerging source of nutrients, omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals. Food Chem 2021; 373:131459. [PMID: 34731811 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) (SI) is an oleaginous plant producing oil and protein-rich seeds. It has been cultivated for centuries and is native to the tropical rainforest of the Amazon region of South America including parts of Peru and northwestern Brazil. At present, SI seeds are emerging as a potential source of macro- and micronutrients, α-linolenic acid and phytochemicals. This review attempts to elucidate the nutrients, phytonutrients, safety, toxicity, health benefits and food applications of SI seed. Recent scientific studies have associated the consumption of SI seed/oil with reduced risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, lack of awareness and in-depth understanding has resulted in it being neglected both at the consumer and industrial level. In all, SI is an underutilized and undervalued oleaginous crop which not only has the potential to mitigate food and nutritional insecurity but also offers humongous opportunities for the development of novel value-added food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Goyal
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Beenu Tanwar
- Department of Dairy Technology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manvesh Kumar Sihag
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India.
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, India.
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Chen LG, Lin SY, Lee YS, Wang CC, Hou WC. Hydrolysable Tannins Exhibit Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Anti-Glycation Activities In Vitro and Learning and Memory Function Improvements in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesiac Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1066. [PMID: 34440270 PMCID: PMC8394356 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural waste from the hulls of water caltrop (Trapa taiwanesis Nakai, TT-hull) was extracted by either steeping them in cold 95% ethanol (C95E), refluxing 95E, refluxing 50E, or refluxing hot water (HW) to obtain C95EE, 95EE, 50EE, and HWE, respectively. These four extracts showed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities and free radical scavenging activities, as well as anti-non-enzymatic protein glycation in vitro. Eight compounds were isolated from TT-hull-50EE and were used to plot the chromatographic fingerprints of the TT-hull extracts, among which tellimagrandin-I, tellimagrandin-II, and 1,2,3,6-tetra-galloylglucose showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activities, and they also exhibited anti-amyloid β peptide aggregations. The scopolamine-induced amnesiac ICR mice that were fed with TT-hull-50EE or TT-hull-HWE (100 and 200 mg/kg) or tellimagrandin-II (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed improved learning behavior when evaluated using passive avoidance or water maze evaluation, and they showed significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to those in the control group. The enriched hydrolysable tannins of the recycled TT-hull may be developed as functional foods for the treatment of degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
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Mayorova OA, Jolly BCN, Verkhovskii RA, Plastun VO, Sindeeva OA, Douglas TEL. pH-Sensitive Dairy-Derived Hydrogels with a Prolonged Drug Release Profile for Cancer Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:749. [PMID: 33562870 PMCID: PMC7915325 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel versatile biocompatible hydrogel of whey protein isolate (WPI) and two types of tannic acid (TAs) was prepared by crosslinking of WPI with TAs in a one-step method at high temperature for 30 min. WPI is one common protein-based preparation which is used for hydrogel formation. The obtained WPI-TA hydrogels were in disc form and retained their integrity after sterilization by autoclaving. Two TA preparations of differing molecular weight and chemical structure were compared, namely a polygalloyl glucose-rich extract-ALSOK 02-and a polygalloyl quinic acid-rich extract-ALSOK 04. Hydrogel formation was observed for WPI solutions containing both preparations. The swelling characteristics of hydrogels were investigated at room temperature at different pH values, namely 5, 7, and 9. The swelling ability of hydrogels was independent of the chemical structure of the added TAs. A trend of decrease of mass increase (MI) in hydrogels was observed with an increase in the TA/WPI ratio compared to the control WPI hydrogel without TA. This dependence (a MI decrease-TA/WPI ratio) was observed for hydrogels with different types of TA both in neutral and acidic conditions (pH 5.7). Under alkaline conditions (pH 9), negative values of swelling were observed for all hydrogels with a high content of TAs and were accompanied by a significant release of TAs from the hydrogel network. Our studies have shown that the release of TA from hydrogels containing ALSOK04 is higher than from hydrogels containing ALSOK 02. Moreover, the addition of TAs, which display a strong anti-cancer effect, increases the cytotoxicity of WPI-TAs hydrogels against the Hep-2 human laryngeal squamous carcinoma (Hep-2 cells) cell line. Thus, WPI-TA hydrogels with prolonged drug release properties and cytotoxicity effect can be used as anti-cancer scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana A. Mayorova
- Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya st., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (R.A.V.); (V.O.P.); (O.A.S.)
| | - Ben C. N. Jolly
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Gillow Av., Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya st., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (R.A.V.); (V.O.P.); (O.A.S.)
| | - Valentina O. Plastun
- Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya st., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (R.A.V.); (V.O.P.); (O.A.S.)
| | - Olga A. Sindeeva
- Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya st., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (R.A.V.); (V.O.P.); (O.A.S.)
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Building 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timothy E. L. Douglas
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Gillow Av., Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
- Materials Science Institute (MSI), Lancaster University, Gillow Av., Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Hassan MM. Enhanced insect-resistance, UV protection, and antibacterial and antistatic properties exhibited by wool fabric treated with polyphenols extracted from mango seed kernel and feijoa peel. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1482-1492. [PMID: 35424106 PMCID: PMC8693605 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09699g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic dyes, antimicrobial and insect-resistant agents, UV radiation absorbents, and antistatic agents that are used to introduce multifunctional properties to textiles are not only toxic to the environment but also require multi-step treatments to achieve them. Toxic antimicrobials are responsible for the growth of drug-resistant bacteria. Nature-derived polyphenols, such as tannin, could be a viable green alternative. In this work, wool fabrics were treated with a commercial tannic acid (PP-1), and also with gallotannin-rich polyphenols extracted from feijoa fruit peel (PP-2) and mango seed kernel (PP-3) to introduce multifunctional properties, i.e. to make the fabric antistatic, insect-resistant, hydrophilic, and able to absorb harmful UV radiation. The effect of the treatment on the colour, colour intensity, surface resistivity, UV radiation absorption, antibacterial activity, and insect-repellence was systematically evaluated. It was found that PP-3-treated fabric exhibited excellent surface hydrophilicity, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and insect-resistant activity against the larvae of Tineola bisselliella. PP-3 treatment also provided comparable UV protection and antioxidant activity but was marginally inferior to the UV protection and antioxidant activity exhibited by the PP-1-treated fabric. The commercial tannic acid treated fabric provided the best antistatic properties but the lowest surface hydrophilicity. The developed treatment could provide a green and sustainable alternative to hazardous UV absorbing, antibacterial and insect-resistant agents used in the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan
- Bioproduct & Fibre Technology Team, AgResearch Limited 1365 Springs Road, Lincoln, Christchurch 7674 Canterbury New Zealand
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Separation, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, and antioxidant activity of hydrolyzable tannins from water caltrop (Trapa quadrispinosa) pericarps. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Managa MG, Mpai S, Remize F, Garcia C, Sivakumar D. Impact of moist cooking methods on colour, anti-nutritive compounds and phenolic metabolites in African nightshade (Solanum retroflexum Dun.). Food Chem 2020; 325:126805. [PMID: 32387944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Not much information is available on the changes of phenolic metabolites or anti-nutritive compounds in African nightshade leaves during moist cooking. Blanching methods (boiling, microwave, and steaming) using 5-20% lemon juice was compared with the plain water as a control. Lemon juice at 20% significantly increased the total colour differences (ΔE). Chlorophyll content and the overall acceptance were highest for samples steamed in 5% lemon juice. Steam blanching in plain water reduced the tannin, oxalate and phytate contents but showed higher comparative peak responses for steroidal saponins. Neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, and caffeoylmalic acid, kaempferol O-rhamnosyl hexoside, and rutin were identified blanched leaves. Principle component analysis (PCA) discriminated between blanching treatments while Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) showed clear group distinctions between the blanching treatments. Chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid were the responsible biomarkers for the separation of the steam blanching treatments. Thus, steam blanching preserves the functional compounds in nightshade leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent G Managa
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, P.O. 0001, South Africa
| | - Semagalene Mpai
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, P.O. 0001, South Africa
| | - Fabienne Remize
- UMR C-95 QualiSud, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, Reunion Island, France
| | - Cyrielle Garcia
- UMR C-95 QualiSud, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, Reunion Island, France
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, P.O. 0001, South Africa.
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